Co hay khong "Xa hoi hoc sang tao"?
Tai sao Ichong!
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To Duy Hpp'"'
Tom at: Qua ldng quan Idi lieu Xd hgi hgc (Sgciglagy) chg thdv cd rdi it hiin „„dn nhung lg, eg nhieu hdm y "Xd hdi hgc vi Sdng Igo" (SoZlogy oFcrealon, DUud!2i Uit P^'lT^Jl *<" '^^ ^"'^« ''<"• (Contemporary sociology). Tuy nhiin cdn ahdi
c7n~m%gfho:'s^g ::d'"^"f * 'f ""• "'•^'"- *^* ^^M« w C
S, - , , - T , * ™ . ? * ' '^^'' 'fe ?/<« ndi Chung vd a Viit Nam ndi rilne Bdl IJio^ rCrenm-e thinking,, vg quan niem vl "Xd hgi hgc sdng tgg- nhim ldm rdHnl Tir khda: Xi hdi hpe vi Sing t,o, X i hpi hpc sing t,o, Tu duy sing lao. Sing lao hpc L Ve cic khai ni|m "Sing t^o" vi "Tu
duy sang tao"
1. Khdi niim "Sang Igo "
Trdn co so ling hpp mpt s i djnh nghta lidu bieu vi khii nipm "Sing tao"
cua T Lubarl (2004), R.W. Weisbcrg (2006). Tir dien vi Rdng lao (2007) G E Villalba (2008). Vipn lien minh chiu Au (2009), Scott Noppe-Braindon (2011) Ti chiic E-METRIXX MMXIII (2013).... lic gia ciia cdng trinh Gido due phdt Iriin ndng luc .sdng tgo da tdm tit nhirng dgc tinh ca bdn ctia "Sing l^o" nhu sau: 1) Li qua Irinh lu duy. ludng lupng'"' di hinh '•' GS.TS.. Hji xa hOi hpc Vr«l Nam. Kmai [email protected]
' Cin ptiSt bidu chinh xdc. ch$l che h(m- "/) Truu. he, lii qua Irinh lu day. tuang tugng...". boi
Uiinh cic y ludng mdi, cd gii trj dua tren cic kien ttllic khoa hpc ehung va chuyen nginh vi dpa uen cac xiic cim ci nhan; 2) Thiy dupe cic chiic ning. ciu tnic mdi ciia ddi tupng di quen biit; 3) Dpc l$p ldng hpp nhsmg each ihiic hoat dpng da biet ttiinh cich thitc heat ddng mdi; 4) Nhin Uliy nhihig each ^iii quyit khic nhau cho cimg mpt vin de; xic dinh cich giai quyet mdi hoin loin khic vdi nhimg cich giii quyet d i quen biii; 5) Sing tjo chi niy sinh ttong mdi tmdng noi cd cac dieu kien kinh ti, vin hda vi xi hpi khuyen khich s(r sang tao; 6) Dinh hudng Vl sang i?o dich Ihuc khong chr \i qui irlnh ii, duy luong mong ra cii mii, ma c6n li ,ui irlnh hoai dong. lao d^g lim xull hijn cii moi ihirc so ironi ihiic lien vd irfin thire ti.
Th6ng hn Khoa hpc x i h0i. 56 9.2016 tuong lai; 7) Sang tao gan lidn voi phat
minh va sang nghiep. hoc diroc va phat t r i k dugc (Trin Thi Bich Liiu. 2013: 8).
Can luu y rang, trong 7 dac tinh tren, dac tinh thu 5 khong tra ioi cau hoi "Sang tao la gi?" nen khong dugc tinh den trong djnh nghia khai niem "Sang tao"; dac tinh thu 7 CO van de 6 ch6 khong coi "Phat minh"**' va "Sang nghiep"*"' la loai hinh sang tao!? Le ra phai noi/viet rang: Sang tao noi chung, phat minh \'a sang nghiep noi rieng co the hpc dugc va phat trien dugc; con dac tinh thti nhat mac 16i logic la dS quy gian qua trinh sang tao vd qua trinh tu duy sang tao. tiic la da quy gian cai toan the ve mpt bp phan hgp thanh cua no.
