Mot so
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phuong thCfc thanh toan dien tuf trong giao djch thifong mai dien tuf
5 Phuong phap thanh toan tri/c tuyen pho bien trong giao dich thuong mai dien ti!f, dd la: The tin dung; Sec tri/c tuyen; The ghi nd; Ket tidn dien ti!/;
va Thanh toan qua thi/ dien ti!f.
1. Thanh toan hing the tin dung
Thanh toan bing the tin dyng hien dang la phUdng thdc thanh toan phd biln nhit eda cac giao dich thUdng mai dien td; phUdng thdc thanh toan nay hien dang chiem tdi 90% tdng cae mdn giao dich cung nhu doanh sd ban hang. Lfu dilm Idn nhit eua viec thanh toan bing the tin dyng ddi vdi ngudi mua hang la dUdc tilp can vdi thdng tin v l san phim, djch vy va ngUdi ban hang mdt each nhanh nhit.
Viec chip nhan thanh toan bing the tin dung, giup cho w/eb site ban hang nhanh chdng xay dtfng dupc nilm tin trong tam tri cda khach hang tiem nang; nang eao dupe doanh thu nhd vipc tao dilu kien mua hang thuan lpi eho khach.
Vdi mpt ehuong trinh thanh toan tu ddng ttidng qua the tin dung, ngudi mua cung nhu ngudi ban hang trong giao dich ttiUdng mai dien h; giam thdi gian va chi phi d l xd ly sec khdng, cac ddn dat hang va cac cdng viec lien quan din luu trfl' chdhg til giiy.
Tuy nhien d l dUpc chip nhan thanh toan bing the tin dung, ngUdi ban hang bi/c tuyIn
fren Internet cin phai ky kit vdi mdt ddi tac cung cap dich vy thanh toan the (Merchant Account), va trang bi phin mim, phin cdng cin ttiilt d l ed ttil chip nhan tiianh toan bing the tin dung tren web site ban hang cda minh.
Cac nha cung cip Merchant Account bao gdm ba nhdm chinh:
- Nha cung cip frUc tilp, la cae ngan hang.
Ngan hang cung cip djch vy thanh toan the se true tilp chuyen cae giao djch thanh toan the tin dyng true tuyIn eua khach hang den trung tam xdly the tin dyng. Nhiing don dat hang da hoan t i t se dUOc gdi td web site eda nguOi ban hang den ngan hang thdng qua cdng thanh toan "Payment Gateway", tuyet ddi an toan ddi vdi cac thdng tin dUOc ghi trong the tin dyng.
Ngan hang rit than frpng frong viec cung cip djch vu thanh toan the tin dyng cho cac giao djch true tuyIn tren Internet, chu sd hflu the tin dung mudn sd dung djch vu nay phai dang ky frUc tilp vdi ngan hang.
- Nha mdi gidi, hoat ddng vdi tu each la mdt trung gian giu'a ngudi ban hang vdi cac nha cung cip djch vy thanh toan, qua dd gidp ngudi ban hang xac djnh rd dUde nhu ciu eua minh cung nhu thifc trang cda nha cung cip.
Tuy nhien ngUdl ban hang se phai tra mdt ty le ehilt khiu td 2% din 3% doanh sd giao dich eho nha cung cip dich vy thanh toan.
- Nha cung cip thd ba ehuyin qua trinh thanh toan the tin dyng td dOn dat hang fren frang web eua ngudi ban bing chinh tai khoan cua ho. Khi ngudi ban hang true tuyIn ky kit vdi nhdm cae nha cung cip nay, viec thanh toan cda khach hang se dupe thifc hien ttidng qua tai khoan eda nha cung cip Merchant Account.
Khi dd, ngudi ban se khdng cin phai quan tam din ngudi sd hflu the tin dung vl cac nha cung cip dich vu se la nhflng ngudi true tiep ban hang, cdn chu cung cip san pham dich vu tren Internet se ddng vai trd la dai ly cung cip hang hoa, dich vu.
