Nghien Cliu Trao doi Tpp chf C^ng s d n
DAN CHU XA HOI CHU NGHIA -
MUC TIEU VA DdNG LUC CUA D 6 | MOI 6 NUOC TA
• • •
PHJ^M NGQC QUANG*
NGUYEN HIEN LlTONG**
Dqi hpi XI cua Ddng da khdng c^nh su cdn thiit phdi qudn trift vd thuc Men tdt quan Mem: Ddn chu xd hpi chu nghia Id bdn chdt cua che dp ta, vira Id muc tieu, vua Id dpng lyre cua suphdt triin ddt nu&c. Quan diim ndy Id sqr ke thuu, bd sung, phdt trien sdng tqo quan diim chu nghia Mac - Le-nin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve ddn chu xd hpi chu nghia vd la ket qud phii hqp v&i id-gic phdt trien tu duy ly ludn cua Ddng ve ddn chu trong qud trinh ddi m&i ddt nu&c.
1 Nghidn cftu vin dl ddn chu dugc dat ra V.l. Ld-nin da lam sdng td eon duang biin ftong dilu kifn phdi ddu tranh true tiip v&i chung eua qud trinh phdt triin ddn chu:
nhung quan diim tu sdn vi ddn ehii cflng nhu "... tft chuydn ehl din ddn chu tu san; tft dan nhu ciu thyc tidn phdi vugt qua ddn chu tii sdn, ehu tii sdn din ddn chu vd sdn; tii dan chu vd C. Mdc vd Ph. Ang-ghen tiiidc hit vgch tiin sdn din khdng cdn dan chu nfta"^^^
bdn chit gid ddi, chfta diy mdu thudn cua dan Tu tudng cua V.l. Le-nin ve sy tidu vong chu tu sdn; sy van ddng ndi tgi cua nhftng mdu cua ndn dan chu dugc ndy sinh khi tidp can ddn thudn iy nhit djnh se dan cbl df ddn chu tu sdn chu tft phuang difn la mpt hinh thicc nhd nu&e.
din chd tidu vong; ty do, binh ding thyc sy chi Bdi vdy, dan chu ra ddi, tin tai vd tidu vong dgt dugc ftong chu nghia cfng sdn<'>. Nhu vdy, cung vdi sy ra ddi, tdn tgi vd tidu vong cua vifc phdn tich tinh chit tgm thdi, tinh chit nhit nhd nudc.
dinh se bj vugt qua cua ddn chu tu sdn da dua v.l. Ld-nin dac bift nhin manh tinh giai cdp C. Mdc vd Ph. Ang-ghen din tu tudng vd cdch cua ddn ehu. Vide nhin manh phuang difn ndy mang xa hfi chu nghTa nhu Id budc di tat ydu cua dan chu da dua V.l. Ld-nin tdi quan nifm dl tiln tdi mft xd hfi ddn chu chdn chinh. vl sy cin thilt phdi kit hqp giita ddu tranh eho Nhin manh bdn chit qud trinh cdch mang dan ehu v&i ddu tranh eho thdng lai eiia ehii xd hfi chu nghia vd muc tidu md nd phdi dgt nghia xd hpi. Ngudi cho rang, chi cd thdng qua tdi C Mdc Ph. Ang-ghen cho ring, xd hfi xa sy kdt hgp do mdi thuc ddy sy chin mudi cua hdi chft nghia - cfng sdn chu nghia Id xa hdi tgo nhftng tidn dd khdch quan vd chu quan cho thdng ra nhimg dilu kifn cin thilt dl thyc hifn ftong
thyc tl nguydn tic: Sy phdt triin tu do cua mdi * GS, TS, Tmomg Dai hoc Qu6c tS BacHa nffudi Id dilu kien cho su phdt tiiln ty do cua ** TS, Tmong Dai hoc Y Ha Npi
f , . ,.• • (1) C.Mac va Ph.Ang-ghen: rod« rap, Nxb. Chinh
tat ca mgi nguai. ^. ^^x^ gj^^ jj, ^^.^ 1995^ ^ l ^^ 723
K I thfta vd phdt tridn nhung tu tudng (2) v.l. Le-nin: Todn tap, Nxb. Chinh tri qu6c gia,