Chuorng trinh "Sang tao Vi?t" tren kenh Truyen hinh VTV3 dua ra 3 tieu chi danh gia cac cong trinh sang tao Viet: 1) Co tinh men (tinh khac bi?t), 2) Trinh dp sang tao (tinh dot pha sang tao). 3) Co tinh ijmg dung noi chung va co kha nang thuong m^i hoa noi rieng. 3 tieu chi nay dugc coi binh dSng ve diem so: m6i tieu chi deu dugc cho 1.000 diem, tuong duong tien thuang la 1 tri?u dong. Han che CO ban ciia chuong trinh nay la chi quan tam den mpt logi hinh sang tgo, do la sdng che ky thuat!? Trong khi. n3ng luc sang tao cua ca nhan hoSc/va tap th6 c6 the dugc trien khai thong qua nhieu loai hinh khac nhau; chi it la 3 logi hinh sang tao co ban, do la sang chS ky thuat. sang lac van hpc va nghe thuat. v^ phat kidn, phat minh hay kham pha khoa hpc (thuc chat la sang tao trong va bang khoa hpc).
Tir "Phdt minh" dirpc tac gii djch ra tir
"Innovation" trong lieng Anh. ThtfC ra,
"Innovation" ndn djch sang ti^ng Vi^t la "d^i m6i"
hay \& "c5ch tSn" thi phu hpp hem.
' Tir "Sing nghi$p" dupe tac gid djch ra tir -Entrcpreneurship" irong liing Anh.
Uy ban Tu van quoc gia ve Sang tao va giao due van hoa ctia Vuong Quoc Anh da dua ra 4 dac trung co ban ctia qua trinh sang tao. bao gom: 1) Chua d^g qud trinh tuong luong: 2) Cd muc dich dua cdi tu&ng luQTig vdo qua trinh hogl ddng di fqoy tu&ng m&i nhdm muc dich ndo dd; 3) Tgo ra cdi mdl mang tlnh nguyen hdn. cd su ke (hita nhirng cdi dd ton tat trong qud khii (nhitng khdng phdi la .su tdi tgo cdi dd cd); 4) Cudi ciing. y tu&ng dd phdi cd gid iri (Theo: Trkn Thj Bich Lieu, 2013: 8-9).
Quan niem nay co the coi la m^t djnh nghia thao tac khai niem "Sang tao"; tuy chua day du. nhung no d3 ghi nhan mpt so dac trung CO ban cua qua trinh sang lao.
do la: i) site tu&ng tuong, u) di .xudi y tu&ng m&i. iii) ldm xudt hiin cdi m&i ihgt .su. va iv) cd gid iri.
Tom lai, Sdng tgo la qud trinh phuc hap (da chiiu canh. da cdp d(). nhiiu giai doan. nhiiu logi hinh) idm xudt hiin tlnh m&i hogc/vd cdi m&i cd y nghTa (tdn tgi hogc/vd phdt trien). vd cd gid tri (Ifri ich, chdn. thiin. my, linh thiing). do tu nhiin (Ur nd) dot sinh hogc/vd do nhdn logi (con ngic&i. cdng dong ngu&i) tu gidc dgt phd.
Ban tinh ciia "Sang tao" \k duong tinh. dpt sinh. Ban chSt cua "Sang tao" 1^
doi/hgp (tue la su mau thuan - thong nhat bien chung) giiJa cac mat d6i lap nhu: Lap trinh hoSc/va thyc hien, thidt kd ho$c/v^
thi c6ng, kd thira (t&\ tgo) ho3c/v^ d6i moi (each tan), tipm tidn ho&cJva dpt bidn, myc tieu (can dat dugc) hoac/va IJ tudng (s5 huong tdi), gia tri vat chSt hoac/va gia trj linh than, gii iri kinh td hoac/va gia trj van hoa. gia trj thyc dung ho§c/va gia tri tam linh. ..
2. Khdini^m "Tuduy"
T6ng - tich hgp hat nhan hgp ly ctja rii nhi^u djnh n^Ta ve khai ni?m "Tu
m
„ £ , . ia ^.^/ UlS. UUa la IjLUIll IIICIII S£lU d a y
ve tu duy:
"Tu duy la boat dgng tam I> a cap dp y thuc (hull thuc). I>" tri. Iy tinh, tinh than:
duoi cac hinh thiic co ban la khai nidm/pham trit. phan djnh {bao gom phan doan/nhan dinh). lap luan (bao gdm luan ket/luan chimg); bang cac phucmg thiic thao tac dac trung nhu phep phu dinh.
phep hpi. phep tu>en. phep keo iheo. phep lugng tir hoa. phep tucmg duong. phep thti ly, neu van de/dua ra gia ihu\dt/l> thuydt va cac phucmg phap dac trung nhu phan lich/iong hc^D. so sanh (tuong ddng/di biet). Irim lugng hoa/cy the hoa. khai quat hoa/rieng biet hoa. !y tuong hoa/hien thyc hoa, khach quan hoa/chii quan hoa; dugc the hi?ii thong qua ngon ngO (noi. nghe.
dpc. xici). qua hanh dpng (ca nhan. tap the). ciJng nhu dugc vgt hoa qua san phdm lao dpng ciia con nguoi va cpng d6ng ngudi; dugc danh gia bang thang gia trj/phan gia trj logic (chan ihyc'gia tgo hay dtjng dan/sai lam), gia tri/phan gia trj dgo diic (ihi^n/ac). gia tn/phan gia in thSm my (dcp/xau). gia trj/phan gia in thirc dyng (ich !gi/i6n hgi). gi^ trj/phan gia trj tam linh (thieng lidng/thd tyc)".