Chl phi cho cac giao djch theo phuong thdc nay thudng cao hon chi phi phai fra cho nhflhg nha cung cap frue tilp, nhung bu lai ngudi ban hang se khdng phai tra phi djch vy tdi thilu hang thang va khdng phai dat epe bit ky mdt khoan tiln nao, ma ehi phai tra chi phi cho nhifng giao dich duoc thuc hien ma ttidi. Chinh vl vay, phuong thdc thanh toan nay thudng duoc nhdng nha kinh doanh fruc tuyIn vdi quy md nhd quan tam, dac biet la nhflhg ngUdi mdi
bat diu tilp can vdi hlnh ttidc kinh doanh nay.
Vl mdi nhdm cae nha cung cip dUa ra cae tien ich khac nhau, no cd ttil bao gdm hoac khong bao gdm cae dich vy: Kilm tra gian lan; Bao eao giao dich va doanh thu frifc tuyIn; The mua hang. Ngoai ra, cac nha cung cap dich vy ttianh toan cdn cd the giup ngudi ban hang true tuyIn thife hien thanh toan bing cac phuong ttidc khac nhU: thanh toan bing sec frUe hjyin, thanh toan qua dien thoai. Do vay, viec lua chpn lam viec vdi nha cung cap ttuc tilp hay cac nha cung cip thd ba thi dilu trude tien la nd phu thudc vao doanh thu ban hang hang thang frifc tuyln. NgUdi ban hang cin phai so sanh can nhie gida ty le chilt khiu, phi giao dich hang thang va cac loai phi khac de lua chpn nha cung cip phu hop vdi minh. Nlu qui md giao dich cflng nhu doanh ttiu hang thang la tuong ddi nhd (thudng dudi 20. frieu ddng), thi ngudi ban hang fren m?ng khdng nen thuc hien thanh toan qua Merchant Account, ma nen sd dung djch vu cua nhdm cae nha cung cip djch vu thd ba se phii hpp hdn. NgUdc lai, nlu doanh thu hang thang tiiong ddi cao (tren doanh sd 20 frieu dong), cd thi lam viec cung cae nha cung cip frifc tilp vdi ty le ehlet khiu phd hdp, phi giao dich giam va tiidi han thanh toan ngin hdn.
2. Thanh loan bing sec hvc tuyen
Phuong thdc thanh toan bang see hien chilm tdi 11% tdng cac giao dich true tuyln. Tuy phuong thdc nay kha phde tap, sau khi giao dich frUe tuyln dupc thife hien, ngUdl mua phai ra khdi mang va gdi see qua thu din cho ngudi ban
Be gia tang tien ich eho ngudi sddung phuang thdc thanh toan nay, "sec trUe tuyen" ra ddi vdi nhilu uu diem hdn la viec sddyng see giiy fruyin thdng.
Qua trinh thanh toan bing sec frUe tuyln:
"Sec fruc tijyin" hay cdn dupc gpi la "sec dien hi" ttiUc chit la mdt loai "see ao", nd cho phep ngudi mua thanh toan bing sec qua Internet.
NgUdl mua se diln vao form (nd gidng nhif mdt quyen sec dupe hien thi tren man hlnh) cac ttidng tin v l ngan hang eda hp, ngay giap dich va fri gia cda giao dich, sau dd nhin nut
"send" de gdi di. Tat ca nhifng thdng tin do hoac se dupc chuyen din trung tam giao dich va duoc xd ly tai dd.
o l chap nhan thanh toan bing "sec frUe tuyln", ngudi ban hang cd the sd dyng hai
2 2 • TAP CHI TIN HOC NGAN HANG • S ^ 6 ( 1 3 0 ) - 8 / 2 0 1 2
^ - 2 %
each:
- Phuong phap "Print and Pay": "Print and Pay"
cd nghla la "In va ttianh toan", Sd dT phuong phap nay duoc goi la "in va ttianh toan" bdi vl ngudi ban hang fren Internet cin phai mua mdt phin mim cho phep minh in nhflhg tim see ra (cd till mua eda nha cung cap CheekMan), va chuyen sec dd din ngan hang eua minh de nhan tiln.
