NGHIEN CUTU KHOA HOC
^| NGHIEN CLTU VA CHE TAG CUM MO HAN HO QUANG TAY AO
STUDY AND FABRICATE VIRTUAL SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING TORCH
Tran Anh VienS Nguyen Ti^n Dtfcfng^
'TrUdng Trung cap nghe Giao thong Cong chinh Ha Npi
^Vien Co khi, TrUcfng Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Npi
TOM TAT
ThUc hdnh trin he thd'ng thiit bi hdn do cho phep gidm chi phi ddo tao thUc hdnh hdn vd khdng ddc hai Ngodi ra, hi thd'ng thiit bi hdn do con cho phep phdn tich kit qud thUc hdnh, chi ra nhdng sai sot vi ky nang cda ngUdi hgc.
Hi thong thiet bi hdn hS quang do gom bg lUu gid vd xd ly tin hieu (CPU), he thong thu tin hieu, mdn hinh, bdn hdn vd dung cu hdn. Ddi vdi he thong thiit bi hdn ho quang tay do, dung cu hdn md cu thi Id cum mo hdn ho quang tay do dong vai tro rdt quan trgng. Mo hdn ho quang tay do cho phep ngUdi hgc thUc hiin cdc thao tdc nhukhi hdn ho quang tay that
Tii khoa: Mo hdn do, hdn ho quang tay do, thUc hdnh hdn do.
Practice on virtual welding equipment system permits to reduce welding practice training costs and non-toxic. In addition, virtual welding equipment system also allows analysis of practice results, indicating of the errors on skills of learners.
Virtual welding equipment system consists of storage and central processing unit, mgncd receiver system, screen, welding table and welding tools. For virtual shielded metal arc welding equipment system, welding tools in particular virtual electrode holding plays a very important role. Electrode holding in virtual shielded metal arc welding allows learners to perform the operations such as real shielded metal arc welding.
Keywords: Virtual electrode holding, virtual shielded metal arc welding virtual welding practice.
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NGHIEN cufu KHOA HOC
1.
M 6 DAU a) Vai tro cua mo hdn vd que hdnNgay nay, cung vcfi sU phat trien manh me eua nganh Cong nghe thong tin, eae nvtdc da dau tu phat trien cac iing dung m o phong n h i m phuc vu nhu cau ngay cang tang eua dao tao va giao due. Cong nghe thUe te ao eo rat nhiin dng dung hUu ieh trong cupe song nhU:
Phau thuat y hpc; Dao tao lai may bay; Huan luyen chien dau; Van hanh may moe eong nghiep,...
Mo ban ho quang tay hay con gpi la kim ban dung de kep chat que ban va eung cap dong dien han eho que ban dong tbdi ciing la bp phan de cam va di^u khien cac ehuyen dpng khi ban. Vi vay, mo han phai each dien va each nhiet. Ngoai ra, do que ban chi eo mpt ehieu dai nhat dinh til (250^450) m m nen thudng xuyen phai thay que ban vi vay mo ban (kim ban) phai CO cau tao de de dang thao va lap dUpc que h^n.
Do nhu cau dao tao nguon nhan lUe ban, dac biet la thp ban ngay cang Icfn va de gop phan giam chi phi dao tao, tiet Idem nang lupng, giam thieu 6 nhiem, dpe hai nen mpt so nUofc eong nghiep phat trien nhU Anh, My, Di(c, Phap, Nhat, Canada,...da dau tU nghien eiiu va ch^ tao thanh cong eac thiet bi ban ho quang ao [1]. 6 Viet Nam, hien nay ehUa co ccf scf nao ehe tao dupe he thong thiet hi ban bo quang ao ma chiing ta m6i nhap khau ve de trang hi eho mot so trUdng dao tao nghe. Tuy nhien, khi nhap khau thiet bi thi chi phi chuyen giao cong nghe, hUdng dan khai thae, sii dung rat cao va gap kho khan trong viec siia chiia, bao dudng. Vi vay, nghien ciiu che tao he thong thiet hi han ho quang tay ao trong nUde di phue vu eho dao tao thUe hanh la mpt yeu cau c&p bach.
Trong bai bao nay, tae gia di vao nghien ciiu va che tao cum m o han ho quang tay ao.
