KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
IMGHIEIXi CUU CAC DOIXIG L U A B A T DUC D U C Dl TRUYEIV IVlAlXI CAIVI IXIHIET DO (TGIVIS), DOIXIG CHD PHAIM V A
K H A IMAIXIGKET H O P CUA CHUIXIG THDIMG
O U A CAC T d H O P L A I F l
Nguyen Van Cirong^
T O M T A T
Trong nghien cuu da sir dung 14 dong TGMS, trong do c6 2 dong nhap noi, 12 dong trong nucrc va 2 doi chiing la 103', 135' va 8 dong R de danh gia tuyen chon cac dong bo me uu tu, co kha nang ke't hpp (KNKH) cao de lai va chon mot so to hop lai moi trien vong. Phuong phap lai dau dong (Topcross) duoc su dung de danh gia KNKH chung va rieng (GCA va SCA). Thi nghiem duoc thuc tai Vien Nghien cuu Liia - Truong Dai hpc Nong nghiep Ha Npi va tai Trung tam Khao nghiem Giong cay trong Hung Yen. Thai gian thuc hi6n tu nam 2008-2010. So lieu duoc xu ly tren may tinh theo chuong trinh Excel, IRRISTAT 4.0. Quy trinh thi nghiem dupc tien hanh theo Vien Nghien ci'ru Liia Quoc te (IRRI). Ket qua cho thay: (1) co 4 dong TGMS moi (Eg, En, Ei2.n. E14.21) trien vpng, ngin ngay (92-107 ngay), liin den ban liin. Ty le vuon voi nhuy cao (72,6-92,1%), kha nang nhan phan ngoai kha; (2) co 4 dong bo co nhieu dac diem nong sinh hpc tot, ban liin (99,4 - 111,9 cm), than viing, bong dep va chong do tot, phuc hoi phan rat tot; (3) con lai Fj giua cac dong TGMS moi voi 2 dong bo (151-1, 161-1) c6 TGST n g ^ hon doi chiing, ban liin (89,3-117,5 cm), chiu benh dao on, b^nh kho van; (4) co 5 dong me c6 GCA cao a nang suat ca the; 2 to hpp co SCA cao ve so bong/khom va khoi lupng 1000 hat; 6 to hpp co SCA cao ve nang suat ca the; (5) co 5 to hpp lai vupt troi so voi doi chiing.
TuVh6a:. Ddng TGMS, ddng R, kha nang ket hop chung, khi nang ket hop rieng, to hop, ddng trien vong.
I. DAT VAN DE
Lua la mot trong nhiing cay lirong thuc chu yeu duoc trong tu lau doi cua hang ty nguoi tren the gioi, d$c biet la 0 chau A. Vi vay, viec nghien ciiu phat trien cay liia dang la van d^ mang y nghia thuc tiln Ion d^ nang cao nang suat, chat lugng va kha n i n g thich ling rpng trong do, cong tac giong dong vai tro dac biet quan trong. Chon tao gidng bang su dung tru the lai a liia da duoc thuc hien thanh cong a nhieu nuoc nhu My, An Dp, Nhat Ban va Trung Quoc.
O Vi$t Nam, nghien ctru lua lai da duoc thuc hien ttr nhirng nam 90 cua the ky 20. Nang suat liia lai cao Hon so voi liia thuan khoang 20 - 30% o nhimg viing CO dieu kien sinh thai phii hpp. Viec nghien ciiu de tim ra cac dong me bat due due di truyin man cam nhiet dp (TGMS) va dong bd nang suat cao va khang bf nh tdt co nhieu bien phap nhtmg cong tac chpn gidng khang benh dupc coi la tdi tm. Tren co so ngudn vat lieu R mang gien khang bac la, Truong Dai hpc Nong nghiep Ha Npi (DHNNHN) da chpn tao dupc mpt sd to hpp liia lai hai ddng mdi mang gien khang b6nh bac la. Trudc khi dtra ra san xuat va de
Khoa Nong hpc, Truong D^i hpc Nong nghiep Ha Npi
hieu sau them cac td hpp lai, viec "Khao sat cac ddng lua TGMS (me), dong R va khi nSng ket hcrp thong qua to hgp lai giQa chung" la khau dac biet quan trpng. Qua do danh gia cac ddng, tuyen chpn cac ddng TGMS va bd tm tii nhat, cd kha nang ket hpp cao de chpn dupc mot sd td hpp lai mdi trien vpng.
L VAT UEU VA PHUONG P H A P N G H » i CUU
i.vatlifu
- 14 ddng TGMS (2 ddng nhap npi (El, E8), 12 dong chpn tao trong nudc: E9, ElO, E l l , E12.1, E12.8, E12.11, E12.17, E13.1, E14.18, E14.21, va 2 ddi chiing la 103^
1350 mdi dupc nghidn ciru, chpn tao tai Vien Nghien cim Liia - Trudng DHNNHN va tai Trung tam Khao nghiem Gidng cSy trdng Van Lam - Hung Y6n.
- 18 ddng bd (142-1. 143-1, 144-1, 145-1, 146-1, 147-1, 148-1, 149-1,150-1151-1, 157-1, 159-1, 161-1, 190-1,220-1,221-1,110,137).
2. Phuong phdp nghidn ctiu
- Thi nghiem de danh gia cac dong TGMS dupc bd tri theo phuong phap khao sat tap doan, khong nhac lai. Cac ddng TGMS dupc gieo lam 3 lan (each nhau 3 ngay) de cd t h i ghep cap voi cac ddng bd b vu miia 2009 tai Tnidrng Dai hpc Nong nghiep Ha Ndi;
Mat dp cay: 33 k h d m / m ^ khoang cdch 12x25 cm. Cay 1 danh/khdm.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 5/2011
- Sir dung 28 to hpp lai Fj va 3 ddi chirng (Viet Lai 24, Bdi Tap Son Thanh va Nhi uu 838) d l xac dinh uu the lai va kha nang kit hgp ciia cac ddng TGMS vdi cac ddng bd. Thi nghiem dugc tien hanh vao vu xuan nam 2010.
3. Phtrong phdp xu ly sd li^u
Sd Ufu thu thap dupc xii ly trfn may vi tinh theo chuang trinh Excel. Sir dung chuang trinh phan tich va IRISTART4.0 va "Line x Tester" ver 2.0 ciia Nguyin Dinh Hiin (1996) d l danh gia kha nang kit hap (KNKH).
