TAP Cll CORE Tiirafic
BAO DAM QUYEN CON NGl/Cfl CUA NGl/Ol BI BUOC TOI TAI MQT SO DIEM MC^I Of NH0NG NGUYEN TAC CCf BAN CUA
B O L U A T T O TUNG HINH Si/ NAM 2015
• HOANG TH! HUYEN TRANG
T6MT;VT:
Quaphan tich mdt sd'quy dinh lien quan de'n nhffng diem mdi dcdc nguySn tae cdban cua Bp luat To lung hinh sif nam 20L'i. bai viet da cd mpt sd'nhan xet, danb gid ve viec bao dam quyen con ngifdi ciia ngu'di hi budc tdi trong td'tung hhih sff. Day la cting mpl trong nhtTng kel qua ddng ghi nhan trong cdng cudc cai each tff phiip ciia Nha nffdc ta.
Tff khoa: Bdo dam. quyen con ngffdi. nguyen tde, td'tung hinb sff.
l . h a l vdndC'
'Id lung hinh stf Id mpl qua irinh. trong dd quven eon ngtfdi rJide hi han ehe. dnh htfdng bdi nhffng hunh vi. hoai ddng vd quyet dmh cua cd qiLin i.o iham quvC-n tien hJnh id lung. Ddc biet, ddi vdl quven con ngiTili cua ngifdi bi budc tdi, nhffng quvel dmh. nhffng bien phdp cifdng che ddi vdl ho thu'dng mang iinh nghiem khde. nen nguv cd ho hi \diii ph.im vd ehiu nhflng hau qua nghiem imng bdi nhflng ^Jl sdi. vi pham phdp lu.il CLi.i ngifdi eo ihdm quven ga\ nen la dicu cd ihd \a> r.i
Bdo ve quven eon ngiTdi noi ehung va cua ngUdi hi bude tdi ndi neng irong lo tung hinh su la thifde do mffc dd dan ehu cua nen phdp ehe \a hdi chu nghia. Do do. lai Bd ludi '16 lung hinli su (BLTTHSUidm 2015 eua mfdc u. ^i:\l•n eon ,,;;«,„
dd dude hdo ve nghiem ngai bdi he ihoni; .ue : • ph,iin ph.ip ludt ehdl ehe. hop lv. Triing: JM, L..,.
nguvcn l.'ie edb.iii CUJ td Uini; hinh -.fl Id "kim ^hi nam"", dinh hifdng. Id nen iang de \dv dflng. van hdnh irinh tiftd lung hinh sd. dam bjoeho nguoieo ihd'm quven lien hdnh id lung vj ngu'di iham ^n
Id' tung thffc hien dting nhiem vu, quy^n han, quyen va nghTa vu ciia minh.
BLTTHS ndm 2015 ra ddi da cd nhffng quy dinh mdi tie'n bp, mang linh dot phd, trong dd cd nhffng diem mdi ve nhifng nguyen tde cd ban da gdp phan hdn nffa bao dam quyen con ngffdi cua ngu'di bj bupc tdi, gdp phan nang cao cha't Iffdng hoat ddng va uy tin cua he thdng tu'phap.
