yi't- l^.fj QUANLY GlAODUC .^5-/1?
NANG CAO HIEU QUA CAC HINH THIfC BOI DUONG
N A N G LUC DAY HOC CHO GlAO VIEN IHPT THANH PHd H A NOI
TliS.Tr<n11i|HilYtfn Trudng THPT 7>dtt Phd, Hodn Kiim. Hi Npi SUMMARY
On the basis of advantages and limitations of teaching capacity building forms at some public high schools In Hanoi, the article proposes practical solutions to improve the effectiveness of teaching capacity building forms for high school teachers to meet the social demand in the new phase of our country.
Keywords: Teaching capacity building, teaching capacity, high school tepchers, management staff.
Ngdy nhpn bdi: 15/11/2014; Ngdy duygt ddng: 26/11/2014 Mft trong nhitng nfi dung dugc chd trgng trong edng tdc xfiy dyng vd phdt trien dgi ngfl gido vien hifn nay Id bit du&ng thu&ng xuygn (BDTX) eua gido vien nhdm phdt triln ndng lyc nghi n ^ i f p, nhdt Id phdm ehdt chinh trj, dgo die vd nfing lyc c^y hgc (NLDH), ddp ing nhftng yeu cdu mdi ciia nghe vd nguyen vgng tiln bf cda nhd gido. Cdng tdc ehi dgo vd to ehic eho gido vifn BDTX trong thdi gian qua ben cgnh nhing kit qud ddng fchleh le cdn bgc If nhilu dilm chua hgp tJ, Idm hgn chl ket qud bot du&ng: cd thi kl den i^u: nfi dung bli du&ng, th&t gian boi du&ng chua hgp II, dfi ngu gidng vien chua ddp ing ygu cau... trong dd, cde hldi thie to chic bli dudng tuy dfi phong; phi nhung hifu qud chua cao. Bdi vilt ndy bdn vl edc hlnh thie bdi du&ng (HTBD) NLDH ciia gido vien THPT d thdnh phi Hd Nfi, dl xudt mgt so bifn phdp nhdm ndng cao hifu qud cac HTBD gido vien trong thdi gian tdi.
L Sy can thiet vd muc df thudng xuyen dp dyng cdc HTBD NLDH hifn nay
D I tim hilu thyc tl cdc HTBD NLDH ciia gido vifn THPT d Hd Ngi theo chudn nghe nghifp (CNN), ehung tdi tien hdnh khdo sat d 11 truang THPT cdng Igp ve nhgn xet cua CBQL nhd trudng vd gido vien ve sy cdn thilt vd mie df thudng xuygn dp dyng mft so HTBD hifn nay. Ching tdl dfi diing cdc ptiifu hdi vl Cdc hinh thic BDTX thdng qua sinh hogt t l chuygn mdn (TCM); Cde hinh tiiic ty hbi du&ng (ty hgc);
Cdc Mnh thie mang tinh chdt ho trg bli du&ng qua sinh hogt TCM. Moi nfi dung hdi - ddp dugc d ^ h gid d 4 mie df gidm dan t i cao xuIng thdp: Rdt cdn, cdn, it cdn, khdng cdn (khi hdi vl mie df cdn thilt);
Thu&ng xuyen, thinh thodng, it khi, chua thyc hifn (khi hdi vl mie dg thu&ng xuyen dp dyng). Dilm cho cdc miite dg tuong ing la 4 , 1 . 2 , 1, sau do tinh diem trung binh (DTB) ddnh gid (.T ). Dd phdt ra 748 philu hdi cho CBQL vd gido vien (GV) cdc trudng THPT dd chgn mau, thu ve dugc 685 phieu, trong dd cd 614 phieu (67 philu cda CBQL vd 547 phieu eiia GV, sau ddy ggi chung CBQL vd GV Id nhd giao) cd
dd thdng tin. Trgn ca sd cdc philu khdo sdt thu dugc, chiing tdi tiln hdnh thong kg, x i 11, Igp tiidnh bdng ting hgp dilm danh gid ve moi nfi dung.
Ngodi r^ chdng tdi cdn kit hgp vdi phdng vdn vd quan sdt de ed dugc nhftng nhgn xdt rd hon ve cde HTBD NLDH cOa GV dang duge tiiyc hign.