Qua trinh xd ly sec true tuyen cflng gidng nhu see ttidng ttiUdng, chinh vl vay ngudi ban hang cin phai dpi den khi sec dupe chuyen din ngan hang va phai dupe chdng nhan chic chin ring nhung tim sec dd cd gia trj.
Vipc ap dyng phuong phap nay se giup nguOi ban hang giam duoc ehi phi giao dich nhung nd lai tdn kem v l mat nhan cdng va thOl gian.
- Trung tam giao djch: Bdi vdi ngUdi mua, viec sd dyng trung tam giao dich cung-gidng nhu vipc ap dung phUdng phap "Print and Pay", bdi vl trong ca hai phUdng phap, ho diu phai nhap t i t ca cac thdng tin tren sec vao form frye tuyln. Nhtfng thdng tin dd se dUde ma hoa va chuyen true tiep tdi ngan hang va se duoc xd ly frong vdng 48 gid.
Sau dd, toan bd sd tiln cda giao djch duoc chuyin td tai khoan cda ngudi mua sang tai khoan cua nguOi ban. Kem theo dd, la mdt
"bao cd" true tuyln vao tai khoan ciia ngudi ban va mdt "bao no" dupe gdi bing email cho ngudi mua.
PhUdng phap nay nhanh hdn phUdng phap
"Print and Pay" bd\ vl t i t ca cac thdng tin cin thilt cua khach hang se dUdc nhap frUe tilp fren mang ngay khi giao dich dang duoc thue hien, va nhflhg tim see dd ludn dupe dim bao ed gia tri.
Ngoai viec cho phep ngudi ban hang chip nhan thanh toan frifc tuyln, ea hai phuong phap fren edn cho phep ngudi ban hang thanh toan qua dien thoai hoac fax, vi khi dd hp cd ttil kilm fra cae thdng tin cda ngudi mua, sau dd ngudi ban ed the tif nhap thdng tin dd vao.
Tuy nhien, rieng ddi vdi phUdng phap "Print and Pay", trude khi ngudi ban quylt dmh sd dyng phuong phap nay, cin phai chac chin ring ngan hang eua minh se chip nhan loai sec nay va hay tim kilm nlu nhu ngudi ban cin mua bat ky mdt loai giiy dac biet nao d l in see.
3. Thanh toan hing the ghi no.
Khi sddyng phuong thdc ttianh toan bing the
ghi no, tiln frong tai khoan eda ngUdi mua ngay lap tdc se dUdc rut ra sau khi giao dich duoc an dinh. Thuan lpi ddi vdi ngUdl ban, hp cd till bilt ngudi mua cd tiln de mua hang thuc su hay khdng. Cdn ddi vdi ngudi mua, viec thanh toan se dUOc thyc hien ngay lap tde cho tdng giao dich, vi vay ho tranh dupc nhiJng "cd sdc" the tin dung khi ngan hang gdi cac ban ke din.
Tuy nhien, d l thuc hien thanh toan theo phuong phap nay, frude tien ngudi ban cin phai lien he vdi cac nha cung cip Merchant Account de minh ed t h i chip nhan thanh toan bang hlnh thdc nay khdng? Hien tai viec thanh toan bing the ghi np vin ehua thuc sif phd biln, hdn nfla khach hang vin mudn tu bao ve minh bing each han chl sd tiln ghi np d mdc tUdng dUdng 1 frieu ddng (khoang 50 USD).
Do vay, d l phUdng thdc thanh toan nay trd nen phd biln, thi it nhat cung phai nhan bilt dupe tac dung va thuan Ipi eua viec sd dung phUdng phap nay.
