TU LIEU - OlNH
CHTNHSU UEU
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INHUNC TAM BIA CIA PHA Cl Di TICH NHA THCl HO DAO, XOM CHd, XA CO LOA
Vtj DUY M £ N '
I. NHU^G TAM BIA GIA PHA Trong dip de'n khao s i t ve Dio Cam Mgc va ddng hg Dio d xdm Chd (Ngo Thi thon) thugc xa Co Loa, huyen D6ng Anh, Tp. Ha Ngi. Chung toi t h i m den thd quan Ngi h i u (tfldng truyen quan Ngi h i u hg Dio, lam quan thdi Au Lac?) (1). Den mdi dfldc xay dflng lai nhflng n i m gin diy. Ding chu y la ban nggc pha ve quan Ngi h i u mdi dfldc viet v i xui't ban n i m 2005. Doin de'n t h i m tfl dfldng chi 5; ndi hien dfldng thd cung Thii sfl A vfldng Dio Cam Mgc. Tren ban thd cdn bii vi ciia Ngii.
N h i thd hg Did nay kh6ng con. Nhflng di v i t cua n h i thd cdn 5 ti'm bia d i v i 1 chiec Ifl hfldng di, dang dfldc bao quan tai n h i dng Dao Duy Binh, v6'n thugc khuon vien cua nha thd dong hg Dio trfldc day (2).
Vdi y thflc gifl gin di vat ouy gii cua ddng hg chu n h i n da dem gin 5 tam bia d i len tfldng d gian gifla n h i . Trong s6' 5 ti'm bia do cd 3 ti'm bia ghi gia pha hg Dio v i 2 bia hiu, deu dfldc khic hay l i p vid ddi vua Bao Dai nim T i n Mfli (1931). Nhin vio trong nha tfl phai sang trii vi tri cic ti'm bia nhfl sau:
Bia s6' 1 - Pd S^ /§ S W 13 - Dio tgc h i u ky bi ky.
Bia sd 2 - ? 1$ ^ a If 13 - Giip chi gia pha bi ky.
Bia s6' 3 • pha bi ky.
Bia s6' 4 pha bi ky.
Bia s6' 5 •
PS ^ g? IS 51 13 - Dio tgc gia
Zi e ^ 19 S? IB - At chi gia
PS :^ ^ -^ if 13 - Dao toe hau ky bi ky.
Tren chiec tu thd d i t d gian gifla trfldc h i n g bia cdn co mgt chiec Ifl hfldng b i n g da. C i n cfl vio chi't lieu da (di m i u di't bac) va hea v i n cuo'n thfl khic tren t h i n Ifl hfldng d i hi mdn nhieu; die biet la 3 hoa van hinh hoa chanh k h i c d p h i n de, cic n h i nghien cflu tam cho r i n g - nien dai ciia chiec Ifl hfldng dfldc lam vio khoang thdi gian cich nay tren dfldi 200 n i m . Diy la leai Ifl hfldng d i dfldc dflng k h i phd bien trong d i n gian dfldng thdi. Tuy gii tri kinh te khdng cao, song l i di vat cdn lai ciia n h i thd hg Did nen cung c i n dfldc bao quan can t h i n .
Ca 5 ti'm bia tren deu da dfldc Cii n h i n Sii hgc Pham Dflc Han phien am, dich nghia (3).
Chung toi da tien h i n h in d i p l i m t h i c ban ti't ca 5 ti'm bia. Sau dd dem ddi chie'u vdi ban cua Pham Dflc H i n . Tuy con thie'u sdt vai chfl Han, nhflng ban dich k h i s i t vdi ban bia (bia gd'c). Ban dgc cd the tin tfldng khi sfl dung ban dich cua Pham Dflc Hin.
• PGS.TS. Vi$n Sfl hoc
Q4 Rghien curu Lich 5i2r. sfl" 10.2010
Trfldc het chung toi t i p trung khai t h i c 3 ti'm bia gia pha, cu the nhfl sau:
Bia so 3 - Dao toe gia pha b i k y (Bia ghi gia pha hg Dao).
