NGHIEN ClTU KHOAHQC
Tap chi'Du^c lifu, tap 19, so 4/2014 (Trang 191 -195)
PHAN BIET BIEN SUC V6l HAI LOAI DE NHAM LAN LA ME TXJ' LIEU VA RAU DANG DAT BANG PrnTONG PHAP HINH THAI
Nguyin Quynh Nga*, Phgm Thanh Huyen, Phan Van Trudng, Hodng Vdn Todn, Nguyin Minh Khdi, Nguyin ThiHuffng
Vien DuQc lieu
*Email: [email protected] (Nh|n bai ngiy 20 thdng 6 nam 2014)
T6mtat
Bien sue - Polygonum avicuiare L. 15 lo^i cSy thuflc dupc sii dimg trong Y hpc c6 tniyen Tning Qu6c. Tuy bi6n siic khong CO ph3n b6 a Vi§t Nam nhimg nhiSu tai li^u -vh cay thufic Vi?t Nam da nh5m lln lo^ nSy v6i loii ciing chi la me tii lilu - Polygonum plebeium R.Br. v6n mpc hoang d nhieu noi. Th^IC t^ kiSm nghiem cdc san pham Dong dugc c6n cho thay dupc li$u mang ten bi6n sue (Polygonum avicuiare L.) dugc sir dyng phin ldn tir loai rau ding dit - Glinus opposinfolius (L.) DC. Ap dvng phuang phap hinh thai, da phan bi^t bi£n sue voi 2 loai nhim lln \k ml tii lieu v& rau ding dit d^ra tren cdc d^c dilm ciia Id (each xIp Id, hinh thdi g^n ben, s\r c6 m^t cua Id k^m), cu6ng hoa vd qua ( d ^ g qua, hh mjl qua) dong ih&i d& xdy d\mg dugc bg diJ li§u ve hinh thdi ciia ca 3 lodi.
Tir khiSa: Phan bi?! dugc li?u. Phuang phdp hinh thai. Bien site. Polygonum avicuiare. Polygonum plebeium. Glinus oppositifolius
Summary
Authentication of Polygonum avicuiare L. froin the two Confused/Substituted Species: Polygonum plebeium R. Br.
and Glinus oppositifolius (L.) DC. Using Morphological Method
Bianxu - Polygonum avicuiare L. is not distributed in Vietnam. However, in some writings on Vietnamese medicinal plant, this species was confused with Polygonum plebeium R. Br. (which occurred in Vietnam) because of iheir similar morphological characteristics, Bianxu also has been substiluted by Glinus opposinfolius (L.) DC. in many traditional medicine products which belong to other family. In this study. Bianxu was distmguished from the two confiised/substiluled species by morphological characteristics of leaf (leaf arrangement, lateral vein, ocrea) pedicel and fruit (fruit type and outer surface). Image data of these species was reported.
Keywords: Authenlicalion, Bianxu, Polygonum avicuiare. Polygonum plebeium. Glinus oppositifolius. Morphological method.
1. Dat van de sue vdi cac ten gpi khac nhau nhu biln sue, rau Theo dugc dien Trung Quoc, dugc lieu biln ding, cay cang tom, cay xuong ca... [4], [5]. Nam sue (Bian xu) la phan than fren m?t dit ciia loai 2005, Nguyin Thj Do khing dinh loai bien sue Polygonum avicuiare L. thuoc hg Rau ram (Polygonum ov/cu/ore L.) khong co phan bo a (Polygonaceae) [8]. Biln sue co vj ding, tinh mat Viet Nam va cho ring nhilu tai li§u c6 sy nham CO tac dyng lgi tilu, tieu sung, trir giun va giam ISn giOa loai nay voi loai cung chi la me ttr lieu ngiia; dugc su dyng rgng rai trong Y hgc c6 {Polygonumplebeium ^.Br.)p\.
tniyen chii trj tilu buot, tilu dye, dau byng do Qua cac dgt dieu tra vl nguon tai nguyan giun, eczema, khi hu [8]. dugc !i?u tren ca nuorc tir nam 1961 cho tai nay, Nfim 1790 J. Loureiro ghi nh^n loai biln siic Vien Dugc li?u cung chua hmg ghi nh?n phan bo {Polygonum avicuiare L.) c6 phan bo a Vi?t Nam cua biln sue {Polygonum avicuiare L.) trong t^
[1]. Sau nky, Ph^m Hoang Hg (1999) va mgt so nhien, thay vao do da thu th|p dugc tieu b ^ cua tii li§u v l cay thuoc khdc cung d l c?p tdi biln loai cay thuoc co hinh thai rat giong vdi bien sue.
