NHA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT
DIEU KHOAN KIEM SOAT CHAT LXSONG TRONG HOP DONG LI-XANG NHAN HIEU
NGUYEN THI H ^ H ht*
mmmmmmmmmmi^mmmm^mmmmmmKmmmmmii^^^^m
Chuyen giao quyen siif dung doi tu'dng sd huti tri tue (SHTT) la viec chu sd hii'u
"cho phep to chu'c, ca nhan khac sit dung" mot hoac nhfeu doi tu'dng SHTT'thuoc pham vi quyen siir dung ciia minh"'. Tai Viet Nam, theo so lieu thong ke cua Cue SHTT, nhan hieu la doi tu'dng cua quyen SHCN du'dc li-xang nhieu nhat so vdi cac ddi tu'dng SHCN khac^ Xuat phat tii' chu'c nang ciia minh, nhan hieu luon co mdt mdi lien he mat thiet vdi uy tin cua doanh nghiep. Do dd, dieu khoan kiem soat chat lUdng trong hdp ddng chuyen giao quyen sif dung nhan hieu (hdp ddng li-xang) ddng vai trd quan trong de chii sd hii'u cd the dam bao du'dc chat lu'dng hang hoa/d|ch vu san xuat/cung uTng bdi ben nhan li-xang nhan hieu. Bai viet phan tich: (i) moi lien he giti'a chat lu'dng hang hoa/dich vu vdi nhan hieu va uy tin ciia doanh nghiep; (Ii) van de kiem soat chat lu'dng trong hdp dong li-xang nhan hieu; (iii) di'eu khoan kiem soat chat lu'dng trong phap luat Lien minh chau Au va bai hoc kinh nghiem ve van de nay.
1. M6i liSn hf giira chdt lirpug h&ng tin den khach hang vh chii sd huu cua hang hoa/dich vij vdd nhan hieu va uy tin ciia hoa/dich vu mang nhan hieu. Thong qua doanh nghiep nhan hieu, khach hang c6 thS hiit duge cac Nhan hieu "la diu hieu dung dk phan hang hoa/djch vu mang nhan hieu thuoc vS biet hang hoa, djch vu cua cac t6 chiic, ca mot chu sa hiiu nhat dinh, mac dii khong can nhan khac nhau"^ Nhan hieu luon co mpt biet chinh xac moi thong tin ve chu sd huu.
chuc nang co ban la giup khach hang phto Vi du, nhan hifu "Honda" dupe gSn liln v6i biet duac hang hoa/dich vu cua cac nh^ san nhan hieu cua nhilu dong san phim khac xuit/cung ling khac nhau, bjng viec thong nhau cua cong ty Honda nhu: dong san
Hoc viin Cao hpc, Tru'dng Bai hgc Nottingham, Vuvng quoc Anh Dieu 47 va Dieu Ml Luat SHTT nSm 2005, siia doi tjosung nam 2009
Theo so iieu thang fee cua Cue SHTT Viet Nam, ntian hieu ludn ia doi tuong difdc chuyen giao quyen sit dung ntiieu nl^t tiong cac nSm gSn day (tir nam 2000). RiSng trong nSm 2011, co tong cdng 165 ddn dang icy hgp ddng li-xSng niian hieu tren tong so 170 don dSng ley hdp dong ii-xSng quyen SHCN ndi chung; trong do, co 495 nhSn hi^u duge ii-xSng trin tSng sS 500 doi tut/ng cua quyen SHCN du^c di cap trong cac don dSng k^ hop dong ii-xSng doi tudng quyen SHCN. Nguon:http://noip.gov.vn/noip/resource.nsf/vwResourceList/9DlFBE4E01003F5047257A4.4002B6E42/ $FILE/
NOIP_ Annual%20RepOft%202011_smait%20size.pdf, cap nhitngay 15/11/2013.
Khoan 16 Dieu 4 Luat SHTT Viet Nam.
I%n I HGHICN Cini
£U I LAP PHAP. / S 6 23 (279) T12/2014
NHA NlTdC VA PHAP LUAT phim xe gin may SH, PCX, Air Blade,
Lead, Wave,... ddng san phim xe hoi Civic, Accord, CR-V... Thdng qua mdt thdi gian dai khang dinh vi thi cua minh treo tbi trudng, nhan hieu Honda eung vdi tung nhan hieu cho mdi ddng san phim eiia minh da ed mgt vi tri viing chac trong long tin cua khach hang. Khi khaeh hang tiep can vdi eae san pham cd gan nhan hiSu Honda, hg se biet duge Honda la ehu sd hiru eiia nhan hieu gan tren nhung san phim dd. Mae du hg cd thi khdng biet rd mdt sd thdng tin chi tiet eua "chu sd hiiu nhan hieu Honda" nay nhu chirc nang dSy dii cua cdng ty la gi, mang qude tich nude nao... song nhd vao nhan hi?u, hg hoan toan ed thi phan biet duge eae san pham nay vdi san pham khac gan nhan hieu Suzuki, Yamaha... Day eiing duge xem nhu mgt dieu ki|n tien quyet de nhan hieu duge bao hg theo he thdng phap luat SHTT - kha nang phSn biet. Nhd vao ban ehat nay, nhan hieu ludn cd moi lien he m|t thiet vdi uy tin eua chu sd him eiing nhu ehSt lugng eua hang hda/dieh vu mang nhan hieu. Chat lugng ciia san pham/dieh vy anh hudng trye tiep d^n uy tin, danh tieng cua chd sd hihi thdng qua nhan hieu. Mdi lien h$ nay duge tiie hien dudi cac khia canh sau:
Thu nhdt, chit lugng eua san phim/dich vy gan lien vdi sy ton tai ciia nhan hieu.
