I MOT SO GOP Y VE CHINH SACH BOI

I. NGHIEN c u t - TRAO DOl. MOT SO GOP Y VE CHINH SACH BOI Dl/dNG VA DAO TAO NHAN LI/C CHO DAT NlTdC HIEN NAY •. TS.LE DINH VIEN (*). TOM T.\T Ddn toe Viet Nam ta da trudng ton vd pfidt trien nhu ngdy nay la nha ong cha ta luon guan tdm vd chdm lo den gido due v&iy thdc: "Hien tdi Id nguyen khi quoc gia ". Ro rdng, nguyen ichi mgnfi thi nwac mgnh, nguyen Jchi suy llii ntrac suy. Dao tgo nguon nhdn luc, boi bo nhdn tai vira Id yeu cdu cho chinh sw ton tgi vd phdt trien cua ddt nuac vira co y nghia vd mang tinh quyet dinh de hgi nhdp thdnh cong, dudmg hodng "sdnh vai ndm chdu ton bien " nhu tu tuang Bdc Ho da chi ro. Trong phgm vi hep, bdi viet ndy tiep can den cdc vdn de nhu chdt lugng ddo tgo, ca sd vdt chdt, nghien cuu khoa hoc, hop tdc quoc te... CO ldm quan trong dgc biet trong viec gop phdn ndng cao viec ddo tgo nguon nhdn luc cd chdt lugng cao, gop phdn xdy dung xd hgi cong nghiep tmng thai gian sap tdi. Tir khoa: Chinh sdch, nhdn luc, chdt lugng ddo tgo. nghien cmi khoa hoc... SUMMARY Our Viemamese people have lived and developed as today, it is because our forefathers always take interest and care about education with the sense: Talented and righteous people are the mam core of the country."Obviously, when the main core is strong, the country will bepoM'eiful and vice versa. Training human resources andfostering talents are both required for the survival and development of the country and significant and crucial to successfil integration, in order to Keep up with other countries in five continents %ith dignity according to Uncle Ho's specified thoughts. In the narrow scope of this article. the approach to the issues such as training quality, infrastructure, scientific research,. intemational. cooperation... has special importance in contribution to enhancing the training of human resources with high quality and to the construction ofindusuial. society in the near future.. Key words: Policy, human ?-esources, training quality, scientific research .... 1. Dat van de. dat van de nhu vay chinh la xuat phat tir cho. Trong thcri dai ngay nay, thdi dai khoa hpc. tri thuc can duye coi la tai nguyen ldn nhat,. va ky thuat phat trien v6 cung nhanh chong,. quan trpng nhat, khong co bat ky tai nguyen. viec dao tao nhan tai khdng chi la yeu cau. nao CO the so sanh duoc trong thdi dai ngay. trudc mat ma chinh la yeu to quyet dinh den. nay. Khi ta nhan thuc duoc rang tai nguyen. su phat trien va nit ngan khoang each giiia. thien nhien du phong phu den dau cung. nudc ta vdi phan con lai cua the gidi. Sd di. khong phai la vo han, trong khi do nguon TAP CHI KTNH TE - CONG NGHIEP. NGHIEN c u u - T R A O DOI. luc ve nhan tai lai la nguon luc khong gidi han. Day ciing chinh la su "khac biet", la lgi the canh tranh trong moi trudng canh tranh. Canh tranh nguon nhan luc chat lupTig cao mang tinh quyet dinh "ai thang ai". Trong moi trudng canh tranh, vdi cac dieu kien so sanh giong nhau, nudc nao biet each cham lo den giao duo boi duong nhan tai, nudc do se nhanh chong chiem lmh uu the ve kinh te - ky thuat va tir do