I L KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
1. Kit qud nghito cuu cdc ddng TGMS
a. Mpt sd tinh trang sd lirong cua cac dong me trong thi nghiem
Kit qua a bang 1 cho thay, cdc ddng trong thi nghiem de khoe, sd nhdnh tdi da ciia cdc ddng biln ddng tir 7,0-10,7 nhdnh/khdm, trong dd ddng E14.21 cd sd nhdnh tdi da cao nhat (10,7 nhdnh), ddng E13.1 cd sd nhanh tdi da thap nhat (7,0 nhdnh). Da sd cdc ddng cd sd nhanh it hon ddi chiing tir 0,1-2,8 nhdnh, cdc ddng E^^ig, E14.21 cd sd nhdnh tuong duong vdi 2 ddi chiing 103% 135^ Sd nhdnh hihi hifu ciia cdc ddng dao dpng tir 6,2 nhdnh (Ex3.i) din 8,6 nhdnh
(E14.21). Cac ddng TGMS cd chieu cao cay thap, cd kha ndng chdng dd tdt va rat y nghia trong san xuat hat lai vi nd tao ra tu thi nhan phan cua ddng bd tdt hon. Ndm ddng (Ei^i, Ei2«, Ei^u. E:2-i7, E13) cd chieu cao thuoc nhdm lim (60,&63,2 cm) tuong duong voi 2 ddi chiing (62,9 cm, 60,4 cm). Cdc ddng cdn lai thudc nhdm ban lim (72,4-83,7 cm). Nhu vay, voi chilu cao trung binh ciia ddng m^ cd thi tao ra dugc cdc td hpp lai cd chilu cao thudc nhdm bdn lim- mdt trong nhting tieu chuan quan trgng cua mo hinh cay liia ly tudng. Sd Id tren than chinh Of miic tnmg binh, dao ddng tir 12,7 Id (E13.1) din 15,5 la (Ey). So vai 2 ddi chiing 103^ vd 135^ (14,2 vd 13,9 Id), 5 ddng (E7, Eg, Eg; E14.18, E14.21) co sd la trin than chinh cao han tir 0,6-1,6 la, cdc ddng me cdn lai deu cd sd Id thap hon hodc tuong duong vdi 2 ddi chiing. Mat khde, cdc ddng cd thdi gian tir gieo din trd 5% cd quan ht vdi sd Id trdn than chinh. Cdc ddng cd giai doan ndy dai thi sd Id cung Idn, vi du nhu ddng E7 cd thdi gian tir gieo din trd 5% ddi nhat (69 ngdy) thi sd la cung lan nhat (15,5 Id) va ngupc lai ddng E13.1 cd thdi gian tir gieo din trd 5% ngdn nhat (54 ngdy) thi sd Id ciing nhd nhat (12,8 Id).
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Bang 1. M6t sd tinh Ten
ddng
E7
E«
E9 Eio
E„
Em
E12.8 E12.11 E12.17 E13-1 E14.18 E14.21
103^ (d/c) 135'(d/c)
Sd nhdnh
tdi da 8,8 9,1 8,3 8,2 7,5 8.4 8,5 8,7 8,3 7,0 9,7 10.7
9,8 10.2
trang sd lugng thdi gian Sd nhdnh
htru hiSu 7,4 7,8 7,5 7,2 6.3 7,0 7,3 7,9 7,2 6,2 8,2 8,6 7,8 8,2
Chilu cao cay (cm)
72,4 73,1 83,7 75,6 74,8 62,6 63.2 62,5 62,7 60,5 75,6 78,4 62,9 60,4
sinh trudng ciia cdc ddng Sdld
than chinh
15,5 15,4 14,5 13,2 13,5 12,8 13,5 13,2 13,8 12,7 15,3 15,4 14,2 13,9
Thdi gian tir gieo din trd
5% (ngay) 69 68 60 55 55 57 63 63 60 54 65 67 65 63
m? dr vu mua ndm 2(X)9 Thdi
gian trd (ngay)
7 7 6 7 8 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 7 6
Thdi gian sinh trudng
(ngdy) 107 105 97 94 96 95 99 99 95 92 103 106 102 100
Thdi gian tro cua ddng me trong thi nghiSm dao dilu ki^n ngoai canh va cdc bong liia se ddng diu ddng khdng ddng k l tir 6-8 ngay. Cdc ddng thudc han, tuy nhien nlu thdi gian trd ddi thi cdc ddng me nhdm E12, E9 va ddi chiing 135^ cd thdi gian tro ngdn lai cd thi nhan duoc nhilu phan hon, viec bd tri thdi nhat (6 ngay), cdc ddng Ejo, E14.18, Ei4.2i cd thdi gian gian no hoa triing khdp v.71 bd se d l dang han.
tro dai nhat (8 ngay). Thdi gian trd cdng ngdn, cdc b. MotsodSc didm v& bong cua cac dong TGMS ddng tro cang tap trung thi cang it bj dnh hudng ciia croiig vu miia ndm 2009
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN
N 6 N G T H 6 N- KY 2 - THANG 5/201 1
KHOA HOC CbNG NGHE Mpt ddng me tdt ngoai nhtrng ddc diem phan
tich d tren chung can phai co mdt cau tnic bong dep.
Ket qua d l)ang 2 cho thay, chilu dai bong ciia cac ddng dao ddng tir 18,62 cm (ddng E12.1) den 27,42 cm (dong E,4.2,). Nam ddng (E7, Ei2.„, E13.,, Ei4.,8, E14.21) cd chieu dai bong dai hon ca 2 ddi chung, ddng Eg co chieu dai bong thap hon ddi chimg 103" nhung cao
hon ddi chimg 135', cac ddng cdn lai deu cd chieu dai bong thap hon ca 2 ddi chung. Sd lieu d bang 2 cho thay trung binh sd hat tren bong cua cac ddng theo doi dao dpng tir 194,2 hat (ddng E^) din 272,3 hat (ddng E14.21), da sd cac ddng cd sd hat tren bong thap hon ca 2 ddi chimg, ngoai trir ddng Ejo, En, Ei4.,8, £,4.
21 CO sd hat tren bong cao hon.
Bang 2. Ddc diim ciia b6ng vd ty 1$ thd vdi nhuy vd kha nang nhdn phdn ngodi ciia ddng m?
(vu xudn ndm 2009)
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Ten dong
Ey E8 E9 Eio Eu
E,2., E l 2-8 E12-II E12-I7
E,:,,,
E14-18 E14-21
103'^(d/c) 135'(d/c)
Chieu dai ngam ddng
(cm) -9,97 -11,95 -10,46 -11,92 -11,70 -10,83 -11,70 -7,00 -10,69 -8,27 -7,89 -6,56 -7,59 -10,70
Chieu dai bong
(cm) 26,97 23,15 21,04 19,87 20,11 18,62 20,11 24,15 19,25 24,19 26,27 27,42 23,69 22,95
Sd hat/
bong 200,1 194,1 197,8 255,7 220,4 208,9 220,4 194,9 213,9 228,3 263,2 272,3 212,3 231,8
Mat do hat (hat/
cm) 7,4 8,4 9,4 12,9 11,0 11,2 11,0 8,1 11,1 9,4 10,0 9,9 9,0 10,1
Ty le vuon voi nhuy, (%)
Vuon 1 ben 20,9 24,3 28,1 12,5 23,1 31,0 26,4 23,4 19,6 22,2 30,4 27,9 22,1 33,4
Vuon 2 ben 58,6 60,3 60,4 60,1 63,0 57,1 60,1 64,2 70,2 62,4 56,3 62,1 68,8 57,2
Tdng 79,5 84,6 88,5 72,6 86,1 88,1 86,5 87,6 89,8 84,6 86,7 90,0 90,9 90,6
Ty le dau hat, (X) Voi
161- 1 35,6 33,7 45,3 30,8 40,2 37,3 38,6 43,2 42,8 28,6 44,5 45,5 65,6 52,8
Voi 151- 1 37,2 40,5 46,6 38,3 40,0 50,8 50,0 50,7 54,4 51,3 46,8 48,6 50,2 58,3
Trung binh
36,4 37,1 45,9 34,5 40,1 44,0 44,3 46,9 48,6 39,9 45,6 47,0 57,9 55,5 c. Ty le tlio voi nhuy va kha ning nhan phan
ngoai cua cac dong me
Sd lieu d bang 2 cho thay ty le voi nhuy vuon 1 phia dao dpng tir 12,5% (EIO) din 31,0% (Em), trong dd cac ddng E7, Eio, E12.17 co ty le voi nhuy vuon mpt phia thap hon ca 2 ddi chimg, cac ddng cdn lai cd ty le vdi nhuy vuon mdt phia cao hon ddi chirng 103* va thap hon ddi chimg 135*. Ty le vuon vdi nhuy 2 phia cua cac ddng cao hon ty le vuon vdi nhuy 1 phia.