Ban tinh ciia "Tu duy" la iy linh. tinh than, Iniu tugng. khai quat. khach quan.
Ban chat cita "Tu duy" mang tinh d6i/hgp (ttic la m^u thuan bidn chimg giihi cac mat doi lap) giiJa ly iinh thuin ttiy hoac/va ly iinh thyc lien, irini tugng hoac/va cy ihc. khiii quat hoac^'va rieng bidl. khdch quan h<ijc \.i chti quan. luan kdl hoac/va lu§n chiing. diin djch hoac/va quy nap. chimg minh hoac/va phu bac, phan tich ho^c/va tdng hgp.
mieu ta luxiu \a giai thich, giai thich hoSc/va thSu hidu, thSu hidu hoac/va tidn doan. djnh linh ho$c/va dinh lugng. ly lugn ho$c/va kinh nghiem. Iy thuydt ho$c/\a thyc nghi?m.... Nui chung, ban
chat cita "Tu duy" la su doi/hgp giua phan anh ly tinh hoac/va sang tgo tinh than, va la sy lya chpn khinh - trgng giiia phan anh ly tinh hoac/va sang lao tinh than.
3. Khdi niem ** Tu duy sdng lao''''
"Tu duy .sdng tgo" iru&c hit cd nghTa la lu duy mang linh sdng igo. noi khac di.
sang tgo la thuoc tinh cita "Tu duy"; hon thd niia, sang tao la dac trung co ban cua
"Tu duy". 6 phan trdn. khi ban lugn \d ban chat cua "Tu du\", cho thay T u duy"
CO ban chal kep: vira phan anh. \'Lra sang tao, ha\' noi chinh xac hon ban chat ctia
"Tu duy" la tinh doi/hgp giiia phan anh hoac/va sang tgo. Do do. ndu tinh sang tgo u^i hon so voi tinh phan anh thi c6 "Tu duy sang Igo": trai lai, neu linh phan anh trpi ban so vcri linh sang tao thi co "Tu duy phan anh". "Tu duy phan anh" bpc lp ro trong chirc nSng midu ta hoac/va giai thich khi nguai ta nhSn thtic; tuy nhien.
voi chtic nang tim hidu (hay thau hidu) hoac/va lien doan (hay dy bao) ihi "Tu duv sang igo" noi trpi hem.
"Tu duy .-idng lao" cdn Id mdl hgi hinh CO hdn ciia "'Tu duy". "Tu duy phan anh" va "Tu duy sang tgo" co the coi la 2 loai hinh co ban ctia "Tu duy". Hai loai hinh tu duy nay khac nhau 6 cho: ndu ' T u duy phan anh" chti \d tai tgo. sao chep (re- creation, copy) doi tugng trong va bang lu duy Ihi trai lai. "Tu duy sang lao" chii ve sang tgo. kien tao (creation, construction) doi tugng trong va bang "Tu duy". Trung tam Khoa hgc Tu duy (CTS) thuoc Lidn hiep cac Hpi Khoa hgc va Ky thuat Vict Nam {VISTA. 2016) cho rang "Tu duy sang tao" la mpt yong 4 loai hinh co ban cua "Tu duy khoa hpc" noi ridng. va cita
"Tu du>" noi chung. B6n logi hinh co ban cua "Tu duy" do la: IJ Tu duy logic (Logic thinking) - d6i tugng ridng ciia
Thdng mn luiua WM^ AO u^i. au I Logic hpc (Logic), 2) Tu duy bien chting
(Dialectic thinking) - d6i tirong ridng cua Bien chOmg hpc (Dialectics), 3) Tu duy he thong (System thinking) - doi tugng ridng ctia He thdng hgc (System studies), va 4)
"Zi/ duy sdng tao" - ddi lugng rieng ciia Sdng tgo hgc (Creation studies).
Nhitng ddc diim quan trgng eda "Tu duy .sdng igo'^
+ D3c didm cau tnic ciia "Tu duy sang tao":
- Cde ddi/hirp thdnh phdn cua "Tu duy sdng igo"': muc dich hoac/va phuong tien;
dau vao (van de) hoac/va dau ra (y tudng mdi); iryc giac hoac/va logic; thir nghiem Ihat hoac/va thir nghiem ludng tugng; ke thira ho^c/va each tan; liem tien hoac/va dpt bien; npi sinh hoac/va ngogi sinh.