phat huy nhanh chong sue manh tong hgp thiic day nen kinh te phat trien, c6 the lay Singapore lam vi du: vdi mpt dat nudc gan nhu khdng co tai nguyen thien nhien, nhung biet khai day va cham lo den viec dao tao nguon nhan luc, den nay tir mpt dat nudc cua nhihig "lang chai" da trd thanh mpt nudc cong nghiep, trong do c6 ca cac nganh kinh te miii nhpn phat trien het sue rue ra, vuon len "hoa rdng" trd thanh nudc cong nghiep hang dku thS gidi. Tir thuc te dien ra tren the gidi va khu virc da khang djnh mpt thuc te la muon tien nhanh, tien manh tren con dudng cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa dat nudc, van de CO y nghia cap bach la phai hinh thanh va thuc thi mpt ehien lupc va sach lupc toan dien ve dao tao nguon nhan luc, trong do c6 viec dao tao mat bang dan tri that ben vung, dac biet chii trpng boi bo nguon nhan tai chat lucfng cao du kha nang nam viing, tiep can vdi trinh dp khoa hpc va ky thuat hien dai, vira co kha nang ung dung ki^n thuc do vao thuc te ddi song va quan trpng hon ca la CO nang luc sang tao, kham pha vdi tu duy nang dpng, khong bang long vdi nhirng gi da dat tdi.. 2. Lam gi de co nguon nhan lire va nhan tai phong phii, di^u kien can va du? Tra ldi cho nhung cau hoi tren day, chinh la each xu ly va giai dap mot van de vira c6 y nghia ly luan vira co y nghia thuc tien doi vdi nudc ta trong qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa hien nay. Thuc te cho thay r^ing, sir xuat hien nhan tai cua mot quoc gia gan lien vdi nen giao due quoc gia do. Tir viec coi giao due va dao tao khong chi la la noi dao tao nhan luc ma con la nai phat hien nhan tai cho dat nudc. Chinh vi vay, viec phat trien manh su nghiep giao due va dao tao chinh la con dudng tim ra nhan tai va cung iing nhan tai, tir do gop phan hinh thanh mpt xa hpi tri thiic - vira la muc tieu vira la dpng luc phat trien ciia kinh te - xa hpi. Tuy nhien, nhan tai khong the va khong phai la nhiing gi bat bien ma can thiet phai duac dao tao va huan luyen lien tuc, tao dieu kien de ho c6 the hoc tap suot ddi, thich ung vdi nhiing phat trien va doi thay nhanh chong cua khoa hpc va eong nghe, ciia to ehirc san xuat va phuong thiie san xuat trong mgt nen kinh te hien dai va bien doi khong ngimg. Qua trinh do ciing chinh la qua trinh phat trien xa hgi va con ngudi. De gdp phan thuc hien mue tieu ehien luac la xay dung nen tang de sdm dua nudc ta, ca ban trd thanh mgt nudc cong nghiep theo hudng hien dai vao nam 2020, trong sd nhiing van de can dug'c quan tam cd van de la thuc thi chien luac ve dao tao nguon nhan luc va bdi dudng nhan tai. Phai c6 mot chiin luac va sach lupc day dii va toan dien ve dao tao nguon nhan lire, giao due va dao tao. Su nghiep cong ffl KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP. NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO BOI. nghi$p hoa va hien dai hda cua dat nudc ta dang rat can ngudn nhan lire ch4t lupng cao cho nhieu ITnh vuc nhu: y t6, khoa hpc xa hpi, khoa hpc tu nhien, quan ly kinh te, quan ly nha nudc..., nhung trudc mit can tip trung chii y vao cac ITnh vue thugc khoa hgc cong