Bia cao 0,93m. Rong 0,55m. Trin bia hi quet vdi nen khong ro hoa vin. Chin bia khic hinh cu6'n thfl. Diem bia trang tri hoa v i n khic vach phong phu. Bia khic chfl H i n Nom chin phfldng, nhieu chfl bi nhde khd dgc, do trfldc day hi ngim nfldc l i u ngiy. Toan bg bia k h i c 19 ddng. Ddng nhieu nhi't 36 chfl, Ddng it nha't 5 chfl.
Tdng cong khoang 508 chfl.
Bia ghi lac khoan: "Thdi Ddng K h i n h M i u Ty ddng.
Thi't dai tdn my tfl Dao Duy Thin kinh soan".
Dich nghla: Mua dong n i m Ddng K h i n h M i u Ty (1888).
Chiu ddi thfl 7 my tfl l i Dao Duy Than kfnh soan (van bia),
"Hoing trieu Bao Dai luc nien tue thfl Tan Mfli nhi nguyet thip nhi n h i t lie bi ky".
r;_,': nghla: Ngay 12 t h i n g 2 n i m Tan Mfli, nien hieu vua Bao Dai thfl 6 (1931) l i p bia ky.
Tom t i t ngi dung bia: Neu ly do ciia viec l i p bia gia pha hg Dao "... Van vat sinh ra ngudn gd'c tfl trdi, cdn ngfldi sinh ra tfl to tong... xet vay I t phai cd chuyen chep lai gia pha, ghi lai ngudn coi de l i m can cfl cho con chiu ddi sau" (4),
Bia Ifldc ghi lich sii hg Dao d Co Loa tfl xfla cho de^n nay (1888),
"Nay con chau hg Dao tu t i p nhau lai, dfla vio nhflng gi minh biet, lai tham khao cic bic tien n h i n kinh cin bien chep lai gia pha ddng hg, nhflng cho chfla tfldng, kinh dd khuyet bflt ching d i m ghi bfla, Nhd cd viec n i y m i con chiu nay v i ngan van ddi sau se dfldc thong td nhflng ch6
chfla th6ng va d i bd sung dfldc nhflng gi khuyet thieu,.." (5).
Gia pha chd bie^t mg cu thuy to dng v i b i ; cu td khai sang dd Sinh dd thdi Chfnh Hda (ddi vua Le Hy T6ng, 1680-1705) va chinh thi't ciia cu...
Tfl dfldng ciia ddng hg Did dfldc khdi dflng tfl n i m Dinh Diu, nien hieu Thinh T h i i thfl 9 (1897)... (6).
Bia so' 2 - Giap chi gia pha bi ky (Bia ghi gia pha chi Trfldng hg Did).
Bia cad 0,92m. Rong 0,55m. T r i n bia tram Ifldng long c h i u nguyet. Chin bia tram hinh sdng nfldc. Diem bia v5i phii md, kh6ng ro, Bia k h i c chfl H i n N6m chin phfldng, Toin bg bia khic 18 ddng, Ddng nhieu nhi't 50 chfl. Ddng ft nhi't 15 chfl.
Tdng cong khoang 582 chfl.
Bia ghi lac khoan: "Bao Dai luc nien Tan Mfli trgng xuan".
Dich nghla: T h i n g 2 mfla xuin n i m Tin Mfli men hieu Bao Dai thfl 6 (1931).
Tdm t i t ngi dung bia nhfl sau:
Neu ly do cua viec lip bia gia pha chi phii ".,, Trdi la cai gd'c sinh ra mu6n vat, con ngfldi thi ai (mi) ching cd td tong... nhflng bdi thdi gian gd'c gic dan xa, sau lai cd chuyen phan chi chia phii, Neu ching ghi chep lai I t la ve sau ngudn cgi mi't di, viy phai cd viec bien ch6p ro ring the thfl cgi ngudn de tien cho viec truy an thd tfl. Nay chi trfldng ddng hg Dio kfnh soan van bia niy de lflu truyen van dai cho con chiu mai sau.