cua C. Mdc vd Ph. Ang-ghen vl ddn chu. Ha Noi, 2005, t. 33, tr. 206
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Nghien cuu - Trao doi Tpp chf C^ng s d n
lgi Clia each mang vd san. Dau tranh cho dan ldm chii" Id mft budc tiln vl chit, mft qui chu, theo dng, cung khdng the dung Igi d dan trinh phin diu vugt qua rit nhilu khd khdn, trd chu tu san. Sau khi thiol Igp chinh quyen, vice nggi. Phdi ldm sao dl ngudi ddn ed diiu ki^n phat triin triot do nln dan chu xd hfi chu nghia vd hiit hu&ng quyen ddn chu, biit diing quyln la tien dc dc llnrc hi('n thdng Iqi hoan todn vd ddn chu cua minh dung luc, dung cho. D I thyc triet dc muc lieu cita elm nghia .xd hpi. Bdi vdy, hifn quyln ldm chu, nhdn ddn khdng nhftng khi la.n id nfi dung quan dilm vc sy thong phdi cd quyln, md dilu quan trgng \aphdic6 nh^t huu CO gifta dan chu va chu nghTa xd hfi, ndng luc ldm ehii. Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh ehi V.l. Le-nin ehi ra ring, .noi quan hf dd phdi rd: Mgi ngudi Vift Nam phdi hilu bilt quyln dugc hilu tren hai phuang difn: lgi vd bon phdn cua minh, phdi cd kiln thuc Mot Id. giai cip vd san khdng thi hodn ^di de cd the tham g.a cdng cufc xdy dyng I
thdnh cugc each mang xa hfi chii nghTa, nlu "^^^ nhd. Qua do, cd thd thdy: Ngudi dan ho khdng dugc chudn bi dk tiln tdi cufc cdch '""O" ldm chu, chSng nhftng phdi biit hu&ng mang dd thdng qua cugc ddu tranh cho ehl df ^^y^" '^"^ '^hu, biit dung quydn ldm chu, ma j^j^ j^l^j^ cdn phdi ddm ndi, ddm ldm. Mudn vdy. Dang , , . , . , . , . , , . . , , , . J , , phdi tao ra ca chd thich hgp dd ngudi ddn co Hai la. ehu nghia xd hgi se khong duy tr. r. , .; .x , , , ,1 . • *« i^ . > L
, .; , • i , , . , , •« *i *, dugc cdc yeu to ca ban ma ldm chu, do la: tnnh dugc thang lg., neu khong thyc h.en day du ^^ ,.i , .^^ \ ... , , . . , , , ,
, X *. ,, , t> ^ ^ J (jp h,gy jjigt yg jiai^ ghu phuang phap va ban chedodanchu. i~ u *u u< u J - U- r-- v. - u- j -
I.nh thuc hanh dan chu... Co nhu vay, nhan ddn Qua dd, chiing ta thdy, cflng nhu C. Mdc, ^.^^j ^5 ^^^y^^ j^„ ^^^ ff^^^ ^^
Ph. Ang-ghen, ddi vdi V.l. Le-nin, ddn chu xd /-^ ' * • - * * • u *ui - *_- - <-u' *• u , . . , , , > , ,, .. , ,, *, . Quan tnet tinh than neu ften cua Chu tich hoi chu nghia vua la muc tieu, vua la dong luc u i ou-x^i- u ^ .*•« 1 ••> .u- ' ' ' *
: , , ^ . «. •. , • 6 . Ho Chi Minh vao d.eu kien cu the a nuoc ta cua cach mang xa hoi chu nghia. , •« r» • u-- v i - 'r\ " u -i .«i
• ° • ° h.en nay, Dg. hg. XI cua Dang cho rang, de Vdi til cdch Id dinh cao ftong todn bf ljch sft ^^y ^anh ddn chu hda, cin ndng cao y thftc vl tiln hda cua ddn chu, ddn chu xa hfi chu nghia quygn vd nghia vy cua cdng ddn, ndng luc ldm kdt tinh tiong bdn thdn minh todn bf nhflng gid chii cua nhdn ddn.
