NGO', TVC

(1)

I

NG6NNG(f

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S610 ²⁰¹⁵

-

..

AN DV BAN 'I'H�: TRONG NGO', TVC NGO'

LIEN QUAN DtN S6NG NlfOc QUA Y NI�M

lIANH TRiNH DOl NGlIOI

LA lIANH TRiNH CciA DONG S{JNG

NjlOWtI

^PHUONG'

AbsInd: In MetqJhoos ^We ^Live ^By. ^I ^skoff^and JOOnson have sho"" !hal metaphor

" JI(Jt anymore !be WOrding ^words, ^that metaphor is modes ofthinking. ^And metaphor

octs âs an a�Dess of abstract concepts ôr âreas ^not directly recognized ^the ^sense tbrougb ^the ^1ei"IS o(the """,iiie concepts and ^familiar ^B1cas. RIver, ône of the familiar field of the Vieb^...'_... âre often "sed ^to descn'be ând explain ^the ôther fundamental

ii' ^,� So, ^we collect and examine idioms and pioverbs ^...Î,'ed ^to ^the ^{river from} ^Vietnam pelspo,.tive ôf ^conceptual metaphor theory ôver categories "Jouney ôf ^life ^{is tbe} jounltY orlbe rive".

Keywords: Cognitive linguistics, Concep/iIaJ 1tU!laphor, ^river, juomey.

1. Diu Dhip

N�on

^ngil ^{hQl: Iri} ^DhG" ^I. ^mot

hu6ng

^"gbien ^Cllu ^lieD ^!Iga\nh, ^pMt

triSn

vao cu3i nbQng ^nAm ¹⁹⁵⁰ ^ciIa tha Id xx. N6 I. _SI'

ket

_hqp ^CUs ngOD ngil hQl:

vOi Id>oa hQl: ^tri n.h�D. NgoD ngil h()I: ^tri nhGn ^lien q"an

den

⁸¹¹ ^kha\o ^�t ^clle

•

qua ^trinh to", ^tri trong Vi� th\i ^{d8c va sir} d\iDg ^{tri th.rc} ^va DgOD ^"gil.

Ngon ngil h()I: ^Iri ^nbin khong ngbien ^ciru vA ^Iri _nhin _mot _c8ch ^loan _di�n

I!IA

chl'giOi

^him ^a ^nbQng ^{trj nhin} ^{cQ lien} ^q\ian ^�D ^{vi� hQl:}

�p

^va ^v'" ^d\iDg

ngon "gil ^cus ^COD ngum. ^{Hi�n thllC} k,h"ch _q\ian pbAn ^Anb ^troDg ^.ao nlWoo

hloh than" ^neD the giOi ^tri ^nhin ^va ^cAu ^!nic ^tri ^obin.

'

Ngbien ^ciru ⁱⁿ ^d\i ^tri ^n�pf in _{d\i Y} _ni� _d1JQ'C coi ^{nhu IA} mQ\ ^eAch de hiSu the gi6i ^trong ^m6i ^lien ^� ^{")a n6} ^vo; ^y ^chi ^va ho� dQng ^sang ^IfO ^cus ^con nguOi

N6 hu6ng ^tOi Dgbien ^{ciru c8c} qua ^trinh

tinh'tbJn

^{nhO va\o} ngOD ^pgill\i ^nhien

cus ^con ngum. An ^d\i ^tri ^Dbin ^la ^mot ^thao ^tile ^tinh thin giup cPUng ^ta ^nhGn

th.rc

�e

^giOi

xung. �"anh .�

^va\o ^chUe ^nllng ^tri ^pi$, ^c8c

"¥

^tri ^nh",

I\�in

cia chi. ^{lam ba} 10\11 ^an d\i y rur;m: in _d� c�u !nic. An _d\i ^{ban the} ^va ^An _d\i _dlnb hu6ng. ^Trong ^bai vi� _nay. chq ^tOi ^s! tip ^trung ^{vao c8c} ^dtc

diSm

^cus ⁱⁿ _d\i

ban thS ^va An _d\i ^ban ^the _qua _y _ni�

HANH

_TRiNH

WI

^NGVO) ^LA

HANH

TRINH eVA DONG ^SONG^.

"'iii

I_, [Ii

�'"

II_..

IP.

lilt

I"

�.

"r.

I II1II

...

"'!""

!

"

•

IhS, Inrlm$ b,i bQ<: ^Sti ^GO^..

....

(2)

66

Ng6n

ngtt

sA

¹⁰ ^Dim ²⁰¹⁵

2. An _d.,. ^bin the

(Ontological

Metaphor)

PhUOllg

^{thirc sinh} ^tAn ^so ^kbai ^nhit ^clla ^con ^nguOi ^I. phuong ^thirc ^v�

chAt,

kinh nghiem ^ella ^con nguOi vol ^cae ^v� th@ di _cung

cAp

^co ^sO ^v� ^chAt ^cho

chUng

ta de bi.!u _� ^II

�1Ii

^cae ^y ^niem ^trim ^ruQilg ^thiInh ^nhQng ^th\lC

ths.