Kit qufi khdo sdt cho thdy: Cd CBQL va GV khi dugc hdi vl mie df cdn tiiilt cua cde HTBD NLDH diu khfing djnh la rdt can thilt d tdt cd cdc hlnh tjiic (dilm ddnh gid TB ndm trong khodng 2.91<
X< 3.37); trong dd nhdm cdc HTBD qua sinh hoat chuygn mdn tgi TCM dugc khdng djnh td cdn thiet nhdt (dilm ddnh gid 3.37). Ke din Id nhdm cfic hlnh thic ty hgc (dilm ddnh gifi 3.26) vd culi cdng Id nhdm edc edc hinh thic ho trg sinh hogt TCM vd ty hgc (diem ddnh gia 2.91).
Phdn tieh ehi tilt ban vl mie dg cdn thilt cda ting HTBD chdng tdi thdy rdng:
Vdi cdc HTBD qua sinh hogt chuyen mdn tgi TCM, cde dli tugng duge hdi ddnh gid cao nhdt sy can thilt ciia hinh thic dy gid trao do! kinh nghifm gidng dgy (diem ddnh gid 3.42), kl din Id HTBD qua hogt dgng ttiao gidng (dilm ddnh gid 3.31).
Doi vdi cde hlnh thie ty hgc, cdc CBQL dugc hdi ddnh gid cao nhlt sy cdn thilt cua vifc ty chgn nfi dung/chd dl vd ty tim tu lifu: sdch, bdo vd tdi lifu mgng (dilm ddnh gid 3.60); hinh tiiie tham gia dien ddn trao dli tren mgng dugc danh gid Id it cdn hon (dilm ddnh gid^2.70)j HTBD qua hgc tgp t i xa duge ddnh gid Id It can (diem ddnh gid 2.72).
Trong nhdm cac hinh thiic h5 trg sinh hogt TCM va ty hgc thi HTBD qua hogt dgng sinh hogt chuyfn mdn theo trudng/eym trudng dugc ddnh gid Id can thilt nhdt(diemddnhgiaTB3.21). K I tiep Id hlnh tiiic bli du&n^ tgp trung nhfim hudng dln_ ty hge, thyc hdnh, hf thong hda kign thie, gidi ^ p tiifie mfic.. .eung dugc edc nha gido ddnh gid mie df edn thiet eao (dilm ddnh gid TB 3.15). Vdi ed hai hinh thiic tren, cac CBQL dugc hdi ddnh gid muc df cdn thilt cao hon so vdi sy ddnh gid cda cfie GV. Khdng ed CBQL ndo cho rdng
TAP CHi THifr BJGlAO D y e - s d 112-12/2014 • 13
QUANLY GIAO DUC
hai hinh thic n ^ it cdn hode khdng cda Ciing trong nhdm ndy, hinh thic bdi du&ng thdng qua hogt dfng NCKH su phgm ing dyng (NCKHSPUD) d u ^ danh gid Id it cdn han (digm ddnh gid 2.83). Mft dieu dang quan tam la mft nhdm nhd GV duge hdi (6,58%) cho ldng hinh thiic bli du&ng tl^m gia dien dan trao ddl chuygn mdn qua mgng, ty vilt thu hogch la khdng cdn.
Tuong ty 3,29% GV dugc hdi eho rdng hinh thuc hgc tgp t i xa, tham quan, hge tgp kinh nghifm cua trudng bgn, phan cdng kem cgp, NCKHSPUl) la khdng cdn.
Phdi chdng gido vien edn it s i dyng edng nghf thdng tin? Nfi dung trao doi trgn dien ddn chua phong phi vd thieu cgp nhgt? Phdi chdng vifc td chic cdc hogt dfng tham quan, trao dli kinb nghifm giiia cdc trudng chua hifu qud? ...Dd chinh Id mgt trong so nguyen nhdn cfin bdn dan den sy ddnh gia cda CBQL ciing nhu G V vl mite df khdng can thilt cda edc hinh thic boi du&ng ndy. Dieu dd dugc phdn tich ldm rd thgm qua kit qud phdng vdn mft so nhd giao vd CBQL dugc ngu dudi ddy.