2. Bao dam quy^n con ngU(fi tai nguyen tSc
"Tranh tung trong xet x^ diTffc bao dam " (Dieu 26 BLTTHS nam 2015)
Nghl quye'l so 49/NQ ngay 02-6-2005 cua Bp Chmh tn ve chie'n hfdc cai each tff phap de'n nam -020 da Ucdinh "Nang cao chat lu'dng tranh lung ' ^ 1 ' '•"•• "'"'-" '•« (Ot 1. ;oi day la khau ddt pha , „ ' •'I-' ^''^ 'I'l-Hi-j nam cai each
!^'l:l , ; ' " ' . ™ ' ^ ^ ^ ' " ' - i n cac cap da CO , J,I '"• ' " ; " ' " ^ * i i J ket qua nhat dinh, .:„,. u „ „ ' "'''"• '""-''".'^hatliMngxetxi '-<< >'->d„ .MiK ! , ? " • ' " * ' < ' " BLTTHS nam III lai h„, ,„ ,„ ?,'""8(laua6vJnchi/a
^•u., , , """^''=n quySn va lai 52 S o l - T h o n g 1/202C
UAT
De thffc hien nhffng nhiem vu da dffdc de ra irong cdc Nghl quye'l cua Bd Chinh tri ve cai each nfphap, ddi hdi phap luat can dffdc hoan thien hdn nffa. Ke'i qua la khoan 5 Dieu 103 Hie'n phdp nam 201} dd ghi nhdn "nguyen tac tranh tung irong xet xif dffdc bao dam". Tren nen tang nguyen tac hien dinh. BLTTHS ndm 2015 da bo sung nguyen tac
"Tranh tung trong \6t xd dffdc bao dam". Day la quy dinh mang tinh dot phd, la cd sd cho nhffng quy pham phdp ludt khac cung dupe thay doi de phii hi?p vdl ndi dung cua nguyen lac, hffa hen gdp phan tffng bffdc khde phue nhffng ba't cap, han che' eda hoat dpng tff phap, bao ve hpn nffa quyen con ngffdi. quyen cdng dan, cu the d day la quyen con ngffdi cua ben hi budc tdi - Id ben yeu the trong id' tung hinh sff.
Nguyen tiic "Tranh tung trong phien tda xel xff dffdc bao dam" bao ve hdn nffa quyen con ngffdi.
quyen cdng dan cua ngffdi bi budc ldi dffdc the hien d nhffng diem sau:
Thd nhd't. nguyen tac nay gdp phan xac dinh sff thai khdch quan cua vu an. Bdi Ie trong giai doan xet xff, edc ben tham gia to'tung se thffc hien viec chffng minh cdc tinh tie't cua vu an, cdc chffng cff mptedeh binh dang. "Tda dn cd trach nhiem tao dieu kien cho kie'm sdt vien, bi cdo, ngtrdi bao chtfa, nhffng ngffdi tham gia td'tung khde thffc hien day du quy^n. nghia vu cua minh va tranh timg dan chli, binh ddng trffde Tda an".
Tln'f Im. mdc du Dieu 26 BLTTHS ndm 2015 de cap ve "Tranh tung trong xet xff dffdc bao dam", tuy nhien muo'n tranh tung trong xet xff dffdc bao dam. nghTa la mud'n bao dam cho sff bmh dang giifa cdc ben trong \ei xtf thi phai bao dam sif binh d^ng gifla edc ben d nhffng giai doan td'tung hinh stf tnrdc do'. Vi vdy, mdt loat nhffng quy dinh dffdc BLTTHS nam 2015 sffa ddi, bo sung de phu hdp vdi nguyen tde, nhfl: Bo sung quyen cua ngffdi bi huOc lpi Id quyen dffa ra chffng cff {Dieu 57. 58.
59.60.61): ngffdi bao chffa cd quyen tbu thap. dffa ra chffng cff. Viec bo sung nhffng quy dinb nay dam bao chffng cff cd Ipi cho ngu'di bi budc tdi khdng hi bd sdl. gdp phan giup Tda an dffa ra dffdc nhiJng ket ludn dung dan, chinh xdc. han che viec
\av ra nhffng oan sai trong td tung hlnh sff. gay tfin hai nghiem trpng de'n quyen con ngffdi eua ngffdi bi budc idi. Ben canh dd. BLTTHS nam -015 bd sung mdl sd quy dinh mdi dd giiip cbo ngtrdi bj budc tpi dffdc binh dang va bao dam sff
^•'dng bdng hdn irong qud trinh chffng minh sff vd
tdi boac Iam giam nhe trdch nhiem hinh sff cho hp.
