KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 1= moi tnjcmg
I
^ Ji ^1
Moi trudng bien dang co dau hieu
Hien trang mdi trbdng bien Viet Nam Hien nay, mdi trbdng bien nbdc ta dang ed dau hidu bi d nhiem va suy thoai. Mdi trUdng vimg nbdc ven bd da bi 6 nhiem bdi dau, kem va chat thai sinh hoat. Con chat ran Id Idng nhb Si, NO3, NH^ va PO^ cung d mdc dang lo ngai. Chat lUdng tram tich day bien ven bd - ndi eU trii eiia nhieu loai thiiy hai sin-cung bj 6 nhiem.
Ham lbdng hda chat b i o ve thbc vat ehiing an-drin va en-drin trong eae mau sinh vat diy d cac vimg cda song ven bien phia Bac d l u cao hdn gidi han cho phep. Lbdng hda ehat b i o vd thuc vat tdn luu trong cdthe cic loai t h i n mem hai minh vd dbpc xac djnh cao nhat tai Sam Sdn va cda Ba Lat (11,14-11,83mg/
kg thjt ngao), thap nhat tai Tra Cd (1,54mg/kg). Cac chat an-drin, en-drin, di-e-drin, die bidt la an-drin va en-drin ed d hau h i t cae mau phin tieh, bid'n ddi tQ0,12 den 3,11 mg/kg.
Oa dang sinh hpe ddng vat day d ven bid'n mien Bic va thbc vat ndi d mien Trung suy giim rd ret. Vimg bien ven bd nbdc ta da phat hidn dbpc 8-16 loii vi t i o biln g i y hai t i l m ning vdi mat dp hon 2 X 104 t l bio/lit.
ii Moi trudng bien nddc ta Men co ddu hieu bi 6 nhiem vd suy thodi. Moi trddng vung nddc ven bddd bi 6 nhiim bdi ddu, kem va chdt thdi sinh hogt. Thdc tedo dang doi hoi mpt quyet sdch bdo ve moi trddng td viec xdy ddng vd khai thdc cdng bien. • •
Thuy trieu do eung da xuat hien d nude ta t d thing 6 den trung tuan thing 7 am Ijeh tai vimg bien Nam Trung Bd, die biet la tai Khanh Hda, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan. Thiiy trieu do xuat hien kha nhieu d Nam Trung Bp, gay ra nhdng thiet hai rat Idn. Hon 30km bai bien tdCa Na den Long Huong nhay nhua nhdng bdt bang mau xam den day ea tie, trdn vdi xac ehet ciia sinh vat tao ndn miii hot thdi; con tai vung bie'n Binh Thuan, thiiy trieu do da tieu diet tom, cua, c i , san h6, rong ed bien.
Nbdc ta d i cd hang chuc eon sdng
"chit", dien hinh nhb song Thj Vii, s6ng Odng Nai, sdng Oiy, s6ng Cau, song Nhud... Cic ngudn 6 nhiem t d luc dja theo s6ng do ra bien nhudau thii, nUde t h i i ehba qua xd ly... Cd nhdng loai
VUTHANH CA Vien Nghien cdu quin ly bien&hai dao
Tdng cue Bien&Hai dao VN
khong phan hiiy dUpc dpng lai d ven bd, chim xudng day bien, nhdng chat phan hiiy thi hoa tan trong nUdc bien.
Oap dng nhu cau phat trien kinh te, nhdng cong trinh tren bien ngay cang mpc nhieu them. Hau h i t cac cdng trinh cing va hoat dpng ciia cing deu tie dpng tidu ebc d i n mdi trbdng tb nhien, nhb mat eae ndi sinh cU ciia cae loai thiiy hai sin do lay dat xiy dUng, d nhiem nbdc, dat, khdng khi, tieng dn...
trong khu vUc cang va phu can.
Cang bien dem lai ngudn ldi Idn ve kinh te, nhung cung an chda nguy ed giy d nhiem mdi trUdng. Ve moi trUdng nbdc, cac cang deu phii ddi mat vdi nbdc due do lien quan den hoat dpng eiia tau thuyen ra vao cang, nao vet ludng lach, dd phe thai. Op due nbdc viing cing Hai Phdng la 418-424mg/
lit; cing Oa Nang 33-167mg/lit. Ndng dp dau d tat c i cae cing deu vbpt mdc eho phep 0,3mg/lit (TCVN 5943-1995):
cang Hai Phdng 0,42mg/lit; cing Cai Lin 0,6mg/lit; cing Vung Tau 0,52mg/lit;
cang Vietsovpetro 7,57mg/lit. 6 mpt sd cing dang bao dpng la ham lupng thiiy ngin da vUdt ngUdng eho phep, cing fXem tiep trang 42)
Tapchf HdnghdiVietNam • 9/2011-45
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. p'lANC. (1992). Capacity of ship maneuvering simulation models for approach channels and fairways in harbors (Tech. Rep.). Brussels, Belgium:
Supplement to Bulletin No.77.