Phd hifu trudng Tran Nggc N. neu J kien cy thi:
(i) Ty chgn nfi dung/ehu de vd ty tim tu Ufu: sdch, hogt dong, mgng Id hinh thic thich hgp dl cfie nhd gido bit du&ng phfit trien nhftng ndng lyc cd nhdn.
(ii) Hinh thic dy gid trao doi kirih nghifm gidng dgy Id hinh thic tot nhat trong vifc tgo mdi trudng md tgi dd cdc dong nghifp duge tranh lugn, chia sg vd tu vdn cho nhau vl phuang phdp giang dgy. vl nfi dung dgy hgc, vl thilt kl vd x i li cac tinh huong dgy hgc.
(iii) Kit hgp ty hgc cila GV vdi ede sinh hogt chuyen mdn tgi TCM ciia nhd trudng td hinh thic cd tdc dyng rdt ldn giiip cho GV hilu rd hon, smi han nhftng nfi dung mdi, bfit bufc theo nhifm vy tirng ndm hgc
T I trudng chuyen mdn V3 Thj Thu H. cho rdng hinh thic bli dudng qua hogt dgng thao gjdng, hogt dfng sinh hogt ehuyen mdn theo chuygn de d trudng hoge theo cym trudng ciing rat hifu qud bdi dd Id djp thie ddy cdc thdnh vien trong tl, nhdm chuygn mdn ty hgc, ty hodn thifn minh. Qua thao gidng, GV ed dilu kifn hgc hdi lan nhau, rit ra dugc nhing hgn Bdng I. Mirc dg thudng xuyen dp
chl can khfic phye eia dong nghifp vd bdn tiian, phfit huy nhftng uu dilm dl thdnh cdng trong cdc gid dgy sau. Hinh thic nay edn thyc sy cd tdc dyng vdi nhthig mdn it GV nhu Cdng nghf, GDQP-AN... vi hg se duge giao luu hgc hdi kiiih nghifm cda nhftng ddng nghifp cung chuygn mdn d trudng khde.
Mft sd giao vien (Doan Thj Mai H., Phan Quic D., Kilu Xudn B., Nguyin Anh T.) eho bilt: HTBD tiidng qua hogt dgng NCKHSPUl) dugc ddnh gid ii it cdn la do hg thly tdc dyng cda hinh thic nay khdng cao. Qua tim hilu tdc gid nhgn thdy tgi edc nhd trudng neu ed hinh thie ndy thi cung chi thyc hifn mft cdch chieu If. Ngugc vdi cde J kiln tren, hifu tmdng Nguyen Thj Nh. lgi ddnh gid rdt cao tlnh cdn thiet cua vife NCKHSPUt). Bd Nh. cho rfing khi ldm tiigt tot hinh thic ndy dgc bift Id khdu pho bien kit qud cdc NCKHSPUt) thi edc GV khdc sg tilt kifm dugc rdt nhilu thdi gian tim hilu vi hg dugc kl thira vd tri^n khai dp dyng edc sdn phlm nghign ciu trong vifc thyc hifn rihifm vy gidng dgy eua minh. Nhu vgy, r5 rdng muon GV nhgn thic dugc sy cin thilt cda hogt dfng NCKHSPUl) dli vdi nfing eao NLDH thi vifc ti chiic thyc hifn phdi n^ifm tuc dl qud trinh NCKH thyc sy phdt huy tde dyng tich cyc. Dieu dd phy thufc r^
nhieu vdo trdeh lihifm ciia cd ngu&i qudn IJ hudng hge vd GV trong vife thyc thi nhifm vy ndy.
Tong hgp t i cde cdu trd l&i nfi dung phdng vdn, chdng tdi nhgn thdy phdn tdn ede lihd gido deu k h ^ djnh sy cdn thilt vd tac dyng cua moi HTBD trong c^
dieu kifn c^ the, theo dd cdn da dgng hda edc HTBO.