Vin bia nay ghi chep tfldng tan ve the' thfl, my tfl, ten hieu, ngay gid, mg p h i n tfl bic thie'u td (Dio Duy Trflc, con trfldng cu Dio Viet Ton tflng dd Sinh dd ddi Le) trd xu6'ng den cao td Dio Duy Nghi con trfldng cu Dio Duy Trflc,
T i n g td Dio Duy Chfldng con trfldng v i cic con thfl ciia cu Dio Duy Nghi,
Rhimg tdm bia gia phi... 65
T6 Dio Duy Hien con trfldng va cic con thfl cua cu Dio Duy Chfldng. Dio Duy T h i n con trfldng va cic con thfl cua td Dio Duy Hien... Dio Duy Quy con trfldng v i cic con thfl cua cu Dao Duy Dfldng cflng chinh thi't, i thi't cua cic b i c tien td thugc chi trfldng dong hg Dio; de tien ldi cho viec tra khao, truy tfldng, thd td tien cho con c h i u ngin van ddi sau (7).
Bia so 4 - At chi gia pha b i ky (Bia ghi gia pha chi thfl hg Dio).
Bia cao 0,87m. Rong 0,54m. Tran bia tram Ifldng long c h i u nguyet. C h i n bia tram hinh hoa cue. Diem bia hi voi phu, kh6ng ro hoa vin. Bia k h i c chfl H i n Nom chan phfldng. Toan bg bia khic 23 ddng.
Dong nhieu nhi't 38 chfl. Ddng ft nhi't 6 chfl. Tdng cong khoang 622 chfl.
Bia ghi lac khoan: "Bao Dai Tan Mfli trgng xuan. Luc dai Dio Duy Cfl cung soan".
Dich nghla: T h i n g 2 mua x u i n n i m T i n Mui nien hieu Bao Dai (1931).
Chiu ddi thfl 6 la Dio Duy Cfl kfnh soan (vin bia).
Tdm t i t ngi dung bia:
Neu ly do cua vigc l i p bia gia pha chi phii "... Cay cd cgi, nfldc co ngudn, con ngfldi ta ai chang cd td, cd tong. Ne'u ching c6 sfl ghi ch6p lai thi go'c gic ngiy cang xa rdi mi't d i n di'u tich. Viy I t phai sinh ra chuyen ghi ch6p lai gia pha, con chiu ddi sau se dfla vio di'y m i biet ro ngon ngudn, truy tfl td tong.
Nay chi thfl ddng hg Dio Co Loa, huyen Ddng Anh, tinh Phuc Yen kinh soan v i n bia niy. Bia chip d i y du ve the thfl, my tfl, tgn hieu, ngiy gio, mg p h i n tfl thie'u td cung chfnh thi't, i thi't trd xuo'ng de tien ldi cho vi?c truy khao, tfldng niem, thd tfl trong ddng hg ngan van ddi sau" (8).
Gia pha ghi tfl cu thie'u td dd Sinh dd ddi Le la Dao Duy Thuan, con thfl cua cu Dio Viet Ton.
Cao td my tfl l i Dao Duy Kinh, con thfl cua cu Dio Duy Thuan. T i n g td my tfl la Dio Duy Vinh, Dao Duy Dflc con thfl cua cu Dio Duy Kfnh.
To my tfl la Dao Duy Kien con trfldng v i cic con thfl Dao Duy Cin, Dio Duy S i u cua cu Dio Duy Vinh.
T6 my tfl la Dao Duy Trinh con trfldng v i Dio Viet Cin con thfl cua cu Dao Duy Dflc.
