Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
NGHIEN Cl)U XULY Nll6C NGAM TRONG KHAI THAC THAN DONG BANG SONG HONG THEO Hl/lOrNG THU HOI VA SUTDUNG TONG HOP TAI NGUYEN
In the coming years, the coal basin in the Red River delta will be exploited. However, it is also a water abundance bearing zone, meeting the water demands for industrial and civil purposes as well. Exploiting ground water together with coal resource is one of the proper trends of resource utilization and recovery.
f Three of the ground water treatment methods during
^carrying out coal exploitation have been referred to in
ithis paper | TS. NGUYEN VAN CHi
KS. TRAN TUAN ANH
CN. BUI MINH HOANG CN. NGUYEN H JNG DyONG Vien Khoa hgc Cong nghe Md- Vinacomin
Md' dau:
Theo quy hoach phat triin nganh Than thi d i n nam 2015, do lugng than khai thae trong nudc khdng du d l phat dien nen Viet Nam phai nhap k h i u than. CQng theo quy hoach, nam 2010, b l than d i n g bang sdng Hing (BTDBSH) da c6 md than dau tien hoat dpng. Tuy nhien, cho tdi nay chua e6 md than nao dugc khdi cong xay dyng d BTDBSH. Mat khae, nam 2010 la nam giQ'a mua mua v i n eat dien luan phien vi cac h i chCra thuy dien thilu 30- 50% lugng nude dy trQ', myc nudc sdng Hing da ha t h i p nhlt trong 130 nam qua, nude sinh hoat, tudi tieu trong ndng nghiep deu thilu tren dien rpng. Trude hien thyc thilu than, thilu nudc va BTDBSH ehuin bi dua vao khai thac, nam 2010, Vien Khoa hpe Cdng nghe Md da triin khai d l tai "Nghien CCPU XLP ly nudc ngim trong khai thac than ding bang theo hudng thu h i i va SLP dyng t i n g hgp tai nguyen" va da dat dugc met s l k i t qua ban dau.
Tai BTDBSH, tu' tren xueng tdi cac via than cd t h i khai thac {xem sa do cot dia tang) ed hai phCre he chCra nudc De
tCp (Q) va Neogen (N). PhCpc he chu'a nudc Q cd hai t i n g
CHU GIAI ] caikst
m^
F ^ y ^ Cupi san kS't | • ; -1 Da voi F ^ 3 PhJn I6p xien clieo t = ^ . H s^l kgl
[ l l l l l Da phien sel | " ' . ^ ' , ' | Quarzit | ' / ' , / | B a phun Irao \ — [Than
So" do cot dja tang
KHCNM s o 5/2011* DIA CO MO
T h o n g t i n k h o a hpc c o n g n g h e m o
chu'a nude (TCN). TCN tren (Q2) g i m cat, cat pha; TCN nam dudi (Qi) g i m cupi, sdi, eudi k i t nu-t ne. Hai TCN nay cd cd quan he thuy lyc tryc t i l p qua cae "cu'a s l thuy van"
trong lap set k i t day 10 met nam giQ'a hai TCN. PhCrc he chu'a nude Q day 100-^110m.
Chit lugng nude n g i m t i n g Qi t i t han nudc n g i m t i n g Q2. Chit lugng nudc n g i m tang N tren vach cac via than cQng dat tieu chuin khai thac.
Song Hing chay eat vao TCN (Q2kx) cua BTDBSH. Ldng sdng rpng 480m -f- 1440m, chilu sau I6ng 6-^7m. Mua kh6, luu lugng nudc song Idn tdi 12700m^/s. Mua mua, myc nude dang cao tdi 14,13m, vdi luu lugng 22.200m^/s. Song Hong cung c l p nudc eho tryc t i l p phCpc he chCpa nudc Q. Theo k i t qua bam thi nghiem, he s l t h i m t h i u K tu' lOm/ng.d d i n 60m/ng.d, he s l d i n ap a tCp 35m^/ng.d d i n 718m^/ng.d.