ftj ddn chu dgt dugc ftong ljch sft vd ndy sinh ^^ ^ ^ g ^^^^ ^j g«y ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^yx„ dan nhftng gid fti ddn chu u.di yd chdt. 0 ddy, ddn ^j,^ ^^^ ^^^ ddn dugc xft ly kip thdi, dung chu ftd thdnh g.d til phd bidn cua xd hfi, thdm ^in..., theo Chu tjeh Hd Chi Minh, cdc quyln nhgp vdo mgi quan hf chinh ftj xd hfi, mgi ^d phdi duqc thi ehi hoa thdnh Hiin phdp, hnh vyc cua dax sdng xd hf., bao qudt mg. gdc p^^p /„^, ^^ ^ugc thyc hifn bdng nhftng thilt dg ftoiig su tdn tg. cua con ngudi, tgo ra ngdy g^l tiiang ftng cua Nhd nudc. 6 ddy, ddn chu cang ddy du nhftng didu kifn cho sy gidi phdng vd phdp lugt, ddn chu vd ky cuang khdng bai mgi ndng luc sdng tgo cua con ngudi. trft vd phu djnh nhau; tiai l?ii, chung ndm trong
Kl thfta vd phdt ftiln nhftng tu tirdng ndu sy thdng nhit bifn chftng. Id dilu kifn, tiln dl trdn cua chu nghia Mac - Ld-nin, trong quan tdn tgi vd phdt tiiln cua nhau. Thyc tidn cho nifm cua Chu tjeh Hd Chi Minh, "ddn chii" thiy, cd vd chinh phu lan dfc dodn, chuydn khdng tdch rdi quan nifm "ddn Id gdc", "dan quyln diu tiii vdi bdn chit cua nln dan chu Id chu", "ddn ldm chu", "nudc ta Id nudc dan xd hfi chu nghia. Vi vgy, xet vl thyc chit, ddn chu" Khing djnh vai ftd cua nhdn ddn, Chu chu gin liln vdi ky cuong, cd khudn khd, ttong tjeh Hd Chi Minh da xdc djnh vj thi, tii cdch vdng frgt ty, Khdng thd cd ddn chu md lai thilu chu thd xd hfi cua nhan ddn. Song, quan ttgng phdp ludt, ky lugt, ky cuang.
ban thi, Ngudi cdn khing djnh ring, phdi ldm Trong qud tiinh lanh dgo cdng cudc ddi mdi, cho nhdn ddn dugc hu&ng quyln ldm chu xd quan nifm cua Ddng ta vd dan chu cflng khdng hfi trdn thyc tl. Tft "dan Id chu" tiln tdi "ddn ngftng phdt tiiln. Dai hdi VI (nam 1986) da rut 42 So 828 (thdng 10 ndm 2011)
Nghien cuu - Trao doi T p p chf C ^ n g s d n
ra 4 bdi hgc cua cdch mgng Vift Nam, ftong dd bdi hgc thft nhit Id: Trong todn bf hogt dfng cua minh, Ddng phdi qudn trift tu tudng "liy ddn ldm gdc", xdy dyng vd phdt huy quydn ldm chu cua nhdn dan lao dfng. Dgi hfi VI cdn nhan manh vifc thuc hifn "ddn bilt, ddn bdn, ddn ldm, dan kiim fta". Dgi hfi Vll (ndm 1991) thdng qua Cucmg linh xdy dung ddt nu&e trong th&i ky qud dp Iin ehu nghia .\d hpi, nit ra 5 bdi hgc ldn, ftong dd nhdn mgnh: Cdch mang Id su nghifp cua nhdn ddn, do nhdn ddn vd vi nhdn ddn; dua ra quan nifm tdng qudt nhdt vd xd hfi xa hfi chu nghia, tiong dd ehi rd: Xa hfi xd hfi chu nghia md nhdn ddn ta xdy dyng Id mft x§
hfi do nhdn ddn lao dpng ldm ehii. Hfi nghj dai bidu todn qudc gifta nhifm ky khda Vll (nSm
1994) da xdc djnh myc tidu tdng qudt cua qud trinh ddi mdi ndi ridng, ciia qud tiinh xdy dyng chu nghia xd hfi d nudc ta ndi chung, Id phdn ddu vi ddn gidu, nudc mgnh, xd hdi cdng bang, vdn minh; khdng djnh xdy dyng Nhd nudc phdp quydn Vift Nam cua nhdn ddn, do nhdn ddn, vi nhdn dan. Dai hfi IX (ndm 2001) da nit ra 4 bdi hgc qua 15 ndm ddi mdi, ftong dd nhdn mgnh:
