NGHIEN ClJU-TRAO DOI
(Macrohrachium rosenbergii)
ThS Nguyin Lg Hoang Y4'n, KS, Nguyin Bao Trung Ktioa Sinh hgc dng dicing - Trudng Dgi hgc Tdy 06
I. DAT VAN DE
Trtin qud' hien nay dtfdc xem nhtf ngudn thtfc an quy trong tfdng nudi cac dd'i ttfdng thuy sdn nhtf tdm hCim, ba ba, tdm su, tdm cang xanh,... cd gid tri dinh dtfdng eao cung cac acid amin thiet ydu, Cac san pham tff trim qud' dd dtfdc nghidn ctfu va ffng dung thanh cdng trong thuy san nhff: bdt ti-un, phan triln, dich trun que' Promin, BIO-T,... Trong dd, bdt triln qud' da dtfdc nghien cffu lam thtfc an bd sung trong ffdng au trung tdm su, cho ke't qua cha't Iffdng Postlorvae - 15 td't hdn thtfc dn nhap ngoai Frippak (Phan Thi BIch Trdm va ct\\, 2009). Ben canh dd, Nguydn Vdn Minh va ct^K, (2010) khi phan lap vi sinh vdt kidm sodt m i m benh trong trim que' (Perionyx excavatus) nhan thd'y: trong 13 chiing Bacillus sp. thi tha'y 3 chung Bacillus sp, dd'i khang vdi vi khu^n gdy bdnh vd khang manh vdi nhdm Vibrio. Mac du dtfdc tfng dung nhidu trong thiiy san nhtfng sff dung dich trun qud' trong san xud't gid'ng tdm cang xanh vSn cdn ban che', do dd ^'Thd nghiem sil dung dich trun que Promin trong Ucfng du triing tom cdng xanh (Macrohrachium rosenbergii) " dffdc thffc hien tai Trai thtfc nghidm khoa Sinh hpc ffng dung - Trffdng Dai hpc Tay Dd nham gdp phan ndng cao ti Id sd'ng a'u trung tdm cang xanh, ffng dung vdo thtfc tien san xua't, gdp phan phdt tiidn ben vffng nghe nudi tdm cdng xanh (TCX) vilng ddng bang sdng Cffu Long.
n . NOI DUNG VA P H f CfNG PHAP NGHIEN Cli*U 2.1. Ndi dung nghidn cu'u
- Anh hffdng cua lidu Iffdng, chu k.^ cho a'u trung an thffc an cd bd sung dich chief xud't triln que Promin de'n bie'n ddng cac yd'u td' mdi trffdng: nhiet dp, pH, TAN, N-NOj-, N-NGj-, khi tfdng TCX theo qui tnnh ntfdc trong kin.
- Danh gid bie'n dpng mat dp vi khuan Vibrio sp.
ti-ong qud trinh tfdng TCX, khi torn dtfdc cho an bang thffc an cd bd sung dich chie't xud't ti-un qud' Promm.
- Xac dinh ti le sd'ng PL15 TCX khi kd't thuc thi nghiem,
2.2. Phifo'ng phap nghidn cu'u Hjiiii LL Hinh dnh Triin que.
Thi nghipm dtfdc bd tii theo qui trinh ntfdc trong kin (khdng thay ntfdc tirong thdi gian thi nghidm) ti-ong he thong thi nghiem gdm 30 be nhtfa, cd thd tich 60 lit/be. Ntfdc tfdng co dp man I2%o dtfdc pha ttf nffdc dt va ntfdc ngpt. Au triing dtfdc bd' tri vdo bd vdi mat dd au triing 60 con/L vd the tich ntfdc ffdng la 50 Ht/bd. Thi nghidm dtfdc bd' tri hoan toan ngau nhien gdm 3 nghiem thffc, 3 lan lap lai vdi 2 nhan to' la 4 lidu Iffdng bd sung dich trun qud' vao thffc dn che bid'n (0, 1, 2, 3 ml/kg) va 3 chu ki cho 3 8 TAP CHi KHOA HQC CAN THd
NGHIEN c a u - TRAO BOI
Hinh 1,2. Sdn pham dich triln que Promin.
NguSn cung cap: cong ty triin que'An Phii
a'u triing dn thtfc an chtfa dich trun qud" khde nhau (moi ngdy, cdch 1 ngay, cdch 2 ngdy) xen ke vdi thffc an chd' bie'n binh fliffdng, khdng bd sung dich trun.