- Cdc ddi/h<ip logi hinh cua ""Tu duy sdng lad": sang tgo nho hoac/va sang tgo Idn; sang tgo nhanh hoac/va sang tgo cham; sang igo thudng ngay ho§c/va sang tao kham pha: sang tao cai tien hoac/va sang lao dpt pha; sang tgo ngh? thual hoac/va sang igo khoa hgc; sang tgo ca nhan hoac/va sang tgo tgp thd: sang tgo kinh td hoac/va sang tgo chinh tri; sang tgo kinh te ho$c/va sang tgo van hoa.
+ D3c didm chiic nang cua "Tu duy sang tgo":
- "Tu duy sang tgo" lam gia lang su khac bi?l. dp da dgng ctia tu duy va ton tai.
- 'Tu duy sang tgo" thitc day qua trinh tien hoa. lien bp cua lu duy va t6n tgi.
- "Tu duy sang tgo" hudng dan, dieu chinh ho$c thay doi hanh dpng ciia con ngudi,
- "Tu duy sang igo" kidn thidt mo hinh ndn kinh Id sang tgo va hinh thai xa hpi sang tgo.
+ Dac diem qua trinh ciia "Tu duy sang lao":
- Ddc diim chung: bao gom 4 giai doan cita qua trinh sang tao; 1) Giai doan chuan bi - san sinh y tudng mdi; 2) Giai dogn ap li - tu duy ve y tudng hay co hpi;
3) Giai doan phat tridn y tudng; 4) Giai doan thyc hien y tudng mdi (Tran Thj Bich Lidu. 20i3: 12).
- Qud irinh ddi m&i hay cdch tdn (Innovation) trong sang nghiep (Entrcpreneurship) vd nguydn tac dien ra theo cdc budc sau: 1) San xuat san pham mdi; 2) Thay doi qua trinh san xual san pham hay qua trinh cung cap djch vy; 3) Thay doi each thire tiep thj san pham ra thj trudng; 4) Thay doi nhan thtic va tam ly san xual va tieu thy san pham mdi trong to chiic va khdch hang; 5) Phat tridn thj trudng mdi qua phan khtic thj trudng va didu tra nhu cau khach hang (Tran Thi Bich Lieu. 2013: 12-13).
+ Dac diem phuong phap ciia "Tu duy sang lao":
- Do qua trinh sang tao bao hdm qua Irinh phan dnh. tdi tgo; cho nen cac phucmg ph^p tu dliy phan anh. tdi tao deu CO thd dugc sir dyng mgt cdch thich hgp.
- Trong cong Irinh Tu duy sdng tgo vd phuangphap nghien ciru khoa hgc, mpt so phuong phap lu duy va tim kiem gidi phdp sang lao da dugc gidi thieu nhu: (!) D^ng nao (Brainstorming); (2) Lap bdn dA tu duy (Mind Mapping); (3) LJ thuydt gidi cdc bai todn sang chd TRIZ; (4) Bidu do nhan qud; (5) 5W (Who, What. When.
Where, Why) va IH (How): (6) Sau chide non tu duy; (7) DOIT (Define, Open.
Identify, Transform); (8) Luu dd (Flowchart); (9) Tu duy dpi phd (Breakthrough thinking); (10) Phan tich nguydn nhdn goc re (Root Cause Analysis.
RCA) (Nhidu tdc gia, 2012).
... ,^u,.„ uiEiii >c Aa iiyi noc sang tao'' /. Win ngon hoae/vd hdm ngdn vi chd de/van de sdng Igo trong Xd hoi hgc
+ Chil de/van ii sang tao irong Xa hoi hpc duoi dang hien ngon
Trong cac tii di6n xa hoi hoc, hdu nhu khdng thay co muc tii "Sang tao", "Sang lao hoc" (Crealology), "Xa hpi hpc v6 Sang tap". "Xa hpi hpc sang tao"! ChSng ban nhu trong Collins dictionary of sociology (David Jary and Julia Jary, 1991) chi CO muc lii "Creativity" (tinh sang tao), nhung Ichong co cac muc tii
"Sociclogy of creation" (Xa hpi hpc vj Sang lap), hay "Creative sociology" (Xa hpi hpc sang lap)! Trong Tir diin xd hoi hgc (G. Endruwcil va G. Trommsdorff chil bien. 2002) va Ti, diin xd hgi hgc Oxford (0. Marehail chu biin. 2010) hoan loan ving bong cac muc tii niy (?)...