Ddi mdi phdi dua vdo nhdn ddn, vi lgi ich cua nhdn ddn. Dgi hfi xdc djnh myc tidu chung cua cdch mang nudc ta Id "Ddn gidu, nudc mgnh, xd hfi cdng bing, ddn chu, van minh" (them hai til "ddn chu"); ldm rd vai ttd dfng lyc to ldn cua dai dodn kit todn ddn, cua ddn chu, cua vifc quan tdm din lgi ich chinh ddng cua con ngudi. Dgi hfi X (ndm 2006) nit ra 5 bdi hgc, frong dd bdi hgc thft hai Id: Ddi m&i phdi vi lai ich eua nhdn ddn, dua vdo nhdn ddn, phdt huy vai trd ehu dpng, sdng tgo eua nhdn dan,... Dgi hfi XI khing djnh: Xa hfi xd hfi chu nghTa Id xa hdi do nhdn ddn ldm chu; ddn chu xd hfi chu nghia vfta Id myc tidu, vfta Id dfng luc cua cdng cufc ddi mdi, xdy dyng vd bdo vf Td qudc, thd hifn mdi quan hf gin bd gifta Ddng, Nhd nudc vd nhdn ddn...
2 Trong qud tiinh ddi mdi, thyc hifn chu truang dan chu hda mgi mat ddi song xa hdi, chung ta cd nhilu budc tiln quan ftgng ftong thuc hifn quyln ldm chu cua nhdn ddn ftdn
cd ITnh vyc kinh tl ldn cdc ITnh vuc chinh trj xdhfi...
Trong 25 na.n qua, Ddng ta dd kien djnh phat trien nen kinh tl thj trudnp djnh hudng xa hfi chu nghTa, xac lap, ciing cd quyln lam chii eiia nhdn dan tren ITnh vyc kinh tl, la co sd vat chit kinh tl dk cd ddn chu trdn cdc linh vyc khde. Thyc hien tu tudng chi dgo dd, chiing ta da cd nhung budc tiln quan trgng trdn mft sd van de sau day:
Ddn chu tren tinh vuc kinh te
Mpt la, xdc lap vd tftng budc hodn thifn thd ehe kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng xa hfi chu nghTa, dat nen kinh te dudi sy kiem sodt ciia nhdn ddn, phyc vy cho nhu cau, lgi ich chinh ddng ciia nhdn ddn.
Ngodi cdc dac trung chung cua kinh te thj trudng, kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng xa hfi chu nghia d nudc ta Id kidu td chftc nen kinh td vfta dya ftdn nhung nguyen tac vd quy ludt cua kinh te thj trudng, vua dua tren nhirng nguyen tic vd quy luat cua chu nghTa xa hfi; vi the, nd mang nhirng net dac thu nhu: Id nen kinh td hon hgp dya ftdn sd hiiu nhd nudc, tap the, tu nhdn, tft dd, hinh thdnh kinh te nhd nudc, kinh tl tap thi, kinh te tu nhan; ket hgp nhidu hinh thftc phdn phdi: phan phdi theo lao dfng, theo vdn vd cdc ngudn lyc khde cho sdn xuat, kinh doanh, phdn phdi qua quy phuc lgi xa hfi..., frong dd, phdn phdi theo lao dfng Id chinh; kdt hgp tdng trudng kinh td, phdt tridn vdn hda vdi thuc hifn tiln bf, cdng bdng xa hfi ngay frong tftng chinh sdch, tftng budc phdt tridn kinh td, gidm bdt khodng cdch chdnh Ifch gidu - ngheo;
thyc hien tdt cdc chinh sdch xd hfi: chinh sdch lao dfng vd vifc ldm, chinh sdch xda ddi, gidm ngheo, ehinh sdch an sinh xd hdi, chinh sdch phdng, chdng cdc td ngn xd hfi; Id ndn kinh td md, tich cyc vd chu dfng hfi nhdp qudc td; nln kinh td ddt dudi sy qudn ly cua Nhd nudc phdp quyln xa hfi chu nghia cua nhdn ddn, do nhdn dan, vi nhdn dan, dudi sy ldnh dgo cua Dang Cfng sdn Vift Nam...