Dd id nhffng quyen: Trinh bay y kie'n. khdng budc phai du'a ra ldi khai chd'ng Iai chinh minh hoae bupc phai nhan minh cd tpi; trinh bay v kie'n ve chffng cff. tdi lieu, dd vat lien quan va veu cau ngffdi cd tham qu\en id' tung kiem tra. ddnh gid (Dieu 58, 59. 60. 6! BLTTHS nam 2015). Bi can dtfpc bd' sung them quyen de nghi gidm dinh. dinb gia tai sdn: quyen dffde dpc, ghi chep ban sao hodc tdi lieu da dffdc sd' hda lien quan de'n viec budc tdi. gd tdi hodc ban sao tdi lieu khac lien quan de'n viec bao chffa ke tff khi kel thuc dieu tra cho den khi ed yeu cau: hi cdo dffpc bd' sung them quyen de ngbi gidm dinh. dinh gia tai san: de ngbi trieu tap ngifdi Idm chffng, bi hai. ngffdi cd quyen Idi. nghTa vu lien quan de'n vu dn, ngffdi gidm dinh, ngtrdi dinh gid tai san tham gia phien tda; de nghi chti loa phien tda hdi hoae tff minh hdi nhffng ngffdi tham gia phien tda ne'u du'de chii tpa ddng y: xem bien ban phien tda. yeu cau ghi nhffng sffa doi. bd sung vdo bien ban phien tda.
Viec nang cao hdn nffa quyen cua ngffdi bi budc tpi ndi chung da gdp phan giup cho hp thtrc bien td't hdn viec ldm giam nhe irdch nhiem hinh sd hodc gd lpi cho minb, dam bao sff dung ddn, khdch quan. thd'ng nhd't trong qud trmh xff ly vu an hinh sff. Ben canh dd, nguyen tde tranh lung irong xet xff dffdc bao dam khdng nhffng giup cho ngffdi tie'n hanh id'tung tdng cddng nhan thffc. dd'i mdi tffduy ve mdi phien tda dffpc dienra dan chu, binh dang, tdn trong sff that khach quan vu dn, md cdn khde phue str lijy lien, tdy ngbi, Iam quyen bode VI pham phap Iuat trong boat ddng xet xff tai phien tda^ dam bao quyen con ngu'di trong hoal ddng xel xff ndi rieng ciing nhtr dam bao quy§n con ngudi cua ngffdi bi budc lpi trong qua trinb xff Iy vu dn hinh sff ndi cbung
3. Bao dam quyen con ngffdi tai nguyan tde
"Suy doan vd toi" (Di^u 13 BLTTHS nam 2015) Nguven tde suy doan vd tpi la mdt nguyen lac nhan dao. gdp phan hffu hieu vdo viec bao ve quyen con ngtfdi trong td tung hinh stf. Phdp lual cua nhieu nffdc tren the'gidi dd quy djnh nguyen tac nay la nguyen ldc td' lung hinh sff, day dffdc coi la thdnh tffu quan trpng cua khoa hpc phdp ly hien dai. 6 mfdc la. lie'p thu tff ttfdng suy dodn vd tdi. kboan I Dieu 31 Hie'n phap nam 2013 quy dinh: "Ngu'di bi budc tdi dffpc coi Id khdng cd tdi cbo de'n khi dddc chffng minh Iheo trinh tff lual dinh vd cd ban an ke't tdi ciia Tda dn dd cd hieu
Sdl -Thong 1/2020 53
TAPCIiCSIieTltfOflG
lu'c phdp lual" Dieu H BLITHS nam 2015 dd ghi nhdn nguyen ldc Suv doan vo idi" vdi nhffng ndi dung Clia quv pham chffa difng ed ndi dung d nguven lie lai Dieu ^ BLTTHS ndm 2003. dd id:
•Ngu'di hi budc ldi dUde coi la khdng co ldi cho den khi difdc ehffng mmh iheo irinh tif. thii iuc do Bp lual ndy quy dinh vd ed ban dn ket tdi cua Tda dn dd cd hieu lire phdp luat". Ben canh dd. Didu
\? BLTTHS ndm 2015 dd md rdng hdn ndi hdm so vdi Dieu 9 BLTTHS nam 2003. the hien dffdc ban chat cua nguyen tac "Suy dodn vd tdi". dd Id "khi khdng du vd khdng the tdm sdng td can eff de budc Idl. kel tpi theo trinh iff. thii iuc do Bd Iuat na\ quv dinh. cd quan, ngu'di cd tham quyen tien hdnh id tung phdi kei luan ngu'di bi bdi. ngu'di hi iam giff. bican. bi cdo khdng cd idi". Nhffng ihay ddi ndv la mdt bfldc lien Idn trong qud trinh lie'p ean nhflng gid trj nhan van ciia nen phap Iy phd qudt eu.i nhdn loai.