Ttf giai doan I de'n IV, d'u h t n g tdm dtfdc cho dn Artemia 2 lan/ngay vdi mat dp 3 - 4 au trung/mL.
Khi a'u tiling chuydn sang giai doan V, thtfc dn chd' bie'n dtfdc cho an 4 lan/ngay (7 gid, 10 gid, 13 gid va 16gid)va ke'thdpA/remmvdoltfc I S g i d v d i m a t dp 1- 2 a'u triing/mL. Ltfdng thtfc dn che' bie'n dtfdc cho an mdi l l n thda man nhu c l u bat mdi ciia a'u trung. Cdng thffc thtfc an che bid'n cd ban dtfa trdn cdng thtfc cua Nguydn Thanh Phtfdng va ct>\, (2003).
Cac hdu ltfdng khac nhau cua dich trun qud' dtfdc bd sung vao thtfc an sau khi dtfdc ca nhuyen theo cac kich cd mat Itfdi tff 300 - 700 urn, ttfdng ffng tffng giai doan phdt tridn cua au trung TCX.
Nghiem
I
II
m
thiJc
Bang 2.1. Sd do hd'tri thi nghiem
Ki hieu
Doi chii'ng l.N 2.N .^.N Doi chrfng
I.IN 2. IN .I.IN Doi chd'ng
1.2N 2.2N .1.2N
Nhan t o ' l L i l u liWng (ml/kg)
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
Chu ky cho an thffc an cd | bd sung dich t r u n i
Cho an moi ngay
Cho dn each 1 ngay
Cho an each 2 ngay
Ghi chu: Nghiem thdc ddi chdng sd dung cho cd ba nghiem thdc 1,11 vd 111
Trong thdi gian thi nghidm, chi tidu nhiet dp vd pH dtfdc ghi nhdn 2 lln/ngay (8 gid va 14 gid), cdc chi tidu TAN, N-NO^', N-NO^-, Vi khud'n Vibrio sp.dtfdc thu m l u trtfdc khi bd' tri thi nghiem va sau dd dinh ki 3 ngay/lan. Ti le sd'ng PL15 dtfdc xac dinh vao c\x6i thi nghiem.
Cdc so' lieu dffdc phdn tich vd tinh todn trdn may tinh bang phan mem Microsoft Office (Word, Excel 2003), xff 1^ thd'ng ke bang phan mdm StaUstica 5.0.
T>^P CHi KHOA HQC C A N THO 39
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO BOI m. KET QuA VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Cdc ye'u td'moi trti&ng.
• ]Mhi6t do »a pH: Cac yeu t6'nhiet do va pH trong suot thi nghigm nam trong khoang thich help cho Sljphat trien ciia tfu trClng TCX (28,5 ± 0,48°C - 31,3 ± 0,47''C va 7,87 ± 0,07 - 8,19 ± 0,06).
- Tong dam Ammonia (TAN: Total Ammonia Nitrogen): Ham lUdng TAN Mdng doi tha'p trong 7 ngay dau, sau do CO xu hildng tang d hau het cac nghiim thilc va dat cao nha't cl ngiy Udng thiS 10.
Tuy nhien, ttt ngay udng thiJ 13, h i m lUdng TAN giam va duy tri cho de'n cuoi chu kl Udng.
Ham lUdng TAN giam hieu qua d nghiem thilc ditdc cho an thtfc an c6 bd sung dich trim lilu Itldng la (3miykg) moi ngay va cdch 1 ngay. Cu thd, ham Itfdng TAN trung Mnh trong su6't chu ki tfdng 3 nghiem thtfc 3. IN (0,28mg/L) va 3N (0,32mg/L) dat thap nhJ't v4 giam tir 1,0 - 1,2 lan so vdi nghiSm thtfc doi chtfng.
Ngiy ifOiig 13 \e 19 22 2S Ng&y ifctllg
(b)
Ng^y iKIng ( a ) (b) • • " (c)
Hinh 4.1 Bie'n ddng hdm lUOng TAN d cdc nghiem thdc so vdi nghiem thUtc dd'i chiing (a). Au triing cho dn bdng thdc dn co bd sung dich triin vdi cdc LL khac nhau moi ngdy; (b). Au triing cho dn bdng thdc dn co bo sung dich triin vdi cdc LL khde nhau cdch I ngdy; (c). Au triing cho dn bang thdc dn co bS sung dich triin vdi cdc LL khde nhau cdcfi 2 ngdy.