Cd the khdng djnh, vifc ndng eao nhgn thic cho cd CBQL vd GV ve tara quan trgng vd tdc dyng cda cdc HTBD thdng qua ty hgc, NCKHSPUTD vd trao dgi gua diln ddn chuyfn mdn tren mgng Id mft vdn dg can dugc quan tfim ding mie. Dge bift trudc yfu cau doi mdi gido dye tiieo hudng phfit trien nfing lyc nguoi hgc, trong dd cd ndng lye phdt hifn va gidi quyet van dl, nfing lye ty hgc de phdt ti-iln bdn tiian...
thi chinh bdn thdn GV cung phdi r^n luyfn dl cd nhihig ndng lyc dd.
dyng cdc HTBD NLDH hipn nay
rr
1 Hlnhtbiiv
CBQL Thufrng
suySn SL,%
Thinh thoinf
su
•A
ituu
SU%
Chin thvc hifn SU
%
Z X
OV Tbirbng
xuySn SL,%
Thinh Ihning S U %
llkhi SU
v.
Chin Ibirc hi{n SU
%
1 XChuni
X Thti
:>inh hogt chuyeo mon lai I UM I.I.Dygi&
trao dli kinh nghidm gidng day 1.2. Thao g i ^ g
7 10.45
7 10.44
20 29.85
28 41.79
30 44.77
26 38.81
10 14.93
6 8.96
158
170 2.36
2.54 70 12.80
68 12.43
217 39.67
219 40.04
172 31.44
172 31.44
88 16.09
88 16.09
1363
1361 2.49
2.49 2.47
2.49
H • T4P CHl THifr BIGlAO DUC-sd 112-12/2014
Q U A N LY G I A O DUC
2
3
X 2.45 2.49 2.47 3
Tuh(>c 2.1.7^1 chgn ndidun^chu 22.Tvtijnlii li^: sdch, hog dOng, msng...
2.3.T\rviet thu ho^ch
J
6 8.96
7 1045
7 10.45
21 31.34
13 19.40
27 4O30
29 43.28
36 53.73
26 43.28
11 16.42
11 16.42
4 5.97
156
150 171
2.33
2.24 2.55 2.37
72 13.16
73 13.35
73 13.35
224 4095
226 41.31
224 4094
173 31.63
171 31.26
169 30.90
78 14.26
77 14.08
81 14.81
1384
1389 1383
253
2.54 2.53 2.53
2.51
2.51 2.52 2.51 2 H§ tr? sinh ho^t TCM vd t\i hoc
3.1. Sinh h09t ChuySn mdn theo tmjyng/cvnn tru&ng 3.2. Tham quan. hoc tdp kinh nghiSm 3.3. BDTX tSptfung nham hu6ng d ^ ttr hoc, thtfc hdnh, hSth6ngh6a Icien thilc, gidi ddp thdc mdc...
3.4 Phdn cdng kim cdp 3.3.HoctSp tttxa 3.6. Tham gia diSn ddn trao doi chuySn mon qua mang 3.7 Nghien cini khoa hoc su pham ling dung
7 10.45
9 13.43
11 16.42
10 1493
1 1.49
5 7.46
0 28 41.79
32 47,76
20 29.85
27 40.30
29 43.28
34 5075
47 7015
26 38.81
20 29.85
29 43.28
23 34.32
33 49.23
21 31.34
7 10.45
6 8.95
6 8.96
7 10.45
7 10.45
4 5.98
7 10.45
13 19.40
170
178
169
174 161
171
168 2.54
2.66
2.52
2.60 2.40
2.55
2.51
2.54
70 12.80
70 12.80
73 13.35
70 12.80
74 13.53
68 12.43
70 12.80
225 41.13
217 39.67
222 4058
226 41.32
224 40.95
222 40.77
217 39.67
164 29.87
172 31.44
168 30.71
164 29.98 169 30.90
168 30.71
174 31.81
88 16.09
88 16.09
84 15.36
87 15.90
80 14.62
88 16.09
86 15.72
1371
1363
1378
1373 1386
1365
1365 2.51
2.49
2.52
2.51 2.53
2.50
2.50
2.31 Diem TB chung
2.51
2.51
2.52
2.52 2.52
2.50
2.50
2.52 1 2.32 Nhin long quit, s6 li^u k h ^ sdt trong bing 1 —
cho thiy cic HTBD NLDH cho giao vien t i k ifi (BTB JT = 2,52). Cic CBQL cho rang it dir?c qtian duoc i p dting (DTB cOa mto dO thttc hi?n cic hinh tim thirc hlfn hon li sinh host chuy6n m6n t?i TCM thtrc Jr = 2,52), tuy nhien mtic dp triln khai li khic (DTB X = 2,47).