Tqp chiDu&c lieu, tap 19, $6412014 191
do la loai me tO' lieu {Polygonum ptebeium R.Br.) ke tren vdi ten dja phuang la My khuyet.
Hien nay c6 nhieu san pham thuoc va thuc pham chuc nang cd thanh phan bien siic trong cong thuc vdi tac dung tang cudng chirc nang gan, tieu dge... Tuy nhien, thyc te kiem nghiem dugc lieu cho thay dugc lieu mang ten bien sue {Polygonum avicuiare L.) dugc sir dung ph4n ldn tu loai rau ding dit {Glinus oppositifolius (L.) DC.) thuge hg Co byng cu (Molluginaceae).
Bien sue va 2 loai d€ nham lan ke d8u c6 bg phan diing la toan bg phan than tren m$t dat, thdi gian thu hai tap trung vao khoang thang 4 den thang 7 ciing la giai do^n ra hoa kit qua ciia ca 3 loai. Do vay, myc tieu cua nghien cuu nay la ap dung phuang phap hinh thai de phan bi?t Bien siic vdi 2 loai nhim lln la ml tu lilu va rau ding dit.
2. Boi tuong va phuxmg phap nghien ciru
Doi tuang nghien cmt: La cac loai bien sue {Polygonum avicuiare L.), me tii lieu {Polygonum plebeium R. Br.) va rau dang dat {Glinus oppositifolius (L.) DC).
Vdt lieu nghien ciru: 1) Mau dugc !i$u bien Stic CO xuit xu tir Trung Qu6c do Khoa Hoa - Phan tich Tieu chuan cung cap so hieu DL- 121113. 2) Tieu ban me tu lieu (My khuyet) s6 hi?u TB-1195 va mau dugc lieu (kho) DL- 150706 do Khoa Tai nguyen dugc lieu, Vien Dugc lieu thu thap tai Nghe An va Lang San. 3) Cac miu dugc lieu Rau ddng ddt thu hai tu nhien tai mgt s6 tinh ciia Vi^t Nam dugc gpi la "Bien siic" do cac cong ty cung cap co so hi?u: DL- 121213, DL-051213, DL-031213.
Phuang phdp nghien cihi: Phuang phap hinh thai so sanh dugc ap dung d l nghien curu phan lo^i cac loai. Tr6n co sd cac mau nghien cuu, co sir so sanh va doi chilu vdi khda phan loai vaban mo ta trong cac tai lieu [3], [6], [7].
3. Ket qua nghien ciru
3.1. Xdc dinh ten khoa hoc cua bien sue. mi tir lieu va rau ddng ddt
Bien sue
Can cu vao mau nghien cdu, co su so sanh va doi chieu vdi khoa phan loai va ban mo ta trong Thuc vat chi Trung Quoc [6] da xae djnh mau dugc lieu bien siic so hi^u DL-121113 co ten la:
Ten Viet Nam: Bien siic
Ten khoa hgc: Polygonum avicuiare L. thuge hg Rau ram (Polygonaceae).
D|ic diem hinh thai: Cay thao, song m$t nam, than bo hoac vuon thang, cao 10-40cm phan canh nhieu. La don, mgc each, cuong la ngan ho|ic gan nhu khong co, phien la hinh mui mac ho|ic bau due hep, kich thudc 10-40 x 3-12 mm, ch6p la nhpn hoac gin tu, mep nguyen, hai mat nhin, gan chinh va gan ben dl nh^n, gdc la hinh nem; b?
chia CO mau nau ho|c phan dudi mau nau, phan tren mau tring; chat mang, co gan, mep xe. Hoa mgc cym d nach la, 1-5 hoa, la bac mong, chit mang. Cuong hoa manh, co d6t d dinh cuong.