PhCpc he chCpa nudc N n i m dudi cac Idp cat k i t tram tieh Q nen phCre he chu'a nude Q la nguIn cung c l p nudc cho phCpc'he chua nudc N. PhCpc he chCpa nudc N cd ap lye, he s l t h i m t h i u K khoang 0,28- 0,45m/ng.d, cdn he s l d i n ap a khoang 30-45m^/ng.d. Nudc mua t h i m qua b l mat tren toan dien tich khoang sang eung he thdng kenh muang thuy lgi la nguIn e l p nudc
* Phwo'ng an khai thac nwdfc ngam dong hanh tai BTDBSH:
Thep d y tinh cua Xi nghipp Dja chit T r i e dja Ddng Trilu
[1], khi khai thae cac via than s l 3, 4, 14 tai Binh Minh theo phuang thu'c pha hoa toan p h i n thi lugng nude n g i m chay vao md tu' 8.462m% tdi 20.096m^/h (tuang dugng lugng nudc sach c l p chp mpt dp thi 150 ngan dan trong mpt ngay). Thep tinh tpan, trQ' lugng nude ngim Vei cua t i n g chu'a nude Qi a Binh
Minh khoang 245.956,950m^/ngay [2]:
D l khai thac nudc ngim trong t i n g Qi c i n xay dyng 20 16 khoan khai thac nudc vdi chilu sau 100 (nlu khai thac nudc t i n g Qi) hay 150m (khai thac nude t i n g Qi va phin tren t i n g N), Dudng kinh 16 khoan khai thae nudc khoang 600mm va luu lugng khai thac 166,7-^208,4m%/ll khoan (tuy dp sau 100^-150m).
Cac Id khoan nay dugc ching I n g tCp mieng tdi dp sau 60m d l each ly kh6ng cho nudc t i n g Q2 chay vao 16 khoan.
Doi tugng khai thae nudc la t i n g Ql tu' dp sau 60 tdi 100m va nudc phin tren cua t i n g N (tu' dp sau -150 trd len). Vdi thdi gian khai thac nudc ngim t i n g Qi trong vdng 10 nam bing 20 Id khoan hoat ddng ding thdi eung mpt luc thi tri s l ha t h i p myc nudc tai day c6 t h i dat tdi 18m.
* Khai thac nw&c ngam tren vach la "thao kho" mo
Nhu da bilt, lugng nudc chay vao md Q la ham cua nhilu biln s l : b l day d i t da chu'a nude M, he s l t h i m K, myc nude tmh H (ap lyc), lugng mua X...trcng dp viee
ha t h i p myc nudc tmh H (ap lyc) la myc tieu cua thao khd md. Ndi mpt each dan gian, n l u opt nude tmh tren mCre Id khai thac cao 300m chang han, duge ha t h i p 10%
(khpang 30m) thi lugng nudc chay vao md se giam tuang U'ng 10%. Do dd mpi hoat dpng khai thac nudc ngim ben tren khu mc ( d l tudi ndng nghiep, n j p i thuy san, phye vu sinh hoat, san x u l t cong nghiep...) d i u dan tdi ha t h i p mye nudc tTnh trong khu md (tCpc la thao kho md)...
Vdi he thing 20 gilng khoan sau 100m, cdng s u i t khai thae mdi gilng 4000m%g, thdi gian khai thae trong vdng 10 nam, thi tri s l ha t h i p mye nudc S = 10m (tu'c la thao khd dugc 10 met cdt nudc tren khu md). Do md nam ngay g i n sat song Hing, khi khai thae, ban kinh anh hudng lan tdi s6ng Hing va t i n g ehCpa nudc e6 quan he thuy lye vdi song Hong.
Phuang an khai thac nudc t i n g Ql theo tinh toan lam giam dugc khoang 0 . 1 % trQ' lugng cua t i n g chCpa nudc.
Vdi he thing 20 gilng khoan sau 150m, cdng suit m i i gilng 5000m^/ng, thdi gian khai thac trong v6ng 10 nam thi tri s l ha t h i p myc nude la 15,6m, hi$u qua "thao kh6" tang 56% so vdi phuang an khpan sau 100m.
Cac phwo'ng an xw ly nw&c ngam khai thac:
Md than d i n g bing se khai thac than Neogen nen dieu
KHCNM s o 5/2011* DL\ CO MO
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
kien hinh thanh va tinh chit nudc thai md cd nhilu d i l m tuang ding vdi nhQ'ng md than Neogen dang khai thae (Na Duang, Nui Hong...), khae vdi nudc thai cae md than da antraxit Quang Ninh.
TCP eae cdng nghe XLP ly nudc sinh hoat va nudc thai md than duge Cpng dyng tren t h i gidi va d Viet Nam, d l tai da chpn ra dugc 3 edng nghe phu hgp vdi 3 phuang an thu h i i nude cd the ap dung chp BTDBSH.