^tit ^d6 ^phai

sinh ^ra m�t lo� An d\l ^moo: An _d\l ^ban ^ths. Trong ^{y niem} ^{An d\llo�} nay. ^con nguOi thuang ^{cui cae} ^y ^ni�m ^va ^hlnh, ^triru ^ruQilg. ^rna ^hli ^nhu �g thai. Sl'

ki¢n.

^ho� ^d�ng ^tAm ^II. ^tlnh ^cam. ^ru ^nrbng ^Is ^nhQng ^th\lC ^thS ^hOu ^hlnh. ^triru

tuqi1g. ^bOO v�y ^c6 thS thAo II$t, IUQilg h6a, � biet ^cae _'* _tnmg va nguyen

nhan ella ^cae

!hI'C the

^{d6. Thea} !COvecses [13a). An ^{d\l ban} th.! _cung

cAp

^cfiu

trUe Iii � ^It ^hun nhi.!u ^so vOO An d\l cfiu ^trUc. _Nhi�m _VII Iii � ^clla lo� ^An

d\l

_nay

duallg

^nhu ^chI ^dun ^thuin ^Is ^cung

cAp

_�I! ^thai ^ban ^th.! ^cho ^cAc _ph!Ull

trU chung ^clla nhQng y ^niem ^{dlch triru} ruQilg. f)i�u nay ^c6 nghia ^Is chUng ^ta

hInh dung ^tn\i

nghl�m

^cita ^ntlnh ^duOO ^�g ^Sl' ^v�1, ^chit ^lieu hay ^v�t ^chira. ^VI nhQng ^{tri thirc} ^clla chllilg ^ta ^vo! ^cae ^Sl' ^v�1, ^chit ^li�u hay ^vit ^chira bi giOO �

ph4n

^{niIo 0}

cAp

^d�

chunf

^nay ^nen ^chUng ^ta khllng the dimg

nhQng

ph(Ull ^trU chung ^b� ^c.o nay de ^hieu nhi.!u ^v.! ^cAc mi€n ^dlcb. An _d\l ban th.! _quy nhtlng

tn\i

I1ghlem

^van ^{khong thS} phAc ^b<i' ^ro rang. ^ho� ^c6 ^tlnh ^ma

hli.

^triru _ruQilg

clla chUng ^ta ^vo! nhQng

Ir\Uig

^thai ^co ^{ban duOO} ^�g ^thirc ^51' ^v�1, ^chit ^Ii�u,^...

ph\lc ^VI! ^cbo nhQng ^m\IC ^dlcb rAt ^da �g. ^j(Ovecse5 [I3a) ^{d! dua} ^ra ^{mo bioh}

Iii � ^clla An _d\l ^ban thS ^nho ^sau:

.,' _. .

1-,·,:,M;.;,i.!n::.::..;N,.!igu:;;i;::.;o"'(.:.So::.;u.:.rce;:.

^..^"'^..

DO,.:;m=.=in"')-+...,,.,..,,.�M;:;i.!:::n

^D.rch ^(Target ^DOmain)

V;o.'rCilA'r(PhysicaIObject) ^-C ^C11!VC ^. ^PHlv.TC

=T=H-=-OA"'.C=1R==UU=

L-- ."...,...,..._,..,...,��-J...-^... �.WONO cAc ^s ^'" cAe ^HANH ^• ^. NO

�_��_....j_�:;:.,^.

..:::;C

^C ^HO�T ^Nv

- V·. ^T ^C ^T ^Kl!

"'NO"'. ""lljN=-'H""'jt

'.,.. V,J,T cHA'r ^VA lie M,J,'r PHI V,J,T cHAT

_______��._.��.�^..

��-�nA�N�G�THA��I

^__^---- ^--�

Qua ^Illil

hlnb. chfulg

^ta ⁰⁶ ^{the �}

thfiy

^An ^dll ^ban ^the ^d! ^quy ^nhQng ^clli

.!firu ^ruQilg. ^mo

h6.

^kh6

hieu,

_{k46 nlm} bit vol nhQng ^�!i ^thai ^ell

the.

^co ^ban

ella S\i v� chAt _li�u^•.. _; ^c6 pgbla!A ⁿ⁶ ^vtt th@h6acai ^triru _tuqi1g. ThI dll: "cu�

dOi" 1. Jll�t ^khAi

Diem

^rAt ^Dia

bi;.

_chUng ^ta _khong ^the ^xac djnb duge ⁿ⁶ vol ^mall

sic.

^hlnh

kh6i

_hay '* diem _{vtt 11,}^••• nhung ^qua ^con dubng An ^d\I ^ban

th.!.

^cu�

do; ^s! ^Iro nen _ell

thS

^MU milt ^S\( v� Irong y ^niem cuOC 001 LA DONG S6NG.