Trong dd dong E12.17 cd ty le vdi nhuy vuon 2 phia cao nhat (70,2%) cao hon ca 2 ddi chimg, dong E14.18 cd ty le vdi nhuy vuon 2 phia thap nhat (56,3%). Nhu vay, ty le thd vdi nhuy cua ddng E,o la thap nhat (72,6%), ddng E,4 2i dat cao nhat (90,1%).
Kha ndng nhan phan ngodi Id mpt ddc diem quan trpng cua ddng me, nd phu thupc vdo ty le vuon vdi nhuy. Danh gia kha ndng nhan phan ngoai thong qua ty le dau hat ciia cdc ddng me. Ty le ddu hat cua cdc ddng me dao dpng tir 34,5% (Ejo) din 47,0% (E14.21). ty 11 nay d miic trung binh. Tat ca cdc ddng me trong
thi nghiem deu cd ty le dau hat thap hem so voi 2 ddi chirng. Dieu nay cho thay cac ddng me cd ty le vuon voi nhuy cao thi ty le nhan phan ngoai ciing cao va ngupc lai ty le vuon voi nhuy tha'p thi ty le nhan phan ngoai cung thap.
2. Kit qud nghien ciiu cdc ddng bd (ddng cho phdn) trong vu miia ndm 2009
a. Chieu cao cay va thoi gian qua cac giai doan Sd lieu d bang 3 cho thay dong bd cd chilu cao cay cao hon ddng me. Tuy nhien chieu cao cay qua cao cung khong tdt vi dl dd khi gdp gid Idn. Chieu cao cay cua da sd ddng bd thupc nhom ban lim (101 - 110 cm) la ly tudng de cd tu the truyen phan tdt nhat. Co 4 ddng co chieu cao cay nhd hon 100 cm.
Thdi gian trd cua cdc dong 143-1, 147-1, 151-1, 161-1 tuong ddi phii hpp (3-4 ngay) tuong tu nhu ddi chirng R9311. Cdc ddng cdn lai cd thdi gian trd 5-6 ngay. Thdi gian tir gieo din trd cua cdc ddng bd bien dpng tir 81-93 ngay. Thdi gian trd cua cdc ddng bd rat quan trpng trong san xuat hat lai. Neu thdi gian trd
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 5/2011
KHOA HOC CONG NGHi
CLia cac ddng bd keo dai thi ddng me cd the nhan phan lau song chat lupng hat phan cang vl sau cang kem, nguoc lai thai gian tro qua ngdn cung gay nhilu kho khan cho viec dieu chinh dl me cd thi nhan dupc du lupng phan can thiet trong san xuat hat lai.
Thdi gian tro cua cac ddng bd phii hpp nhat tir 3 - 4 ngay. Thdi gian sinh trudng (TGST) cua cac ddng bd bien dpng tir 110-123 ngay. Trong dd, ddng 219-1 cd TGST ngdn nhat la 110 ngay. Ddng 110 cd TGST dai nhat la 123 ngay. Cac ddng cdn lai cd TGST bien dpng tir 111-120 ngay. Cac ddng nghien cim diu cd TGST xep vao nhdm ngdn va trung ngay.
Bang 3. Chilu cao cay va thdi gian qua cdc giai doan I T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ddng
142-1 143-1 147-1 151-1 157-1 159-1 161-1 219-1 220-1 221-1 110 137 R9311(dc)
Chilu cao cay
(cm) 101,7 103,9 107,3 102,1 100,3 99,4 102,7
98,5 101,5
98,7 101,4
98,5 104,7
Thai gian tir gieo -
trd 5%
(ngay) 88 87 81 81 87 85 87 81 87 87 93 90 89
Thai gian trd
(ngay) 6 4 3 4 5 5 4 5 6 6 6 6 4
Thai gian sinh trudng
(ngay) 118 117 111 111 117 115 117 110 117 117 123 120 119 b. Nang suat va cac yeu td caiu thanh ning suat ciia mgt so dong bd tuyen chgn
Ndng suat Id muc tieu hang dau cua cdc nha chpn gidng. Dl cd mdt td hpp lai tdt, ndng suat cao thi trudc hit cac ddng bd phai cd cac ddc diim tdt vl cac tinh trang nang suat vd cac yeu td cau thdnh nang suat (sd bong/khdm, sd hat/bong, ty le hat chdc, khdi lupng 10(X) hat) dupc di truyen cho con lai. Sd lieu d bang 4 cho thay sd bong/khdm cua ddng 151-1 cao nhat (7.2). ddng 110 cd sd bong/khdm thap nhat (5,6). Ddng 221-1 cd sd hat/bdng Idn nhat (249,3 hat). Ddng 219-1 cd sd hat/bong thap nhat dat 172,0 hat. Ddng 161-1 cd ty le hat chdc cao nhat (87,6%). Khdi luang 1000 hat Id tinh trang di truyen tuong ddi dn dinh cua mdi
gidng, gdp phan nang cao ndng suat. Ddng ddi chiing R9311 cd khdi luang 1000 hat cao nhat, dat 27,2 g;
ddng 139-1 cd khdi lugng 1000 hat thap nhat, dat 21,7g. Cdc ddng cdn lai cd khdi lupng 1000 hat bien ddng tir 21,8-27 g. Ndng suat cd the cua cac ddng bien dpng ttr 2,4-30,7 g/khdm. Trong dd, cd rat nhieu ddng cd ndng suat cd the Idn hon ddi chiing R9311 d mirc sai khde cd y nghia nhu: 151-1 (30,7 g/khdm), 161-1 (28,1 g/khdm).
