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BAN CHAT CHINH TRI TRONG
Q U Y £ TDESfH RUT KHOI HIEP DINH PARIS VE BifiN DC)I Kffl HA^
CUA TONG THONG DONALD TRUMP
L£ Quang Manh*
NguyJn fitrc Manh**
Tom tat: Mac dii quyit dinh rdt nude My khdi Hiep dinh Paris vi biin ddi khi hdu dd dugc nhiiu ngudi du dodn, bdi day Id mgt trong nhirng noi dung quan trgng trong cuang linh tranh cit ciia dng Donald Trump, nhung khi dugc cdng bd, nd dd gay bdt ngd cho cdc qudc gia trin thi gidi. Quyit dinh ndy khdng chi thudn tuy la mot vdn di chong biin ddi khi hgu, md nd cdn mang dam tinh chinh tri, tinh giai cdp, nd xudtphdt tit muc dich bdo vi quyin Igi cua tdng Idp tu bdn cdng nghiep, khdng chi tdm dnh huong ciia tdng lap tu bdn tdi chinh. Xet cho cilng, quyit dinh dy ciing phuc vu muc dich Id duy tri su thdng tri ciia giai cdp tu san vd vi thi ciia nude My vol tu cdch la sieu cudng sd mgt tren bdn do dia chinh tri the gidi.
Tir khoa: Hiep dinh Paris ve bidn ddi kbl hau; Tdng thdng Donald Trump; tu ban cdng nghiep; giai cap; nMen lieu hda thach.
N
ha nude ra ddi la thanh qua tat thu doan, phan anh nhung mau thuin ydu cila mdt xa hdi cd giai cSp. giua eae tap doan dde quydn trong timg Ban than Nha nude la cdng cu thdi ky nhit dinh va tren timg vln dd chuydn chmh eua mdt giai cdp, nd sin nhat dinh. Ndi each khac, ngudn gdc sau sang su dung moi edng cu, moi Men xa cua nhOng khac Met vd quan didm phap cd thd cd dd bao ve su thdng tri cua giua hai ehinh dang hop hidn cua nude giai c4p dd. Chinh vi thd, V.I. Lenm My la tir su bat ddng trong quydn loi vd khang dinh rjng; ".. .nhd nuac chi Id mdt kinh te cua cac ting lop trong ndi bd td chiic thdng tri cita mgt giai cap"' va giai cip tu san. Ndi bd giai cip tu san"bdt cit nhd nude ndo cung Id mgt bd My phan hda thanh nhidu ting Im, may di mdt giai cdp ndy trdn dp giai cdp trong dd tang Idp tu san edng nghidn v ' khdc"^. Ndn ehinh tri My tu kM ra ddi ting lap tu san tai chinh la ndi bat h ddn nay la he thdng quydn lire do dang ca. Ndu nhu dang Cdng hda IJ chinh Cdng hda va dang Dan ehu thay phien dang eua ting lap tu ban cdng nghi*
nhau nim quydn. Giua hai dang nay thien hudng vd san xuit dd gia tang a '•
khdng cd su khac biet gi vd ban chit, ma tri thang du bdc lot giai cip edng nhl cM cd nhung khac biet vd sach luoc va thi dang Dan chu la chinh dang cii
' Vim Nghien cim Ly lugn chinh tri CAND - Hoc vien Chinh tri Cong an nhan ddn '* Hoc viin Chinh tri Cong an nhan ddn
CHAU MY NGAY NAY S 6 01-2019 35
tang Idp tu ban tai chinh, tang lap tu san
"sinh loi" tu cac boat ddng budn ban, giao thuang, tjn dvmg su lim thdng khdng ngung eua ddng tien trong nen kinh te the gidi. Trong eae eude bau cii Tdng thdng My, ban than cac ling cu vien dang Cdng hda My duae tai trgf bdi cac t|p doan, doanh nghidp san xuat cdng nghiep, cdn cac ling cii vien dang Dan chu da huy dpng quy tranh cu tir ngudn tien ciia gidi tu ban tai ehinh.