An

dll ^ban the giup cbllilg ^ta ^ru duy vol the!

giOO

^thea ^{hai cAch:}

I) Quy

chic!u,

^{djnb tinh} ^{va xac} ^djnb ^c8c phuong ^di� ^ella nhllng ^tn\i

nghi�

d! du..,.; 140) ^r6 hun.

.

2) ^Khi nhQng ^tn\i nghlent ^rna hi; ^d! _duQc _IIlng ^{thai h6a} th<lng qua An _dll bAq

ths tbl'nhQng

^tn\i _ngh.iem ^duQC y ni� ^b6a

Ay

^c6 ^the ^{dllQC cAu} ^trUc ^th�m

nQa bOO y nghia ^ella An d\I

cAu

^trUe.

chlqg

^hfn, ^khi

chUng

^ta ^quan ^{ni�m cu�}

dOi ^I. m�t v�t

the

v� chAt tbl chUng ^{ta c6}

the

_{d� dang}

cAu

^trUc ^{no vOO} _nhQng

y nghIa ^clla m�t d!>ng sOng qua

An

<1\1

Y

1li�

Cl)OC

^{001 LA}

DONG 86)11G.

(3)

�

^dV ^bin

t"I

^..^, ⁶⁷

3. An d" sang ^nrie

�

^3.1.

HANlI

^TRiNH ⁰⁰ⁱ ^{NGlfOi LA}

HANH

TRiNH eVA DONG S6NG

�

_Trong

lifutg

^Vi�t, ^c6 ^the ^d� ^dang ^tim ^ra ^SIl ^lUang ^thleh ^I, ^kl ^giita ^{cae tri}

� _thue sang ^nu6c, ^rVng ^{han la} ^ea ^m�t sa thl,lC the ^lien quan den _sang nuoe v6i

� IU each la

mien

y ni�

nguAn

^v6i ^villr\l ^{eu� dm,} ^trong ^d6 ^e6 ^con ngum ^ell

,I

thS sjnh sang,

^v6i ^IU ^{each la} miSn y ni�m ^dleh.

i )ling ^{1. M6 hlnb} ^chieu ^'" giila mien

nguAn

^v^�^T ^CHUA

j ^.l mi�n 4ich CON NOVOI

•

1

sang ^khm ^<Ii ^til

nguAn,

^ket ^liDh ^ella h8ng ^trim

subi,

khe, ^tr.li qua nhiSu

khUc � cang ^xa

psUAn,

^1l,lC ^saQg ^cang

yeu,

^eoAi eUng ^thl ^hoa ^tan ^V80 biSn

ca. I'>iIi ngum

chAng

^khSc

mAy,

^e\ing ^sinh ^ra ^til

ngu6n

^nwc ^ella ^m�, ¹⁶⁰ ^ien,

In!<)ng

�

^gili ^nua ^va ^cubi ^cUng ^{ill DhAm}

I!Iit

^xUQi ^lay, ^vA ^{v6i nu6c} ^tien,

nu6c

1'1$

^(ve

sua;

^vang, ^vi ^niTi ^chin

su6.).

·.Nhu v,y, ^h8nh ^trinh ^clla dong sapg c\ing ^chfnh ^)Ii vong ^xoay ^clla ^eUQe

dm. Trong ^cu�

� trl� Ar,

^v61

ph61liem

^phuQ'ng

I�fn

^la ^nguUi ^�I,ln

.dang

hOnh, tAt ^ea nbilng ^{v� chua} ⁴ⁱ

ehuy&,

^Uen _sang !Iu6c ^deu dttQc pMo ^10\11 ^thea nhilng ^thaDg ^bfc gill

tri

^rit ^khllc ^Dba", ^tru6c ^� ¹⁸ d1,la ^V80 ^co ^'iQ

dimg

^vf\ ^thUs

!hay ^ehQ ^v�t ^4uQC ^chUa.

HAy lAy Ihuyin,

^m�t _phoollg lien ^di I�

ph3 biSn,

^dS

Minh hQa: D!ra

m(l1IlIIuyl" ,6"g;

^{CM lham}

ngai

^mili

'/luyl" ,611g,

^luy

,ting

161 dfP nhung

ch&ng

^nguUi ^la; ^Vita ^an ^vira ^clU,i, ^viralha

.th"yl" thunl'

^virq

hoi

lIIuyl" r6"g;

^BQ ^Huyin ^phid ^gai ^nhu

lIIuyJ"

^{chdJ do} ^rupl; ^Thuyen ^cOu

lu limg ^do ^xang,

lIIuyJ"

^,clldJ ^lu ^limg

uang cong lIIuyln

^chili;

Thuyi"

^nan

clIO d6,

,h"yln

ⁱⁱⁱ ^clIO ^•

.it;

Cimg ^hQi cimg

lIIuyln;

^Dur,Tc long

ddl, mdllong

40; Qua ^song ^thi^{phai IllY} ^40;