Chii iilvin ii "Sang tao". "Sdng tao hpc". "Xa hpi hpc vi Sang tao", "Xa hpi hpc sang tao" cung hdu nhu khong Ihdy cd Irong cac sach giap khpa, sach chuyen khao, hay sach tham khao xa hpi hpc.
Chang han, tiong cu6n Introductory .Sociology - Xd hgi hgc nhdp mdn (Tony Biltpn, et al,_2002). phjn Subject index (Bang chi din d6i luong) c6 "creative social action" (hanh dong xa hpi sang tao) it Irang 16-17. "creativity" (tinh sang tao) a irang 16-17; luy nhien, phin Glossary (Danh muc thual ngft) khong co cac muc til lien! Cuin Sociology - Xd hiV, hoc ciia A. Giddens (A. Giddens. 1997) en phfin Glossary (Danh muc thual ngii), bao g6m Basic concepts (cac khii nijra co ban) va ca Important Tenns (cac thu^l ngft quan trpng): luy nhien, deu khong thSy co cac myc lii "Sang tao", "Sang t^io hpc", "Xa hpi hoc ve Sing 1.TO". "Xa hpi lipc sang 190"! Irong phan Index (Chi dan ddi tuong) chi thiy cfi "created environment.
urbanism and die... - moi truong dupe sang tao. chu nghla do thi va..." a cac trang 478^(80. 6 do tac gia ban luan vi mpi quan he qua lai giua qua Irinh do thj hoa, loi song do thi voi moi truong dupe sang tao ra boi con ngucri va loai ngucii, nghTa 14 voi mdi mtcmg nhan tao (khac voi moi truimg tir nhien). Nam 2009.
trong cuon Sociology - Xd hgi hgc cua A.
Giddens (A. Giddens, 2009) cung chi thiy CO muc til "Created environment" (Moi truong dupe sang tao) 6 trang 1114-1115 (phan Glossary - Tii dien thuat ngu). Cu6n Sociologlcgl Theory - Ly thuyei xd hgi hgc ciia G_. Rirzer (G. Rirzer. 2000) co phfin chi dan doi tupng (Subject index) bao gom 13 trang. song chi co mpt muc lir
"Creativity" duoc nhac den 6 cac Irang 52-54. 140-141. 356 trong phfin npi dung cua sach!
Co mpt diju dfing ghi nhta la, tuy khong ii cap hoac it bfin luta vi "Sang lao" duoi d^ng hijn ngon, nhung khi de cap hoJc ban luan, cac nha xl hpi hpc phuong Tay to ra rat sic sao va sfiu sic.
Ching ban nhu trong Phfin 1-
"Inlroduction: Studying Modem Society - Nhap mon: Nghien ciiu Xa hpi hi?n dji"
cua cudn Introductory Sociology - Xd hgi hgc nhdp mon (Tony Bilton, et al, 2002), c6 Muc I- "Studying society today Nghien cihi xa hpi duong d^i", tiong do CO 2 muc nho de cjp iin vfin dj sfing 150 duoi d?ng hien ngon: Muc nho thii 5-
"The subject and society: creative social action - chil the vfi xfi hpi: hdnh dgng xd biii sdng Igo" {lr.l6), 0 day tac gia ban lufin 2 chiiu canh: mpt lfi, "We think, thcrefpre we are: conscious actors,' cregtivlly and agency - Ta lu duy, nghTa la ta tin tai: cac nhan chu lu gific, tinh .sdng tgg va tfic nhan" (tr. 16), va hai 14, "Others think like us loo: identity, the self and interaclion - nguiri la cung nghT giing nhu
Th6ng tin Ktioa noc x& n^i. s^ a s o t e chung ta: bdn sdc. ban than \ a su tuong
lac" (tr.l7). Muc nho thii 6- "Humans as creations and creators: the duality of structure and agency - con ngudi vdi tu each la ke duac .sdng tgo ra vd Id ke .sdng tgo: tinh 2 mat mau thuan/thong nhat giua cau tnic va tac nhan" (tr.18). day Id mpt nan de (tire la van de nan gidi). va nan dd nay gan vdi nan de khac. do la;
"Opportunities and limits: social life as enabling and constraining - Nh&ng ca hoi va nhung gidi hgn: ddi sdng xa hpi vira tao dieu kien, vira Id su cdu thuc" (lr.l9).
Cap doi/hpp (dialogic) khai nidm va song de (dilemma) ly Ihu; el giita cdu tnic (Structure) hoac/va tdc nhan (Agency) hay giua s\r cau thuc (Constraint) hogcAa sy sdng tao (Creativity) dugc A. Giddens coi la I trong 4 cap doi/hgp khai niem vd song dd 1; thuydt co ban trong Xa hpi hpc duong dgi (A. Giddens, 2009: 87-92).