Khac vdi ten thuang mai ludn cd chuc nang giup phan biet ea sd kinh doanh khac nhau, nhan hi?u thudng ehi giup phan biet hang hda/dieh vy cua eae nha san xuat/cung ung khac nhau. Khach hang lua chgn hang hda/dieh vu gin nhan hieu ve co ban la do hg tm tudng vao nhan bieu gan lien vdi hang hda/dieh vy dd. Mdt nhan hi?u khi vira mdi xuit hi?n tren thi trudng se khdng nhan duge nhilu su quan tam tii khach hang, song qua qua trinh kmh doanh, khi doanh nghiep khing dinh duge uy tin cua san phim/dich vu, se khing dinh vj tri ciia nhan hieu eua minh, thi nhan hieu dd cd chd diing vung
chac trong khaeh hang. Danh tieng eua doanh nghiep the hien qua nhan hieu duge xay dyng bdi long tin cua khach hang ddi vdi hang hda/dieh vy sau mdt thdi gian kilm nghiem va cdng nhan. Ldng tin nay eua khach hang ed duge la dya vao chit lugng eua hang hda/dieh vu duge san xuit/cung ling ed dap iing duge nhu cau va yeu eiu eiia khach hang hay khdng. Ndi each khac, chit lugng Clia san pham thoa man duge nhu eiu cua khaeh hang chinh la nin tang cho su tdn tai va phat trien ciia nhan hieu. Khi chit lugng hang hda/dieh vy duge duy tri va cai thien, nhan hieu gan lien vdi hang hda/dieh vy se cang cd vi tri trong sy lya chgn eua khach hang va vi the tren thi trudng. Ngugc lai, khi chat lugng hang hda/dieh vu thay ddi theo ehieu hudng xau va khdng thoa man duge yeu cau eiia khaeh hang ddi vdi san pham gan nhan hieu, nhan hieu dd eiing se khdng cdn duge lya chgn va dan dan se khdng the tdn tai tren thi trudng. Do dd, ed the ndi, chat lugng hang hda/dieh vu ehinh la nen tang cho sy tdn tai cua mdt nhan hieu.
Thu hai, nhan hieu ludn dai dien cho uy tin, danh tieng eua ehii sd hiiu. Nhu da phan tieh, nhan hieu ludn ed ehiic nang thdng tin den khach hang ve chu sd hiiu nhan hieu. Do dd, mgt nhan hieu duge khach hang tin dimg eiing ddng nghia vdi viee ehii sd hiru nhan hieu dd ed vi the, uy tin tren thi trudng. Khi long tin eiia khach hang dat vao nhan hieu khdng edn, danh tieng va uy tin cua chii sd hiiu ciing hi anh hudng. Khach hang lya chgn san pham dua vao nhan hieu, chinh vi vay, chi khi khach hang hai long vdi nhan hieu thi mdi cd the tao nen vi the cua doanh nghiep tren thuang trudng. Do dd, doanh nghiep ludn cd ging khing dinh va duy tri danh tieng eiia minh thdng qua sy tdn tai va phd biln ciia nhan hieu do minh sd hihi tren thuang trudng.
Chinh vi vay, ehat lugng hang hda/dieh vy ludn la yeu td doanh nghiep can quan tam
NHA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT dl duy tri duge uy tin, danh tieng cua minh thdng qua sy danh gia cua khaeh hang ddi vdi nhan hieu gan lien vdi hang hda/dieh vu dd. Chat lugng hang hda/dieh vu giup cho doanh nghiep ed the khang dinh uy tin eiia minh thdng qua danh tieng ciia nhan hieu;
nguge lai, danh tieng cua nhan hieu ciing ludn la mdt ddng luc thue day doanh nghiep duy tri va nang cao chat lugng san pham hon nua nham muc dich dap iing nhu cau, su ky vgng va niem tin ciia khach bang danh cho san pham/dieh vy mang nhan hieu. Mat khac, do nhan hieu chi ed the thdng tin eho khach hang biet ring hang hda/djeh vy gan nhan hieu la thudc ve mgt chu sd hihi nhan hieu chii khdng bdc Id bet thdng tin ve ehu sd him dd nen ed the ndi rang, nhan hieu la edng cu hihi hieu giup khach hang nhan biet duge mgt each nhanh chdng tat ca cae san pham gan nhan hieu la thugc ve mdt ehu sd huu nhan hieu ma khaeh hang tin dung. Do dd, chi can khach hang mit di long tin vao nhan hieu vi khdng dap ung duge yeu eiu ve chat lugng san phim, thi toan bg san pham gan nhan hieu tuang ty eua chu sd hihi cung mat di uy tin nhanh chdng. Chinh vi vay, de duy tri uy tin eua minh eiing nhu eua nhan hieu, ehu sd huu ludn khdng thi lo la trong viee kiem soat chit lugng hang hda/dieh vu ed gin nhan hieu eiia minh.