nghe, khoa hgc quan ly ke ca quan ly nha nudc.. Tuc ngii eua dan tpc ta c6 cau "Khong thay dd may l^m nSn" c6 y nghTa rat quan trpng trpng viec xac lap vi tri xung dang cua ngudi thiy trpng su nghiep giao due va la yeu t6 cue ky quan trgng trong viec nang cao chat lupng dao tao. Ngudi thiy nhu nggn hai dang luon tda sang de din dudng, de hudng ngudi hpc di De thuc hien chien lupc vira neu tren, trong dung hudng, di phat hien, kham pha, sang tao. pham vi bai viit l^n nay chiing toi xin neu ra Tuy nhien de co mpt dpi ngii can bp giang day cac van d i cdt loi ve ITnh vuc dao tao sau day: dat nhu ciu, co kha nang nam bat nhiing kien thdc khoa hpc chuyen nganh hien dai va ddn 2.1 vi chdt Itr^ig ddo tao Chat lupng dao tao la yeu to cue ky quan dau nhung phat trien trong tuong lai la dieu trpng, anh hudng true tiep din kha nang lam phai phin diu lau dai, bang cac budc di thich viec eua ngudi dupc dao tao khi ra trudng theo hpp va theo mpt Id trinh dupc hoach dinh d mpt chuin t6i thiiu cho tiing khu vuc. De nang moi trudng dai hpc, vdi su quan tam tao mpi cao chat lupng dao tao, can het sue quan tam dieu kien thuan lgi tur phia Nha nudc vdi cac den cac yeu to co ban lien quan den chat luang chinh sach vT mo thong thoang... dao tao, do la chuang trinh dao tao, ca sd vat 2.1.3 Chdt luang gido trinh vd sdch chat cua dao tao, chat lupng dpi ngii giang gido khoa vien, y thuc va nhan thiic cua ngudi hgc. Cimg vdi eac yeu to tren, chat lupng giao 2.1.1 Chuang trinh ddo tgo Doi vdi chiing ta, xuat phat tir mgt nen kinh te cong nghiep lac hau, cd trinh dp phat trien kinh te d miic thap thi viec dao tao nguon nhan luc khong chi nham dap lirng nhu cau sir dung trong hien tai ma con cho tiem nang phat trien trong tuong lai, thich iing vdi nhiing phat trien chung cua khoa hpc va eong nghe. Chinh vi vay cin chii y nhieu din kha nang thuc hanh ling dung va tit nhien khong the coi nhe viec giang day va nghien ciiu ly thuyet. Tdm lai, chuang trinh dao tao phai dap ung 2 yeu cau: viia sat thuc tiin xa hgi vua co tim nhhi eao han, xa han. 2.1.2 Quan tdm den chdt lucmg cua doi ngU gidng day. trinh va saeh giao khoa la mgt trong nhiing yeu td quyet dinh den viec nang cao chat lupng dao tao. Viec cham lo de c6 du giao trinh va sach giao khoa thupc tat ca cac mon, dap ung nhu cau ciia sinh vien la yeu cau bat bupc. Tuy nhien, thudng thi d mdi trudng dai hgc xuit hien nhiing trudng phai khoa hgc khac nhau. Do vay, cin ddng vien khuyin khich can bp giang day nghien curu khoa hgc, diu tu cdng sure de c6 dupc nhung bd giap trinh va sach giao khoa d mdi trudng dai hgc dupc xa hgi tham dinh, danh gia. Viec tdn trpng cac trudng phai khoa hgc d mdi trudng dai hgc ve timg ITnh vuc khoa hpc la lam phong phii them ehat lugng eua giao trinh va sach giao khoa, mgt cdng cu quan trgng trong viec truyen dat kiin. NGHIEN CU U - TRAO DOI. Cd sd vat chat cua dao tao dugc hiiu rit rpng bao gom cic giing dudng, cic phuong ti?n giang day hi?n d^ii nhu: projector, overhead, miy mdc va cic thiet bi khac: thu vipn, nhi an, 2.1.4 Boi mai phuomg phdp gidng d(fy Phuong phip giang day dugc xem