[2]. PIANC. (1997). Approach channels - a guide for design (Tech. Rep.). Brussels, Belgium: Final report of the joint PIANC- lAPH.
[3]. Quy, N. M., Vrijiing, J. K., & Gelder, R (2008). Risk- and simulation-based optimization of channel depths:
Entrance channel of Cam Pha Coal Port.
S/ML/MT/OW, 84(1), 41-55.
[4]. Quy, N. M., Vrijiing, J. K., Gelder, P., & Groenveld, R. (2007). Long-term prediction of navigational risk for maritime engineering design using simulation. In Asian and Pacific Coast Conference (p. 1605-1611). Nanjing, China Ocean Press.
[5]. Quy, N. M., Vrijiing, J. K., Gelder, P., & Groenveld, R. (2007). Parametric modeling of ship motion responses for risk-based optimization of entrance channel depths. In ^^th World Conference on Transport Research (p. 10- 212). University of California, Berkeley, USA.
[6]. Quy, N. M. (2001). Feasibility study project of expansion of Cam Pha Coal Port (Tech. Rep.). Vietnamese Coal Incorporation, in Vietnamese.
Tdng cong ty CNTT Pha Rdng ban giao tau hang rdi 34.000 DWT
Ngay 19/8/2011, dung dip k^ niem 66 nam Cach mang thang Tam va Qudc khanh 2/9, Tong cong ty CNTT Pha RQng da lam le ban giao tau hang rdi 34.000 DWT mang ten FOUR DIAMOND.
Tau FOUR DIAMOND la tau hang tdng hop v6 kep dupc dong mdi cho chu tau PREMUDA GROUP (Italia). Tau dUpc thiet ke ky thuat bdi Carl Bro a/s (Dan Mach), thiet ke cong nghe bdi Shanhai Hengar Ship Design Co.Ltd, dUpc Dang kiem DNV phan cap giam sat, c6 vung hoat dpng khong han che, thda man yeu cau cua cac cong Udc qudc te ve hang hii. Day la con tau thd 2 trong loat tau 34 ngan tan dupc dong mdi tai Tdng cong ty CNTT Pha RCmg, va dupc binh chpn la 1 trong 12 tau dong mdi tdt nhat cCia Viet Nam nam nay.
Tau FOUR DIAMOND co chieu dai toan bp 180m; chieu rpng 30m; chieu cao man 14,7m; mdn nUdc 9,85m; tdc dd 14 HlVh.
HdNGHAi
Mdi trudng bien...
(Tiep theo trang 45)
Vung Tau vbdt 3,1 lan, cing Nha Trang vbdt 1,1 lan.
Cac cdng trinh sin xuat, nha may sda ehda-ddng mdi tau bien, eae db i n du Ijeh sinh thai bien va rat nhilu eae hoat ddng khac d l u t i e ddng xau den mdi trbdng tb nhien ciia bien.
Van tai bien la mdt phbdng thdc van t i i tdi bu va kinh te nhat so vdi cac loat hinh van t i i khae va d i trd ndn phd bien tren t h i gidi. Tuy nhien, loai hinh van tai nay eung tie ddng xau den mdi trbdng bien.
Td vide xiy dbng he thdng k i t cau ha tang cing bien, nao vet ludng lach cimg vdi vide do phe thai dau, md... dan den p h i hoai sinh t h i i vimg cda sdng, ven bien ngap man, viing dat ehua phen, tao nen mdt sU dao ldn.
He thdng dbdng thiiy phat trien, phbdng tidn van tai ngay cang nhilu, keo theo nguy ed gay d nhiem mdi trbdng bien ngiy cing t i n g do Ibpng dau md chiem tdi 50% ngudn g i y 6 nhiem bien.
Nguyen nhan ehii y l u eua tinh trang trdn la do sb buong Idng q u i n ly eiia cic cap, cic nganh, thieu kinh phi di xii ly m6i trbdng v i y thdc eiia ngbdi dan ddi vdi vide b i o vd mdt trbdng not ehung va b i o vd mdi trbdng bien ndi ridng edn kem. Tat cic thanh phd Idn, ngay ea cae thanh phd Idn nhb Ha Ndi v i TP. Hd Chi Minh, hau nhb t o i n bd nbdc t h i i sinh hoat dbdc x i trbe t i l p ra sdng m i khdng qua xd ly. Nbdc t h i i sinh hoat v i edng nghiep do xudng b i l n ehba qua xd ly nen ehi sd vi trimg hpe ludn d mdc cao.