Cud'i chu ky ffdng, nghiem thffc cho an thtfc an cd bd sung dich triln 3 ml/kg thffc an moi ngdy cd ham Iffdng TAN thap (0,15 mg/L), giam hdn 7 Ian so vdi ham Itfdng TAN d ngay tfdng thtf 10 (1,08 mg/L) vd thd'p hdn 2 l l n so vdi nghiem thffc dd'i chtfng (0,34 mg/L). Va ke't qua thi nghiem ciing phil hdp vdi nghien cffu cua Tran Thi Cam Hdng, (2008) nghiem thffc sff dung che pham sinh hpc c6 ham Itfdng TAN la (0,464 ± 0,003mg/L), trong khi nghidm thffc khdng sff dung che' phim cd ham Itfdng TAN la (1,826 ± 0,194mg/L).
Ham Itfdng Nitrite (N-NO^): Khuynh hffdng bie'n dpng N-NO^ d cac nghiem thffc ttfdng ddi gid'ng nhau trong sudt thdi gian tid'n hdnh thi nghiem vd dao ddng U-ong khoang 0,02 - 0,29 mg/L.
^ . - ^ r ^
(a) (b) (c)
Mnh 4.2 Bie'n dong hdm Imng N-NO; d cdc nghiem thulc so vdi nghiem thdc dd'i chiing (a). Au triing cho an bang thdc dn cd bo sung dicli triin vdi cdc LL khac nhau mdi ngdy; (b). Au triing cho dn bdng thdc dn cd bo sung dich triin vdi cdc LL khac nhau cdch 1 ngdy; (c). Au triing cho dn bdng thdc dn CO bo sung dich triin vdi cdc LL khac nhau cdch 2 ngdy.
40 TAP CH[ KHOA H(JC C A N THO
NGHIEN CUfU • TRAO B 6 |
Ham Itfdng N-NO^ trung binh cl nghiem thtfc cho an thtfc an co bd sung dich trun que moi ngay vdi lieu Itfdng 3ml/kg thtfc an (3N) it c6 sil bien dong va trung Mnh dat tha'p nha't (0,06 ± 0,02mg/L), so vdi nghiem thtfc doi chtfng (0,09 ± 0,06mg/L) thi ham Itfdng nay tha'p hdn 1,5 lan. Theo Trtfdng Qudc Phu, (2006), niuite la khi doc ddi vdi thuy sinh vat, ham Itfdng N-NO, nen dtfdc duy tri dtfdi mtfc cho phep (dtfdi 0,lmg/L), nhUng theo Nguyen Thanh Phtfdng, (2003) ham Itfdng N-NO, 3 mtfc 2 mg/L v5n khong anh htfdng de'n au triing. Nhtf vay, viec stf dung thtfc an c6 bd sung dich trim que (3ml/kg thtfc an mdi ngiy) cd tac dung gop phan lam giam stf bidn dong ham ltfdng TAN va N-NO^ trong moi trtfdng ntfdc tfdng.
- H a m lufdng Nitrate (N-NOj)
Ngtfdc vdi stf bien dong cua TAN va N-NO,, ham Itfdng N-NOj d cac nghiem thtfc co khuynh htfdng tang nhe vao cudi chu ki tfdng va sir bien dpng nay khong theo mot quy luat nha't dmh (Hinh 4.3).
Ham Itfdng N-NO^ ctfa cac nghiem thtfc stf dung thtfc an co bd sung dich trun qud dao dong trong khoang 0,09 - 0,29mg/L va bien dpng manh 5 nghiem thtfc bd sung dich trim qud moi ngay (Hinh 4.3a).
Vao cudi chu ki tfdng, ham Itfdng N-NO^ 6 nghiem thtfc ddi chtfng dat gia tri cao nhat (0,29mg/L) va tha'p nhat d nghiem thtfc I.IN (0,16mg/L). Theo Nguyen Thanh Phtfdng v i ctr., (2003) ham Itfdng N-NOj- tdt nha't nen duy tri dtfdi 20 mg/L. Nhtf vay, mac du trong chu ki tfdng ham ltfdng N-NOj c6 nliieu bidn dpng tang nhtfng d khoang tha'p va khong anh htfdng de'n stf phat trien cua a'u trung.
- i b .
/
u—•
' A y.
NgSy uang NgSyi/dng Ngilyifdng
(a) (b) (c) Hinh 4.3 Bie'n dgng hdm btgng N-NO^ d cdc nghiem thdc so vdi nghiem thdc dd'i chiing
(a). Au triing cho dn bang thiic dn co bo sung dich triin vdi cdc LL khac nhau moi ngdy; (b). Au triing cho dn bang thdc dn co bSsung dich triln vdi cdc LL khac nhau cdch 1 ngdy; (c). Au triing cho dn being thiic dn c6 bo sung dich trun vdi cdc LL khac nhau cdch 2 ngdy.