Nhu trudng hop eua dng Barack Obama,
"trong cudc tranh cu Tdng thdng ndm 2008, ngudi Idm viec trong nganh tdi chinh, bdo hiim, bdt dgng sdn ddng gdp 16 trieu USD, tuong duong khodng 21%
trong tdng sd 76,5 trieu USD (muc udc tinh tdi thiiu) md ba td chire gay quy Ion nhdt huy ddng dugc cho chiin dich tranh cit cua dng. Din cudc tranh cir Tdng thdng ndm 2012, khodng 1/3 trong sd tiin md dng Obama huy ddng dugc din tir ngudi lam vi^c trong linh viJtc tdi chinh" Trong khi dd, "ung cit viin ddng Cdng hda, dng Mitt Romney nhgn dugc su hgu thudn rdt lan tit cdc td chuc vgn dgng tranh cir tu nhdn ciia cdc tgp dodn cdng nghiep ngng. Rieng td chire American Crossroads, mgt quy ddu tu cd sit tdi trg ciig cdc nhd tdi phiit cdng nghiep ngng khdng dinh se huy dong tdi 300 trieu USD phuc vu cho cdc ehuong trinh vd qudng cdo hdu thudn cho irng cit viin ddng Cgng hda "*
S\r phan hda trong ndi bo giai cap tu san da xae lap hudng tiep can khac nhau ciia mdi ddi Tdng thdng dai dien cho cac
chmh dang ra ttanh eu va trong ehuong trinh nghi su cua ho tren cuong vi Tdng thdng My. Donald Trump, vdn xuit than la mdt ty phu, la ling cil vidn eua dang Cong hda ra tranh cu Tdng thdng My vao nam 2016. Do dd, ngay tir trong cucmg linh tranh cii eho ddn khi trd thanh Tdng thdng My, ty phii Trump ludn diu tranh bao ve quyen loi cua tang lop tu ban edng nghiep. Ban than nhimg nha tu ban cdng nghiep da trd thanh nhOng "ed ddng" Idn nhit, ddng gdp tai ehinh cho chien dich van dpng tranh cit cua dng Trump. Dd bao ve quydn Igd eua tang lap tu ban edng nghiep My, theo Tdng thdng Trump, nhiem vu tidn quydt la phai tang cudng phat trien ndn san xuat cdng nghiep trong nude dd tang cudng tich liiy tu ban. Ben eanh do, phat trien san xuat edng nghiep trong nude se tao ra vd sd vide lam, thii ma theo dng, eae doanh nghiep My da mang di khi dat hang loat nha may, khu nghien ciiu ra nude ngoai.
Trong cudn sach Nude My nhin tir bin trong, duae soan nhu cuong Imh tranh cur tdng thdng ciia minh, Tdng thdng Donald Trump khing dinh: "Nhiing dif dn ndy khiin ngudi ta di lam, khdng chi ngudi lam cong md cdn cd nhitng nhd sdn xuat, nhd cung ung, nhd thiit ki vd diing thi, cd lugt su nita. Uy ban Thugng vi^n udc tinh rdng viec tdi thiit nude My se tgo ra 13 trieu viec Idm" .
De thiie day san xuat cdng nghidp trong nude, ke tit khi nham chiic vao ngay 20/01/2017, dng Trump da thuc hidn nhihig lai hiia trong cuong linh
36 SO 01-2019 tranh cu thdng qua cac hanh ddng, nhu;
quydt dinh nude My nit khdi Hiep dinh ddi tac xuyen Thai Binh Duong (TPP) tuyen bd dam phan lai Hiep udc Man dich Tu do Bic My (NAFTA), de doa se trimg phat eae doanh nghiep dat nha may tai nude ngoai va ngay 01/6/2017, Tdng thong Donald Trump tuyen bd nit My khdi Hiep dinh Paris ve bien ddi khi hau. Tuyen bd nhan manh: "Bi thuc hien nghia vii bdo ve nude My vd ngudi ddn My, nude My se riit khdi Hiep dinh Paris vi biin ddi khi hau song se bat ddu dam phdn Igi nhdm mang din mgt thda thudn cdng bdng han cho nude My, doanh nghiep, nguai lao dong vd ngudi ddn My". Quydt dinh rut My khdi Hiep dinh Paris vd bidn ddi khi hau ciing duae giai thich la mot frong nhOng bidn phap nhim tranh lam cho nen kinh td My sup dd. Nhu vay, quydt dinh cua Tdng thong Donald Trump khdng thuin tuy ehi d linh vuc ehdng Men ddi khi hau, ma nd mang dam tinh chinh tri va giai cip. Cd the ly giai nhu sau:
Thii nhdt, quydt dinh nay la mdt chide khidn bao ve ting lop tu ban cdng nghiep trudc nhirng siic dp ma Hidp dinh Paris vd bidn ddi khi hau mang lai.