Qua

⁴⁰ ^khinh _song^... (J diy, ^con ngum ^vila ^Ma

thin v80 phuong ^lien ^vila ^{18 chi!} thS

diSu

khiSn _piluong lien. Tru60g hw nay,

eIIc 00" dQng ^c6 gill

trj

^biSu ^tuQng, ^bam

nghI�

^{clla n6}

�!lg

^{chi b6} ^h�p ^trong

p""'" ^vi ^sang ^nu6c, ^chAng ^� ^Coi giOl>Q buOm; L1m ^{chiou be} ^loi; ^{Thea nu6c} Iw;m

thuyini

^{Tily gi(l} ^rna ^giuo',g ^buam ^cbu ^d(lpg ^Kea ^bu6m ^ngJI(TC ^gi6

hay

CMng

^t1uMn ^nguvc nuvc··· BOi ^S\f 1\18 cbQn ⁶ diy ^c6 Y nghIa

sA!lg

^c6n, ^quytt

djnh ^th8nh c6!lg hay thAt � "dOi, ^vi tro!lg brnIn cAnh _!180 ^{d6 thl} M(jl ^"pm

gi6,

Sit SII tuong

dOii8

tila

^mien

nguon

^Cae ^thuO<; ^{tlnh I}

va ^nli dlch dOi _tuqng _c!uqc chiau _x,

� .

n8u6D

, �

,

I

ban(bir)

Cae th\IC th� lien quan d� sOng ^nu6c

.

thuren

,

dbng sODg

. s6�

..

CfD/ ^siu

2 dlJC/ trong

.

trailn6i

Cae Ir$ng thai cAm xUc

.

xu6i1 nf!Ul7c ^..

Ian!

XUOng

.

, . . . ---

. .

. . ' ^. .

-

i

1

J

(4)

68 Ng4In

ngil'sA

¹⁰ ^nim ¹⁰¹⁵

m(it ^b6 eheo; ^Vu ^he clIng ^v6 ^{ifuvc cdy} ^{lllla cOn} ^khi ^n6i: ^M(it ^minh, ^wa

eMnf

VIla eheo,1KMng ^{ai tat} ^1IJIUe ^dO ^ngheo ^m(jt ^khllA ⁿ⁶ⁱ ^d&t ^{hoAn cAnh} ^{dan chiec}

trong cu¢<: ^{dlri. Thoo} ^khAo ^{sat cita} chUng ^wi, ^trong ^S<i ^l\IC ng(t ^cO nghla ^lien

quan dan cAe phuong ^lien ^eli ^� ^trOn sang ^{nu6c vA} nhOng ^b(I pl$l ^cita

ch{mg,

kiau kSt cAu

Nh4p

sOng tUy ^khUe, ^nh4p^gia ^tUy 1(JC; NuUc nhO timggipt^xoi lluing

dO^... tin: nh6m bi6u _� tinh thfch nghi ^{vlri mai} ttulmg

S<ing,

^chiam ^kha ^nhi6u.

vin trOn cu¢<: ^hAnh ^trlnh

Ay,

^dlri ^sang ^{cO khUe} ^{the nay,} ^khuc ^the khac,

bO beil 10 ben

Mi,

^nuae ^luc ^d\IC, ^Illc ^trong^...^, ^cAe ^� ^ttung hlnh thAnh nen

nhOng ^1ir(Jc dA _C\IC _{b(I, chUng} gqi ^len ^mOt mien bieu _{� khac,}

giUp

^ta nI$t ^r!I

han hAnh ^trlnh ^dlri ngulri ^vA ⁿ⁶ⁱ ^fOng ^ra ^IA ^cuOc ^dlri. Trong chiau huang ^nhu

dA bi�n gilli, ^dlri ngulri

khan�

^pblli ^{lUe olio} ^ctJng Song l(ing song em, Thu(in

budm ^xuol glo; ho� ^nhu ^Buom

g(ip

^glo ^hay Xuoi eheo mat mal^•.. rnA cO khi

pblli ^{Len IMe}

xu&ng ghinh,

^Thuyen ^xuOi ^gl6 ^{nguve, cO} ^khi ^{pblli dAi} ^mJt ^vlri

Song ¹⁰

gio

^IUn, ^pblli Leo lai cheo

eMng

^Inlri ^cO ^the ^vuqt ^qua. Cilng ^tren ^hAnh

trlnh xti(ji va bien _c8, ^cO _{m�t th\IC} IS _Ia, ch3 ^olio dja ^hlnh sang ^h�i ^\\I ^nhu ^cw

sans,

^vAm ^sang, ben db, ns! ^ba, ^ngi

bar

^... ^!hi ^cOOg ^chfnb ^IA ^chli ^1\1 ^h�i ^cita

con ngulri. ^Til ^dAy, ^kh4 nhiau _y Di� va cu¢<: ^dlri trong lUang ^lac ^vlri sang

nuac dUQ'C ^hlnh thanh, ^vA c(ing ^til nhOng ^trIIi nghi�m nay, ^con ngulri ^dA ^dUe kat _dIlQC nhOns quy 1$ ^cUa sang ^nu6c ^rna ci!ng ^{chinh IA} logic c,* ^dlri: ^NlI{!e ehtty ^Idu, ^ddu cilng ^1m; ^£Un

lhuy€n,

^IUn song; ^Nlluc ^{khe de} ^nuuc

su6i;