Cic hoat ddng sin xuat ndng nghidp sd dung mpt Ibpng rat Idn phan bdn hda hpc va thudc trd sau. Lbcfng phin bdn hda hpe va thude trd siu khdng dbOe hap tiiu h i t eung dd ra sdng. Nan p h i rdng dau ngudn eung gay xdi Id dat v i t i n g dp due d cie cda sdng. Tai mdt sd dja phbong, t h i m ehi ric thit sinh hoat eung khdng dbpfc thu gom va xd ly triet de, do vay, mdt IbOng Idn ric t h i i sinh hoat bj do ra bien... Cie ngudn d nhiem trdn dbOe sdng t i i ra b i l n v i gay d nhiem biln.
Bdn eanh dd, edng t i c q u i n ly N h i nbdc v l mdi trbdng van edn nhilu t h i l u sdt, y l u kem. Vi nhb d Vung Tiu, theo quy djnh eiia Luit Bio vd mdi trbdng 2005 thi eae d b i n dau tbeo sd Ibu trii va
khu du ljch phai cd b i o c i o dinh gia tie ddng mdi trbdng dbcfe phe duyet hoac cd b i n cam k i t b i o ve mdi trbdng trbdc khi khdi cdng. T h i nhbng trdn thbc te, ehi eae db i n x i y dbng sau khi Luit Bio vd mdi trbdng 2005 cd hidu Ibe v i cie khich san, khu du Ijeh do cap tinh quin ly (td 100 phdng trd len hoac t d lOha trd Idn) la thbc hidn tdt cic thii tue hinh ehinh ve mdi trbdng; cdn phan Idn cae db i n do cap huydn q u i n ly d l u khdi edng khi ma ehba ed b i n cam kit bio vd mdi trbdng dUde phe duyet.Thim chi ke ca mdt sd don vi kinh doanh du ljch do cap tinh q u i n ly (SdTai nguydn&M6i trbdng) eung cd ddn vj ehba dau tbhoan ehinh he thdng xd ly nbdc t h i i . Ridng cac ed sd Ibu trii do cap huydn quin ly hau h i t deu ehba dau tb he thdng xd ly nbdc t h i i ma ehii yeu la xd ly bang be tU hoai 3 ngin trbdc khi t h i i ra mdt trbdng hoae k i t ndi vao he thdng t h o i t nbdc d6 thj.
Qua kiem tra, SdTit nguydn&Mdi trUdng edn phat hidn mdt sd khu du Ijeh tU xd ly ric t h i i trong khudn vidn khu du Ijeh.
Mdt nguyen nhan nda g i y d nhiem mdi trbdng bien la do sb ed tran dau.
Toe dp t i n g trbdng kinh te ndng trong nhdng n i m g i n d i y d i lam gia t i n g rat manh lupng tidu thu xing dau trdn t h i gidi. Sin Ibpng khat thic dau thd toan eau khoing 3 ty' tan/nim v i nda trong sd dd dbpc van ehuyen bing dbdng bien (Pavio, 2003). Hau q u i la mdt Ibpng dau k h i Idn bj rd ri ra mdi trbdng bien do hoat dpng cua t i u thuyen va do sUed hU hdng, dam tau ehd dau hay sb ed tai Id khoan t h i m dd va g i i n khoan khat thic dau. Lich sd t h i gidi da ghi nhin hing t r i m v u d nhiem dau trdn bien.
Mat dau loang n g i n chin khdng khi hda tan v i o nbdc nen ham lbdng dxy trdng nbdc thap, trung binh 3,3- 10,9mg/lit vao mua khd va 0,16-6,1 mg/
lit v i o mua lu, trong khi dd nhu ciu dxy ciia eae loat sdng dbdi nbdc r i t cao, can tdi 13,6-31 mg/lit.
Td nhufng phin tieh trdn eho thay, mdi trbdng khu vbc cing bien Viet Nam dang suy thoii, d nhiem bdt but, tiing dn, dau, chat hufu ed..., k l c i trong nbdc, khdng khi, dat. Thbc t l dd dang dot hdi mdt quylt sich b i o vd mdt trbdng trong vide xiy dbng va khai thic cing bien.
(1^ sau ddng tiep)