IL MAY NHAN XET
1. Ve gia tri cua nhufng tam bia Tfl viec nghien cflu, khai t h i c 3 ti'm bia gia pha, di tfch cdn lai ciia dong hg Dio xdm Chd, Co Loa cho thi'y gii tri dieu khic d i khong cao, do bia dfldc lam vao thdi ky cuo'i Nguyen. Hoa v i n trang trf tren bia ddn gian, it chau chu6't. Viec k h i c chfl H i n N6m tren bia cung kh6ng deu, dep nhfl nhflng bia thdi Le trung hflng the ky XVI- XVII v i h i u Le the ky XVIII. Song cung l i di'u i'n cua mgt thdi v i n hoa Nho giio dang d giai doan t i n mat dfldi che do thdng tri cua thflc dan Phap. Ve m i t quan phfldng, bi'y gid chfl H i n N5m kh6ng cdn dfldc bao trd lflu hanh. Tuy nhien, chfl H i n N6m v i n dfldc tiep tuc sii dung trong cic l i n g x i . Trong 3 ti'm bia tren ngoii viec khic chfl H i n l i chu yeu, cdn dfldc k h i c 67 chfl N6m de ghi cic dia danh thugc dia p h i n th6n (ling) nhfl Lgc H i , Mach Tring, Tien Hgi; cic xfl ddng nhfl Ba Ciu, Dam Ca, Ddng Bi, Ddng Ling... Cic con dfldng nhfl Dfldng Ci'm, Dfldng Con Ci, Dfldng Ngoi... Cic do'ng bii nhfl Do'ng Chu6ng, Dau Voi... Bii Cit, Bai Mieu, Bai Thfl Cflu... Nhiing dia danh dd d i lflu lai di'u tich ciia vflng di't xdm Chd, Co Loa liu ddi. Chfnh tfl nhiing ghi ch6p chfl Nom dd da bd sung them vio viec tim hieu
66 Rghifen cajru Lieh sit, stf 10.2010 dia danh cd ling xa v i kho ting chii Nom 6
Viet Nam thdi ky lich sii cin dai.
2. Ve lich sii dong ho Dao 6 x o m Chd, xa Co Loa
- Vi khdi thuy cua ddng hg Ddo
Theo bia ghi gia pha ho Dao cho biet: "Mo p h i n ciia cu thiiy td phat tich an tang tai xfl Ciu Tfldng, Loc Ha, tren gd di't cao giap vdi con dfldng thuoc dia p h i n thon Phi.
Mo p h i n ciia cu thuy td b i an tang tren gd di't xfl C i u Mao, thugc dia p h i n thon Mach Trang, tuc goi gd n i y l i gd D i u Voi.
Cu to' khai sang do Sinh do nien hifu vua Le Chinh Hda (Le Hy Tong - 1680-
1705), l i m Lfldng y trong y vien. Sau l i m Tri huyfn huyen Vfin Giap, Tri huyfn huyfn Yen T h i n h . My tfl l i Dio Viet Thuit, hfldng hieu l i Dflc Kiem, gio ngiy mdng 3 t h i n g 8, p h i n mo an tang tai dia p h i n thon Phi.
... Tien td hg D i e tfl lau dflng nghiep 6 xa Co' Loa, huyen Dong Ngin, tinh Bic Ninh, nay thugc huy$n Dong Anh, tinh Phuc Yen. Tfl ri't xa xfla dong ho nha ta da c6 tryfo thd'ng khoa cii, ddi ddi nSi truyen y nghiep..." (9).
Nhfl viy, tien to' ho Dio tfl lau da dflng nghiep tren manh di't Co' Loa. Cu thiiy td den l i p cfl d Co' Loa trfldc thdi Chinh Hda (1680-1705). Song gia pha lai khong cho biet cu thiiy td den Co Loa vio khoang thdi gian cu the nio? Neu xac dinh dfldc thdi gian m i cu thuy td ho Dio den Co Loa thi c6 the coi dd l i dtfu moic lich sii b i t d i u cua qua trinh lich sii hinh t h i n h v i phat trien ciia ddng ho Dio. Hy vong vifc tigp tuc thu t h i p , nghien ciiu cac tfl lifu se giup l i m sang to d i n lich s i khdi d i u cua ddng ho Dio d Co' Loa.
Ti't nhien tfl cu to' khai s i n g Dio Vid't T h u i t - ngfldi khai khoa, md d i u y t h u i t ciia ddng ho vio thdi Chfnh Hda cudi the ky XVII cho den sau n i y lich sii ciia ddng ho Dio da tfldng ddi ro r i n g .