^lVII6e

su6; ^co bao gic} îI!Ic; B6i Îhl _0; Îi! Îhl _dl; ^Tlic ^nIIfIc ^vU _/x}; _Nuftc chtty êM

trlIng;

MilO ddm ^Idu clIng ^1111; ^... ^minh ^bQa ^{them cho} An _dll _dang _ban, ^cO the kS dSrt

IUQ'C

46

^{hinh Anh} ^sau _dAy: _NgIic1i co lue vinh Ir!c nh!Ic, ^1IJIUe ^co rUe dlle ^lue /rong ^vA ^Nwc ^co khl/rong ^!chi ^dlle, ^nglic1i ^eoU ^Ille ^{kj lhonk}

3.2.

cuOC OOllA pONG S6NO

3.2.1. Dong

^"Iri ^IA dOng

sang

COos nhlf lIul1i thoo dOng ^nU6c, ^xu3i ti)eo 16 _{th6i cUa} ^xl _{hOi thulmg} rAt thl$llqi ^vA 4ir(Jc ^Mnh gilIlA ^thli'c ^th(ri,

hw

^Ie, ^cOn nsuvc dOng, ^{I�i dOng} ^IluOc

IlSl!QC ^la <IT nhien IA

rAt

^kh6 kbAn. TAt _{obien xuai} thoo dAiIl dang ^cmr.

hill

^dA

IA cMu II, ^cho ¢n

chap

^J;J)$ ^xu3i ^hay ^nguqc trong 1'1 b�i c\bJg ^IA ^mOt Sill\fa chQn, ^ben CfIth ^SIII\fa chQn ^cAe 16� dong ^nuae. COOg ^nhu dOllg ^sang ^lu3n hlfOng ^{va bien} ^c8,

S<ing

ÎA hlfOng ^{va phia} ^ttuOe, ^lUang ^lai ÎA ^ttu9'c ^m�, ^sau lung ÎA qua ^khir, ^hanb ^trlnh ^cu¢<: ^"Iri ÎA nhOng

'luAng

^"ulmg ^di ^{dA qua, 0} ^dAy

Y Diem ^thlri gian "UQ'C dinh vj ^thoo cOt mAc ^cita _khang _gian. _SII ^trai _chAy ^cita

nu6c dIlQC bieu _bung cho _S\I banb th3ng, !hAng lien ^{cOn nguqc}

i�

_{dong sang}

�

_nghan

&y

^IA dong ^dlri ^� ^tj, ^ta ^vin thooDg nghe ^n6i: ^hang ^h60 ^II opng. ^dll

an �i _ngung opng, ^cu(ie

$&ng

^tU ^opng, ^cu(ic

$&ng

⁰⁰ ^Iii, ^cu(ie

sang

^!chang ^16;

thodt^...

thtinc

^tin ^bi ^bilkin ^lch6ng ^chUa ^m�1 ¹⁶ ^m{)I, ^•.• ^0.;, ^v.y, ^plJlli ^khoi

ngu6n,

phIIi ^khai thang dong cMy, ^tIr dAy ^ta ^cO ^m�t S<i _ng(t _� ^lien _quan dSo _y _oi�

vita nhAc: khat

ngu6n

^sang ^1(10, ^can ^b�

ngu6n;

¹⁽¹⁰

ngu&n

^{nMn IIIC}^.•. ^t1$n

c!lI ⁿ⁶ cOD ^Ian tOO·&o ^net _nghra ^''!\oi _p()at _{sinh, DQi} _�ung

cAP"

^nhu

ngu6n

^biM.

-_._._-_ .. -_._, ^.

(5)

!IS

An

_dy _.,iD

the

^... ⁶⁹

-

,

,^.,

'<II

...

..

"

ngu6n vlin, ngu6n

^cam ^xUe,

ngu6n

^irE ^/uf, ^Nguiri ^ta ^cOn ^dlla ^V80 ^net ^ngbia

kh6i _{chAt long} nOi

liSp

^cbAy ^Irong dong

san_g

^de ^chi ^dong

huyat thOn�

^nhll

dOng ^hp, dong

giling.

^dong ^dni, ^dOng ^tPc, ^mii dong. ^con ^dong ^cMu ^giong.,.

va xa hon 101 dong ^difn, dong ^Om thonh, dOng ^thOi gian, dong ^suy nghi ^va ^di

ohlen IA cO cA dOng ^dm (!roi ^theo dong diri).

3.2.2. C,* ^{diri IA} v� ^chUa

Con

nguiri

ÎA ^mOt ^thvc ^{the tOn} Îfi Îrong khong gian ^nhu ^{mOt v�t} ^chUa.