Trong khi dd, hang hda/dieh vu cd thi duge gan nhan hieu cua chii sd hiiu thdng qua viee ehinh chu sd hiiu la nha san xuit/eung ling, hoac do mdt ehu thi khac san xuat/cung iing dudi su cho phep cua ehii sd hihi thdng qua mdt hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu. Vi vay, dieu khoan kiem soat chit lugng trong hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu giii vai trd rit quan trgng trong viec gin giu va nang cao uy tin eho nhan hieu ciing nhu eho chii sd hihi cua nhan hieu dd.
2. Van dl kilm scat chat lygng trong hop dong li-xang nhan hieu
Viee kiem soat chit lugng hang hda/dieh vu gan nhan hieu cua minh ludn la mye tieu can duy tri cua chu sd hihi. Thdng thudng, viee kiem soat chat lugng hang hda/dieh vu do ehinh chu sd huu nhan hieu san xuat/cung ling khdng phai la viec qua khd khan. Tuy nhien, trong trudng hgp chuyen giao quyIn su dung nhan hieu thdng qua hgp ddng li- xang, chu sd hihi thudng khdng the cd du thdi gian va dieu kien de thudng xuyen kilm soat chat lugng eua san pham/dieh vu gin nhan hieu eua minh duge san xuat/cung iing bdi ben nhan chuyen giao theo hgp ddng. Do dd, trong trudng hgp nay, mgt dieu khoan kiem soat ehat lugng trong hgp ddng li-xang se giiip chu sd hiiu kiem soat tdt chit lugng cua hang hda/dieh vy duge san xuit/cung ling bdi ngudi khae nhung mang nhan hieu Clia minh. Su kiem soat nay ed the the hien thdng qua hai each thiic:
Thu nhdt, chu sd huu ed thi kilm soat true tiep chat lugng cua san phim/dich vu d giai doan san xuat/cxmg iing theo hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu. Cu the, ben chuyin giao se yeu cau ben duge ehuyin giao budc phai ap dyng phuong thiic, cdng nghe san xuit eua minh hoac mua nhung nguyen vat lieu can thiet cho viec san xuit/cung iing san pham/dieh vu tir eac ngudn eung iing do ben chuyin giao chi dinh (thudng la chinh chu sd huu hoae eae nha cung ung ma chu sd huu da biet va tin tudng ve chat lugng).
Phuang thirc nay thudng lien quan mat thilt dSn mgt loai "dieu khoan di kem" - diSu khoan tie-in. Dieu khoan tie-in dat ra nghia vy budc ben duge chuyin giao phai ddc quyIn mua eac san phim hoac eac nguyen lieu ein thilt eho sy khai thac quyIn SHTT duge chuyin giao'' do ben chuyin giao hoac nhiing ben do chu sd hiru chi dinh cung irng.
Guy Tritton, Intellectual property in Europe, 2nd Edition, Sweet & Maxwell, London, 2002, tr. 669.
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NHA NU'OC VA PHAP LUAT Tren thye tl, dieu khoan tie-in thudng bi
xem la ndi dung khdng duge phep thda thuSn trong hgp ddng li-xang quyIn SHCN vi cac ly do:
Mot Id, dieu khoan tie-in thudng se han che kha nang cua ben nhan li-xang trong vi?c lua chgn ddi tac thuang mai. Vl nguyen tac, doanh nghiep ludn ed quyen lua chgn ddi t^e cho minh dya vao quan he thuang trudng ciing nhu qua cac cude dam phan, diu thiu... Thdng qua do, doanh nghiep cd the lya chgn duge mgt hoae nhilu ddi tae phu hgp, cd the dap iing duge nhu cau va yeu cau eua doanh nghiep vdi mdt miic gia thoa thuan phu hgp vdi mdi ben.
Trong khi dd, neu ehu sd hiiu yeu eau ben nhan li-xang chi duge phep giao dich vdi chinh chu sd huu hoae vdi mgt sd nha eung ling duge ehi dinh thi lue n^y, bSn nhan li- xang khdng edn quyen lua chgn ddi tac kinh doanh thich hgp vdi minh mgt each tu do niia. Dieu nay ed the anh hudng khdng nhd den edng viec kinh doanh cua ben nhan li- xang, bdi nd ed the anh hudng den quan he tren thuong trudng cua doanh nghiep ciing nhu dat doanh nghiep vao tinh trang bat Igi.
Hai Id, tir viee ban che kha nang lya chgn ddi tac kinh doanh cua ben duge chuyen giao, dieu khoan tie-in nay cd the dat ben duge chuyen giao vao nhiing giao dich bat Igi ve gia ea. Do nghia vu rang bude bdi dieu khoan tie-in, doanh nghiep nhan li- xang rit dl bi ddi tae (la chinh ben chuyin giao hoac mgt nha eung iing do ben ehuyen giao chi dinh) ep gia eiing nhu dat vao eac vi thi bit Igi khac trong giao dich. Bdi le, trong moi hoan canh, ben duge chuyen giao khdng cd su lya chgn nao khac ngoai viec mua nguySn lieu, san pham tir ben chuyen giao hoac tir eac nha eung iing chi dinh.