- Ve gia phd ddng hg Bdo
"Bia ghi gia pha ho Dio" cho biet: "...
Trfldc day nhieu ddi ddng ho da c6 tfl dfldng thd Cling to' tien..., lai co gia pha ghi ch6p ro r i n g . Den cuoi thdi Le, chie'n tranh loan lac, ti't ca moi thfl binh hda thieu thanh tro bui, den the he n i y (Dio Duy T h i n chiu ddi thfl 7...) c h i n g giQ dfldc gi v i tfl dd (thdi Le) den nay (nim M i u Ty, Ddng Khanh-
1888) chfla tttag c6 viec bien ch6p lai... nay (nfim 1888) con chau ho Dio tu hop nhau lai, dfla vio nhiJng gi minh biet, lai tham khao them cac b i c tien nhan kinh cin bien ch#p lai gia pha ddng ho.
Sau do vao n g i y 12 t h i n g 2 nfim Tan Mui, nien hieu Bao Dai thfl 6 (1931) khfic bia (gia pha).
Vio cung thdi gian tren (Bao Dai nfim thfl 6 (1931)) chi trfldng ddng ho Dio cung cho khfic bia gia pha di lflu truyen trong chi ho, ghi ro; "Vfin bia n i y ghi ch6p tfldng t i n vi the thfl, my tfl, ten hifu, ngiy gio, mo p h i n tfl bic thieu td (Dao Duy Trflc con trfldng cu Dio Viet Ton...) trd xuong di tifn ldi cho viec tra khao, truy tfldng, thd tfl td tien cho con chau n g i n van ddi sau..." (10).
Cung vio thdi gian tren (thing 2 nfim 1931) chau ddi thfl 6 l i Dio Duy Cfl thufc chi thfl ho D i o Cd Loa cung kinh soan vfin bia ghi gia pha ciia chi. Trong "Bia ch6p d i y dii ve the thfl, my tfl, ten hifu, ngiy gio, mo p h i n tfl ddi thi^u td (Dio Duy T h u i n l i con thfl cua cu Dio Vig't Ton do Sinh do nien hifu Vinh Thinh (1705-1719) trd xudng d l tifn l 0 cho vifc truy khao,
Rhumg tam bia gia ph&... 67 tfldng niem, thd tfl trong ddng hg ngin van
ddi sau..." (11).
Nhfl viy qua 3 v i n bia ghi gia pha cho biet: Tnidc thdi ky h i u Le the ky XVIII hg Dio d Co Loa tflng cd gia pha ghi chep the thfl ro ring. Nhflng do chie'n tranh loan lac (cd the do khdi nghia nong dan d cic tri'n Sdn Tay, Hai Dfldng vio nhflng nfim 30 - 40 ciia the ky XVIII, gay ra) n h i thd, gia pha cua hg Dio da hi thieu chay. M i i cho den n i m Ddng K h i n h thfl 3 (1888) v i sau d6 con chiu hg Dio mdi tu t i p l i p lai gia pha ciia ddng hg cflng gia pha cua chi trfldng, chi thfl. De'n t h i n g 2 mfla x u i n n i m 1931 cic ban gia pha dd deu dem k h i c vio bia d i (nhfl d i thi'y) de lflu gifl l i u dii, mai mai ve sau.
Gia pha cho biet hg Dio da cfl tru tfl ri't xa xfla d Cd Loa. Mg p h i n cu ong v i cu b i thuy td v i n cdn dd; song chfla ro tfl the ky XVII ve trfldc hai cu de'n Co Loa vio thdi gian nio? D6'i vdi lich s i dong hg Dio Co Loa thi dd con l i cau hdi chfla tim thi'y ldi giai?
Tfl cudi the ky XVII (thdi Chfnh Hda) de'n n i m 1931 gia pha hg Dio v i gia pha cua hai chi trfldng, thfl da dfldc khfic tren bia d i . The thfl cic ddi d i k h i ro ring. Tfl n i m 1931 de'n nay cac chi, nganh hg Dio deu tiep tuc chip no'i tgc pha, chi pha v i ghi t h i n h pha dd ri't de n h i n biet hg hing.