Bar TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
i g 4 . N
Dong 142-1 143-1 147-1 151-1 157-1 159-1 161-1 219-1 220-1 221-1 110 137 R9311 (dc)
CV,%
LSD
dng suS Sd bong/
khom 6,7 6,9 6,2 7,2 6,0 6,3 6,1 6,0 6,4 7,0 5,6 6,2 6,0
t vd cdc y So hat/bong
198,9 229,7 212,5 209,7 216,9 212,1 222,6 172,0 202.6 249,3 223,8 218,8 208,3
eutdc
Tyle hat chdc
(%) 84,9 79,8 79,7 83,9 83,9 85,5 87,6 85,8 75,9 68,1 78,4 85,1 79,0
au thd]
Khoi lupng
1000 hat(g)
22,6 21,7 25,0 27,0 24,5 24,6 24,8 23,8 22,9 22,4 26,2 24,4 27,2
ih nang sua Nang suat
ca the (g/khom)
25,8 27,8 28,7 30,7 26,0 27,0 28,1 22,4 26,1 26,9 24,8 27,3 26,7 2,6 1,2 3. Kit qua nghien ciiu cdc td hgp lai a. Dac diem sinh tnidng ctia cac tdhgp lai Tir sd lieu bang 5 cho thay TGST cua cac td hop lai dao dpng tir 95 ngdy (E13.1/I6I-I) din 120 ngay (E14.21/I5I-I). Cdc td hop diu sinh trudng tdt. Nhin chung, cdc td hop cd bd Id 161-1 cd chilu cao cay thap hon cdc td hpp cd bd Id 151-1. Chilu cao cay cua cdc td hpp dao dpng tir 89,8+3,4 cm (E12.1/I6I-I) din 117,5±2,1 cm (Ei4.2ixl51-1) thupc dang bdn lim. Sd nhdnh trung binh cua cdc td hgp tuang ddi lan. dao dpng tir 6.4 nhdnh (Ei3.,/151-l) den 11,5 nhdnh
(E9/I6I-I), trong dd cd 6 td hpp: E9/I6I-I, Eio/161-1, Ei2.,/161-l, E12VI6I-I. Ei2.„/161-l, Ei2.u/161-l cd sd nhanh tdi da Idn hon cd 3 ddi chiing. Cdc td hap lai cdn lai cd sd nhdnh tuong duong vai 2 ddi chirng Nhi uu 838 vd Viet Lai 24.
NONG NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 5/2011
KHOA HOC CbNG NGHE
Bang 5. Ddc diim sinh trudng cua
Td hop lai
E7XI6I-I EgXl61-l E9XI6I-I E„pcl61-1 5E„xl61-l E,2.,xl61-1 E12.8XI6I-I Ei2.,ixl61-1 Ei2.,7Xl61-l E13.1XI6I-I E14.18XI6I-I Ei4.2,xl61-1 103^161-1 135'xl61-l BTST(d/c) VL24(d/c) Nhi uu 838 (d/c) E7XI5I-I
E8X151-1 Ecpcl51-1 E,„xl51-1 E„xl51-1 Ei2.,xl51-1 Ei2.gxl51-1 E,.M,xl51-l E12.17XI5I-I E,^,xl51-1 Ei4_,8Xl51-l E,4.2,xl51-1 103^151-1 135^151-1
Chilu cao cay (cm) X ± s 100,9±3,6 101,1+1,7 110,6+2,9 95,3±2,0 112,4+3,0
89,8+3,4 94,2+4,4 93,2+2,7 100,3+3,0
92,8+4,2 112,0+2,9 114,3+3,2 95,6+2,0 95,4+2,8 101,7+2,1
96,7+1,8 107,5+2,5 115,2±4,0 115,7±4,2 115,8+3,7 113,8+4,6 117,3+3,5 105,6+3,2 107,1+3,0 100,2+2,8 112,0+2,6 109.6+3,5 115,8±2,5 117,5±2,1 101,8±3,0 94,0 ±3,1
Sd nhanh X + s 9,3+1,9 8,4+1,2 11,5+1,1 10,0+1,1 7,7+1,2 10,0+1,6
9,4+1,2 10,2+1,1
9,5+1,3 7,5+0,8 8,2+1,2 8,6+1,3 7,8+1,2 8,2+1,1 9,3+1,0 7,5+0,8 8,9±1,2 8,5+1,1 8,2+1,3 7,2+1,1 9,0+1,4 7,8+1,2 8,0+1,3 7,8+1,1 8,2+1,1 7,5+1,2 6,4+0,7 8,7±1,1 8,3+1,2 7,5±1,1 7,8+1,1
cdc td hpp lai trong vu xudn ndm 2010 Thdi gian tir
gieo - trd 5%
(ngay) 78 77 71 70 74 66 69 70 73 64 74 75 69 73 78 70 74 80 82 78 76 79 74 78 77 80 73 86 88 78 76
Thdi gian sinh trudng
(ngay) 109 108 103 102 106 97 100 101 104 95 105 107 97 100 107 100 105 113 115 110 108 111 104 109 108 112 103 118 120 110 108
Dai bong (cm) X+s 28,1+1,0 28,1+1,5 27,4+1,0 27,4+1,4 28,4+1,9 23,9+1,1 23,2+1,0 24,6+0,9 23,7+1,1 22,9+0,9 25,8+1,0 26,3+0,9 23,4+0,8 25,3+0,9 26,4+0,7 27,3+0,8 25,7+1,1 26,8+1,2 28,6+1,2 27,1+0,9 25,1+1,2 28,5+1,1 27,6+0,9 27,2+1,1 28,4+0,9 26,9+1,0 27,0+1,2 29,4+0,7 28,9+0,9 27,6+0,7 28,3+0,8 Cdc td hpp cd bd la 161-1 cd thdi gian sinh
trudng ngdn hon cdc td hpp cd bd la 151-1, dien hinh la cac td hop: Ei^i/161-1, Ei2.,/161-l, 103V161-1 cd thdi gian sinh trudng ngdn hon cd 3 ddi chirng tir 5-12 ngay, cdc td hpp Ei2.g/161-l, 135V161-1 cd thdi gian sinh trudng ngdn han 2 doi chimg Id BTST vd Nhi uu 838 va bdng thdi gian sinh trudng cua Viet Lai 24.
Ngupc lai thi hau hit cac td hpp cd bd la 151-1 cd tlidi gian sinh trudng Idn hon cd 3 ddi chiing (chi cd td hpp E,2.,/151-l va E,3.,xl51-1 cd TGST ngdn hon 2 ddi chiing BTST va Nhi uu 838). Da sd cdc td hpp cd bd la 151-1 diu cd chieu ddi bong idn hon cdc td hpp
cd bd la 161-1. Chilu ddi bong cua cdc td hpp dao dpng tir 22,9 cm (E13.1/I6I-I) den 29,4 cm (E,4.i8/151- 1), trong dd da sd cdc td hgp cd chilu ddi bong Idn hon 25 cm.
b. Ning suat va cac yeu td cau thanh nAng suit ctia cac to hgp lai trong vu xuan nim 2010
Tir 28 td hgp lai, 10 td hgp tdt dupc chpn dl so sdnh. Sd lieu d bang 6 cho thay sd bong/khom Idn thudng se cho ndng suat cao. Vi du td hpii E9/161-1 cd sd bong/khdm Idn nhat (9,9) vd cd ndng suat cd the Idn nhat (32,1 g/khdm). Sd bong/khdm dupc chia lam 4 nhdm la a, ab, b, c. Trong dd td hgp
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NON&THON - KY 2 - THANG 5/2011
Ey/161-1 cd sd bong/khom cao nhat (nhdm c), td hpp 135V151-1 cd sd bong/khdm thap nhat (6,7) thupc nhdm a, cdc td hop E]o/161-l, E12.1/I6I-I cd sd bong/khdm tuong duong vai ddi chung Bdi Tap Son Thanh (8,2) thudc nhdm b, cdc td hgp cdn lai cd sd bong/khdm tuong duong vdi 2 ddi chimg Viet Lai 24 va Nhi tru 838 thupc nhdm ab. Nhin chung cac td hop nay cd sd bong tren khdm dao dpng tir 6,7 den 9,9.