Hoa deu, ludng tinh, nho, mau xanh, mep mau tring hoac hai h6ng, g6m 5 thiiy hinh biu due, dai 2-2,5 mm. Nhi 8 dinh d g6c bao hoa. Bau tren, 3 canh, voi nhyy che 3, rdi, ngan. Qua be dugc bao trong bao hoa ton t^i, mau nau den, co 3 canh, be mfit CO van d^tng not san day dac.
192 Tgp chi Duac Ueu, tdp 19, sd 412014
H
Anh 1. Mau bien siic a. Cd cay khong mang la; b. La; c. Be
Me ttr lieu
Can cir vao mau nghien cuu, so sanh va d6i chieu vdi khoa phan loai va ban mo ta trong cac tai lieu [2] [6], [7] da xae djnh dugc ten khoa hpc ciia Me tu lieu
Ten Viet Nam: Me tu lieu, my khuyit, ml tu thao Ten khoa hgc: Polygonum plebeium R. Br.
thupc hg Rau ram (Polygonaceae).
Dac diem hinh thai: Cay thao, song mpt nam, than bo hoac vuan thang, cao 10-40 cm, phan canh nhieu. La don, mgc each, gan nhu khong co cuong, phien la hinh thuon hep hoac mui giao ngugc, kich thudc 5-15 x 2-4 mm, chop nhgn ngan hoac tu, mep la nguyen, mong, 2 mat nhan,
Polygonum avicuiare L.
chia; d. Qua trong bao hoa ton t?i; e. Qua
gan ben khong c6, goc hinh nem; be chia dai 2- 3mm, chat mang mong, mau trang, trong suot, co gan, mep xe. Hoa mpc cum d nach la, 3-6 hoa, la bac mong, chat mang. Cuong hoa manh, co dot a giDa. Hoa deu, ludng tinh, nho, mau trang hoac hong, gom 5 thiiy, goc dinh nhau it, hinh thuon, dai l-2mm, khong dong trudng vdi qua. Nhj 5-8, thudng ngan hon bao hoa, goc chi nhj hai phinh to," bao phan dinh goc, 2 6, md theo khe dpc. Bau tren, 3 canh, 3 la noan, 1 6, co 1 noan, thang.
dinh lung; voi nhuy 3, mpt so rat it 2, rai, ngan.
Qua be dugc bao trong bao hoa tin tai hinh trung rgng; 3 canh, mau nau den, nhin bong. Miia hoa thang 4-5, miia qua thang 7-8.
Anh 2. Mau Mc tu lieu l'(>ly};i/riiimplebcmm R [Jr 8. Ca cay; b. Ld; c. Di; chia; d. D6i cuflng hoa: e. Qua irong bao hoa l6n Iji; f. Qua
Tgp chiDuffc lieu, tap 19, so 412014 193
Rau dang dat
Can cu vao mau nghien cuu, co su so sanh va doi chieu vdi khoa phan loai va ban mo ta trong cac tai lieu [3] [6] da xae djnh dugc ten khoa hgc ciia cac mau Rau dang dat.
Ten Viet Nam: Rau dang dat, co dang, rau dang la vong.
Ten Khoa hgc: Glinus oppositifolius (L.) DC.
lluioc ho Co bung cu (Molluginaceae).
Dac diem hinh thai: Cay thao. mpt nam, cao tir 10-40 cm, than phan nhanh nhieu, manh mgc toa sat dat hoac vuon thang. La mgc doi hoac
vong 3-6 la. philn la hinh thia-mac ngugc hoac biu due, kich thudc 10-25 x 3-6mm, g6c h?p dan, chop nhgn hoac tii. Cuong hoa dai 5-14 (-18)mm, manh. Hoa thudng mgc thanh xim 2-7 hoa d nach la, co cuong dai. Canh hoa mau luc nhat, vang nhat hoac tring sua, thuon 3-4mm, mep dang mang, 3-4 gan. Nhj 3-5; voi nhyy 3(hoac 4), bau thuon, thit lai d hai dau, 3 6. Qua nang, md dge thanh 3-4 manh; hat mau nau hinh than CO nhieu not san tao thanh cac dudng van, mong hat dang chiiy. Ra hoa, qua gan nhu quanh nam.