Dilu nay cd the anh hudng rat Idn den hieu qua kinh doanh cua ben duge chuyen giao cung nhu anh hudng xau den khach hang.
Nguyen do la vi gia ea nguyen vat lieu Idn se dan den gia thanh san pham hi nang Ien eao. Trong trudng hgp dd, khaeh hang se gap bat Igi ve gia ca neu mudn mua san pham minh mong mudn. Khi do, doanh nghiep se bi dat vao vi thi bit Igi trong kha nang eanh tranh ve gia vdi cae doi thu khac.
Ngugc lai, neu giii nguyen gia thanh thi doanh nghiep lai khd cd thi thu duge Igi nhuan thich dang.
Ba Id, tu hai hau qua tren, dieu khoan tie-in nay cd the hdp meo thi trudng eanh tranh, gay anh hudng din nin kinh tl, quyIn Igi Clia ngudi tieu diing cung nhu hoat dgng kinh doanh eua doanh nghiep duge chuyen giao^.
Do dieu khoan tie-in ed the cd nhung tae dgng tieu cue ke tren, tren thye te, phap luat hau nhu khdng eho phep cac ben thoa thuan quy dinh loai dieu khoan nay trong hgp ddng li-xang. Phap luat Viet Nam tai diem e Khoan 2 Dilu 144 Luat SHTT ed quy dinh:
"Hgp ddng sir dyng ddi tugng sd hiiu cdng nghiep khdng duge ed eac dieu khoan ban ehe bat hgp ly quyen ciia ben duge chuyen quyen, dac biet la cac dieu khoan khdng xuat phat tir quyen eua ben ehuyen quyen sau day: (...) (e) Budc ben duge ehuyen quyen phai mua toan bg hoac mgt ty le nhat dinh eae nguyen lieu, linh kien hoae thiet hi Clia ben chuyen quyen hoae eiia ben thii ba do ben ehuyen quyen chi dinh (...)"
Ndi dung loai dieu khoan "ban ehe bat hgp ly quyIn eiia ben duge chuyen quyen"
duge thi hi$n tai quy dinh nay ehinh la ban ehat eua dieu khoan tie-in.
Phap luat Lien minh chau Au tuy khdng dl cap rd rang den ngi dung dieu khoan tie- in, song tai Khoan 1 Dieu 101 Hiep ude ve Chiic nang cua Lien minh chau Au cd quy dinh: "cac ben khdng duge phep ed nhiing thda thuan gay anh hudng xiu din thi trudng ngi dia nhu ngan can, han che hoac bdp meo
5 Guy Tritton, Inteltectuat property In Europe, 2nd Edip'on, tidd, tr 669.
, NGHIEN CUUI n o 86 23 (279) T12/2014V-LAP P H A P l ^^
NHA Nu'dc VA PHAP LUAT thi trudng canh tranh ndi dia", trong dd cd bao gdm "hanh vi phan ehia thi trudng hoac ngudn cung ling"^. CJ day, "ngudn cung img"
cd till hilu la ngudn cung img hang hda hoac nguyen vat lieu san xuat... Trong khi dd, nhu da phan tich, dilu khoan tie-in trong hgp ddng li-xang cd thi gay nhung anh hudng xiu din thi trudng eanh tranh. Do dd, theo quy dinh tai Khoan 1 Dilu 101 Hiep ude nay, dilu khoan tie-in la ndi dung eac ben khdng duge phep thoa thuan.
Tuy nhien, dilu dd khdng ed nghia la trong mgi trudng hgp, cac ben khdng duge phep dua dilu khoan tie-in vao hgp ddng ma vin cd nhung ngoai le, theo do cho phep cac ben thoa thuan dilu khoan tie-in ndi ehung va trong trong hgp ddng li-xang ndi rieng trong trudng hgp nham muc dich kiem soat chdt luang sdn pham/dieh vu. Theo quy dinh cua phap luat EU, miln la van de kiem soat chit lugng va dieu khoan tie-in: (i) cd lien he mat thilt vdi ban chat eua nhan hieu - ddi tugng ehinh eua thda thuan ve li-xang nhan hieu, va; (ii) can thiet de duy tri uy tin, sy tdn tai cua nhan hieu, thi nhiing ngi dung nay se nam ngoai pham vi eua Dieu 101(1) Hiep ude ve Chirc nang cua Lien minh chau Au'. Dilu nay duge ly giai dya tren mgt thyc te la chat lugng eua nguyen vat lieu se anh hudng true tiep den chat lugng cua san pham, dae biet la vdi nhihig san pham edn duge san xuat tir nhiing nguyen lieu dac biet, dac trung. Thdng thudng, ehu sd hiiu thudng mong mudn duy tri chat lugng san pham hang hda san xuat theo hgp ddng li-
xang bang each quy dmh nghia vu rang budc ben nhan li-xang phai mua mgt sd lugng nguyen lieu hoae vat lieu thd nhat dinh tir chinh chii sd hihi hoae tir ngudn cung img ehi dinh. Nlu nhiing rang huge nay la dae biet quan trgng va cin thiet dl khai thac mgt each "thich dang va hgp ly" nhan hieu, thi dilu khoan tie-in khi dd se duge eoi la phu hgp vdi quy dinh Clia Dieu 101(l)Hiepude vl Chiic nang cua Lien minh chau Au^
Nguyen tie nay duge ghi nhan trong hai an le eua Lien minh chau Au la vy viee Cam- pari^ va vy viee Moosehead/Whitbread^"
(xem box),
Tai dilm c Khoan 2 Dilu 144 Luat SHTT Viet Nam ciing cd quy dinh tuong ty.