Sd hat/bong dao dpng tir 192,9 - 257,9. Nhin chung, cac td hop trong thi nghiem cd sd hat/bong khd cao, cao hon ca 2 ddi chimg Viet Lai 24 va Nhi im 838. Sdu to hap (E9/I6I-I, E,2.i/161-l, E,2.n/151-l, Ej^ig/lSl- 1, E,4.2i/151-l, E14.21/I6I-I) cd sd hat/bong cao hon ca 3 ddi chung. Ty le hat chdc cua cdc td hop dupc xep thanh 3 nhdm a, ab vd b. Da sd cdc td hpp trong thi nghiem duac xep vao nhdm ab (cd ty le hat chdc 86,8% - 93,9%) tuong duong vdi 2 ddi chung Bdi Tap Son Thanh vd Nhi uu 838. Co 1 td hop cd ty le hat
Bang 6. Ndng sudt vd cdc yiu td cju thanh ndng
chdc xIp vao nhdm b Id E14.21/I6I-I tuong duong voi ddi chimg Viet Lai 24. Cdc td hpp cd khdi lupng 1000 hat dao dpng khd Idn (26,2- 31,6 g). Da sd cdc td hpp cd khdi lupng 1000 hat tuong ddi Idn (27- 28 g) Ion han 2 ddi chimg Bdi Tap Son Thanh vd Viet Lai 24, dien hinh cd 3 td hpp (E14.21/I6I-I. E14.21/I5I-I, E14.
18/151-1) cd khdi lupng 1000 hat Idn hon 31 g va cao han ca 3 ddi chimg. Ndng suat ca thi tuong ddi Ion tir 28 g/khdm (E14.21/I6I-I) den 32,1 g/khdm
(E9/I6I-I) vd dupc xIp thdnh 3 nhdm la a, ab, b.
Trong dd cd 3 td hap (E9/I6I-I; E,o/161-l; Ei4.2,/151- 1) thudc nhdm b cd ndng suat cd the tir 30,3 g/khdm din 32,1 g/khdm cao hon ca 3 ddi chirng. Cdc td hpp cdn lai cd ndng suat cd the thudc nhdm ab (28,3 - 30,2 g/khdm) cao hon ddi chiing Viet Lai 24 (nhdm a) va tuong duong vdi 2 ddi chiing Bdi Tap Son Thanh va Nhi uu 838.
sudt cua m6t sd td hgp lai trong vu xudn nam 2010 Td hgp lai
E9X 161-1 E10XI6I-I E,2.,xl61-1
E14.21XI6I-I
135^161-1 EiiX 151-1 E,2.nxl51-1 E14.18XI5I-I Ei4.2iXl51-l 135-^^51-1 BTST(d/c) VL24(d/c) Nhi uu 838(d/c) LSD0,05
CV(%)
TGST (ngay) 103 102 97 105 100 111 108 118 120 108 107 100 105
Sd bong/
khom 9,9^
8,2'' 8,5'' 7,4='' 7.8='' 7.6"'' 7,4"'' 7,6"'' 7,5"'' 6,7"
8,2'' 6,9"'' 7,4"'' 1,2 7,4
Sd hat/
bong 222,7 212,5 249,8 224.4 218,5 216,8 256,9 254,1 257,9 192,9 219.6 173.8 188,3
Tyle hat chac (%)
88,1"'' 92,5"^
91,3"^
95,4'' 92,8"'' 89,9"'' 92,4"'' 86,0^
91.3"'' 93.5"'' 86.8"^
96.0'' 93.9"'' 8,1 3,9
MIOOO (g) 28.4 27.1 27.6 31.5 26,2 28,2 28.4 31,6 31,6 27,0 25.1 24.5 27.8
NSCT (g/khdm)
32.1'' 30.7^
30.2"'' 28,0"'' 30,2"^
27,5"'' 27,3"'' 27 jab 30,3'' 29,4"'' 28.3"'' 26,5"
29,6"'' 3.7 5,8 Ghi chu: TGST:±digian sinh truong; MIOOO: khoilugng 1000 hat; NSCT: ning suit ca the
4. Ddnh gid mdt sd thong sd di truyin nghiem lai dinh, bd me cd su sai khde nhau vl nhilu a. Kit qua phin tich phuong sai theo mo hinh ddc diim di truyin. Qua day cting cho thay su tdc Kempthome (1957) ddng cua ngudn gien ddi vdd su biiu hien cdc tinh Kit qua d bang 7 cho thay phuang sai do con lai trang dupc ddnh gia trong thi nghiem. Phuang sai cd su sai khac d- hau hit cdc tinh trang. Dilu ndy kha ndng kit hop chung (GCA) do ddng a cdc tinh chirng td sir phong phii cua ngudn vdt lieu trong thi trang chilu cao cay, sd hat/bong, khdi luang
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 5/2011
KHOA Hpc CbNG NGHl
Bang 7. Phdn tich phuong sai theo m6 hinh Kempthome (1957) Ngudn
Biln dgng Do cdp lai GCA do L GCA do T SCAdoLxT Sai sd (E)
Phuong sai Chieu cao
cay 250,25 316,33 1912,39"
56,31"
6,49
Sd bong/
khdm 2,07 1,32"^
27,77"
0,84"
0,08
Sd hat/bong 2755,61 4510,74 3663,00"'
930,68"
61,05
Tyle hat chdc
21,89 30,15"' 46,21"' 11,76"' 3,79
MIOOO 9,18 18,49 2,11*
0,41"
0,05
Ndng suat cdthl
19,48 27,23 83,16"
6,84"
0,45 Ghi chu: L: Line (ddngme);T: Tester (dong ho);*: Sai khac co y nghia mijc 5%;**: Sai khac coy nghia miic 1%; ns: khong sai khac
1000 hat vd ndng suat cd the cd su sai khde d mirc y nghia 0.01; cdn ddi vdi tinh trang sd bong/khdm vd ty le hat chdc khong thay cd sir sai khac. Trong khi dd phuang sai do cay thu gdy ra lai thay cd su sai khde d cdc tinh trang chilu cao cdy. sd bong/ khom, ndng suat cd the d miic y nghia 0,01 vd khdi lupng 1000 hat d mirc y nghia 0,05. Cdc tinh trang sd hat/bong vd ty le hat chdc lai khong thay cd su sai khde. Dilu nay thi hien vai trd cua gien cpng tinh cd ddng gdp tich cue trong viec dieu khien d hau hit cdc tinh trang theo doi. Ddi voi vdt lieu thu khong thay su sai khac cua cdc gien cong tinh trong vile dieu khiln cdc tinh trang sd hat/bong vd ty le hat chdc b cdc mirc cd y nghia. Ddi vdi cdc ddng me khong thay cd su sai khac ciia gien cpng tinh trong viec dieu khien cdc tinh trang sd bong/khdm vd ty le hat chdc. Phuang sai do tuong tdc giira ddng va cdy thii cd su sai khde d hau hit cdc tinh trang theo doi d mirc y nghia 0,01; chi cd tinh trang ty le hat chdc Id khong thay cd su sai khde. Ddy Id ca sd de tao ra uu thi lai cua con lai. thi hien vai trd tich cue ciia gien khong cpng tinh trong viec dilu khiln cdc tinh trang ndy. Tir phuong sai kha ndng kit hpp chung do ddng (Line) vd cdy thir (tester) cho thay b tinh trang sd hat/bong do ddng me quyet dinh nhilu hon ddng bd, tinh trang sd bong/khdm do tester (ddng bd) quyit
Bang 8. Gid trj (JCA vd SCA cua
dinh nhieu hon, cdn khdi lupng 1000 hat vd chieu cao cay vd ndng suat cd thi thi vai trd kiim soat tinh trang ndy cua ddng bd vd ddng me Id nhu nhau.