Neu sdch "Tay" khong hoac rdi il dd c|p den chil de/van de vd "Sang igo",
"Sdng lao hpc". "Xa hpi hpc \d Sang tgo".
"Xa hpi hpc sdng tao" dudi dang hidn ngon, thi (nhu nhdn ndo - qua dy), sdch
"Ta" ciing chdng thdy ed su quan tam ndo ddng ke den chii dd/van dd vd "Sang tao"!
Chang hgn nhu trong cudn Xd hdi hgc (Pham Tdi Dong. Le Ngpe Hiing, 1997) luy CO Mfie I.-I Tinh sdng tgo vd chdi Ihitc liin cua xd hgi hoc (tr.9-11), d do tdc gid da khang djnh rang: -Xa hpi hpc tidm dn sire sdng tgo ldn lao va giau chdi thuc tien... xa hpi hpc chi cd thd khdng dinh tinh khoa hpc dich thuc ciia minh thong qua boat dpng tim toi. dy bao. kidm soat va hoat dpng thyc lien dd lam cho xS hgi ngdy cang vdn minh. cdng bdng va tidn bg" (tr.9): nhung khdng thdy cd chuong ndo dd cap ddn chii dd/vdn dd vd "Sdng tao" dudi dang hidn ngdn! Cudn Nghien ciru xa hgi hoc (Chung A, Nguyen Dinh Tdn. 1998) ciing khdng cd chuong'Xa hpi
hpc \c Sang tgo" hay " X J hgi hpc sang tgo"! Cuon Lich .sir va ly thuyit xd hgi hgc (Le \ g p c Hiing, 2009) khdng cd chuong, muc ndo thdo luan ve "Sang tao". "Sang tgo hpc". "Xii hpi hpc vd Sdng tgo". "Xn hpi hgc sang tgo" dudi dang hien ngon!
Trong bang chi ddn khai nidm ciia cuon ndy gan 7 trang ciing khdng thdy vo cdc khai nidm "Sang tao". "Sang igo hpc".
"Xa hpi hpc ve Sang uio". "X3 hgi hpc sdng lao"!
Bdn than chiing toi. trong cdc bai vidt.
chuong sach. bdo cdo ket qua nghien cim dd tdi khoa hpc, bai gidng xa hOi hpc n6i chung, xa hpi hpc nong thon ndi ridng trong may chuc nam qua ciing chua quan tdm diing mirc den chu dd/van de xa h^i hpc ve "Sang lao"; chua ngg ra duoc d;n Id mpt khuynh hudng chuyen nganh x;!
hgi hpc v;i co th^ la mdt chuyen ngdnh xd hgi hgc dgc lgp rtit quan trgng trong Xd hdi hgc dirong dai. Tinh trang hgn chd ndy do nhidu nguydn nhan khach quan vd chii quan; luy nhidn, co Id nguydn nhdn chinh id do chung la khdng ddm (hay khdng mudn) nghT, khong ddm (hay khong mudn) noi, khong ddm (liay khong muon) ldm xd hpi hpc khac'TdyV.. nghTa la. do chimg ta thieu hyt tinh than va ndng lyc sdng lao thyc sy trong Xd hpi hpc!?
+ Chit dd/van dd sang tao trong Xd hpi hpc dudi dang ham ngon
Ndu chiing ta quan tdm ddn hdm y (ngdmy. nggy. dny) vd "Sdng tgo" ihi co thd nhan Ihay cd 3 nhom khdi niim lien quan. do la: I) Sdng chi (Invention), Sdng ldc (Composition, Writing). Sdng lgp (Foundation), Sdng nghiip (Establishment), Sdng kiin (Initiative),...;
2) Tgo hda (Nature). Tao sinh (Generation), Tgo lgp (Establishment).
Tgo dung (Formation), Tgo thdnh (Making), Tgo y (Imagination), Kien tgo
»
j>-unbmiciion) c«e tao (Manufacture) 3) Tuy khong co hien ngon sang hoac tap nhung ham ngon chinh la sang lao hay la co tmh sang tao nhu Kien lap (Build) Xay dung (Construction) Khat kien (Onginal idea), Khiii xudng (Taking the Initiative), Phdt kiin (Discovery). Phdt minh (Invention), .Wc ludng tugng (Imagination), Nghiin cim (Research). Thiit ki (Design). San xudt (Production), Phdt triin (Development), Dgt sinh (Emergence). Cdch mang (Revplution).0,i/mm (Innovation)....