nhau. Cic nhi giio duoc hdi danh gii cic hlnh thuc Ket qui khio sit c6 s\r chSnh Ifch khdng ding thudng xuySn nh& li hS tr? sinh hojt TCM va Hr hgc \d gitta cic doi tupng tri ldi, diu nam trong khoing
TiSP CHl THtfr B| ClAO DMC - S6112 -12/2014 • IS
QUAN LY GIAO DUC
2.47< X < 2.51. Dilu n ^ ching td CBQL vfi GV cua cdc trudng co bdn cd sy tirong dong trong nhgn thic, ddnh gid.
Tiy nhign, trong ngi dung ddnh gid ve mie df thuong xuyen fip dyng cdc HTBD, cac CBQL dugc hdi deu ddnh gid hinh thic BDTX tgp trung nhdm cgp nh^t kiln thic, hudng dan thyc hdnh, gidi dap thdc mdc vd hinh thic phdn cdng kem cgp vd hgc tgp t i xa dugc thyc hifn thudng xi^en han. Tuy nhien, hg Igi khdng ddnh gid cao nhdt mie ean thiet eda cde hinh thic ndy. Tuang ty nhu till, kit qud ddnh gia ndy cdn dugc khdng djnh d dilu tra ciia nhdm hinh thic ty bli du&ng (d ngi dung 2.3). Ngugc Igi, nhdm cdc HTBD qua sinh hogt chuygn mdn thi dy gid trao dli kinh n^ifm gidng dgy it dugc thyc hifn nhung cdc J kiln ddnh gid Igi cho rfing hinh thic ndy Id rat can thilt (nfi dung 1.1).
Mft dilu rdt ddng xem xet la vdi moi HTBD da s l cde J kiln cho la cdn thilt nhung vdn cdn din trgn 19,40% J kiln phdn dnh Id chua thye hifn, kl cd hlnh thic sinh hogt chuygn mdn theo chuyfn dl, dy gid, boi du&ng tgp trung Id nhiing hinh thie mang tlnh bdt huge. Phdi chfing edng tde qudn IJ trong nhd trudng ehua sfiu sfit? vifc triln khai ehua dong bf ? D i l i ndy eung cho tiifiy eac HTBD NLDH eda GV ehua tuong ximg gifta mie dg cdn thilt vd vifc thyc hifn, chua ddp img dugc mong muon cda ngudi edn hot du&ng.
Khi hdi cy till ban vl mie dg thudng xuygn dp dyng cac HTBD NLDH hifn nay, chiing tdi ciing thu dugc nhChig efiu trd l&i khde nhau. Vl cdc hinh thic BDTX theo quy chl, nhilu nhd gido cho bilt ddy Id HTBD bdt huge nhung thyc te cd nhftng tru&ng khdng t h ^ hifn nghigm tie hoge thyc hifn qua loa.
Hg eho rfing nhing chucmg trinh cda nhihig tdp hgc tgp trung chua dfip ing tdt nhu cdu hgc tgp cua hg.
Nhftng ldp hgc dugc t l chic theo hlnh thic hgc tgp t i xa tht rdt ylu d khau nghifm thu sdn phdm vd ddnh gid kit qud boi du&ng. Vl cfic hinh thie ty bli du&ng thi ctU thye sy hifu qua khi ma cae nha qudn 1J tgo dugc dfng lye vd dieu kifn ty hgc cho GV. Cdn dli vdi cfic HTBD qua sinh hogt chuygn mdn, da sl cfic nha gidp dugc hdi cho rdng hinh thic ndy phii hgp vdi dilu kifn thyc tien ciia eo sd (dilu kifn hgc tgp, thai gian hgc tgp...). Mgt Ididc, trdch nhifm to chic bdi duOng do BGH cdc trudng ddm nhgn trgn co sd nguyfn vgng cda to chuyen mdn vd cd nhan cdc GV cda tru&ng minh ngn se khd thi vd hifu qud cao.