Khi ky kdt Hiep dinh, Tdng thdng tien nhiem Barack Obama dua ra mdt ke hoach tao bao se cit giam 32% lupng khi thai CO2 cho tdi nam 2030, thay vi 26% - 28% ma nude My da cam kdt
CHAU MYNGAVNAi- Tdng thdng Obama da gidi thieu chuang trinh duoc bi^t ddn dudi ten g?'
"cap and trade" (mua ban han ngach d nhiem), tao ra mdt miic trin, hay i^"^' ddi vdi luong khi thai CO2 mdi nam ciia cac doanh nghiep. Didu dd bude ho phai giam lupng khi thai, hoac ddng mdt khoan thud danh vao lupng khi thai vupt muc trin eda hp. He qua la, cac nha tu ban cdng nghiep phai thu nhd quy md san xuit, sa thai cdng nhan, gia tang sd ngudi that nghidp va gia ca cac san pham san xuat ra tang vpt, lupng hang hda xa hoi thi giam di dang ke, tao ra nhirng anh hudng trong nen kinh td My. Tir gdc nhin eiia chinh quyen tien nhiem Barack Obama, mdt vj Tdng thdng ddn tir dang Dan chii thi quydt dinh tham gia Hidp dinh chdng bien ddi khi hau Paris la hoan toan diing dan.
Trudc bdt, ehdng bidn doi khi hau la van de toan can ddi hdi eae qudc gia, nhat la cac cudng qude ed trach nhiem Chung tay giai quyit. Vdi vai trd la sieu cuong thd giai, MS khdng thd khdng tham gia giai quydt vin dd bidn ddi khi h?u, tham eW, thdng qua vide giai quydt van de bien ddi khi hau. My cd cd dd can thiep vao edng viec ndi bd cua nhidu khu vuc va qudc gia tren thd gioi, dang thoi eung cd vi thd lanh d?io thd gidi cua minh va My hda cac gia tri toan ciu Ben eanh dd,
Barack Obama, tang 16p tu dtdi thdi Tdng thdng tnidc dd, ddng nghia vdi viec ting Idp chinh cd ea hdi day manh hozit ddng tai tu ban edng nghiep se phai ban ehd san loi dung triet dd xu thd toan ciu hda vi xuit de tranh thai ra qua nhidu khi CO,, chii tniang hdi nhap kmh td quflc ti c /
CHAU MY NGAY NAY 37 nhieu qude gia de dau tu tan dung
ngudn nhan lue gia re. Khi dd, cac nha tu ban tai chinh My da xuat khiu khi CO2 ra nude ngoai, chuyen ganh nang cit giam khi CO, cho cac nude tiep nhan dau tu eua My. Nhu vay nude My vua the hien duae trach nhiem cua mdt sieu cudng, vira tan thu nhd eae xu thd toan eau hda va ehu truong hdi nhap kinh te qude te tir nude ngoai.
Tuy nhien, Tdng thdng Trump len nim quyen da cd quan diem de phat trien ndn san xuat trong nude, yeu td tidn quyet la phai tao moi dieu kien thuan Ipi eho phat tridn, nhu: cat giam thud, keu gpi doanh nghidp trd vd nude, tao cdng an vide lam cho ngudi lao ddng trong nude. Mdt trong nhimg Men phap de cat giam thud la xda bd ban ngach khi CO2 thai ra mdi trudng. Mudn xda bd han ngach khi CO2 thai ra mdi trudng thi khdng cdn each nao khac ngoai nit My khdi Hiep dinh Paris ve bien ddi khi ban, ke ea dd cd la mot nd lue cua chinh quydn tidn nhiem. Gia tang lupng khi CO2 thai ra tir cac boat ddng san xuat cdng nghiep trong nude khdng ddng nghia la da md rdng ndn san xuat cdng nghiep, nhimg md rdng nen san xuat edng nghiep trong nude thi nhat thiet phai gia tang lupng khi CO2 thai ra mdi trudng. Ndu nude My tidp tuc chay theo cac muc tidu cat giam lupng khi thai CO2 thi nen kinh te My nhanh chdng sup dd; hang chuc trieu vide lam bien mit, hang tram trieu thidt bi, may mde, day chuyen san xuat
cdng nghiep se trd thanh dd bd; ting Idp tu ban cdng nghiep nhanh chdng pha san. Du bao vd Idia nang nay, Tdng thdng Trump viet: "...vdi chi phi nang lugng tdng viin vut, ty le thdt nghiip d mire hai con sd, sijt tiiu xdi hoang phi ciia chinh phii..., thi kit qua trd nin rd rdng din dau ddn - chiing ta dang edm ddu vdo thdm hoa kinh ti " .