4. Ket tidn dien hJ
Hien van ed nhilu quan niem khac nhau ve
"ket tiln dien td" va cflng chua ed mdt tieu chuin chung v l ket tien dien td. Tuy nhien, cd t h i duoc hilu "ket tiln dien td' la noi luu gifl cae sd the ti'n dung. Ket tiln dien td la mpt ket ao nd cd t h i luu giuf t i t ca cac thdng tin cda the tin dyng va the ghi no, mat khau, the hdi vien, va t i t ea cae sd the hien cd cda khach hang. Nd se tao thuan loi hon cho khach hang khi mua hang frye tuyln, bdi vl sd the tin dung eda khach hang ed t h i dupe copy td "ket tiln dien tiji" va "dan" vao frong don dat hang frUc
Merchant Account la tai khoJn thanh toan ciia cac doanh nghidp khi tham gia TMDT, nd cho phip chuyin tien vio tai khoJn cua doanh nghi^ hay hodn \rh 1^1 tien thu dU(fc cho khach hang, nlu giao djch bj huy bd vl khdng dap dng dU9c nhOng y§u ciu ttida thuIn nao d6 giila ngudi ban va ngudi mua (chlng h^n nhu chit lUpng s^n phim) thdng qua ban hang hoa hoac djch vy frgn m^ng Intemet.
Merchant Account phii dUpc dSng ky t^i cac ngan hang/ td chdc tin dung cho ph6p doaiVi nghi^ nhjn dupc cac khoSn thanh toan bing the tin dgng.
tuyen, ma khdng can phai nhap tiJ ban phim.
5. Phuong thuc thanh toan qua thu dien tu P2P (Person-to-Person)
Phuong ttidc ttianh toan qua ttiU dien td P2P cho phep cae ea nhan ed thi sd dung the tin dung hoac tai khoan ngan hang eua minh de thanh toan qua thu dien tiJf. Qua trinh thanh toan nay cung gidng nhu viec gtH mdt thiep chuc mdng qua mang.
Vi du, khi ta gdi thiep chdc mdng eho mdt ai dd, diu tien lifa chpn thiep, kem theo nhflhg Idi chuc, tuy nhien khdng gdi ngay cho ngudi nhan tai hdp thu dd ma kit ndi din mdt trang cd sin form d l gdi thiep chdc mdng din eho ngudi nhan. Cflng nhu ttil, vdi phUdng phap P2P, khdng ddn thuin la thuc hien thanh toan bing each gdi email din cho ngudi nhan, ma cin tim din dUdng kit ndi viii frang ed sin cac miu ttianh toan d l gdi thu va tai frang lien kit dd, ngudi nhan ed t h i tilp tyc gdi khoan tiln nhan dupe din tai khoan ngan hang hay the tin dung cua hp.
Va de thuc hien thanh toan bing phUdng phap nay, ngudi thanh toan phai thue hien cae bUde sau: Cung cap sd tai khoan true tuyln eua cdng ty; Nhan chupt vao dudng link din trang thanh toan qua thu dien tiJ; Nhap them ten eda ngudi nhan, dia ehi email, fri gia giao dich, va sd the tin dyng hay tai khoan nOi ma tiln dupc rut ra td dd; Ngoai ra cd the ghi them cac ghi chd ea nhan cda ngudi nhan nlu cin thilt.
Sau khi da nhap diy du cac thdng tin cin thilt, tai hop thu cua minh, ngudi nhan se:
Nhan dUdc thdng bao tiln da dupe gdi din;
Buoe cung cip mdt sieu lien kit de nhan tiln va sau dd; Lua chpn ndi gdi tiln (hoac la dupe gdi vao tai khoan ngan hang hoac la dupe dua vao the tin dung),
Uu diem cua viec sd dyng phuong phap thanh toan nay la: Cae ben khdng cin phai cung cap cac thdng tin v l tai khoan eda minh eho ddi tac, va khdng phai b i t ky ddng tiln nao cflng dUde chip nhan thanh toan qua email. Do vay ngUOi ban cd t h i tranh dupe mdt sd rill ro khi ttianh toan qua mang.
Trong qua trinh ban mdt san pham hay cung cip mdt dich vy nao dd fren mang ma khach hang mudn gid bi mat cac ttidng tin v l ho, hay mudn thanh toan sau khi giao dich da hoan ttianh, ttil viec ap dung phuong thdc nay se gidp nguOi ban d l dang thu hut khach hang hon •
TAP CHi TIN HOC NGAN HANG • s 6 6(130) - S/2012 • 2 3