Vifc hifn thuc hda cdc ddc trung mang tinh phd biin ciing nhu ddc thu ndu ftdn se tung
So 828 (thang 10 nam 2011) 43
Nghien cuu Trao doi Tpp chf C ^ n g s d n
budc tgo dilu kifn de mgi tang Idp nhdn ddn d tit cd cac viing, .nien oua dat nudc lung budc vuan len ldm chu tien ITnh vyc kinh tl. Mft net dd thiy nhit la nhd phat trien nln kinh tl thj trudng djnh hudng xd hgi chii nghia vdi vifc xdc Igp thj trudng sue lao dfng, da cho phdp ngudi cd sftc lao dgng khdng chi thyc hifn dugc quydn ldm chi. sftc lao dfng cua minh md cdn cd dieu kifn de sftc lao dgng dy dugc van dyng nham mang lai lgi ich chinh ddng cho ngudi cd sftc lao dfng dd vi nhu cau cua bdn than cung nhu ciia sy phdt trien xd hfi ndi chung. Cung nhd vifc xdc lap nhieu hinh thftc sd huu, nhieu khu vyc kinh tl - tron^ dd cd kinh td tu nhdn - md khdng it ngudi cd tidm lyc kinh te, cd ndng lyc to chftc sdn xudt, kinh doanh cd the ldm chu tidm lyc vd ndng lyc cua minh frong hogt dfng kinh td, bidn tidm lyc kinh td dd thdnh nhihig nhdn td sdng dfng trong thyc tien kinh tl dl mang lgi lgi ich chinh ddng cho bdn thdn vd cd tdc dfng tich cyc tdi sy phdt tridn xd hdi.
Hai la, dang tijfng budc hinh thdnh co ehl kinh td md d dd, mgi ngudi lao dfng diu dugc tham gia sd huru, qudn ly dudi nhilu hinh thftc khde nhau.
Trong khi khdng djnh vai ftd nln tdng cua cdng huu, chung ta cflng chu truang diy manh phdt tridn doanh nghifp cd phdn, ldm cho nd ftd thdnh hinh thftc td chftc kinh tl phd biin, thuc diy xd hfi hda sdn xuit, kinh doanh vd sd huu. Nhd thuc hifn chu truang ndy, sd doanh nghifp nhd nudc dugc cd phin hda ngdy cdng tdng; hdng chyc trifu ngudi lao dfng ldm vifc trong cdc doanh nghifp dd da cd co phin, nghia Id hg cflng Id chu sd hun doanh nghifp.
Cung vdi phdt ftiln kinh tl cd phin, hgp tdc xd cfing rit dugc quan tdm phdt ftiln. Nhu vgy, quydn sd hun cua ngudi lao dfng cflng dugc thyc hifn qua hinh thftc sd huu tap thi.
Ba la, nd lyc kit hgp kl hogch nghidm ngdt cua Nhd nudc vdi vifc phdt huy sdng kiln cua doanh nghifp, cua ngudi lao dfng.
Quyln ldm chu vl sd huu phdi dugc thi hifn cy thi, dugc hifn thuc hda qua quyln van
dyng cdc nguon lyc kinh tl, dua chung vdo hogt dfng sdn xuit, kinh doanh. Lidn quan din van de ndy, trong nhCftig ndm gdn ddy chftng ta dd ldm tuong doi tot hai vifc quan ftgng:
Thie nhdt, thdng qua vifc xdy dyng vd van hdnh Quy chd Ddn chu trong doanh nghifp, quyln tham gia cua ngudi lao dfng vdo vifc xdc djnh phuang dn sdn xudt, kinh doanh, didu hdnh doanh nghifp, bdo ddm cdc chd df cho ngudi lao dfng... cd nhflng budc tiln ddng ke.
Thu hai, thyc hifn chii truang giao quydn chu dgng cho doanh nghifp, quyen hdnh cua gidm doc, Clia cdn bf qudn ly doanh nghifp dugc xdc djnh rd ban, cd thyc quyln ban. Ddi vdi doanh nghifp co phdn, doanh nghifp tu nhan, didu dd cdng thi hifn rd.
Bon Id, Ddng, Nhd nudc cd nhilu chu tnrang, bifn phdp di djnh hudng sy phdt tiiln cua thj trudng, ldm cho thj trudng phdi thuc sy Id noi canh tranh trdn nguydn tac gid trj, chat lugng de bdo ddm Igi ich cua doanh nghifp va ngudi tidu dung.