Ydu can ciiu van ndn kinh te dupe dat len vai Tdng thdng Donald Trump, neu khdng nhanh chdng cdi trdi cho nen san xuat cdng nghiep My, ndn kinh te My se gidng nhu mdt qua bong bdng bj chide kim chdng bien ddi khi hau ehpe thung.
Trong bdi eanh the gidi ngay cang ed nhiing dien bien nghieh ehieu cho My thi ydu ciu iy ngay cang trd nen cap thiet. Ndn san xuat edng nghiep trong nude trd nen yeu kem, trong khi cac doanh nghiep thi nhau dat nha may san xuSt d nude ngoai, san luong san pham xa hdi trd nen ngheo nan, keo theo la lam phat tang eao, tinh trjng that nghidp khdng ed dau hieu ha nhidt, ngudi dan My it ed eo hdi duae dimg cac mat hang chit luong ma phai "nit vi" dd mua eae mat hang chit luong kem. Trudc thue te do, ting lop tu ban edng nghiep My phai tim moi each dutig ding sau eae quyet dinh ciia Tdng thdng Trump de gianh lai cac tra the eho minh.
Thii hdi, quydt dinh ciia Tdng thdng Trump hudng den kiem chd siic anh hudng ciia ting Idp tu ban tai chinh, vdn dang chiem tm thd kd tit khi dang Dan ehu len nim quyen tir nam 2008.
38 SO 01-2019 Dudi thdi Tdng thdng Barack Obama, dng da cd sang kien mien thue eho nhimg cdng ty nao mang lai cdng an vide lam tir nude ngoai vd nude My.
Tuy nhien, chinh sach thu hut cac edng ty nude ngoai trd ve My khdng dupe dng Obama thue hien triet dd. Tren thuc td, nude My dudi thdi cua dng Obama da hda minh vao xu the toan eau hda, cac doanh nghiep My ngay cang tan dung khdng gian ay de dau tu ra nude ngoai, tir dd tao dieu kien de nganh tai chinh, ngan hang phat tridn tir cac khoan vay no de kinh doanh. Khi chinh quydn Tdng thdng Obama tham gia ky ket Hidp dinh Paris ve Men ddi khi hau nam 2015, cac doanh nghiep My cang ed ly do de di ra nude ngoai, ngoai viec su dung ngudn nhan cdng gia re lai khdng phai lo ngai nguy ea dung trin khi thai CO2. Trudc thuc td iy, khi eon la irng eii vien Tdng thdng My, dng Trump da ehua xdt ndi ring: "Hg chi ra hg "thanh cdng" den mite ndo khi hg cdn Id CEO ciia mot cdng ty Idn, nai hg edt giam 30.000 viec lam, nhiiu ngudi trong sd ndy Igi ra nude ngodi, vd thi Id diiu ndy Igi khiin hg trd thdnh nhirng chuyin gia tgo viec lam - nhirng chuyin gia girl vi^c lam ra bin ngodi nude My di thay thi nhiing viec Idm bin trong nude My" . Tham chi, dng Trump cdn eho rang, Chinh quydn Obama dS cd tinh tham gia Hiep dinh ehdng bien ddi khi hsiu de tao ed cho cac doanh nghiep nude My dau tu ra ben ngoai, tao da cho cac nha tu ban tai ehinh dupe lai.
CHAU M t NGAY NAY,
Nhu vay, thuc chit quydt dinh rt' nude My khdi Hi6p dinh Paris vd biSn ddi khi hau da xda di ly do dd eae doanh nghiep, tap doan diu tu My ra nude ngoai. Ndi each khac, dng Trump da ba thip vai trd eua ting Idtp tu ban tai chinh va nang vai trd ciia ting lap tu ban cdng nghiep idn cao thdng qua quydt dinh nit My khdi Hiep dinh Paris vd bidn ddi khi hau. Ngay 17/02/2017, phat bieu trudc cac nhan vien cua Tap doan san xuat may bay Boeing d Bac Charleston, bang Nam Carolina, ngay sau khi nham chiic, Tdng thdng Trump tuydn bd: "Trin cuang vi tdng thdng, toi se lam mgi viec di CO thi gidi phdng siic mgnh ciia tinh than My vd mang viec Idm trd Igi vdi nhihig ngudi ddn tuyit vdi cOa chiing ta... Khau hieu cua chiing ta Id "mua hdng My vd thui nguai My" Chiing ta cdn cdc sdn phdm lam tgi My vd do ngudi My Idm ra".