- Nhd thd hg Bdo dxdm Cha, xd Co Loa Theo "Bia ghi gia pha hg Dio" - "...
Trfldc diy nhieu ddi ddng hg da co tfl dfldng thd cung td tien, trong b i y linh vi. Vio cuoi thdi Le chien tranh loan lac huy hoai ti't ca (nhfl da neu); de'n the he n i y (Dio Duy Thin chau ddi thfl 7) ching gifl dfldc gi!
Tfl dfldng dong hg khdi dflng tfl n i m Dinh Diu, nien hieu Thanh T h i i thfl 9 (1897), b i n g ngudn kinh phi ciia ban tgc.
Theo "Gia pha hg Dio xom Chd Co Loa"
(1985-2009): ngoi tfl dfldng (nhi thd) m i hg Dio dflng n i m 1897 gdm 3 gian h i u cung cot gd, 5 gian tien te cot gach vuong, 6 gian n h i trg v i bep ngoi, mgt ao trfldc ciia tha sen, toin bg khuon vien nha thd dfldc bao quanh bfing tfldng di't, cdng xay bang gach, cinh lim. Trong n h i thd cd nhieu doi cau ddi. Nay cu Dao Duy Tue con nhd mgt so^
ciu do'i nhfl sau:
Phien dm
De do t h i n h quich thanh danh cflu, Dio tgc cung dinh canh sic t i n .
PS JK 3i: t H s a Phiin dm
Ly trieu dinh do vfldng tfl phuc, Dio trang v i n quan quo'c an than.
Phien dm
Ding tfl dfldng do hfldng tien trieu cflu luc.
Hfldng ky cit duy nhien tfch Thue kim hoa.
Tfl dfldng hg Dio Co Loa trfldc day ciing chfnh l i ndi thd b i c thfldng dang t h i n - Thii sfl A viidng hg Dao trieu Ly (Dio Cam Mgc). Theo ghi ch6p cua chinh sii thi Dio Cam Mgc l i ngfldi co cong ldn trong vifc dfla Ly Cong Uan len ngoi, l i p ra trieu Ly; vdi viec thien do ra Thing Long, dinh d i t de do muon ddi cho con chiu nfldc Viet xiy dflng v i p h i t trien di't nfldc giiu thinh. Theo cac cu trong dong hg truyen lai sau khi Ly Thii To thien do ra T h i n g Long, Dio Cam Mgc d i ve l i p tfl dinh d Co Loa. Tfl dd ong gin bo vdi manh di't Co Loa. Sau khi Dio Cam
68 Rghi&i curu Lich sit. s610.2010 Mgc mi't thi tfl dinh de l i m n h i thd Ngii
v i cung l i n h i thd cua hg Dio.
H i n g n i m cfl vio ngiy 15 t h i n g Gieng Am lich cic cu hg Dio l i m le te gid (ngiy mi't) n g i i Thai sfl A viidng Dio Cam Mgc.
Bii v i n te (12) ngii viet b i n g chfl H i n chin phfldng, gdm 5 trang tren gii'y diep.
B6'n trang d i u mdi trang 8 ddng; trang cudi 7 ddng. Dong nhieu nhi't 12 chfl, ddng ft nhi't 2 chfl; tdng cong 316 chfl.
Bii v i n te ghi lac khoan: 'Viet Nam Quoc, Phuc Yen tinh, D6ng Anh huyen, Co Loa tdng, Co Loa x i , Ngo Thi thon.
Tue thfl...
Dich nghla: Thon Ngo Thi, xa Co Loa, tdng Co Loa, huyen Dong Anh, tinh Phuc yen, nfldc Viet Nam... tue thfl...
Theo lac khoan tren cho biet bii v i n te nay dfldc viet khi da cd tinh Phuc Yen. T i i lieu nghien cflu cho biet:
"Ngiy 18-2-1904, Toin quyen Ddng Dfldng ra nghi dinh thanh lip tinh Phuc Yen...