Day la bp phan rat quan trpng trong he thong thiet hi han ho quang tay ao. Vdi cum mo ban ho quang tay ao eho phep ngUdi hpe thUe hanh h i n ren luyen cac thao tac nhU khi ban ho quang tay that.
2. PHAN TfCH VAI TRO CUA MO H A N ,
QUE HAN VA CAC CHUYEN DONG KHI HAN
Trong ban ho quang tay, que ban cd vai trd nhu mot dien eUc de tao ra ho quang va duy tri ho quang lam ndng chay vat ban. Que ban nong ehay ngoai tac dung de tao ra ho quang va duy tri ho quang chay on dinh cdn cd tac dung de bu dap kim loai cho moi ban.
b) Cdc chuyen dgng khi hdn
Trong qua trinh ban ho quang tay vdi que ban ndng ehay ngUdi thp ban ciing mpt lue thUe hien ba ehuyen ddng ca ban (hinh I) [2-3].
Hinh 1: Cdc chuyin ddng khi hdn
Hinh 2: Chuyen dgng dang die dae - Chuyen dpng theo hUdng dpc true que ban (V^): De dieu chinh ehieu dai ho quang va duy tri cho ho quang chay on dinh.
- Chuyen dpng dpc theo true moi ban (V ): De han bet ehieu dai moi ban.
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NGHIEN CiHU KHOA HOC
- Dao dpng ngang (V^): De dam bao ehieu rpng moi ban.
Chuyen dpng cua que ban cd the thUe hien theo nhieu each la sU phoi hpp cua ba ehuyen dpng ca ban tren [3]. Thong thudng chuyen dpng cua que ban dupe thUe hien theo dudng die dac trong do dang dieh dae ddn gian nhat dupc lUa ehpn cho ngUdi mdi hpc ban dupc t h l hien tren hinh 2.
3. CO sd THIET KE MO H A N H O QUANG TAYAO
Md ban hd quang tay ao phai cd cau tao sao eho dam bao chdc nang de ngUdi thUc banh ban thUe hien dupe mpi thao tac nhU khi ban hd quang tay that. Cd nghia la md ban ho quang tay ao phai dam bao sao cho khi ngUdi thUe hanh ban tren thiet hi han hd quang tay ao phai thUe hien day du 3 chuyen dpng (V^, V^, Vj) nhu tren.
De thUc hien cac chuyen dpng V^ va VJ thi khi cam mo ban that va md ban ao thi ngUdi thUe hanh ban chi can dieh ehuyen theo cac ehuyen dpng do la dupc. Doi vdi chuyen dpng VJ thi vdi ban ho quang tay that khi dd hd quang chay lam dau que han ndng chay vi vay que ban ludn cd xu hudng ngan lai. Ndi each khac la khoang each gifla dau que ban va vat ban tang len, do dd ddi hdi ngUdi thp ban phai cd ehuyen dpng V^ dUa que ban xudng dpc theo true que ban de duy tri hd quang. NhU vay vdi md ban hd quang tay ao phai dam bao sao eho que ban luon ed xu hudng ngan lai de ngUdi thUc hanh ban cd the thiic hien ehuyen ddng V,. Vl trong ban hd quang tay ao, que han khdng chay nen de nd ngan lai ta se thiet ke de cho que ban chay ngUpc lai vdi hudng ehuyen ddng V,. Khi dd khoang each tfl dau que ban ao den vat han tang len, nhU vay de duy tri khoang each tfl dau que ban den vat han bupc ngUdi thUc hanh ban phai thifc hien chuyen ddng V . Ta chi can thiet ke sao eho que han ao chuyen
ddng ngUpc lai vdi hudng chuyen dpng cua V^
va vdi van tdc bang van tdc chay (ndng ehay) cua que ban thi khi dd ngUdi thUe hanh ban se thUc hien ehuyen ddng dUa tay xuong theo hudng dpc true que han vdi van toe diing bang V^ de duy tri dUpc khoang each tfl dau que ban den vat han la dn dinh.