b. Danh gia kha ning ket hgp cua cac ddng bd me
- Kha ning ket hgp chung tren mgt sd tinh tiang cua cac dong borne
Kit qua phdn tich (bang 8) cho thay 6 ddng me cd gid tri KNKH chung (GCA) cao d tinh trang ndng suat cd the (Ei2.n, E12.1. Ei2^ E9 135', vd E,4.2i vdi GCA tuang img la 1,17, 1,44, 1,44, 1,98, 2,33 va 2,88). Ddy la ngudn vat lieu khdi dau tdt dl chpn tao cdc td hpp cd uu thi lai cao vl ndng suat. So dl chiing cd KNKH chung cao d tinh trang ndng sudt cd thi vi mot sd cdc yiu td cau thdnh ndng suat cua chiing cd KNKH chung cao. Vi du ddng Eg cd GCA cua sd bong/
khdm cao nhat dat 1,05 vd ddng E12.1 cd 3 tinh trang cau thdnh ndng suat cd KNKH chung cao la bong/khom (0,33), hat/bong (45.21). hat chdc/bong (38,29). Ddng E12.8 hat/bong (42.21). hat chdc/bong (41,31), ty le hat chdc (2,04). Ddng E12.11 cd bong/khdm (0,45), hat/bong (21,86), hat chdc/bong (20,14). Ddng E14.21 cd 4 tinh trang cd KNKH chung cao Id hat/bong (17,73), hat chdc/bong (17,97) , ty le hat chac (1,92), khdi lupng 1000 hat (3.15).
mpt sd tinh trang cua cdc ddng bd m^
\ Tinh
\ trang Ten \ ddng \
E7 Eg
Gid trj GCA Sd
bong/
khdm -O.OS"'
-0,35 Hat chdc /bdng
-17,43 -35,94
Khdi luong 1000 hat
1.16 2,17
Ndng suat cdthl
-2,10 -4,17
Gid trj SCA Sd bong/khdm Khdi lupng 1000
hat Ndng suat cd the Cdc ddng bd
161-1 -0,54 -0,04"'
151-1 0,54 0,04"'
151-1 -0.39 -0,26"'
161-1 0,39 0,26"'
161-1 -0,39"' -0,06"'
151-1 0,39"' 0,06"' NONG NGHlf P VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 5/2011
E9 Eio
En
E12-1 E12-8 Ei2-n E12.17 Eis-i E14-18 E14-21
103' 135'
LSD05
LSDo, 161-1 151-1
LSD05
LSDo,
1,05 0,37 -0,1"' 0,33 -0,03"'
0,45 0,12"'
-0,90 -0,03"' -0,30"' -0,50 -0,03"'
0,32 0,42 0,57 -0,57 0,45 0,59
-2.56"' 9,82 -11,38
38,29 41,31 20,14 9,31 -14,31 -1,33"' 17,97 -41,59 -12,31 5,58 7,30 -6,11 6,11 2,11 2,76
0,17"' -1,05 -0,13"'
-1,28 -0,76 -0,18"'
-0,48 -1,46 2,98 3,15 -2,48 -1,80 0,25 0,33 -0,16 0,16 0,0032 0,0042
1,98 0,75"' -0,47"'
1,44 1,44 1,17 -0,04"'
-3,24 -0,35"'
2,88 -1,62
2,33 0,76 1,00 0,99 -0,99 0,28 0,37
0,99 0,01"' -0.42"'
0,27"' 0,17"' 0,16"' -0,04"' 0,17"' -0,32"' -0,12"' -0,29"' 0,01"'
-0,54 -0,04"'
-0,99 -0,01"'
0,42"' -0,27"' -0,17"' -0,16"' 0,04"' -0,17"'
0,32"' 0,12"' 0,29"' -0,01"' 0,45 0,59
0,04"' -0,04"' 0,21"' 0,62 0,04"' -0,04"' 0,26"' -0,26"' -0,07"' 0,09"' 0,06"' -0,26"' 0,36 0,46
-0,04"' 0,04"' -0,21"' -0,62 -0,04"'
0,04"' -0,26"' 0,26"' 0,07"' -0,09"' -0,06"' 0,26"' 1,10 1,40
1,68 1,49 1,46 0,32"' 0,26"' 0,36"' 0,50"' -1,15 -1,63 -0,93"'
-1,30 -0,61"'
-1,68 -1,49 -1,46 -0,32"' -0,26"' -0,36"' -0,50"' 1,15 1,63 0,93"' 1,30 0,61"'
Cdc ddng cd KNKH chung cao b sd bong/khom - Danh gia kha ning ket hgp rieng (SCA) nhu ddng Eg, Eio, E12.1, E12.11 cd thi su dung de khai Sd Ueu b bang 8 cho thay 14 td hpp lai tuong img thdc uu die lai vl sd bong/khdm d con lai Fl. Cdc voi 50% co gid tri SCA duong, 50% td hop lai cdn lai co ddng me cd KNKH chung cao b sd hat/bong nhir gid tri SCA dm, dilu ndy thi hien vai trd cua gien ddng Ei2,8, E12.1, Ei2.n va E14.21, vd ddng bd 151-1 vdi cpng tinh cd nghia quan trpng trong viec kiim soat GCA tuong irng Id 41,31, 38,29, 20,14, 17,97 vd 6,6. cdc tinh trang trong cai tien gidng liia. Mdt sd gid tri Cdc con lai cua cdc bd me nay thtrcmg Co sd SCA cua td hpp lai cd uu thi can khai thdc nhu:
hat/bong IrrTx. Cac ddng cd KNKH chung cao vl tinh - SCA chieu cao cay: Cd 2 td hpp lai cd gid tri trang ty le hat chdc nhir Eg, Ei2.g, E14.21, 103', 135' va SCA duong cd y nghia Id Eio/151-1 vd 135'/161-1 vd 2 161-1 nin dupc su dung vdi muc dich tao con lai cd td hpp cd gid tri SCA chilu cao cay dm cd y nghia la ty le hat chdc cao. Eio/161-1 vd 135s/151-l. Cd thi sii dung cdc td hpp
Vdi tinh trang khdi luong 1000 hat, ddng bd 151- ndy tuy thupc vdo muc dich chpn gidng, ddi vdi cdc 1 va cac ddng me E7, Eg. Ei4.ig, E14.21 cd KNKH chung viing dat trung can khai thdc cdc td hpp cd gid tri cao tren tinh trang ndy. cdc ddng ndy rat cd y nghia SCA duong cao, dam bao chilu cao cdy trong dieu trong viec cdi tao khdi lupng 1000 hat ciia cdc td hpp kien nudc sdu. Vdi cdc viing thdm canh nin chon cac lai Fl. Nhu vay, de cd duoc cac td hop lai cd uu thi td hpp lai cd SCA vl chilu cao cay thap, dam bao kha lai cao nin chpn cdc ddng me Id Eg, E12.1. Ei2.g, E12-11, ndng chdng dd trong dilu kien tham canh cao nhu to Ei4.2i. hpp Eio/161-lva 135'/151-1.