D§y ^IA ^mOt ^tnIi nghiem rit ^q"an

yeu

^{vA til} _nhlhlg ^tnIi nghiem nay, ^con ngu/rl

di phong chIau ^len the gim ^{nhu xi} ^hOi, _sOng nu"" ^vA rAt ohl€u _vat ^the ^kb8c:

buUc vao di1i, Irong cuPc dm,

sling

trong ^xiI 1191, ^ben Ii _cu(lc dm^.. ^" boi Irong

mr6c, _nKI'P I� _trong song. .vi v6i sang. ^mo ^kim ddy

bi,

cu(lc bi dOu, ^troi ^lheo

dOng ^nuUc, ^ba ^chlm bay ^noi^... D�y sOng ^IA &y ^xi ^hOi, ^til diy hInh thoInh nen

mOt $\I

p)lfut

^lolli ^cAe ^giai

tApg

^x§ ^bOi ^thoo

ph,!"llg

^vi

thAng

^dimg, ^du6i ^day

xiI�_��_��_�xiI�

^... ^��_

&p.

^df,t ^IA ^\/,t ^the chUa nu"" nen cAe thuOc ^tInh cli

the,

^len!

mling.

^trail

n&i.

nOiI chlm, c(ln! ^sau. d�c/ _trong^... d!u duqc dimg ^cho nguiri ^vA ^cho ^x§ ^hOi:

Un _voi,

;w&ng

^ch6; ^Len ^thOc

%u6ng gMnh;

^Ba ^chlm ^bay

n6i;

Chlm tN6i him

,

sOu; ^chlm I(ln day; ^Ben ^{la Ihl} ^�c, ^ben ^btii ^thl trong;, ^... ^suy nghi nOng ^C(ln;.

C(ln nghT,' ^C(ln long; ^C(ln ^{tau rao} mang; ^C(ln ^bOu ^tam ^{�; C(In} ^1m; ^C(ln ^van;

C(In

ngu6n

^40.0 ^t(lo. ^Tuy ^khong lien quan truc

Ii�

^den ^y ^niem ^dang ^xet, ^nhung

rAt nhl€u dAn _ngtl cho

tilAy,

^ngu/rl ^Viet ^blnb ^dung, linh cam la vlit ^c/rIra nuUc,

,

cam xuc ^{la nuac:} 17nh cam d(lt ^{dOo; 17nh} ^%UQ ^lai lang; ^{Cam xUC} ^lI1ng dpng;

Yeu thrrcmg

Idng ;ruling;

^nnh ^{anh nhu} ^nuUc

dOn�

^coo; ^An ^a ^v6i ^nhau ^nhu

bat nuac

d,iy

^... ^vA ^{khi qan} giao ^duc kat: _Dl'C ^{fir dau} _song _d�c

mling; Ngu6n

d�c ^thl dong c£]ng ^d�c^... ^thl ^hin ^ohlen khong ^chi ^de ^noi ^{\/€ sang} ^nuoc.

3.2.3. Moi truimg ^xi ^hOi ^{IA nu6c}

Tnroc mOt ^mOi ll'Uimg ^mm,

ching

^� ^nhu: !hay d6i ch3 ⁰ ^mo ^iVng ^ra,

IA bAt kl mOt ^$\I !hay ^d6i ^nAo ^dO,

ching

^� ^nl!u:

chuyen

^dOi

ngha

^nghiep, ^moi

truimg

^chuyen ^mOn, ^vi ^the ^xi ^hOi." ^rna ^{ai dO} ^{pbAt biSu:} ^mm ^{chOn uOt} ^chOn

rdo din, ^con 1(1 ^nuac, 1(1 ^cai; ^{Ra vm} ^m6i bilt C(ln sau, ^a _trong I(lch ^hoi bill

44u rna do, ^thl ^r(! raog IA chua thlch

nghi,

^{chua hoa} � ^dIlQC, pbAi ^mAt ^mOt

thiri gian de quen nuac quen cai. T!Ong ^cAi ^moi trulmg

iy,

^vi ^thS ⁿ⁶ⁱ¹ ^chlm

k¥ng

^pbAi ^ai ^cilng ^nhu ^{ai, bien} ^tuQng ^xi ^l¥)i ^nao ^cling

giOng,nhau.

^phong ^Iriio

nOi len,. nlii. len nhu mpl hifn _tu(lng. Ihrrcmg ^hifu .'^nlii ^nhu ^can, ^liii ^I1n ^{nOi lam}

cho h6n nOi trpi giiia ^dam dang. ^nhii ^{vl1n m(!i} ^nOi, ^cong ^{tac dOn} ^v(ln ^{noi len}

mQl van di ^... cO kbi nlii ^nhuphoo, n6i ^lrJuji ^_ ^nuac. ^{Con chlm} ^cilng

the,

^I1n

chlm. chll ^{chim, chim}

m6ng.

IrJujng ^{/chi chim}

xu6ng.