Theo dd: "Hgp ddng sir dyng ddi tugng sd hihi edng nghiep khdng duge ed eae dieu khoan ban ehe bat hgp ly quyen eua ben duge ehuyen quyen, dac biet la cae dieu khoan khdng xuat phat tu quyen eua ben ehuyen quyen sau ddy: (...) (c) Budc ben duge chuyen quyen phai mua toan bd hoac mdt ty le nhat dinh cae nguyen lieu, linh kien hoae thiet bi cua ben chuyen quySn hoae eua ben thii ba do ben chuyen quyen chi dinh md khong nhdm mwc dich bao ddm chdt luang hdng hoa, dich vu do ben duge chuyen quyen sdn xuat hoac cung cap".
Quy dinh tren cho thay, mien la dieu khoan tie-in nham "myc dich dam bao chat lugng hang hda, dieh vy do ben duge chuyen quyen san xuat hoac cung cap", eae ben hoan toan ed the thoa thuan ve ndi dung nay trong hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu cua minh.
6 Dieu 101(1} Hiep ddc ve Chdc nang cua Lien minh chau Au quy dinh (nguydn vin): '"The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with die internal market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affed trade between Member States and which have as their objed or effed the pre- vention, restncUan or distortion ofeompedtion within the internal market, and In particular those which: (...) (c) share markets or sources of supply;
7 Guy Tritton, Intellectual property in Europe, 2nd Edition, tidd, tr 669.
8 Guy Tritton, Intellectual property in Europe, 2nd Edition, tr 669.
9 Case Re Campari, Case 78/253, [1978] 2 C.M.LR. 397, trich tifGuy Triton, Intellectual pmperty in Europe, 2nd Edition, tidd, trang 670.
10 Case Moosehead/WhiWread [1990] O.J.LlOO/32; [1991] 4 C.M.LR. 391, tiidi tif Guy Tritton, Intetledual property in Eu- rope, 2nd Edition, ddd, trang 670.
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I LAP P H A P V s a 23 (279) T12/2014
NHA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT
An le Campari la ve mot hdp dong li-xSng san xuat san pham giai khat noi tieng mang nhan hieu Campari. Trong hdp dong li-xang, ben nhan li-xang bj rang bupc bdi cac nghia vu theo dieu khoan tie-in: (i) thu hep pham vi nguon nguyen lieu, theo dd chi du'dc san xuat thu'c udng nay tCi' cac loai thi/c vat dac biet cd kha nang dam bao va duy tri chat lu'dng cua san pham; (ii) mua chat hoa hoc Albumin va loai cam ehua dac biet tLf nha cung ling do chu sd hull chi dinh de dam bao du'dc chat lu'dng san pham theo tieu chuan;
(iii) mua pham mau va cac hon hdp thi/c vat tu* chii sd hijli, Uy ban Cong dong chau Au nhan djnh cac nghTa vu nay xuat phat tii" mot "noi lo hdp phap" (legitimate concern) cua chu sd hii'u lien quan den viec mong muon dam bao san pham san xuat theo hdp ddng ll-xang nhan hieu se cd ciing chat lu'dng y nhu" san pham do chfnh chu sd hiJu san xuat, do do, cac dieu khoan tie-in trong hdp dSng nay dUdc coi la hdp phap.
An le Moosehead/Whitbread la ve hdp dong li-xang nhan hieu va bi mat kinh doanh lien quan den viec u san xuat bia mang nhan hieu Moosehead giiJa nha may san xuat bia Moosehead quoc tjch Canada va mot nha may ciia Anh. Trong hdp dong nay cd quy djnh nghTa vu cua ben nhan li-xang phai mua men bia (yeast) tir chii sd huU - nha may san xuat bia Moosehead hoac tu' cac nha cung CiYig do chii sd hij'u chi dinh. Uy ban Cpng dong chau Au nhan dinh thda thuan dieu khoan tie-in nay khdng vi pham phap luat bdi nd can thiet de dam bao chat lu'dng cua san pham bia Moosehead khi du'dc san xuat bdi ben nhan li-xang.
Thie hai, chd sd hihi cd the dat sy kiem soat tren san phim/dich vu mang nhan hieu ciia minh trong trudng hgp li-xang thdng qua viSc dua ra cac dieu kien, yeu cdu ve chit lugng kiem duyet de san pham/dieh vu san xuat theo hgp ddng li-xang duge dua ra thi trudng. Cd nghTa la, tham ehi chu sd hiiu khdng yeu eiu ben duge chuyen giao phai ap dung phuang thiie san xuat eua minh hoae mua nhiing nguyen vat lieu tu nhiing nha cung iing chi dinh, thi chu sd hihi van cd thi dam bao quyen Igi cua minh bang each dua ra yeu cau kiem soat chat lugng eua san phim/dich vy trude khi ehiing duge dua ra thi trudng. Nhiing dilu kien, yeu eiu vl chit lugng nay cd thi duge xay dyng dya tren ehinh khudn mau hang hoa/dich vy duge san xuit/cung ling bdi ehii sd hihi.