la san k^" tiic xi sinh viSn, phdng thi nghiem..,v..v. phim cua ba yeu to ndi tren, vira la ket qui ciia Chiing ta quan ni?m ring co sd vat chit cua qui trinh dimg tren bye giang cua mpt ngudi dao tao trd thanh mdt dieu ki?n cho vi$c djiy thay, vita la ting hgp tiim nang, cdng siic va tit va hpc tdt, vi niu khdng cd co sd v$t chat tri tu$ cua chinh hp, quyit dinh rat ldn den du manh se khd ndi den nang cao chat lugng chat lugng dao tao. Suy nghi ve cau ndi ndi dao tao va cang khdng the ky vpng d s\r phat tiing cua Nha giao due hgc Thomas Carruther: triin. Thdng thudng Nha nudc se gdp phin "Mpt ngudi thiy gidi la ngudi cang luc cing vao ming dau tu nay ke ca d cac co sd giao khdng can doi vdi hgc trd", da cho chung ta due tu thuc. cam nhan dugc phuong phap giang day cd y 2.2 Ve nghien cim khoa hgc nghia quan trpng din nhu the nap. Ro ring, Hpc tap va nghien ciiu khoa hpc gan bo khi ngudi thay cd phuong phap "din dit" tdt chat che vdi nhau nhu hai mat ciia mpt thuc thi vai trd ngudi thiy da hda lin vao su say thi. Se khdng cd chit lugng dao tao tot niu me hpc tap, tu mmh khim pha cua ngudi trd. khdng quan tam den nghien cuu khoa hpc. Ciing gidng nhu nhirng san pham trong nen Ddi vdi sinh vien trong cic tradng dai kinh te thi tradng, "san pham" dugc dao tao hpc, nghien cim khoa hpc chinh la budc thii phai la nhimg san pham ma xa hdi dang cd nghiem, tap dugt dudi su hudng dan khoa hpc nhu cau, tir dd keo theo mpt su rang bupc khic ciia thiy cd giao, nhim giup hg cd the doc lap thupc phucmg phip giang day li "hay trayen nghien cuu khoa hgc trong tuong lai. dat nhiing gi mi xa hpi dang can, chir khdng Xac dinh tam quan trgng cua nghien curu chi nhiing gi ngudi thay dang cd" khoa hgc, can thiet phii td chirc cong tac Cach dat van de nhu tren chinh la xuat phit nghien cuu khoa hpc trong sinh vien ngay tir viec coi sinh vien li ngudi thu hudng ket tir nam hge dau tien cua bae dai hpc, tao thoi qua dio tao, li chu the cua qua trinh dio tao. quen, niem say me trong nghien ciiu khoa hpc, Do vay, nha traong nen khich le giing vien ttr dd titng budc tao ra nhflng san pham khoa giang day theo phuang phap tich cue, kich hge cd y nghia ung dung vi gii tri ly lu?n. thich tu duy dpc lap vi sing tao trong hpc tap De tao dieu kien nghien CUB khoa hgc trong v i nghien cim khoa hpc, khuyen khich thay sinh vien, tradng dai hpc cin phii phoi hgp giao, cd giio dinh gii ket qui hgc tap cua sinh vdi cac CO quan quan ly khoa hpc, ky thuit, vien thdng qua thio luan qua viec lam nhdm, t i chiic cic cupe hpi thao khoa hpc hoac tham t i va dac biet can trin trgng y kiin ca nhan. gia vao cic cuoc hpi thao ay, coi dd la each tao mdi tradng va khong khi nghien ciiu khoa 2.1.5 Ve ca sa vat chat cua ddo tao. thiic khoa hgc trong sinh vien. Can xda bd cic quy dinh rap khudn, miy mdc nham triet tieu cae dgng l\tc sing t^o.. N ( ; H I E N c u u - T R A O OOI. hpc trong cac tradng d?i hpc. Cin tip cho sinh vien tu duy phan bipn, tranh lu|n, tdn trgng y kien da chieu de cudi cung cd nhiing y kiin, nhflng tu duy tot nhit. Hgc di ddi vdi hinh, tri - hanh - dat nhan li vay.. hdi qua vifc md rOng cic co sd dao tao, nang cao vai trd tvr chu, tir chiu trich nhiem cua cic CO sd dao tao qua vipc dat ra cac chuan bat bugc. Xa hpi se sang Igc, dinh gii qua co che thi tradng.. 