Dilu cdn tin tgi nhdt Id tdt cd cde HTBD dang thye hifn diu tdm chua tot khau kiem tra vd ddnh gid kit qud boi dudng. Do do HTBD NLDH cho GV trudng THPT phdi duge dilu chinh cho phu hgp han 16 • TAP CHt THifr BJGlAO Dgc-sfi 112-12/2014
vdi yeu cdu vd dieu kifn cila ngudi hgc vfi phdi dugc qudn IJ thyc hifn nghigm tuc.
2. Mft s l d l xuat
Bk dp dyng hifu qud HTBD NLDH trong giai dogn hifn nay can: (i) De cao tinh ty gidc, chd dfng cda GV trong qud trinh BD, ty BD. (ii) Cdc ngi dung bdi dudng dugc chia theo cde nhu cdu/ndng lyc cdn ddp ing eda GV so vdi CNN vd nhftng ddi hdi cda th^c tien gido dye. (iii) Ngodi edc nfi dung bfit bufc nhdm phdt triln glfio dye cda ngdnh, dja phuong, GV dugc dl xudt vd lya chgn nfi dung BDTX theo nhu cau eua bdn than, dugc hh trg ndng cao mie df ddp dmg so vdi CNN vd ptidt triln chuyen mdn tign tyc.
(iv) Ddy mgnh hogt dfng NCKHSPUD trong cdc nha tru&ng bdng edc djnh hudng nghign eiu phi hgp; bli du&ng phuang phdp nghien ciu vd xfiy dyng cdc nhdm nghien ciu ed sy tham gia eda cd GV vd hgc sinh; cd ca chl tdi chinh rd rdng; tiln hdnh nghifm thu vd ehuyin giao, dp dyng ket qud vdo thyc tl nghigm tic;
Song song vdi vifc quy djnh vl nfi dung, hlnh thic, tdi lifu, bdo cdo vifn, dieu kifn vd yfu cau dli vdi cdc dan vj tham gia BDTX GV, edng tdc ddnh gid kit qud BDTX GV ciing can dugc dli mdi vd tiiyc hifn nghigm tiic, djnh kJ. Ket qud ddnh gid BDTX GV dugc luu vdo hi sa cila GV, Id edn c i dl ddnti gid, xip Iogi GV, xdt edc danh hifu thi dua, dl thyc hifn chl df, chfnh sfich, s i dyng GV.
Tdi Ufu tham khdo
1. Bg Gido dye vfi Ddo tgo, (2009). Chudn nghi nghipp gido viin THCS. gido vien THPT. Ban hdnh kem tiieo Thdng tu so 30/2009/TT-BGDDT ngdy 22 thdng 10 ndm 2009 eda Bg trudng Bf GD&DT
2. Bf Gido dye vd Dao tgo (2011). Chuangtrinh BDTX gjao vien mdm non, pho thong vd GDTX. Ban hdnh tiieo cdc Thdng tu so 30,31,32 ngdy 08/8/2011.
3. Nguyin Thj Tuylt Hgnh, Phgm Minh Gidn (2014). "Kinh nghifm quic tl viphfit triln gido vifn vd bdi hgc cho Vift Nam trong doi mdi gido dye phi thdng sau nfim 2015". Tgp chi Khoa hgc gido dye, s l 101.
4. Bui Vfin Qufin(2008). " D I xudt djnh hudng vd gidi phdp bc»i duOng gido vifn". I^yiu Hgi thao khoa hgc veXdy dyng chuang trinh boi dudng thu&ng xiiyin gido vien mdm non, pho thong vd GDTX. Bf GD&DT, HdNfi.
5. Nguyen Thj Thu Thuy(2010). 'Thiet kl cong ey ddnh gifi edng tdc Boi du&ng thudng xuyfn gido vifn mdm non, phi thdng". Ki yeu h^l thdo khoa hgc xdy difng vd thyc hipn chuang trinh boi dirdng thuangxuyen cho gido vien. Bf Gido dye vd Ddo tgo, thdng 3/2010.