Ngiy 7-3-1913, Toin quyen D6ng Dfldng lai ra nghi dinh x6a bd tinh Phuc Yen v i chuyen t h i n h Dai ly Phuc Yen...
Ngiy 31-3-1923, Thdng sfl Bic Ky ra nghi dinh l i p lai tinh Phuc yen..
Nghi dinh sd 3- TTg ngay 12-2-1950 cua Thii tfldng chfnh phu". Hdp nhi't hai tinh Phuc Yen v i Vinh Yen t h i n h mgt tinh, li'y ten l i tinh Vinh Phuc. Trong sd 9 huyen cua tinh Vinh Phuc bao gdm ca huyen Dong Anh (13).
Can cfl vao viec xui't n h i p cua dia danh tinh Phuc Yen co the cho r i n g - Bii v i n te dfldc vie't tfl sau n i m 1904 khi da cd ten ggi tinh Phuc Yen, Hoac bii v i n te dd dfldc vie't muon hdn vio thdi ky trfldc nfim 1950 khi hai tinh Phuc Yen v i Vinh Yen chfla s i t n h i p t h i n h tinh Vinh Phuc. Cd the cho r i n g
trfldc khi n h i thd Dio Cam Mgc - n h i thd hg Dio hi thflc d i n P h i p t i n p h i n i m 1953 thi bai van te Thii sfl A vfldng vin dfldc cic cu trong hg Dao dgc trong dip te gid ngii vio ngiy 15 t h i n g Gieng h i n g nim.
Ngi dung b i i vfin te ca ngdi dflc do, t i i ning, cong lao dong gop cua ngii ddi vdi hai vfldng trieu tien Le, die biet doi vdi trieu Ly.
Ngii l i "be t6i rfldng cot, t i i gidi...
Trdi phfl cho th6ng minh, vfin vo song toin. Di't tu khi t6't, l i tfldng l i t h i n .
Ngii l i Chi h i u cua trieu tien Le v i Thii sfl trieu Ly, deu trgn nghia hai trieu.
... Dai vfldng ta tfly thdi m i xii the, vi nfldc quen than v i n h i n bd bien luan r5 rang. Vi d i n quyet y m i khdi l i p trieu p h i n dinh. Chim lo cho sfl phdn vinh cua di't nfldc, chia se ndi mflng lo cua trieu dinh n h i Ly..
Ngdi vi danh vgng (ngii) mai cdn ghi trong lich sii di't nfldc, thdi thinh tri vin ludn ghi nhd den c6ng lao cua thin...
... Dung ngiy gid ciia Dai vfldng, phung ding l i mgn, kinh c i n b i y td ti'm ldng thinh..." (14).
Nhfl v i y bai v i n te dfldc coi l i di vfin v i l i mgt b i n g chflng xic ding, tin cay vi vifc hg Dio d Co Loa trfldc diy tflng thd tfl Thai sfl A vfldng Dio Cam Mgc. Vifc thd cung ngii ngiy nay v i n dfldc ddng hg duy tri.
Con c h i u h i u duf ddng hg Dio d Co Loa lu6n ghi nhd mai mai cong lao to ldn cua ngii v i hfldng khdi khong quen; mong dfldc ngii phu trd dan khang v i t thinh.
T h a y ldi k e t
Nhflng ti'm bia gia pha di tich cua n h i thd hg Dio gidi thifu tren giup chung ta biet dfldc Ifldc sii ddng hg Dio, mgt ddng hg tflng cfl trfl k h i l i u ddi tren manh d i t Co Loa danh tidng.
Rhirng tam bia gia phi... 69
Mgt ddng hg cd truyen thdng khoa cii v i y t h u i t md d i u tfl cu td khai sang Dio Viet T h u i t vio cudi the ky XVII. Truyen thdng dd dfldc cic the hf hg Dio tiep ndi cho de'n t i n sau niy. Dd l i niem tfl h i o cua ddng hg Dio d Co Loa.