Thii ba, cudi eiing quydt dinh nay cua dng Tramp hudng tdi muc tieu chidn lupe la duy tri su thdng tri eua giai cip tu san trong xa hdi.
Day la mdt didu tit y6u trong bit cii quyet dinh nao eua Tdng thdng My tir ttude ddn nay. Ban chit cua ndn chinh tri My la dd phuc vu giai cip thdng tri, ma d day la giai cip tu san. Tuy nhi^n, vin dd cdn trd nen cip bach hon, khi n6u ap dat h?n ngach thai khi CO2 ra mdi tnrdng thi ndn cdng nghiep My diing trade bd vuc thim, phai sa thai cdng nhan, tinh tran that nghiep trd nen phd Mdn va s6 xu'^
hidn tmh the each mang, bao hieu h
CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 01-2019 39
mdt cudc each mang xa hdi tat yeu xay ra. Ndu khdng nit My khdi Hiep dinh Paris vd bidn ddi khi hju tU nude My se rai vao vien eanh xa xdi ay. De bao vd su thdng tri cua giai cap tu san khdng cdn each nao khac ngoai cdi trdi cho nen cdng ngMdp My, thiic diy san xuit cdng nghiep trong nude va tao ra vd sd vide lam dd xoa diu nhiing mau thuin ddi khang giiia giai cip tu san va giai cap edng nhan ludn Men hiiu trong xa hdi My.
Thii tu, quydt dinh ciia Donald Tramp sau xa ban la de duy tri vi thd sieu cudng thd gidi cua My trong trat tu da cue, nhidu trung tam. Khi nude My tuyen bd nit khdi Hidp dinh Paris vd bien ddi khi ban, nhieu qude gia da len an hanh ddng nay cua My. Da sd eae qude gia cho rang, nude My da tu rdi bd vi the eua mdt sieu cudng khi giai quydt cac van dd toan eau, trong dd ed ITnh vuc Men ddi khi hau. Tuy nhien, theo dng Tramp, bien doi khi hau khdng phai la mdi de doa Idn nhat, tham chi, de can nhac giiia viec phai danh ddi ndn edng nghidp My vdi van dd ehdng bien ddi khi h^u thi la mdt didu khdng tudng. Vi the ciia nude My suy giam khdng phai do nude My nit khdi Hiep dinh Paris vd bien ddi khi hau ma vdn di la do su ejnh tranh vi tri lanh dao thd gidi va sir ndi len eua Trang Qude, Nga, Nhat Ban, EU. Du bao ddn bdt thd ky XXI, My vin la ndn kinh td Idn nhit thd gidi, noi dat nha may san xuat ddng dd la, ddng tidn trung gian su dung trong eae trao ddi thuong mai qude td ke tit sau Hiep udc
Bretton Wood nam 1944, ddng thdi, eiing la qude gia sd biru lue lupng khoa hpc Idn nhat the gidi. The nhung, vi thd eua My dang bi de doa tir cac qudc gia dang trdn da phat trien manh me, mdi qude gia deu khing dinh minh la mdt cue trong trat tu the gidi mdi.
Den nay, Trung Qude dS vuan len trd thanh nen kinh td cd quy md Idn thii hai sau My, thay ddi phuong cham tir "gian minh chd thdi" sang "phin diu de thanh cdng", nhan manh mdt Trung Qude ehua tranh gianh vi tri dan dau, nhung se phit cd. Dd thuc hien phuong cham dd, d trong nude. Dang Cdng san Tnmg Qudc dat ra hai mde ky nidm 100 nam.
Diu tidn la xay dimg mdt xa hdi kha gia vao nam 2020, tlie mpt nam trade su kien ky niem 100 nam ngay thanh lap Dang Cdng san Tnmg Qudc; thii hai, phat ttidn Trang Qudc thanh qudc gia xa hdi ehu nghia, hien dai toan didn vao nam 2049, diing dip trdn 100 nam ngay khai sinh nude Cong hda Nhan dan Trang Hoa. Yd ddi ngoai, Trung Qude thuc Men dudng Idi ddi ngoai gpi la
"Giic mong Trang Hoa", khdi phvic I^i vi the cudng quoc da danh mat ke tit cudc Chidn tranh nha phidn vao d4u thd ky XIX. Dd th\rc bidn dudng Idi iy, Trang Qudc tidn hanh lien kdt vdi Nga, loi keo EU, chung sdng vdi My, khdng ehd cac nude dang phat tridn, de ra sang kidn Mgt vanh dai, mgt con duong de timg bude vuon len vi tri lanh dao khu vuc ehau A - Thai Binh Duong va ted thanh trang tam ciia thd ky XXI.