2.3 Ve hgp tdc quoc te Sdng trong boi canh cua sij hdi nhap ngiy cing sau sic va toin dien hi$n nay, vi$e dao tao khdng the don dgc ma phai hgp tic va li6n ket d cac muc dp khic vdi cac tradng dai hpc v i cac vien nghien ciiu tren thi gidi. Tfl dd tradng ed thi md rdng, khdng chi la tam nhin m i cdn tao ra cac kenh thdng tin thdng thoing d8 thu nhan nhiing kien thuc mdi. Chung ta phai xem nhflng thinh tim vi khoa hpc v i ky thuat ciia cic nudc la tai san chung cua nhan Ipai va nhiing nudc cham phit trien, nhu nudc ta can phai nhanh chdng tiep thu, ke thua de phit trien.. 3. Kit lu|n. Di cd thi d^t dugc diiu dd, cin thiet phai sdm xda bd bao cip trong dio tao, xda bd svr bit cdng trong vifc cip kinh phi theo dau sinh vien v i tat ca cic sinh vien phai binh dang trong vifc thu hudng tin dvmg sinh vien, nghia la bang cich vay vin di trang trii hgc phi, Nha nude chi nen cip hge bdng cho sinh vien gidi, gia dinh gap hoin canh khd khan, nhumg gia dinh chinh sach.. Tren day li nhiing yeu td quan trgng trong vice dao tao nguin nhan luc cd chit lugng, xay dvmg dgi ngil nhin tii cho dit nudc. Di dat dugc nhiing ky vgng tren ngoii nhflng cd ging cua bin than cic tradng dai hgc, cin cd nhutig ddi mdi quan trpng, trong dd chinh sach quan ly vT md nhu: - Thuc hien cdng bing xa hdi trong giao due va dao tao, bang cich diy manh xa hpi hda giio due, md rdng quy md v i loai hinh dao tao. - Nha nudc chu yeu chi dio tao nhan tii, tinh hoa cua dat nudc, cdn lai nen giao cho xa. BSn canh viec diy manh xa hdi hda giao dvic, can phai phit huy va tao dieu kien cho nhirng sang kien, y tudng mdi dugc sinh sdi niy nd, qua viec td chiic nhieu hgi thio, hgi nghi khoa hgc di bin bac tham gia, gdp y, phin bien nhung vin di phvic vu thiit thvrc eua cudc sdng. Vdi suy nghT ndi tren, trong pham vi hep cua bai viet nay, cd le la chua day du, tuy nhien du sao day ciing li cich tiep can den mpt van de cd tam quan trpng dac biet trong viec gdp phan nang cao viec dio tao ngudn nhan Ivrc cd chat lupng cao, xay dvmg xa hdi cdng nghiep trong thdi gian sap tdi. Tracmg Dai hpc Kinh te Cdng nghiep Long An vdi tieu chi "Tri hinh dat nhan" se phan diu de gdp mpt phan nhd v i tich cvrc vao muc tieu neu tren.. M,«J.lillMHI!LJ*agBBiWa!1. NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOl. Tdi lieu tham khdo [1]. Nghi quyit sd 29-NQ-TW Hgi nghi lin thu 8, BCHTW khda XI vi ddi mdi can ban vi toan dien giao dvic v i dio tao nhim dap irng yeu ciu CNH-HDH trong dieu kien kinh ti thi tradng dinh hudng XHCN v i hdi nhip qudc te. [2]. Phuang phdp tang cuang khd ndng tir duy sdng tgo, http://»Tvw.khoahoctre.com,vn/ eomponent/content/category/47.html?layout=blog. [3]. Nguyen Van Thien, Mot so phuang phdp gidng dgy mai nham phdt trien tu duy sdng tgo cho nguai hoc. Tap chi nghien ciru van hda sd 3, Tradng Dai hgc Van hda Ha Ngi. Ngay nhfin: 10/12/2015 Ngiy duyft dang: 04/01/2016. UM^immkiMJAiiiBmBm.