Dong hg Dio d Co Loa tflng co truyen thdng trgng hgc, trgng n h i n hieu. Tfl the ky XVII ve trfldc ddng hg tflng cd gia pha ghi ro ngudn cgi, the thfl ro ring. Sau dd gia pha bi thieu huy do chie'n tranh. Ciy cd cgi gdc, ngfldi CO td tong, gia pha cu mi't, khong the kh6ng l i p lai gia pha de con chiu ddi sau biet dfldc gdc gic, the thfl cua minh. 'Vi the h i u due hg Dio da tiep tuc l i p lai gia pha ddng hg v i gia pha ciia chi trfldng, chi thfl khic vio da lflu truyen l i u dii (nhfl d i neu tren). Cic the hf k§' tiep truyen thdng cha ong lai tuc bien gia pha cho de'n ngiy nay.
Tfl nila d i u the ky XVIII vi trfldc ddng hg Dio da cd tfl dfldng de thd cung td tien, sau dd tfl dfldng bi thieu chiy. De'n cudi the
ky XIX tfl dfldng cua ddng hg mdi dfldc t i i l i p (di ghi d bia). Tiec thay ngoi tfl dfldng be the, quy cu d i bi t i n p h i n i m 1953. Tfl do de'n nay ddng hg Dio d xdm Chd, Co Loa kh6ng cdn tfl dfldng de thd cung Dio Cam Mgc. Mgt danh nhan lich sii cd c6ng ldn giflp Ly Cong U l n len ngoi l i p ra n h i Ly nhfl sii sich tflng ghi ch6p. Hifn nay viec lflu gifl nhflng di tfch quy cua n h i thd v i vifc thd cung td tien ddng hg Dio iiy thac cho ngfldi chau trfldng l i dng Dio Duy Binh duy tri trong ngoi n h i ddn sd cua gia dinh.
Thie't nghi n h i n dip Thing Ldng - H i Ngi trdn mgt n g i n n i m tudi, nhan vi gii tri lich sii, v i n hda dfic bift, N h i nfldc v i b i con ddng hg cflng nhan dan C6 Loa cin sdm khdi phuc lai ngoi n h i thd cua ddng ho Dio. Dd l i viec l i m thie't thflc nhi't de tri an td tien, nhflng ngfldi cd cdng vdi nfldc;
ding khdi diy v i lflu gifl tdt nhi't truyen thdng quy b i u cua ddng hg Dio, cua que hfldng Co Loa, Dong Anh, H i Ngi.
CHU THICH
(1). Dokn can bp Vi$n Sii hoc chiing toi gom PGS. TS Ta Ngoc Liln, PGS. TS Vu Duy Min, CN Nguyin Quoc Sinh, CN Dinh Thj Hai Duing.
(2). Ong Dfio Duy Binh 111 chau truclng lo vi^c thd ti^ to tien ho Dko x6m Ch(3 hifn nay.
(3). Ban dich d6 da dU(Jc Vifn trUcIng Vifn Bao t6n di tich B§ Vfin h6a Thong tin - Le Thfinh Vinh k^ ten vk d6ng dS'u xac nhSn t^i Hk Npi ng&y 25 thang 11 nfim 2005.
(4). Van bia nhd thd hg Ddo xdm Cho, Co Loa, Ddng Anh, Hd N6i. Th.S. Ph^m Dflc Hfin the hifn chQ Hfin Nom vi tfnh, phign fim, dich nghia, Hfi
Npi, 2005, tr. 5.
(5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11). Vfin bia..., tldd, tr. 5, 6, 10, 14, 5, 10, 14..
(12). Bfii vfin te'Thai sU triiu L^ Dfio Cam Mgc.
Th.S Pham Diic Han phien km, dich nghia. Ban vi tfnh. (Bfii vfin te..)
- Ban goc Bfii vfin tlhiSn do ong Dfio Duy Canh lUu gifl tai nhfi the) chi 5.
(13). Nguyin Quang An. Tinh Vinh Phdc xUa vd nay. Tap chf Nghien ciiu Lich sii, so 1 (405)- 2010, tr. 76-77.
(14). Bfii vfin te..., tldd, tr. 7.