Ca 3 nhom khai niem co ham y sang l?o nfiy diu duoc sii dung trong c4c tfii liSu xa hpi hpc. til sach giao khoa. chuyen khfio. tham khfio, din cfic Ipai lii diin, bfich khpa thu, vfi din cfic bfii viit tren tap chi, cac bao cao kit qufi nghien ciiu di lai ly lufin va khoa hpc, cfic ky yiu hpi thfip ly luan vfi khoa hoc, cfic bfii giang xl hpi hpc. Tuy nhien, rat It nguiri ngd ra rimg dd chlnh Id .Kd hdi hgc vi .\tr.',dng tgo!...
2. "Xd hgi hgc sdng Ign" . mgt Ihiil ki thir nghipm
"Xa hpi hpc sang tao" se co 2 tu each:
mOl 14. Chuyen ngdnh khoa hiic xd hgi (luong img vdi Xa hpi hpc liiep nghTa h?p). va hai la. Lien - xuyen ngdnh ly ludn vd khga hgc xd hi'ii - nhdn vdn (tuong img voi Xa hpi hpc theo nghTa rpng).
• Chuyen ngdnh khoa hgc xd hoi c,,a Xd hgi hgc .vdng tag
+ "Xa hpi hpc \ i Sang tao" - mpi khuynh huong chuyen nganh irong Xa h^i hpc
Chii de/van di vi "Sang l?o" thuc ra 14 chil de/van di chung cua loan bo Xa hoi hpc. bao gim lii Xa hpi hpc dai cuong din XI hpi lipc chuyen biC-l, lii Xa hoi hoc ly thuyei den Xa hpi hpc thuc nghiem. tir X3 hpi hpc vT mo den N.1 hpi hpc vi mo. tii
Xa hpi hpc Iren thi gioi din XI hoi hoc a Viet Nam.
Viec hofin thien he tri thiic v4 phuong phap xl hoi hpc vi "Sfing tap" s8 duoc trien khai bing phuang thuc kit hap hdi hda 2 qud Irinh lu duy - hdnh dgng ddc thu hoa vd dgc Ihii rieng-. mot mai. tiin hfinh dac thu hoa tri thiic vfi phuong phap xa hpi hpc dai cuong sao cho phii hpp dii tupng dac Ulii cua "Xa hpi hpc vi Sang lao". do Ifi cac chii iilvin ii vi "Sang tao"; mat Ichfic phfii Ifim sang to dac thii rieng ciia cac chu di/vin di vi "Sfing lao". dac biel 14 dac Ihii rieng ciia "Xa h6i s4ng ISO", ma c6l I6i ciia no 14 cac hiep hpi s4ng tao (Creative Assosiations).
+ "Xa hpi hpc sang tap" - mpt chuyen ng4nh xl hpi hpc dpc lap duoc xay d(mg theo khung mau "X - logy"
"Xa hpi hpc sang lap" se dupe thii, ki vd thi cdng theo khung mdu "X - logy"
truyen thong chuyen ngdnh ly ludn vd khoa hgc ciia Xa hpi hpc dai cuong v4 Xa hoi hoc chuyan bi?t. bao gim;
- Khung cdc Ihdnh phdn ly ludn vd khoa hiic chuyen ngdnh xd hgi hgc sdng tgo. gom: I) Nhfip mon xa hpi hpc sang lap; 2) Hf khai niem v4 ly thuyil xl hpi hpc s4ng tao; 3) He phuong phap luan va phuong phfip xl hpi hpc sang tap; 4) He cac chii di/vin di xa hpi hpc sfing lao; 5) He ling dung xl hpi hpc s4ng lao;
- Khung cdc cong trinh nghiin cim (ca ban. img dung vd triin khai) ly ludn rd khoa hgc chuyin ngdnh xd hoi hgc .idng lag. bao g6m: I) Sach (gifio Irinh.
chuyen khao. iham khao. huong din) xl hoi hpc sang lao; 2) Bai viil xl hoi hoc sfing lap dang tren cfic lap chi ly luan va khoa hpc; 3) Bao cao kit qua nghien cim chuong uinh/de tai xl hpi hoc sang lao; 4) Ky yeu hpi thao ly luan vfi khoa hoc xl hpi hpc sang tao.