Quydn ldm chu cua nhdn ddn trdn linh vyc kinh tl dugc bilu hifn mft cdch thyc chit nh§t d quydn ldm chu vd tidu dung, quyln dugc hudng nhung gid trj tidu dung phu hgp - cd vd lugng lan vd chdt vdi cong hiin cua hg cho xa hfi. Nhung, frong nln kinh tl thj tiudng, cgnh franh Id mft dfng lyc quan ti^ng cua su phdt tiiln. Cgnh franh cd thi diln ra dudi nhidu dgng thftc khde nhau vdi nhihig tdc ddng khac nhau tdi quyln ldm chft cua nhan dan canh franh trdn ca sd tit ylu kinh tl vd canh tranh frdn ca sd sft dyng nhihig thft dogn phi kinh te de cdc doanh nghifp "nudt chftng" nhau va
"nudt chftng" ngudi tidu diing, ldm cho nhftng doanh nghifp ldm dn nghidm tftc chiu thua thift, ngudi lao dfng phdi tidu dftng nhung sdn phim khdng bdo ddm chit lugng vdi gid cdt CO... Di ngdn chdn, tiln tdi diy lui tinh ftgng dd, chung ta da cd nhilu chu truang, gidi phdp tich cyc: hodn thifn hf chuin phdp ludt; dilu chinh chi tdi; gido dye tinh thin canh franh ldnh mgnh, sdng phing; tdng cudng thanh ti^
gidm sdt...
44 S6 828 (thang 10 ndm 2011)
Nghien Cliu Trao doi Tpp chf C^ng s d n
Ddn chu tren link vuc chinh tri
Dudi gidc do chung nhit, quyln ldm chii cua nhan ddn fren ITnh vyc chinh frj bao gdm quydn ty do vd an ninh cd nhdn; quyln dugc bdo vf dd khdng bj fra tdn; quydn cd tu cdch phdp ly d mgi nai; quyln dugc phdp ludt bdo vf mft cdch binh ddng; ty do tu tiidng, tin ngudng vd tdn gido, tu do y kiln vd bilu dgt;
ty do hfi hgp; ty do lap hgi; quyln tham gia chinh quydn;...
Trong didu kifn cy thi d nudc ta hifn nay, ddn chu frdn linh vyc chinh frj bao gdm nhftng nfi dung chu ydu sau ddy:
Thie nhdt, quydn dugc cd mft nhd nudc thyc sy ddn chu, cua nhdn ddn, do nhdn ddn, vi nhdn ddn. Nhd nudc phdi thyc sy Id cdng cy dd thuc thi nhung quydn chinh ddng cua nhan ddn. Tu nd, mgi ca quan nhd nudc khdng cd quydn, mgi quydn lyc md Nhd nudc cd dugc ddu do nhdn ddn uy quydn cho. Nhd nudc vd mgi hogt dfng cua nd phdi dgt dudi sy kidm sodt tryc tidp vd thdng qua cdc td chftc dai difn cua nhdn ddn. Nhdn ddn cd quydn bdy td tin nhifm hay bdt tin nhifm ddi vdi mft bf phdn CO quan nhd nudc, mdt cdng chftc nhd nudc ldm hgi tdi lgi ich chinh ddng cua minh...
Thu hai, md rfng quyln cua ngudi ddn tham gia cdng vifc nhd nudc. Mftc df nhdn ddn tham gia cdng vifc nhd nudc vd xa hfi, hifu qud cua su tham gia dd Id thudc do ddnh gid tiinh do ddn chu vl chinh tii cua nhan dan, trinh df ddn chu cua chd df chinh trj.
Thu ba, bdo ddm gift vihig djnh hudng xa hfi chu nghia, gift vihig nln tdng chu nghTa Mdc - Ld-nin vd tii tiidng Hd Chi Minh, bdo ddm cho mgi ngudi ddn quyln ty do suy nghT, ty do ngdn ludn, ty do tin ngudng...
Thie tu, mgi dai bilu cho nhdn dan phdi dugc nhdn dan biu ra bing mft cdng nghf thyc sy dan chft; mgi cdng ddn diu dugc binh ding trudc phdp ludt...