\'iec gill nhiin nguyen tde suy dodn \d ldi d Bl.ri HS ii.Tiii 2015 dat trdch nhiem cho cdc cd quan ed thd'm quyen lien hdnh td tung phai ca'n trpng V d cd trdch nhiem hdn trong hoat dpng chffng minh tdi pham. Trong qud tnnh giai quyet vu an hlnh Mf. ngifdi cd thd"ni quyen ludn phai coi. dd'i xff vdl ngfldi hi budc idi Id khdng cd lpi cho den khi hanh VI phani tdi cua hp dd cd ban an ket tpi cua T 0.1 dn dd ed hieu Ifle phdp ludt. Ben canh dd. khi cd nhffng vu an rdi vdo trfldng hdp chffng cff khdng dd> du. ihieu linh vflng ch:ic. ngfldi lien hdnh td lung sO de ddng hdn trong viec dfla ra ket luan ve kct qua cua vu dn theo ncuvOn ide suy doan vd tpi, han che tinh irjng iao ra nhffne chflng efl khdng.
bia ddt da tffng \dv ra trong mdi so vu dn oan sai trong thdi gian trflde ddv.
4. Ban dam qu>en con ngfldi tai nguven tde
" Bao dam quv en bao chffa cua ngfldi hi buyc tdi.
bail ve quvdn va Idi i'ch hdp phap cua hi hai dff(fnRsff"lDieu 1A BLTTHS namllUfi
Quven bdo chffa Id mdt quven dac ui/iii; dien hinh cuii qud trinh id lung hinh sfl cone hahi; uiia mdl nha nfldc tdn irong ifl do. dan ehu i,La edng ddn. N.ini pham dC-n quveii bdoi.hflaeua ngfldi bi budc ldi thi cde quven ifl do. dan chu khde dflde phdp ludl ghi nhdn cung sC- bi inel lieu. Nhfl vav.
mdl ban dn edng minh. dung ngfldi. diing idi, dOnu phap ludl chi d.il dfldt khi quven bdo ehfla dflde dam hdo Do do. khodn 4 Dieu''I Hien jihap nam 201 "^ dd ghi nhdn quven ifl hdu ^nffj ntiif hi.d MJ iuiJic ngfldi khac bdo ehfla la quven .i ;i njudi
Tren tinh than dd. BLTTHS ndm ^'''r'^'^.''^'^.l'|:"
bfldc tie'n bd trong quv djnh vc quyen b.H Ddi vdi BLTTHS ndm 2003. qii>en ^'^^ '''l^''. " " ' "
hidn sdm nhat ke Iff thdi dicm mdt ngffdi bi tam giff (Dieu 48). Con iheo BLTTHS ndm 2015, quyen bao chffa cua ngfldi bi buoc tdi xunt hjen sdm hdn so vdi BLTTHS nam :i'03. dd Id^ ke tff thdi diem mdl ngfldi bj bdt (Dieu 5S va Dieu 74).
Quy dinh nay giup phia bi buoc idi dffdc binh dang hdn nifa trong viec dffdc bao ve quvca va ldi Ich hdp phdp cua minh. Dac biei. cd nhffng trffdng hdp khi mpt ngffdi bi ba't. sd xua't hien eua ngtrdi bdo chffa giup ho d'n dinh tam ly. kip ihdi bdo ve nhffng quyen Idi chinh dang, gdp phan giup cp quan cd tbam quyen nhin nhan mpl cdch loan dien, phdt hien va khde phue sdm sai sdl cd the xay ra d nhffng btfdc dau tien cua qua trinh td^tung, tffdd xff Iy chinh xac vu an binh sff.