• Vi khuS'n Vibrio
Nghidm thtfc dd'i chtfng cd khuynh htfdng bie'n ddng mat so' vi khuan Vibrio sp. cao nha't so vdi cdc nghiem thtfc khac (Hinh 4.4).
f
/• •
-V- N
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w ^_ ^
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NgSy ifdDg Ngity lAfDg N g l y lAMg
(a) (b) (c) Hinh 4.4 Bie'n dgng mat sovi khuan Vibrio sp. & cdc nghiem thdc so vdi nghiem thiic DC
(a). Au triing cho dn bdng thdc an cd bd sung dich trun vdi cdc LL khde nhau mdi ngdy; (b).
Au triing cho dn bdng thiic dn co bd sung dieh triin vdi cdc LL khde nhau each I ngdy; (c). Au triing cho dn bdng thdc dn ed bo sung dich trdn vdi cdc LL khde nhau cdch 2 ngdy.
TAP CHf KHOA HQC C A N THO 41
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO DPI
Khi sff dung thffc an cd bd sung dich trun que' vdi cdc lidu Iffdng khac nhau m6i ngdy thi nghiem thffc 3N cd mat so' vi khud'n Vibrio sp. tha'p nhd't (25 CFU/mL) vao cudi chu ki tfdng, thd'p hdn 6 lan so vdi nghiem thffc dd'i chffng (155 CFU/mL). Kd't qua ndy phu hdp vdi nhan dinh ciia Nguyen Van Minh vd ctv., (2010), vi khuan Bacillus sp. phdn Idp dtfdc tff triln qud' cd kha ndng tfc che' manh dd'i vdi stf phat trien cua 3 chiing Vibrio gdy benh (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus. Vibrio han'cyi). Nhtf vdy lieu Itfdng vd nhip cho dn thtfc an cd bd sung dich trtfn que' khac nhau cd anh htfdng de'n stf phat trien ciia vi khuan Vibrio sp., va khuynh htfdng bie'n ddng cua vi khuan d cac nghiem thtfc cd bd sung dich trun vao thffc dn ludn thd'p hdn so vdi stf phat trien Vibrio sp. d nghidm thtfc dd'i chtfng (Hinh 4.4a, b, c). Va dich triin que' dtfdc bd sung moi ngdy vdo thffc an a'u trung vdi lieu Iffdng 3ml/kg thffc an cd tdc dung lam ban che stf phdt trien ciia vi khuan Vibrio sp. trong be tfdng hieu qua nha't.
3.2. Ty le sd'ng
T^ le sd'ng trung binh cua d'u trung trong thi nghidm dao ddng ttf (50,0 ± 3 4 , 5 % - 90,0 ±4,48%).
Au triing d nghiem thtfc 3.N cd ty le sd'ng cao nhd't (90,0 ± 4,48%) va khde biet rd't cd J nghia thd'ng ke (P < 0,05) so vdi nghiem thffc dd'i chffng (55,9 ± 3,70%) va nghidm thffc 2,2N (50,0 ±34,5%),
Bang 3.1. Biin ddng tile sd'ng d cdc nghiSm thiic
NT '^' K
I (Au triing dtfdc cho an bang thtfc an cd bd sung dich trtfn cdc lieu itfdng khde nhau moi ngdy)
n (Au ti^ng dtfdc cho an b l n g thffc dn cd bd sung dich trim cac lieu Itfdng khac nhau xen ke mdi ngay vdi thffc dn che' bie'n khdng cd dich trtfn)
i n (Au trtfng dtfdc cho an bang thffc an co bd sung dich tinin cac Ueu Itfdng khac nhau xen ke hai ngay vdi thffc an chd' bie'n khdng cd dich triln)
nghi§m thtfc
O.N l.N 2.N 3.N O.IN I.IN 2. IN 3.1N 0.2N 1.2N 2.2N 3.2N
T y l § s d n g ( % )
55,9 ± 3 , 7 0 "
82,0 ±1,07"' 81,6±3,13-»
90,0 ± 0,48-
55,9 ± 3 , 7 0 ' ' 67,9 ± 2,99"
75,8 ± 3,30"' 83,0 ± l,?©-'
55,9±3,70i«
61,6 ± 6 , 6 7 "
50,0 ± 34,5' 64,8 ±5,39"' Ghi chu: Gid tri thi hien la sg trung binh ± do lech chuan. Cdc gid tri trong cung mot cot mang cdc cho cdi khde nhau thi khde biet co y nghia thd'ng ke vdi mdc y nghia 95% (P < 0,05)
^ TAP CHf KHOA HQC C A N THO
NGHIEN C U f U - T R A O POI
Ty le sd'ng tha'p nhd't d nghiem thtfc 2.2N (50,0 ± 34,47%) va nghiem thtfc ddi chffng (55,9 ± 3,7%).