Phuang an 1: De thu h i i nude ngim ding hanh tren vach md than phye vu cho nuoi, tring thuy san, ein d i u tu 20 l l khoan khai thac nudc ngim (cdng suit t l i thilu 24 trieu m%am) va he thing XCP ly nudc khai thac dat tieu chuin nuoi, tring thuy san.
Cong nghe XLP ly nudc cd t h i ap dyng la lang hdn hap vai hap phu bang than hoat tinh. Nlu chl lly nudc nudi thuy san, cac 16 khoan khong c i n sau qua 100m.
Nlu c i n tang lugng nudc (tang hieu qua thao kho md) thi khoan, sau tdi 150m.
Phuang an 2: Dk thu h i i nudc ngim d i n g hanh tren vach md than phuc vy chp sinh hoat, e i n dau t u 20 16 khoan khai thac nudc n g i m (edng suit t l i thilu 24 trieu m^/nam) va he thing XLP ly nudc khai thac dat tieu chuin c l p sinh hoat. Cdng nghe XLP ly nudc ed t h i ap dung la loc nhanh ket hgp vai khu trung bang do.
Phuang an 3: Trpng topdng hgp khdng d i u tu he thing gilng khean khai thac nude ngim tren vach (kh6ng thao kho md), d l XLP ly nude thai chay vao md than dat tieu chuan tudi nong nghiep cd t h i ap dyng ccng nghe tmng hoa sua voi ket hgp keo tu va lang.
Dw tinh hieu qua kinh te Phuang an 2: Xay dyng 20 gilng khpan khai thac nudc ngim tren vach md va khai thae, XLP ly t l i thieu 24 trieu m^
nude nglm/nam tCp cac gilng khoan d l c l p eho sinh hoat la phuang an t l i uu v l mat kinh t l d l i vdi b l than d i n g bang sdng Hing vdi doanh thu t l i thilu 63.768.411.764.000 d i n g (tinh theo cac dan gia va djnh mCpc nam 2010).
Phuang an 3: Khdng khai thae nude ngim tren vach md va xay dyng he thing XLP ly nude thai md d l tudi ndng nghiep la phuang an kem hieu qua kinh t l nhlt vi khdng tan thu dugc tai nguyen nudc d i n g hanh ma chi phi XLP ly nudc thai md lai gia tang.
Phuong an 1: Xay dyng 20 gilng khoan khai thac nudc ngim tren vach md va khai thae, XU' ly t l i thilu 24 trieu m^
nude nglm/nam tCp cac gilng khoan tudi nong nghiep la phuang an co mCpc hieu qua trung binh. Nhin d g6c dp rpng Idn han, vdi n i n kinh t l huyen Khpai Chau chu y l u dya vac nong nghiep va nupi thuy san thi phuang an thu h i i nude 2 cc t h i la t l i uu vi chp tdi khi b l than d i n g bang
sdng H i n g dua vao khai thac thi myc nudc sdng H i n g edn xuIng t h i p nQ'a va nudc tudi neng nghiep se thilu t r i m trpng trpng 7 thang mua khd.
Ket luan
Vi vj tri, kich thudc edng trinh khai thac than cQng nhu tinh c h i t nude thai md than dang d giai doan quy hoach nen cac tinh toan v l chi phi d i u t u va van hanh chl mang tinh djnh hudng. Khi than d i n g bang sdng Hing dua vao khai thac, e6 nude thai md than, khi 66 mdi c6 ca sd dCp lieu 6k ehuan xac cac cong nghe XLP ly nudc b l than d i n g bang song Hing.
Chung tdi cho rang, trong cac phuong an tham dd BTDBSH va cac thilt k l khai thac than d day c i n tinh tdi kha nang tan thu nguIn tai nguyen nudc ngim ding hanh vdi cac via than vi nude ta dang budc vao giai doan vCpa thilu nude vu'a thilu than./.
Tai lieu tham khao:
1- Bao eao dja c h i t k i t qua khao sat, tim kilm, tham dd than d i n g bang sdng Hing (vung Binh Minh-Khoai Chau- Hung Yen) 2003, Xi nghiep Dja chlt-Trae dja Ddng Trilu, VQ Van T i l n .
2- Bao eao t i n g k i t d l tai
"Nghien CCPU XLP ly nude ngim trong khai thac than ding bang theo hudng thu h i i va SLP dyng t i n g hgp tai nguyen" Nguyin Van Chi va nnk, Vien KHCN
M P nam 2010.
KHCNM SO 5/2011* DIA CO MO