Anh 3. Mau rau ddng dai a. Ca ca>, b.c. Qua. d La. e. Qua cat ngang; f Hal
3.2. Phan biet bien siic voi me tir lieu va rau 3 loai, co the de dang phan biet bien sue vai rau diing dat dang dat va me tu lieu dya tren mgt so dac diem
Can cii vao ban mo ta dac diem hinh thai ciia co ban sau:
D^c diSm phan bici bicn siic voi rau ddng dat va mc tii' liiu
Bien sue Metiilieu Raud^ngdlt Polygonum avicuiare L Polygonum phbeium R. Dr. Glinus opposinfolius (L.) DC l..i don muc each. Gan ben noi rf) La d<m m^c cach. Gdn ben kh6 La mpc doi hofic vong 3-6 la. , , Lii CO be chia ' nhan. , l-d khong co hi; chia ,
Lii CO be chia D:lc diem
194
Tap chi Duac lieu, tap 19, so 412014Cuong hoa cu6ng hoa co d6i 6 dmh cuing (gdn ; Cu6ng hoa co d6t o giOa cu6ng i do hoa)
-*?"*_ . J j 3 } ' l ! ? M ^ rnJlciS van dgng n o l ^ . J ^ Qud be. be mdt nhan bong. Qua nang rno ihco chieu dpc
a. c. Bicn si 4. Ket luan
Dya tren dge diem hinh thai da xay dyng dugc bg diJ li?u hinh anh va xae djnh nhirng dac diem ca ban phan bi?t bien siic - Polygonum avicuiare L. vdi 2 loai de nham lan la me tu lieu Polygonum plebeium R. Br. va rau dang dat - Glinus oppositifolius (L.) DC cu the nhu sau:
Bien siic phan bi?t vdi rau dang dat d each mgc la, b? chia va d^ng qua: Bien sue - La dan
Anh 4. Phan bi^t bicn siic vu mc lu li^u
a.Mdt duoi la - b. Be mjl qua. b. d. Me tir lilu - b. Mai dmji id • d. Be mjl qua mpc each, co be chia; qua be. Rau ding d i t - La mpc doi hoac vong 3-6 ia, khong co b? chia; qua nang md theo chieu dpc.
Bilii sue phan biet vdi ml ti> lieu d cac dac diem gan ben ctia la, cuong hoa va be mgt qua: Bien siic - La CO gan ben noi ro; cuong hoa co dot d dinh cuong: qua be, be mat co van dang not san day dge.
Me tir lieu - La co gan ben kho nhgn; cuong hoa co dot a giira; qua bl, bl mat nhin bong.
Tai lifu tham khdo
I Loureiro J (1790). Flora Cochmclunensis. Typis, el cxpcnsis Acadcmicis, Ulyssipone, Tomus I: 241. 2. Courchct (1910).
"Polygonum L." in M H, Lecomte Flore generate de I'Indo-Clune. Masson. Paris. TomcCinquiilmc: 21-40 3. Pham Hodng MO (1999). Cay co liel Nam (An lllustraied Flora oflieliiamj. N\b. Tre. Tp. Ho Chi Minh. Quyen I. Irang 719. 746. 4 Vfl van Chi (1997). Tif dien cdy Ihudc I'ifl Xam. Nxb. Y h^K. chi nhanh Tp H6 Chi Minh. trang 944-945. 5. t)o Tdt Lpi (2004), MiUngcdy ihiidc va vi iluiac I'ifi .\'am. Nxb Y hpc. Ha Npi. Irang 271-272 6 Li A. Bao B. Alisa EG. -B. Hong S-P, John M, Sergei LM. Hidcaki 0 and Park CW (2003) Flora of China Science Press/ Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Beijing and St.
Louis. Volume 5: 278-284.437-438. 7, Nguyen Thj Do (2007) "Polygonumplebeium R. Br.'". Irong Thvc vgi chi l'i('i \am N.\b. Khoahpc vd Kf thudl. Ha Npi. tdp 11, Irang 145-147. 8, The Slate Pharmacopoeia Commission of P.R.China (2010).
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