Viee dl ra eac yeu cau nay tao dieu kien eho ben duge ehuyen giao linh dgng ban trong viee tim ddi tac cung cap nguyen lieu can thilt dl san xuit/cung ung hang hda/dieh vy,
phu hgp vdi dilu kien san xuat, kinh doanh Clia minh; ddng thdi cung van dam bao duge hang hda/dieh vy do ben nhan li-xang san xuit ludn duy tri duge chit lugng nhu chinh hang hda/dieh vy nguyen gdc (do chu sd hiiu san xuat/cung iing).
3. Dieu khoan kilm scat chit luomg trong hgp dong li-xang nhan hi^u theo phap luat Lien minh chau Au va phdp luat Vi^t Nam Trong he thdng phap luat eua Cdng ddng Lien minh chau Au, nhan hi?u va cac van de ed lien quan (bao gdm li-xang) duge dieu chinh chii yeu bdi Chi thi eua Nghi vien chau Au va Hgi ddng Lien minh chau Au sd 2008/95/EC vl viee thdng nhat quy dinh cua cac qude gia thanh vien ve nhan hieu va Quy che cua Hgi ddng Lien minh chau Au sd 207/2009 ve Nhan hieu cdng ddng". Trong khi dd tai Viet Nam, nhan hieu duge quy djnh chung vdi cae ddi tugng quyen SHTT khac nhu sang ehe, quyen tac gia, kieu dang
11 Nhan hieu Cpng dong la mpt loai nhan hieu dac biet cua Cong ddng Lien minh chau Au. Tai Lien minh diau Au, ngddi ta chia nhan hieu thanh 4 loai cSh ed vao pham vi bio ho eiia nhan hieu: nhan hieu quoe gia (national dademark) - di^c
Sd 23 (279) T 1 2 / 2 0 1 4 ^ L A P P H A P l
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NHA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT cdng nghiep... trong mdt dao luat thdng nhit - Luat SHTT va cae van ban hudng din thi hanh.
Dilu khoan kilm soat chit lugng san phim/dich vu duge san xuit/eung irng theo hgp ddng chuyen giao quyen sii dung nhan hieu thudng duge quy dinh trong hgp ddng U- xang san xuat/cung img san phim/dich vy hoac hgp ddng nhugng quyen thuang mai.
Trong hgp ddng phan phoi, ben nhan li-xang chi thye hien quyen phan phdi lai san phim mang nhan hieu, cd nghia la san phim mang nhan hieu vin duge san xuat bdi chii sd huu, do dd ehit lugng hang hda mang nhan hieu la do ehu sd hiiu chiu trach nhiem. Trong trudng hgp nay, giiia hanh vi phan phdi san pham ciia ben duge chuyen giao vdi chat lugng cua san phim khdng ed moi lien he ve ban chit. Do dd, d loai hgp ddng nay nay, khdng xuat hien van de Idem soat ehat lugng san pham.
Dya vao tim quan trgng cua viec kiem soat chat lugng ddi vdi sy tdn tai ciia nhan hieu va uy tin eiia doanh nghiep, v&n dS nay thudng duge de cap trong hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu tren thyc te. Theo quy dinh cua diem (e) khoan (2) Dieu 8 Chi thi
2008/95/EC eua Nghi vien chau Au va Hdi ddng LiSn minh chau Au ciing nhu diem (e) khoan (2) Dilu 22 Quy chi 207/2009 Hpi ddng Lien minh chau Au ve Nhan hieu cdng ddng, dilu khoan ve kiem soat ehat lugng duge xem la ndi dung eo ban va can thiet trong ngi dung cua hgp ddng li-xang nhan hi?u. Cy thi, eac dieu luat nay quy dinh:
Chu sd hihi nhan bieu ed the vien dan cae quyIn cd duge tir nhan hieu dd de ehdng lai ben nhan li-xang trong trudng hgp ben nhjin li-xang vi pham bat ed quy dinh nao trong hgp ddng li-xang lien quan den cac van de ve thdi han, loai hinh each thirc sir dung nhan hieu, pham vi san pham/dieh vu duge gin nhan hieu, pham vi lanh thd sii dung nhan hieu va vdn de ve chdt lu(mg sdn pham/dieh vu du(rc sdn xuat/cung ung bai ben nhan li-xdng^^. Theo quy dinh cua phap luat Lien minh chau Au, thda thuan nay trong hgp ddng li-xang duge xem la co sd nin tang eho bat cir tranh chap nao phat sinh tic hgp ddng li-xang lien quan den van de chat lugng san pham/dieh vu cd nguy ca gay anh hudng den uy tin eua ehu sd huu. Ve nguyen tac, nhiing ngi dung ciia hgp ddng
26
bao hg trong pham vi quoc gia; nhan hieu Benelux (Benelux trademark) - ddde bao hp trong pham vi lanh tho esc quoc gia Benelux (bao gom quoe gia Bi, Luxembourg va Ha Lan) chi can qua mdt thu tuc ding ^ duy nhat; nhan hieu Cong ddng (Community tiademark) - dude bao hp tmng pham vi lanh tho cua toan bo Cpng ddng Lien minh Chau Au dii can qua mot thu tue dMng ky duy_ nhat; nhan hieu quSc IM (Intemadonat tiademark) - ddde bao hd trong pham vi quoc te (cac quoc gia) theo Oiu tue eua Dieu ddc quoc t§ ve van de nay • Hiep djnh Madrid va Nghi dinh thd lien quan den Hiep dinh Madrid.