Nhin vdo thyc tl, ftdn cd bdn vin dk vfta ndu, chung ta diu cd nhflng budc tiln cdn bdn, gdp phin ndng cao quyln ldm chu cua nhdn
ddn tren ITnh vyc chinh trj, tft dd, tinh tich cyc chinh trj ciia nhdn dan cd budc tidn mdi ve chat.
Ddn chu tren Knh vuc xa hpi, ddn sur Trdn ITnh vyc xa hfi, ddn sy, dan chii bao gdm: khdng bj phdn bift doi xft; quyln sdng;
quydn ty do vd an ninh cd nhdn; quydn dugc phdp luat bdo vf .not cdch binh dang; quyen dugc bdo vf khdi bj bat gift, giam cim hoac luu ddy mft each tuy tifn; quyln vd ddi tu;
quyen ty do di lgi; quyen cd quoc tjeh; quydn dugc ddi xft nhdn dao khi bi tudc tu do; quyln kdt hdn vd ldp gia dinh; quyln dugc bdo vf vd frg giiip gia dinh; cdc quyln binh ding gifta nam vd nO trong hdn nhdn; quydn an sinh xa hfi; quydn cd vifc ldm vd cd didu kifn ldm vifc cdng bang, thudn lgi; quydn dugc nghi ngoi, gidi tri; quyen dugc gido dye, dugc tham gia ddi sdng van hda; quydn cua ngudi dan tfc thidu sd dugc cd ddi sdng van hda ridng cua hg...
Nhin lai 25 ndm ddi mdi, lidn quan tdi quydn ldm chu cua nhdn ddn fren ITnh vuc xa hfi, dan sy, chung ta cd nhung budc tidn quan frgng fren nhimg vdn de co ban sau:
Mpt la, quyen cdng ddn, quydn con ngudi cua nhdn ddn ta khdng chi dugc bdo ddm bang phdp ly thdng qua vifc thd chd hda cdc quydn dd thdnh ludt, md quan frgng ban, dugc bdo ddm frong thyc td.
Hai la, quydn dugc bdo vf vd mat xd hfi cua mgi cdng ddn cd nhidu chuydn bidn tich cyc.
Ba la, khde phyc ddn sy khde bift gifta cdc tang ldp xa hfi, gifta cdc viing cua ddt nudc.
Vift Nam dd hodn thdnh chi tidu xda ddi, gidm ngheo trudc thdi hgn so vdi Myc tidu Thidn nidn ky (MDG) md Lidn hgp qudc dua ra vd dugc nhidu nudc xem Id mdu muc.
Bon Id, hinh thftc cdc td chftc ngodi nhd nudc ngdy mft da dgng, phong phu; sd lugng cdc td chftc ngodi nhd nudc phdt tridn manh;
vai trd cua cdc thidt chd ngodi nhd nudc ngdy mft tdng.
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Nghien ciiu Trao doi Tpp chf C ^ n g s d n
Trong khi khang dinh nhung budc tien quan trgng ve dan chu ma chiing ta tl;i dat dugc qua 25 n§m ddi mdi, Dai hgi XI cua Dang cung thSng than chi ra rang, nhung budc tien dd
"chua dap ung yeu cau cua nhan dan va sy phat trien Clia dat nudc" Do vgy, Dai hfi XI nhin manh sy can thiol phai tiep tuc xay dyng va hoan thien nen dan chu xS hfi chu nghTa, bdo da.n quyen lyc thugc vo nhan dan, mgi dudng ldi, chu truang cua Dang, chinh sach, phdp lugt oua Nha nudc deu vi lgi ich ciia nhdn dan, can bg, cdng chuc thgt sy la cdng bgc ciia nhdn dan, cd nang lyc thyc hanh dan chu \ a bao dam dan chii, nang cao y thftc ve quyen \'a nghTa vy cua cdng dan, nSng lyc ldm chii va diou kifn tham gia qudn ly xS hfi ciia nhan dan"'.
3 De thyc hien tu tudng chi dgo dd, didu cdt ldi nhat la phai nhdn thftc sdu sic hon nfta vai tro ctia nhdn ddn. quyen eua nhdn ddn.