40 SO 01-2019 CHAU MY NGAY NAY
Nude Nga thi dang teen eon dudng ted lai vi thd sieu cudng da danh mat ke tir khi ehd do xa hdi chu nghia d Lien Xd sup dd vao nam 1991. Dudi thdi eua Tdng thdng Putin, nude Nga da tang cudng hien dien trong cac van de quan teong cua thd gidi. Tidng ndi va hanh ddng eua nude Nga cho nude My thay rang, khdng the loai bd nude Nga trong eude choi giira cac nude Idn.
Su ndi len cua Trung Qude va Nga da de dpa nghidm ttpng tdi vai trd lanh dao the gidi cua My. Ong Tramp la ngudi cam nhan ro ret dieu nay: "Chung ta dd thay Putin phdi Id dng ta (Tdng thdng Obama). Chung ta da thdy gdn nhu moi phe tham chiin d Syria diu khdng chit y din dng ta. Chiing ta dd nhin thdy ngudi Trung Qudc Igi dung triet di nhirng chinh sdch thuang mgi ciia chung ta""
Cdn EU va Nhat Ban thi dang trong qua teinh cai td sau sic bang eae gdi kich can kinh td, su phuc hdi kinh te ty Id thuan vdi tieng ndi va uy tin cua eae qudc gia.
Cac cudng qudc teen the gidi deu ed mdt dae diem chung la lay tang tradng kinh td lam thude do cho su phat hien eua mdi qudc gia, tir dd quyet dinh den vi the eiia moi nude tren tradng qude td.
Tuy nhien, trong tuong lai khi nen cdng nghiep My nhanh ehdng sup dd, Tdng thdng Trump du bao rang "dong dd-la se rdt gid gidng nhu ddng tiin qudc Ii ciia thi gidi" va "nin kinh ti ciia ta se Igi sup dd mgt Idn nitg"''. Khi dd. My khdng cdn la ndn kinh te din dau the gidi va tieng ndi va anh hudmg cua
nude My cung suy giam nghiem tepng teen thd gidi. Do do. My sd van dung tit ea nguon lire dd duy tei ndn kinh td d miic dp tang tradng eao, tir dd duy tri vi thd sieu cudng ciia minh. Nut that d day la ban ngach khi thai CO2 ra mdi tradng eua cac doanh nghiep My dang ciin trd sir phat trien eua ndn edng nghiep.
Xuit phat til nhimg ly do teen, quydt dinh nit nude My khdi Hiep dinh Paris vd bidn ddi khi ban cua Tdng thdng Donald Tramp la mot tit yeu khach quan va khdng the dao ngupe. Dudi gdc nhin cua mdt vi Tdng thdng - ty phii thi chac chan trong nhirng nam cdn lai cua nhiem ky, dng Tmmp se van cd nhimg quyet dinh dao chieu, nhu dng da lam vdi Hidp dinh Paris ve bien ddi khi hau •
Chii thich;
1. V.I. Le-nin; Toan tap, Nxb Tign bo, Mat-xca-va, 1 9 8 1 , t 3 2 , t r 3 0 3 .
2. V.I. Le-nin: Sdd, 137, tr 122.
3. http;//cafef.vn/ta!-chinh-quoc-te/pho-wall-van-do- tien-gmp-tong-thong-obama-lranh-cu-nani-2012- 2011072210169981.chn.
4. https://www.vietnaniplus.vn/tong-thong-obama- doi-mat-voi-thach-thuc-tai-chinh/I44083.amp.
5. Donald J. Tramp: Nuac My nhin li, ben trong Nxb. The gioi, Ha Noi, 2016, tr 156.
6. Donald J. Tramp, Da din liic phai c m g rjn dS khoi phyc sir vT dai cua niroc M% Nxb Tlig eioi
HaNQi,2016,tr.20. ' 7. Donald I. Tramp, Afmjc My nhin lu ben Irom
Nxb. Thegicti.HaNpi, 2006, t r l 0 3 . 8. Donald J. Tramp, Sdd, tr. I 6 l
9. Donald J.Tramp, D I din hie phai ciing rJn dg khoi phyc sy vT dai ciia nnoc My, Nxb The eio' H a N « i , 2 0 1 6 , t r . 2 1 . ^ '