4. NGHIEN CCU CHE TAG MO HAN HO QUANG TAYAO
De que ban cd the chuyen dpng ngUpc lai vdi hudng eua chuyen ddng V^ thi ta phai thi^t ke ca eau keo que ban ehuyen ddng ngUpc lai khi ban. De lam dUpc viee nay ta se sfl dung mpt ca cau kep que ban dfldi dang eac banh xe. Cu thi se la 3 banh ma sat cd xe ranh d gifla de kep que ban (hinh 3) [4]. Trong dd, cd mpt banh ddn dupe noi vdi dpng cd va bd tri d vi mpt phia eua que ban. Cdn phia ddi dien se la 2 banh bi dpng vfla cd chdc nang kep chat que ban, vfla ed ehdc nang dinh hfldng cho que ban ehuyen dpng thang.
Khi dpng CO quay lam cho banh ma sat ehu dpng quay Nhd ma sat gifla banh xe va que ban ma que han se chuyen ddng thang. Khi do 2 banh ma sat bi dpng se la cac banh xe quay theo nhd ma sat gifla cae banh ma sat va que ban ma khi que ban ehuyen dpng thang thi 2 banh ma sat bi ddng se quay theo.
1) Tay cdm; 2) Tay bdm dekep que hdn; 3) Que hdn do; 4) Cti cdu dich chuyen que hdn; 5) Ddng cd di
tao chuyen dgng cho que hdn Hinh 3: Md hdn ho quang tay do
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NGHIEN ClJfU KHOA HOC
l U i b raw Ml chu d^of
Hinh 4: Cum truyen ddng
DUdi day, se trinh bay chi tiet cac chi chuyen ddng.
tiet CP b i n cua md ban hd quang tay ao.
- Cum truySn ddng (hinh 4) gdm dpng cP, true truyen dpng va banh ma sat ehu dpng.
Mdt dau true truyen dupe gan chat vdi true quay cua dpng co. Dau kia eua true truyen dupe gan chat vdi true quay eua banh ma sat chu ddng.
Vdi mue tieu can thay doi tdc thdi toe dp ehuyen dpng eua que ban nen yeu cau dpng ca CO thi thay doi dUpe toe do ta lUa ehpn dpng ca dupe la loai ddng ca budc hai pha cd the thay ddi tdc dp.
- Tay cam la ehi tiet de ngUdi thUc hanh ban cam de thUe hien eae thao tae khi ban.
Ngoai ra, day cung la bd phan de lap ca cau kep que h^n, cum truydn ddng va cac ehi tilt khac de tao ra chuyen ddng cho que ban. Tay cam cua md ban ho quang ao dUpc thiet ke va che tao giong nhU tay cam cua md han (kim ban) that ca ve hinh dang, kich thude va vat lieu de ngfldi thUe hanh ban cd cam giac nhfl dang ban that.
- Cac banh ma sat cd chdc nang truyen chuyen ddng cbo que ban, bien chuyin ddng quay eua banh ma sat thanh chuyen dpng tinh tien cua que han. Banh ma sat gdm co banh chu dpng va banh bi dpng. Banh chu ddng dflpc gan tr^n true cua dong ccf. De gid cho que ban ludn
thang theo mdt phuong trong qua trinh chuyen dpng ta dung 3 banh ma sat trong dd cd 1 banh chu ddng va 2 banh hi ddng. Trong do 2 banh hi ddng bo tri song song vdi true que ban va d ve eflng mdt phia so vdi que ban cdn banh chu dpng se nam d phia ddi dien (hinh 3). Cac banh xe ehu ddng va bi ddng dflpc thiet k l co xe ranh binh thang d gifla (hinh 5 va 6) de tang ma sat va gid que ban khong bi xe dich trong qua trinh
Hinh 5: Bdnh xe chu ddng
210.ZI J
Hinh 6: Bdnh xe bi ddng - Co cau kep que han ed chdc nang de kep que ban, dam bao viec thao lap que han don gian, nhanh va cho phep kep dUpc cac que vdi dfldng kinh khac nhau. Co eau kep que ban dupc lam tfl thep eae bon.
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NGHIEN cufu KHOA HOC
- Que ban ao phai dam bao nhe de giam cdng suat cua ddng cO va phai co he sd ma sat du ldn de khdng hi trUpt. O day que ban ao dUOc cbe tao bang ong nhdm. Chieu dai va dfldng kinh que ban dupe lay theo que ban that d l khi ban bet chieu dai que ban ngUdi thfle hanh han quen vdi thao tac dflng de thay que ban.