10 Thdng tin Khoa hoc xa hdi. sg 3.2016
* 7if cdch lien - xiiyen ngdnh ly lugn vd khoa hgc xd hgi - nhdn vdn cna "Xd hgi hoc .sdng tgo"
Tlieo hudng tidp can lidn - \u\cn ngdnh ]> ludn va khoa hpc xa hpi - nhdn vdn, "Xa hpi hpc sdng igo" sd dugc thidi kc vd thi cong theo khung mau "X .Studies", bao gom:
- He hgc liin -xiiyin ngdnh \\ luan \a khoa hpc xd hpi - nhan van \c "Xa hpi sdng tgo". gdm: 1) Cac trii cot hoc thual {Tam htic- Khoa hpc. Triei hoc. Dgo hpc):
2) He quan nidm [Tam quan: The gidi quan, Nhdn sinh quan. Thyc tien quan): J ) He ly thuydt nen tang (Tam thuyei nen lang: Thuydt bicn chimg. Thuydi khung mau. Thuydt khinh - trpng): 4) He ly luan long qudt [Turn ludn idng qudt: Ban the lugn. Nhgn thuc lugn. Phuong phdp lugn);
5) He ly luan long quat {Tam lugn long qudt: Thuc chimg luan. Dien giai luan, Phd phdn ludn); 6) He ly thuydt chuydn bidl {Tam iluiyet chuyen hiit: Thuydl chirc nang - cdu inic xS hpi. Thuydl hdnh dpng - tuang lac xa hpi. Hiuyet mau ihuan - xung dot xa hpi); 7) Hd phinmg phap N5 hpi hpc sang tgo
- Hi nghien ciru lien - xuyen ngdnh vi
"Xd hpi sdng Igo", gom: 1) Nghidn cim co bdn; 2) Nghidn cim img dung: 3) Nghien Cliu iridn khai.
- He gido due vd ddo tgo lien - vnvcn ngdnh ve "Xd hdi .sdng Igo" (3 trinh dp:
pho thong, dgi hoc irdn dai hgc), gdm: 1) Gido dye va ddo tao chuydn nghiep xa hpi hpc sdng tao; 2) Giao due va ddo tgo bdn chuyen nghiep \a hpi hpc sang lao; 3) Gido dye vd dao tao khdng chuydn nghiep xa hgi hpc sang igo.
- //[- inig ditng. time hdnh ticn - xuyen ngdnh ly ludn vd khoa hoc .xd hdi - nhdn van eua ".Vt? hdi hoc .sdng tao". gdm: I) Ung dung, thirc hanh cdc khai nidm vd Iv
thuydt \a hdi hpc sang tao; 2) Ung dyng.
thyc hanh cdc phuong phap luan va phuorng phdp xa hoi hpc sang lao: 3) Lfng dung, thyc hanh cdc k\ thuat vd k\ ndng xa hpi hgc sang lao.
Ket lugn
Cau chuyen binh thirong: "Tdv" cd thi "Ta" cd. "Tdy" cd "X.i hpi hgc ve Sang igo" thi "Ta" cung cd "Xa hgi hpc vd Sdng tao": dugc ihuc hien ihco phucmg cham:
Hoc ket hgp \di hdnh bdng cdng thirc 3H (Hgc tu. Hgc lgp. Hoc hdnh) ctia Khdng Tir va c6ng iluVc -IH (Hgc. Hoi. Hieu.
Hdnh) ciia Ild Chi Minh. "Ta" cd the tao khac bidl bdng quy irinh di lir ldi tao den sang lao bang cdng ihirc: 31 (Imitation - bat chudc. Improvement cai tien.
Innovation each lan). hay 31+D (Imitation - bai chudc. Improvement - cai tidn. Innovation - each lan. va Discovery - phdt kidn): hay 3hC (Imilalion bat chudc. Improvement - cai lidn. Innovation - each tdn, va Composition - .sang tdc);
hay 41 (Imitation bat chudc.
Improvement - cai lien. Innovation - cdch lan. Invention - sdng chd); nghTa Id Iheo nguydn tac: lir van dung mgi cdch sdn^
Igo den sung tgo trong van dung. Theo duong Idi do, "Ta" cd thd gdp phdn phdi Iridn chuyen nganh "Xa hoi hpc vd Sdng igo" len tam cao mdi va phii hgp vdi bdn sdc van hoa Viel Nam.
CSu chuyen bat thumig: "TViv" khdng cd "Ta" .vc" c('}\ "Ta" co ihd tien hanh theo nguydn tdc di lir tu duy mdi din hdnh ddng mdi dd .vdng tgo hodn todn m&i (A whole new Creation). "Ta" sd tidn phong Irong ihidl kc vd ihi cong "Xd hdi hpc sang lao" vdi lu each vira la mdt chuyin ngdnh Xd hgi hoc ddc lap. vira la mdt irung ldm liin - xttyin ngdnh ly ludn iV/
khoa hgc xd hdi - nhdn vdn ve ".\'d hot sdiifi tao" J
11
4
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