Thdnh qud ddi mdi tu duy ciia Ddng dd dua den khang djnh:
Mpt la. Dang Cfng sdn Vift Nam Id dfi tidn phong cua giai cdp cdng nhdn, ddng thdi Id dfi tien phong cua nhdn ddn lao dfng vd ciia ddn tfc Viet Nam.
Hai la, Nhd nudc ta Id Nhd nudc phdp quyln xa hfi chu nghTa Vift Nam cua nhdn ddn, do nhan dan, vi nhdn dan.
Xem xet hai thdnh qud ddi mdi tu duy dd tft gidc df phdt huy ddn chu, quydn ldm chu ciia nhdn dan, can khing djnh ring:
Khi dgt dugc sy thong nhit gifta bdn chit giai cip cdng nhdn vdi tinh nhdn ddn, tinh ddn tfc Id llic Dang mgnh nhit, cho phdp phdt huy sftc manh cua todn dan tfc. Nhung tft dd cung cin khing djnh ring, nhdn ddn ta, dan tfc ta eo quyin vd nghia vy xay dyng, bdo vf Ddng ciia minh. Hifu qud cdng tdc xdy dyng Dang phdi dugc do bing vide Ddng thyc sy Id mft co cbl md, mdt td chftc md ddi vdi mgi ngudi ddn, theo nghia hg cd thudn lgi han, de ddng ban khi mudn gia nhdp dfi ngu cua Ddng; hg cd thi dd ddng hon trong vifc tilp can vdi Ddng,
trong vifc nim vftng tinh hinh td chftc vd hogt dfng Clia Ddng, trong vifc kiim tra, gidm sat Ddng cua mlnh. Ndi cdch khde, thudc do ddnh gia higu qud cdng tdc xay dung Ddng Id d budc tien trong vifc dan chii hda khdng chi sinh hoat nfi bf Ddng, md cdn Id vd trudc hit Id ddn chit hoa quan hp giita Ddng v&i ddn. Dgt tdi dinh cao cua dan chu hda trdn cd hai quan hf dd, Ddng s5 thyc sy Id bieu tugng vl ddn chu - mft dieu kifn, tien de khdng the thieu de ddn chu hda todn bf ddi sing xd hfi.
- 6 nudc ta hifn nay, Nhd nudc Id thidt ehl bdo ddm quyen ldm chu cua nhdn ddn. Nhdn dan ldm chu bing Nhd nudc, thdng qua Nh^
nudc Id CO chd cd hifu qud nhdt. Xet vd thyc chat, Nha nudc ta Id nhd nudc cua nhdn ddn, do nhdn ddn, vi nhdn ddn. Ty nd, mgi co quan nha nudc khdng cd quydn. Mgi quydn lyc nhd nudc cd dugc ddu do nhdn ddn uy quydn cho nd. De khdng dien ra tinh frgng nhdn ddn uy quydn cho Nhd nudc rdi minh mdt quydn (dd Id sy tha hda cua quyen lyc nhd nudc - cfi ngudn sau xa nhat cua tinh frgng quan lieu, tham nhiing), mgi boat dfng cua Nhd nudc ddu phdi dgt dudi sy kidm tra, giam sdt cua nhdn ddn. Nhd nudc dd phdi hogt dfng theo nguydn tic md Chu tjeh Hd Chi Minh da dk ra vd hdt sftc coi frgng:
Viic gi CO Iqi eho ddn phdi hit sire ldm; vieegi CO hqi cho ddn phdi hit sire trdnh.
Qudn trift tinh thdn ndu frdn, frong ddi mdi Nhd nudc, cdn xem vifc ddy mqnh ddn ehu hoa Nhd nu&c vd ddn chu hda mdi quan he giica Nhd nu&e vd nhdn ddn Id mft frgng didm.
Thyc hifn tdt nhftng vin dl ndu ftdn, chic chin ddn chu d nudc ta se cd budc tiln can bdn, vung chdc ban; vai ftd cua dan chu viia Id myc tidu, vfta Id dfng luc efta ddi mdi ndi ridng, cua qud ftinh xdy dvmg chu nghia xd hfi d nudc ta ndi chung se ngdy cdng thi hifn ro net hon.Q
(3) Xem: VSn kien Dgi h^i dgi bieu todn quoc ldn thif XI, Nxb. Chinh tri qu6c gia - Su thit. Ha Noi, 2011, tr. 238 - 239
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