12 Khoin (2) Dieu 8 Chi thi 2008/95/EC quy dinh (nguyen van):
"(2). The proprietor of a trade mark may invoke the rights conferred by that trade mark against a ticensee who contravenes any provision in his licensing a}ntiad with regard to:
(a) Its duration;
(b) the form covered by the registration in which the trade mark may be used;
(c) the scope of the goods or services for which the licence is granted;
(d) the terntory in which the trade mark may be affixed; or
(e) the quality of the goods manufadured or of the services provided by the licensee."
Khoan (2) Dieu 22 Quy che 207/2009 quy dinh (nguySn vin):
"(2). The proprietor of a Community trade mark may invoke the rights conferred by that trade mark against a licensee who contravenes any provision in his licensing contjad with regard to:
(a) its duration;
(b) the fomj covered by the regisbation in which tiie trade mark may be used;
(c) tile scope of the goods or services for which the licence is granted;
(d) the territory in which the trade mark may be affixed; or
(e) die quality of the goods manufactured or of the sen/ices provided by die licensee".
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NHA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT li-xang nhan hieu duge liet ke tai Khoan 2
Dilu 8 Chi thi 2008/95/EC va Khoan 2 Dilu 22 Quy ehl 207/2009 khdng phai la ndi dung bat huge phai cd trong hgp ddng li- xang, ciing khdng phai la nhiing ngi dung duge liet ke theo tinh chit vi du tham khao, ma la nhiing ngi dung quan trgng can cd trong hgp ddng li-xang dl cd the sir dung lam can eii vien din de giai quyet tranh chap phat sinh (neu ed) ed lien quan sau nay'^ Vi dy, trong trudng hgp cac ben khdng thda thuan ve dieu khoan kiem soat chat lugng, hgp ddng li-xang giiia cac ben van khdng hi anh hudng ve hieu luc, vi phap luat khdng bat budc cac ben phai cd ndi dung nay trong hgp ddng. Tuy nhien, trong trudng hgp sau nay cd phat sinh tranh ehap lien quan den van de chat lugng san pham/dieh vu san xuat/cung iing bdi ben nhan li-xang, cac ben khdng thi vien din hgp ddng lam can cii de rang huge trach nhiem, nghTa vu eiia ben kia.
Khac vdi each quy dinh cua phap luat Lien mmh chau Au, each quy dinh eua phap luat Viet Nam vl cae ndi dung cua hgp ddng li-xang khdng thye sy rd rang. Cu thi, Khoan 1 Dilu 144 Luat SHTT quy dinh, ndi dung hgp ddng sur dung ddi tugng sd him cdng nghiep phai ed cac ndi dung chu yeu sau day:
(a) ten va dia ehi diy dii eua ben ehuyin quyIn va ben duge ehuyen quyen; (b) can cii chuyin giao quyIn sir dyng; (c) dang hgp ddng; (d) pham vi chuyen giao, gdm gidi ban quyIn sir dyng, gidi han lanh thd; (d) thdi ban hgp ddng; (e) gia ehuyin giao quyIn sir dung; (g) quyen va nghia vy cua ben chuyen quyIn va ben duge ehuyen quyen.
Viee su dyng cum tir "phai ed" d quy
dinh nay dan din each hieu la nhiing ndi dung liet ke trong dieu luat la ngi dung bat huge phai cd trong hgp ddng li-xang. Quy dinh nhu vay la khdng hgp ly vi mdt trong nhung nguyen tac co ban ciia hgp ddng la sy ty do thoa thuan. Cac ben trong hgp ddng ed toan quyen ty do dam phan thoa thuan nhung ndi dung minh eho la hgp ly va can thiet, mien la nhirng ndi dung dd khdng trai phap luat. Do dd, viee phap luat de ra nhiing ngi dung bat budc phai cd trong mgt hgp ddng la khdng phii hgp vdi cac nguyen tie eiia phap luat dan sy ndi ehung va phap luat Viet Nam ndi rieng.
Mat khac, ed the thay ro rang trong quy dinh nay, phap luat Viet Nam khdng de cap den van de kiem soat ehat lugng nhu mgt ngi dung ea ban va quan trgng cua hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu, ma chi de cap thdng qua van de phap ly lien quan den dieu khoan tie- m'". Viee khdng quy dinh "dieu khoan kiem soat chat lugng" nhu mdt ndi dung ca ban cin ed ciia hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu cd the eoi la mgt han ehe eua phap luat Viet Nam. Do lich su phat trien ciia ITnh vyc SHTT tai Viet Nam cdn non tre, kiln thiic phap luat SHTT ciia doanh nghiep Viet Nam cdn ehua vung vang, nen rat can ed sy hudng dan, quy dinh ro rang va chi tiet eiia phap luat. Cae quy dinh vl ndi dung co ban eua hgp ddng li-xang trong pbap luat ed the coi la ndi dung dinh hudng, tham khao can thilt dl cac ben luu y khi dam phan. Khi khdng cd sy quy dinh cua phap luat, doanh nghiep hoan toan cd the khdng de y den ndi dung nay. Tren thye tl, tuy phap luat khdng quy dinh eu thi, cac ben van cd the thoa
13 Nguyen tSc nay dddc tiie hi^n ro rang tiong phan quyet eua an IS Dior-Case C-59/08, Copad SA v. Christian Dior couture SA, Vincent Gtadet, as liquidator of Sodete indusb-ielte lingerie (SIL), Societe industi-ietie lingerie (SIL), [2009] All ER (D) 193 (Apr).