Nghiem thffc 2.2N cd ty 16 sd'ng thd'p la do trong qud trinh thi nghiem, sue khi cdc bd ffdng nghen khdng dtfdc phdt hidn kip thdi d ngdy tfdng thtf 20 dan de'n au trung trong be hao hut nhidu.
Bdn canh do, qud trinh Idt xdc eua a'u triing khdng ddng loat, ddng thdi ntfdc tfdng ra't trong ndn dd xay ra hien ttfdng an nhau va day la nhffng nguyen nhan 1dm giam ty Id sd'ng ciia d'u trung d nghiem thtfc dd'i chtfng.
IV. K E T LUAN
Sff dung dich triln qud trong tfdng d'u triing TCX gdp phin quan l^ mdi trtfdng be tfdng td't hdn, cac yd'u td mdi trtfdng nam trong khoang cho phep, vd han che dang kd vi khuan cd hai(V(i>r(o sp.) phdt trien.
Au triing cd ti le sd'ng dat eao nhat (90,0 ± 0,48%) d nghidm thffc dtfdc cho an bang thtfc dn bd sung dich triin vdi lidu Itfdng 3ml/kg thtfc dn moi ngay vd khde biet rd't cd •$ nghia thong ke (P < 0,05) so vdi nghiem thffc ddi chtfng (55,9 ± 3,7%).
Nhtf vdy, sff dung dich trun que Promin cd tinh kha thi rd't cao, cd ^ nghia tich ctfc trong ndng cao nang sud't trong ffdng d'u triing TCX •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
B6 Ndng nghiep vd Phdt triin Ndng thon, 2010. Bdo cdo ket qud nuoi trong thuy sdn. ke hogch vd gidi phdp thuc hien din ndm 2015.
Nguyen Vdn Minh, Duang Nhat Linh, Dan Duy Phdp, Lai Phong My Le, Lai Thi Minh Li, Nguyin Thi Hong Phuang. Pham Hiing Vdn. Nguyin Vdn Bdy. 2010. Nghien ciiu khd ndng khdng khuan c&a dich chief trim que (Perionyx excavatus) ddi vdi mot sS'vi khuan gdy b$nh cho dgng vat thiiy sdn. Hoi nghi cong nghe sinh hoc thuy sdn todn quo'c (Thdnhpho Ho Chi Minh) 02/12/2010.
NguySn Vdn Minh, Duong Nhdt Linh, Dan Duy Phdp, Lai Phong My Le, Lai Thi Minh Le, Nguyin Thi Hong Phumg. Pham Hiing Vdn, Nguyin Vdn Bdy, 2010. Phdn lap vd sdng lgc mot sdvi khuan tiem ndng Idmprobiotic trong nuoi trong thuy sdn td trun que (perionyx excavatus).
Hdi nghi cong nghe sinh hoc thiiy sdn todn qudc (Thdnh phd HS Chi Minh) 02/12/2010.
Nguyin Vdn Minh. Duong Nhdt Linh, DuNgoc Tudn, Nguyin Vdn Bdy, 2010. Nghien ciiu dnh hudng cda cdc mdc ly le trim que (Perionyx excavatus) bo sung vdo khdu phdn dn den sU tdng trudng vd khd ndng khdng benh tren torn su (Penaeus monodon) nuoi thuang phdm. Hoi nghi cong nghe sinh hoe thdy san todn qudc (TP. Ho Chi Minh) 02/12/2010.
Phan Thi Bieh Trdm. Pham Thi Qu^nh Trdm. Duang TM Huang Giang. Hd Thanh Todn, 2009. Nghien cdu sd dung bot dam tie triin que (perionyx excavatus) lam thiic dn cho hau d'u triing tom su (Penaeus monodon). Tap chi khoa hgc 2009:11 9-17. Khoa Thdy sdn • trudng Dai hoc Cdn Tha.
TAP CHl KHOA HQC CAN THO 4 3