- Ngoai cac chi tilt chinh dUpc trinh bay d tren, de cbe tao hoan thien dUpc md ban ao, nhieu chi tiet phu khac da dUpc thiet ke va ehe tao vdi vai trd d l dd va lap ghep dUpc cac ehi tilt chinh trin. Cac chi tiet phu khac gom cd: Cac chi tilt d l lap va gifl true, eac chi tiet de lap va gifl cac banh ma sat, 6 bi,...
5. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Md han dflpc kit ndi vdi maeh dieu khien va CPU cua may tinh (hinh 7) ed eai dat phan mem dUpc lap trinh de thu nhan cac dd lieu thao tac cua ngfldi thUe hanh ban thdng qua man hinh va cum camera [5] va xd ly thdng tin danh gia ky nang eua ngUdi hpc thdng qua bd thdng so dieu khien qua trinh han ho quang tay [2]. Khi khdi dpng phan ehUOng trinh tren man hinh se hiln thi cae cfla so cho phep ngfldi hpc thUc hanh lUa ehpn loai qua trinh han, loai liln ket ban, tU t h l ban, cae thdng sd che dp ban,... Vdi md ban hd quang tay ao da dUpc thiet ke va c h i tao nay cho phep ngUdi hoc thfle hanh ban de dang thUc hien day du 3 ehuyin dpng nhu khi ban hd quang tay that.
Khi lUa chpn bat dau han va dUa mo ban vao tilp xue vdi vat ban hien tbi tren man hinh de moi bd quang thi dong ca quay lam quay true truyen va do dd lam eho banh ma sat chu dpng quay. Banh ma sat quay lam eho que han chuyen ddng thing theo hudng ngflpc vdi hfldng chuyen ddng Vj do do que ban ed xu hudng ngan dan di. De duy tri khoang each nay tbi ngUdi thUe hanh han phai cd thao tac dUa tay xudng theo hUdng dpc true que ban, dd cbinh la chuyen ddng V^... Dong thdi, ngfldi thfle hanh ban cam rad ban va dich ehuyen dpc
theo dfldng ban (chuyen ddng V^) va thUc hien dao dpng ngang (ehuyen ddng V^). Pham vi cho phep cua eac gia tri nay de ngUdi thUc hanh ban lUa ehpn va la thdng s6 d l danh gia ky nang cua ngUdi hpc da dflpc trinh bay trong [2].
Hinh 7: Kit ndi md hdn hd quang tay do Vdi hinh dang va cau tao eua md ban ho quang tay ao dupe c b l tao gan nhfl md ban ho quang tay that nen ngfldi hpe thUc banh khi chuyen tfl hpc t r i n thilt bi ao sang han trin md han hd quang tay that khdng cd cam giac khae nhau nhieu. •
Ngay nhan bai: 25/8/2014 Ngay phan bien: 10/9/2014 Tai lilu tham khao:
[1]. May hdn do VRTEX360 cda hang Lincoln Electric, USA: http://www lincolnelectric.com/en-us/equipment/
training-equipment/vrtex/Pages/vrtex-360.aspx [2]. Nguyin Tien Dilong (2014), Nghin cdu xdc dinh pham vi cho phep dot vdi ho thong s6 dieu khien qud trinh han hS quang tay do. Tap chi Co khi Viet Nam, So 8 nam 2014, trang 64-69
[3]. Ngo Le Thong (2004), Congnghe hdn diin n6ngchdy;
Tap 1: Co sd ly thuyft, NXB. Khoa hoc va Ky thuat.
[4]. Tran Quoc Hoang, Dinh Quang Hieu, Design compo- nents for virtual ars welding machine, B6 dn t6t nghiep, Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Npi, 2014.
[5]. Nguyen Ti^n Difcfng, De tai cap bp "Nghiin cdu thiet ke vd che tao he thong thiit bi hdn ho quang do", ma so B2013.01.38, Chuydn d l 3,1: Xay diing sd do thuat toan d^ viet chiiong trinh may tinh, cho phep thu nhSn va xfi ly thong tin, nghiin ciiu thiet ki ra cac cuta so (menu) h i l n thi tren man hinh cho ngiicfi hoc lUa chon, 2013-
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