^phong ^trao ^chim

m6ng.

chim /chuat _{trong dam} dang, ^chim ^lim (nghim) ^tren ^san

kJiJu,

_lang ^;rom ^chim

nl{(ip ^{tronl{ man} dem, Iham ^chi ^cOn ^chim _1(In ddy, chim du6i bun ^sOu. MOt ^V\I viet bi bung ^bit ^ho� bi cO tInh

giiu

nhl'lll ^thl gQi ^{la chlm}

xu6nl{.

^D§ ^bi ^chlm

xu6nl{

^thl ^cbi&:

xuang

^va ^tAt ^cA

nh�

^gi ^Irong

chi&: xubng

^deu ^bi ^nu6c ^cu6n

Wi

het,

khang ^cOn d! _I� _mOt

�

^vet ^{nao nol} ^bien

truiml!'

^MQt ^nguiri ^lam

viet ^llie ^cO ^m�t, ^llie khong ^thl glin ^{cho til} l� �: ^No ^di ^{lam rna} ^err I�n

hjlP

m4i, Diy ^lit ^mOt ^h� dQng kh{)ng ^thS thiau dAi vm ^eu d§n sOng nil"" llie tAm

�

'1iCn

lirt

i�

lIiiu

i�

�rQ iiI;

�"'

�

.1Ii

�'_II

Dilii

�"'

• •

'''I Ii ,lftix ,'Irir;

�..'l

iill ,Ii

i�

'"

�5 III

I!IiI

..

oif

dl

�

<if

(6)

70 NgOD

Dgft'sA

¹⁰ ^Dim ²⁰¹⁵

s6ng, ^dAo ciAt. _Nglim _I�n _hllP ^dum _sang _cilllg ^c6 Inc

thAy

^luc ^khOng, ^b6i

th�,

trong ^cach di!n _� nAy nham ^{11m chi} _mOt _nguOi ^InA I""

!bAy

^llic khOng ^thl gQi

IA I�n

h"f':

^VI ^ph8i

sang

^trong ^m6i ^truOng ^nuae ^cho ^nen ^ph8i

''vly

Wog", th�

18 mOt ^so bolll

clyng

^trong ^nuae ^cluqc ^{dUng cIA} ^chi ^cui)<:

sang,

^mOt

�g

^1\lC

yeu,

mOt c6ng ^vie<: ^bel bQn: ^No dang ^{bt1I m6n} ^toan; ^cOng ^vifC ^IIiJ

4llu;

^{s6 stich} _ngIP

tOi

4du,

^tOi

c6

^... ^;

�t

� ^thAi ^t&n ^11: ngIP

tnln}l(lnhplulc.

^tnln ^tri hi "9ng^...;

m(it ^tlob

��:

^chit ^duAl trong cu/ic tlnh, ^chlm tt4m _trong hoan I",c^... ^Kbi

ai cl6 than phien, ^b6 bilt bao ^nhieu liin ^{cUa vao} _dtt ^{an ma}

cluing t/uiv

^bq ^bin

dou co thl c6ng vie<: c!Au ^tu ^ro _r8ng khOng ^c6 hie.. qua rAi. Trong

chi€u hu6ng

anb _x� gilla ^hai miSn _y _niettl clang ^xcI, ^{eac thl} ^d\l ^sau clAy ^cho

tliAy

sang ^DuOc

quan ttQng clen mUe ^nAo trong ^tu duy ^clia nguOi ^Viet ^{dil c6} ^th� ^nguOi ^ta

kh6ng

nb� biS! cli�u _nAy: Bin _(xe), _(xe) /10, �I b�,

'l1Ul

^glang; ^No

dang

luvn song

(c�y xe); Vang dang ^lurh song ^(len

xiiAng

^th4t thuO"g); ^Xe CN,ry _ngpt ^nwc.

N6i r(l han, ^COI1 nguOi ^va phuong tien vln ^di

chuyen

^!ren ^bQ, oblDlg ng6n ^til

I�

cI� c�p clen sang ^nuOc

th�

_{oblmg vln} _logic, ^dieu ^kl ^dieu ^clia ^an d\l ^la ch3

nAy.

^Qua ^obion, ^ven ^tu ^{each IA} ^m(it ^bQ

p�

^clia ^m6i ^truOng, ^qua ^tuortg ^$:,

con

n.gum

^khOng ^tha

khOn�

^bi

n?

^chi

pllOi

^ho'" ^chi

pbOi �� n?

^Do ^v�y,

khO�}!

I� ^khi

!bAy

^tropg ^va ^sa ^tnl.i ^nghi�m ^rnA ^CM ^Ong ^ta ^{cIA cluc} ^ket, ^c6 ^nhllng ^triet

I( ^.,

!it

^!ham thuy, lriau ^obu:

Nwc

^len ^rai ^nu6c ^1",1

rong;

^Ben ^{16 thl} ^dllC, ^ben^.

boi thl Irong; ^NIl6c

I�g

^lang ^sdu; ^Nwc ^thizy ^lang ^tlutUng ^la ^sau, ^n8llOi ^Irdin

I�ng thllimg ^la ^sau ^slic; ^...