Ngudn: htip://curia.eurapa.eu/}uris/document/document.)sf'>docid=77989&doclang=EN 14 Van de ve diSu khoin tie-in trong phip luat Viet Nam da dddc phan tich tai Muc 2 eua bai viet.
, NGHIENCUUI 9 7 S 5 2 3 ( 2 7 9 ) T 1 2 / 2 0 1 4 ^ L A P P H A P ' ^ '
NHA NlfdC VA PHAP LUAT thuan ndi dung nay trong dieu khoan "quyen va nghia vu cua eae ben" - mgt ndi dung co ban Clia hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu theo dilm g khoan 1 Dilu 144. Tuy vay, viec cac ben khdng thda thuan vin dl kiem soat chat lugng trong hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu van cd thi xay ra va cd the anh hudng den uy tin ciing nhu viee kinh doanh cua ben chuyen giao. Trong khi dd, khi quy dinh ngi dung nay nhu mdt ngi dung ea ban cua hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu va la can cir de giai quyet tranh chip (nlu cd) theo each quy dinh cua phap lu|t Lien minh chau Au, cae ben se ed duge nhan thiie ro rang ban ve viee nen thoa thuan vl vin dl nay, cung nhu tranh duge riii ro vi thilu hieu biet ma khdng de cap den van dl dam bao chat lugng hang hda, dich vu khi li-xang, gSy anh hudng xau den chu sd hihi.
Do do, van de kiem soat chat lugng nen duge the hien ro rang, cu the trong luat nhu mgt ndi dung co ban cua hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu, vi nd la mgt trong nhiing ngi dung co ban va dae biet nhat cua dang li-xang nay.
Van de kiem soat chat lugng trong hgp ddng li-xang rat can duge phap luat dieu chinh mgt each hgp ly va diing dan. Bdi le,
neu quy dinh cua phap luat khdng rd rang, eac ben ed the lam dung van de nay de dua ra nhihig nghia vu lien quan den dieu khoan tie-in mdt each kbit khe ed chii y de gay anh hudng xau den thi trudng canh tranh vi cac ben cd hen quan. Trong khi dd, vi?c thieu sdt ndi dung nay trong hgp ddng li-xang nhan hieu gay nii ro rat Idn den uy tin ciia chu sd hihi ciing nhu sy tdn tai eua nhan hifu va quyIn Igi eua ngudi tieu diing. Chinh vi vay, phap luat SHTT \^et Nam can cd mdt c^ch quy dinh hgp ly ban ve van de "ngi dimg eo ban" cua hgp ddng U-xang ciing nhu bd sung vin dl kilm soat chat lugng nhu mdt npi dung ca ban nen cd trong hgp ddng.
Trong bdi eanh tang cudng bao hp quyIn SHTT eiing nhu su phat trien cua nin kinh tl, nhu cau ciia cae doanh nghiep doi vdi li-xang nhan hieu ng^y cang tang eao.
Do dd, mdt khung phap ly chat che, dSy du va hgp 1^ se la dieu kien quan trgng tien quyet giiip eho boat ddng li-xang nhan hi?u ndi rieng va li-xang cac quyen SHTT ndi chung thuan Igi, ddng thdi day manh duge boat ddng kinh doanh eua eae doanh nghi?p trong eac mdi quan he kinh te, thuang mai trong nude v^ qude tl •
CHl DP CHO P i l e . . .
{Tiep theo trang II) chinh Chuong trinh xay dung luat, phap lenh nam 2012 va nhiem ky Qu6c hpi khoa Xin da chmh thiic Ien ke hoach cho viec siia d6i Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL, LuSt SI quan QDND Viet Nam, Lu^t CAND, Luat t6 chiic TAND, Luat t6 chiic VKSND nen day chi la van dS mang tmh ky thuat va khong CO gi qua kho khan.
Cuoi ciing, do tmh chit trang trpng cua
nguoi diing dau Nha nuac, thay mat nuac Cpng hda XHCN Viet Nam ve d6i npi va doi ngoai, nen trong Luat ve hoat dong cua Chu tich nitac can cu thS hoa nghi thiic tuygn the trong IS nham chiic cua Chu tich nuac. Hinh ^nh thieng lieng ve le nh^m chiic cua Chu tjch nuac se cung c6 niSm tin d nhan dan, giup nhan dan vupt qua mpi kho khan bai Chii tich nuac thj hi?n tinh chinh ding, vua la trung tam chinh tri, vita 14 trung tam doan kk ciia dan tpc •
LAP P H X P ^ S S 23 (279) TIMOM