Ddng bd 161-1 cd KNKH chung cao ddi vdi tinh - SCA sd bong/khom. Cd 2 td hpp lai Id E7/I5I-I trang sd bong/khdm dat gid tri 0,57. Cdn ddng bd va E9/I6I-I cd SCA duong cd y nghia. Cdc ddng bd 151-1 lai cd KNKH chung cao b chilu cao cay vdi me ndy rat cd lpi trong viec khai thdc uu thi lai theo gid tri 4.77. hat/bong = 6,60, hat chdc/bong = 6,11. hudng tao gidng liia cd sd bong/khdm cao.
Nhung d tinh trang ty le hat chdc/bong, ddng bd 161- - SCA hat chicA>6ng. 6 td hpp cd SCA dat gid trj 1 lai cd KNKH chung cao. dat 0.74 do dd b tinh trang duang cd y nghia a miic 0,01 Id: E7/I6I-I, E8/161-1, ndng suat cd thi ddng bd 161-1 cd KNKH chung cao E12.17/ 161-1,135V161-1, Eio/151-1 va E13.1/I5I-I. Cdc dat 0,99. Nhu vdy mudn chpn con lai cd chieu cao cay td hpp ndy cd cdc ddng bd m? la ngudn vat lieu tdt dang cao, khdi lupng hat Idn, sd hat trin bdng Idn cho vile khai thdc uu thi lai cao theo huang tdng sd can chpn ddng bd la 151-1, cdn mudn chpn con lai cd hat chdc/bong, ddc biit vai cdc td hop cd sd sd bong/khdm Idn, ty le hat chdc cao, ndng suat cd hat/bdng cao thudng cd sd hat lip cao do khdng can thi cao can chpn ddng bd Id 161-1. ddi giira "ngudn" vd "sire chiia".
10 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN
N 6 N GTHON - KY 2 - THANG 5/2011 I
K H O A HOC C b N G N G H £
- SCA khdi lugng 1000 hat: Co 2 td hop cd gid tri SCA duong cd y nghia, dd la: E7/I5I-I vd E12.1/I6I-I, dieu nay the hien cac ddng bd me trong 2 td hpp lai nay rat thuan tien cho viec khai thdc uu thi lai theo huang tang khdi lugng 1000 hat.
- SCA ning suit ca the: 6 td hpp cd gid tri SCA duong CO y nghia d miic 0,01, dd la cac td hpp:
E9/I6I-I, E,o/161-l, E„/161-l, Ei^,g/151-l, 103'/151- 1 va E13.1/I5I-I. Trong cong tac chpn tao gidng liia lai
Bang 9. Ddc diim cdc ddng TGMS. ddng
cdc nha chpn gidng thudng quan tdm nhilu din cdc td hpp cd gid tri SCA cao d tinh trang ndng suat, cdc td hop nay dupc chpn de tiep tuc danh gid va phdt trien gidng mdi.
5. TuyIn chpn cdc ddng TGMS. ddng bd dat muc tieu
Qua theo doi vd ddnh gia so bp tap doan cdc ddng me vd con lai da tuyIn chpn dupc 5 ddng me, 4 ddng bd va 5 td hpp lai triln vpng (bang 9).
bd dupc tuyIn chpn vd td hgp lai triln vpng iMng
T6li^rp4^
Chi ti6u ^ ^ \ ^ TGST vu miia (ngay)
So la tren than chinh Chieu cao cay (cm)
So bong/khom Ty le tho voi nhuy (%)
Ty le dau hat (%) TGSTvu xuan (ngay)
So bong/khom So hat/bong Ty le hat chAc (%) NS ca the (g/khom) Klioi luong 1000 hat (g)
TGMS E,
97 14,5 83,7 7,5 88,5 45,9 107 4,9 179 83,7 13,4 23,8
E„
96 13,5 74,8 6,3 84,1 40,1 100 4,8 167,6
73,4 11,6 24,7
'^\2r\\
99 13,2 62,5 7 87,64 46,95 100 5,1 191,0
64,4 12,9 20,5
^ 1 4 - 2 1
106 15,4 78,4 8,6 90,09 47,05 110 5,3 226,5
76,2 20,3 27,7
B6 147-1
111
- - - - - - 240,3
79,7 - 25,0
151-1 111
- - - - - - 209.7
83,9 - 27,0
159-1 115
- - - - - - 212.0
85,5 - 24,6
161-1 117
- - - - - - 222.6
87,6 - 24,8
T 6 h(pp lai triln vpng
E„/
151-1 111
117,3 7,6
- - - 0 216,8
89,9 27,5 28,2
E12-11'
151-1 108
100,2 7,4
- - - 0 256,9
92,4 27,3 28,4
^^14-19/
151-1 118
115,8 7,6
- - - 0 254,1
86,0 27,7 31,6
'^14-21/
161-1 105
114,3 7,4
- - - 0 224,4
95,4 28,0 31,5
El4.2l/
151-1 120
117,5 7,4
- - - 0 257,9
91,3 30,3 31,6
BTST (d/c)
107
119,6 8,2
- - - 0 101,7
86,8 28,3 25,1 Ddc diem cua cdc td hpp lai triln vpng: 3 td hpp
CO thai gian sinh trudng tuong duong vai ddi chimg Bdi Tap Son Thanh. 2 td hpp cdn lai co thai gian sinh trudng Idn hon ddi chimg tir 11-13 ngdy.
Td hpp E,i/151-l cd sd hat/bong thap hon ddi chimg, cac td hpp cdn lai deu cd sd hat/bong Idn hon ddi chung. Day Id cdc td hpp cd bong to, do vay sd bong/khdm cua cdc td hpp ndy diu thap hon ddi chimg. Tuy nhien sd bong/khdm cua cdc td hpp dupc chpn tuong ddi Idn (7,5 bong/khdm). Bdn trong 5 td hpp lai dupc chpn cd ty le hat chdc cao hon ddi chimg. chi cd td hpp Ei4.ig/151-l cd ty le hat chdc thap hon ddi chirng nhung khong ddng kl (0.8%).