3.2.4. Tu tuOng ^IA d6ng ^nu(Jc chAy

DOn6 sang

^c6

tha

^{coi 18} ^mOt troiig nhllng

c4

^mlu ^clia ^vAn ^hoa ^nMh _lo�,

IA m(it ^{bien the} ^clia

inlll gac

^nuOc,

sang

^m(it ^n\�1 ^mang

MiI!!g

^Y ^nghla

bi�1I

ltIDlg chllDg ^clia ^{nuOc, mOt} ^�t ^c6 nhilpg hu6ng ngbJa bie!u trUng riong ^gAn liSn _ven nhilllg ^cI�c

cliem

^blln ^the! ^cUa ^n6. t>� ^tiob ^ve ^SIf di

chuy�n

^lien

'IIJC

ella dong

sang khien

^nguOi ^ta ^{li� IuOng} rten dong chAy trong ^tu WOng. NguOi Viet thuO!)g ^sir d\lDg nililllg ^til ^ngtl', ^thIInh I'lgtl', ^(IJc ngtl'

gAn

^lien ven blnb Anh

di>ng

^nuOc. ^de! ^di!n ^dill ^suy ngbi, ^t&n, ^\II: ^chlm

ddill, Ian

_hllP, ^Ian l/il, �ng ^C(l1l,

sau, dtiy ^voi^... ^; ^No dang ^{chim dam} troilg dOng suy Ill; _suy nghT nong ^cl,11i;

i)t;l ^sau ^hem

blln,

_b!lng ^{lei;, hem}

buang;

^DIlvc ^long

ddt,

^{mdt 10llg} ^do; ^suy ^nghT

tMng

Sudt;

^Bilt ^dau _{dtiy biln}

ady

^vol

mllillimg

^... ^�

!bAy,

^do

phiSu

^{I( do} ^�

nbau obu: mOi lr\rOng ^dia ^I( ^tU ^Nam ^cb(

BAc,

^tit _DOng sang TAy ^clia

Vi�

^Nam,

cl4u cl4u cilllg ^c6 sang ^"uae, ^va ^con nguiri ^Vi� ^Nam

gIin

^{b6 than} ^thiSt ^ven chUng

ca vf I'mg ^xu v�t

chAt

^{vA ca} ^dm

sang

^tiob ^thin. £>6 la I( do gia; ^thlch ^vi ^sao ciAu an _song _"uOc ^va ^cae _th\lC the ^lien _ql,an clen _sang ^nwc kha � ^nct trong

tu duy ^cUs

ngum

^Vi�. ^KbOng ^chi ^\1On

thufut

^{18 ten} ^gQi ^S\l' ^v� ^hien ^tuqng,

!1hilllg

til ngtl' ^chi tlQl) �g ^clia ^con ^nuae cllAy thuimg ^(t obieu _mang _{tl!!h bieu} _cam.

the

hi�n Slf

gAn

^b6 ^sau ^sAc

tiP.h

^cam ^c� ^CO"

ngum

^ven ^thlall ^obi�lI.

4. Kit lu,D

H�t ^nMn ^tu tu6ng ^clia ns6n ^ngtl' ^hQC ^tri ^� ^Is ^quan ^diem ^"di ^nQin ^vi

trung", ^con ngum ^luOn ^IUon ^{J ^Vi ^tr( ^trung ^t&n nhAt ^cUa _vUlt\i, ^clia _!liQi _I�

..

(7)

71

diem,

^con _ngu(ri ^Is ^"thu6c do" elia _V!lll vJt ^tran the giOi nay. ^Chfnh ^vi

tha,

y niem va ^con nguOi ^�t IAn ^nlla _Ir\JI:

liSp

^18m s8ng ^to ^q"an diAm ^nMn ^vAn

liy.

C6 thA _nh� xet mien _{y niem} sOng ^{nu6c e6} ^milt vi ^trI hAt ^sue _�e bi�t trong

� dilng trI nao clia ngu<ri Vi� ^{c8 lIan} ^binh di� Y ^thire cilng ^nhu liem ^thue.

Xa hon, ⁰⁶ th� khlli quat dUQC diSu nay, IUQC d6 sOng ^nu6c ^d4 h4n ^sau _trong

t!m trI, ^eho ^nan milt mJt. ^tran ^co ^siJ

nhilng

^(rjoh nghiem ^d4 ^06, nguCri ^Vi�t

dA due kat ^th8nh nhilng ^� ^{xet 06} gia ^trj ^nMn ^sinh, ^"* ^lehac sin s8ng dung

IIlIP eSc trW nghi�m ^mOi va n6.

TAl LIeU ^THAM ^KHAo

I.

TiAng

^Vi�t

1. Trln ^Viin _Co,

•. Ngon ng& ^hqc ^ITI ^nh4n (Ghl chip ^va ^suy nghT), ^Nxb