Viec xua't hien sdm vai trd ctia ngtfdi bdo chffa the hien ro nha't trong va'n de tbu tuc cd'p gia'y ehffng nhan cho bj can. BLTTHS nam 2003 yeu cau thu tuc ca'p gia'y chifng nhan bao chffa ra't phffc tap va khd khdn, nhffng BLTTHS nam 2015 da quy dinh bd thu tuc ca'p gia'y chffng nhan ngffdi bao chffa, thay vao dd bang thu luc thdng bdo ngffdi bao chffa dd'i vdi ngddi cd tracb nbiem trong qua trinh dieu tra va xet xff. Sau kbi lual sff trinh bay cac loai gia'y td cd lien quan vdi cdc cd quan lien hanh td' lung, tracb nhiem thdng bao ngtfdi tham gia bao chfla thudc ve cd quan tien hanh td tung.
Trflde khi didn ra phien Ida, qua trinh xff Iy vu an phdi dam bao dfldc sfl khach quan, chinb xac, lhi chat Ifldng tranh lung mdi dfldc dam bao. Va'n de iren the hien tinh kip thdi cua ngu'di tham gia bao chffa trong qua trinh td' lung de bao dam nang cao chat Iflpng tranh tung tai phien tda. Vi the, quy di^nh nay da gdp phan mang lai sfl binh dang cho ben budc tpi vd ben g6 tpi, la lien de de tbam gia van qud trinh tranh lung cdng bdng.
Viec sffii doi. bd' sung d mdt so' nguyen tac cd m m ! " ' ^ ' ' '"'-' ^'' '""^ ^'""^ ^^ "^"^ 2015 da
•mg dl > njhia die biCt quan [rpng trong vigc ' '"'^"'^';"'" Chung vacua ngfldi
•'- '•'""'^ diem mdi tren la tien nhfln. uuv . "^" ''''''"''"^^''ih tie'n bd cua
•-;;•' Pnapluatkhac trong td'tung bao V
hi i,u, ii'J quv hinh sti lu
' " " " S IS", khach quan, 54 So 1-Thong 1/2020
LUAT
TMLI^UTRICHDAN:
'Phan Trung He'ia. .\'hitng diem mdi ve cbe dinh bdo cbita rrong Bg ludt To tung hinh stf ndm 2015. ,\ \B Chinb in Qudc gia, 2016. ir.l43.
•Nguven Ngoc Kien, Thii tuc tranh tung tgi phien toa lunh sU sathdm. \'XB Tuphdp, 2017. tr 75
T U L I K U T H A M K H A O :
/. Hien phdp ndm 2013, NXB Hcmg Ddc, Hd Ngi. 2014.
2. Bg ludt Td tung hinh .Slf ndm 2015, NXB Cbinh tri Qudc gla sU that. Hd Ndi. 2018
3. Bg Cbinh trj, Nghj quye'l ,sn48 - NQ/TW ngdy 24/5/2005 ve cbien litefc xdy dung vd hodn thien he thdng phdp lugt Vigt Nam de'n nam 2010. dinh hifdng den nam 2020.
4. Phan Trung Hodi, Nhitng diem mdi ve che dinh hdo chita trong Bg ludt Td'tung hinh sif nam 2015. \'\B Chmh iri qude gia. 2016, tr.l43.
5 \'i;u\en Ngcic Kien. Thu tuc trcinb lung lai pbien tda hinb sif set ihdm. NXB Tu plidp. 2017, ir.75.
Ngdy nhdn bai: 6/12/2019
Ngdv phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chda: 16/12/2019 Ngay cha'p nh§n dang bai: 26/12/2019
Thdng lin ldc gid:
ThS. HOANG THI HUYEN TRANG Trffffng D^i hpc Lu3t - Dai hpc Hue'
ENSURING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED AT SOME NEW POINTS IN THE BASIC PRINCIPLES
OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE 2015
• LL.M, H O A N G THI HUYEN TRANG University of Low - Hue University ABSTRACT:
By analyzing some provisions related lo new points in the basic principles of the Cnminal Procedure Code 2015, this article present some comments and assessments on ensuring the human rights of the accused in criminal proceedings which is a remarkable result in the judicial reform of our Vielnam.
Keywords: Ensuring, human right, principle, criminal procedure.
So 1 -Thang 1/2020 55