IV. KET LUAN VA BE NGHI 1. Kit ludn
- Cdc ddng me trong thi nghiem cd thdi gian sinh trudng thupc nhdm cue ngdn, dao dpng tir 92- 107 ngay, sd Id/thdn chinh (12,7-15,5 Id), chilu cao cay thudc nhdm liin din bdn liin, bp Id dung, de
nhdnh gpn vd khoe. Ty le thd vdi nhuy cao, khd ndng nhan phan ngodi khd.
- Co 4 ddng bd cd nhilu ddc diim tdt va khdng benh bac Id cao la: 147-1, 151-1, 159-1. 161-1. TGST cila cdc ddng bd thudc nhdm ngdn vd trung ngdy (d vu miia tir 111 -117 ngdy), co chilu cao cay thupc nhdm bdn liin (99.4 - 111,9 cm), cd cau tnic thdn viing, bong dep va khd ndng chdng dd tdt. Khd ndng phuc hdi phan rat tdt.
- Con lai Fi gitra cdc ddng TGMS mdi vdi 2 ddng bd (151-1,161-1) cd TGST ngdn hon ddi chimg, chilu cao cay 89,3 cm din 117,5 cm, thupc dang bdn liin.
- Cd 5 ddng me cd kha ndng kit hgp chung cao vl ndng suat cd the la Eg, E12.1, Ei2.g, E12.11, E14.21. Cd 2 td hpp (E7/I5I-I, E9/I6I-I) cd khd ndng kit hpp rilng cao vl sd bdng/khdm; cd 2 td hgp (E7/I5I-I;
Ei2.,/161-l) cd SCA cao vl khdi lupng 1000 hat; vl ndng suat cd thi cd SCA Id cdc td hpp Eg/161-1, E,o/161-l, E H / 1 6 1 - 1 , E , ^ I / 1 5 1 - 1 , Ei4.i8/15i-l, 103V151-1.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 5/2011 1.1
- Cd 5 td hpp lai cd mpt sd uu the vupt troi so vai ddi chimg la Ei4.2,/161-l, E , , / 1 5 1 - l , Ei2.ii/151- l,Ei4.,g/151-l,Ei^2i/151-l.
- Ngoai 2 ddng TGMS da duoc sii dung la 103' vd 135' hien nay. k i t qua nghien cuu da chpn them dupc 4 ddng me mdi Id Eg, En, Ei2.n. E14.21.
2. B^ nghi
- Can tiip tuc danh gia cac ddng TGMS mdi va ddng bd chpn tao d nhieu viing sinh thai khac nhau de xdc dinh gid tri su dung cu the.
- Tiip tuc nghien ciiu qui trinh san xuat hat lai Fj ciia 5 td hpp duoc lua chpn.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyin Thi Gam (2003), Nghien ciiu ngudn gien bat due due di truyin nhan man cdm vdi nhiet dp (TGMS) phuc vu cong tdc tao gidng liia lai hai ddng d Viet Nam. Ludn an tiln si Nong nghiep, tr. 84, 110,121,151.
2. Nguyin Vdn Hoan (2006). Kit qua chpn tao gidng lua lai cue ngdn ngay Viet Lai.
3. Nguyin Tri Hodn, Nguyin Thi Gam (2003).
Nghien cim chpn tao lua lai hai ddng TGMS7 va T G M S l l . Tap chi NN va PTNT (3). tr. 255 - 256.
4. Pham Ngpc Luong (2000). Nghien cim chpn tao mdt sd ddng bat due due man cam vdi nhiet dp
phuc vu cho cong tac chpn gidng liia lai 2 ddng d miin Bdc Viet Nam. Luan an tiln sy Nong nghiip.
5. Hodng T u y l t Minh (2002). Liia lai hai ddng.
Nhd xuat ban Nong nghiep. Ha Ndi, tr. 10-127.
6. Ha Van Nhan (2002). Nghien ciiu cdc ddc trung CO ban ciia mpt sd ddng liia bat due due cam img voi nhiet dp vd img dung trong chpn gidng lua lai hai ddng.
Luan dn tiln si nong nghiep.
7. Ngo Htru Tinh va N g u y i n Dinh Hien (1996).
Cdc phuong phdp lai thir vd phan tich kha ndng kit hpp trong cdc thi nghiem v l uu t h i lai. Nha xuat ban Nong nghiep. Ha Npi.
8. Nguyin Thi Tram (2005). K i t qua chpn tao gidng lua lai hai ddng mdi. Tap chi Khoa hpc Ky thuat Nong nghiep (1), Trudng Dai hpc Nong nghiip H a N p i , t r . 5 5 - 6 1 , 31.
9. V. T. T. Hien, N. V. Hoan, Yasui H. and Yoshimura A (2007). Development of a new thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility line with bacterial blight resistance by molecular marker-assisted selection.
Inter. Seminar on Hybrid rice and agro - ecosystem, 22-25 Nov. 2007 HUA p. 45-51.
10. Yuan, L P. (1994). Purification seed of rice PGMS and TGMS line. J. Hybrid rice. N« 6, pp. 1-3.
RESEARCHING ON RICE THERMO - SENSITIVE GENETIC MALE STERILE (TGMS) POLLINATOR U N E S AND THEIR COMBINING ABILITY THROUGH THEIR HYBRIDS
Nguyen Van Cuong Summary
The research on rice TGMS, R lines and their combining ability by using 14 rice TGMS lines, from that there are 2 rice imported lines; 12 internal lines and 2 control lines as 103' and 135' . There are 8 R lines used to assess and select parental advance Lnes with high combining ability in other to receive some promising hybrids. The topcross method is used for receiving hybrids. The experiment was carried out at Rice Research Institute of HUA (RRI) and Center for Seed and Crop Product Quality of Hung Yen province.
Technical protocol and categories for plant characters are also implemented by RRI. The trial time is from 2008-2010. The received data of trial is treatmented by Excel, IRRISTAT 4.0 for diallel analysis. The research result shows that (1) there are 4 new rice TGMS lines (Eg, £„, Eij.n, E14.21) prospected, very early (92-107 days), dwarf or semi dwarf. The pecentage of stamen rised out paddy husk is high (72.6-92.1%), the capacity of receiving pollen outside is rather. (2) There are 4 R lines with good bio-agricultural characters, semi dwarf (99.4 -111.9 cm), stable strunk, good seed and good tolerance to lodging, very good pollen restoration. (3) Hybrid Fj from new TGMS lines and 2 R lines (151-1, 161-1) is earlier than control lines, semi dwarf (89.3-117.5 cm), tolerance to right blight and leaf drought. (4) There are 5 TGMS line with high general capacity association at individual yield; 2 hybrids with high Separate capacity association at number of flower/plant and weight of 1000 seeds; 6 combines with high SCA at individual yield; (5) There are 5 combines are better than controls.
Key words: Thermo - sensitive genetic male sterile (TGMS) line, R Une, general capacity association, separate capacity association, hybrid, prospect line.
Ngudi phan b i | n : GS.TS. Hodng T u y l t Minh
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