NGHlftN c u u CHU NGHlA M A C - l i : N I N , T U T O 6 N G H 6 c H i MINH
NHAN VAN CUA TK PHE BINH VA PHE TRONG TAC PHAM "SUAOdl LOI IJyVl VIEC"
ThS NGUYfeN D I N H B X C * 1
'Siia ddi I6i ldm viic' lfi mfit tac phfim cd gifi tri to Idn v^ nhieu mfit ciia Ho Chf Minh, trong dd, tu phfi binh vfi phd binh lfi van d^ dupc dl cfip sfiu sfic vfi toan difin b hiu he't vfi xuydn suit trong cfic nfii dung, cac phin, cfic muc cua tac phim. Tu tuong nil bfit eua Ngubi ve tuphfi binh vfi phe binh thl hien trong "Sua dd'i loi lam viec" la "tri bfinh ciiu ngubi", vi su tiln bfi cua mfii can bfi, dang vifin va su truong thfinh, Idn manh cua Dang ta. Do dd, fi'n chua trong tofin bfi vfi'n dl tu phe binh va phe binh o tac phfi'm lfi gia tri nhfin vfin sfiu sac, chu nghia nhfin dao hidn thuc, chu nghia nhfin van mac xit cua Chu tich Ho Chf Minh.
Tfnh chat nhfin vfin trong tuphfi binh vfi phfi binh h tac phfi'm "Sua dfi'i Id'i lam vific" dupc the hien trudc het 6 muc dich diing ddn vd dfyng co trong sdng Clio vi^c ttf phi binh vd phi binh. Theo Ngubi, o mfii t l chuc, moi con ngubi ben canh nhirng mfit tot thi cung tin tai nhung mfit khuylt diem, nhirng mfit khfing tfi't. Vfi'n de nguy hilm nhfi't dd'i vdi mfii can bfi, dang vifin, mfii t l chuc lfi khfing nhfin ra khuyfi't die'm, sai lam de sua chiia ciing nhu ngubi cd benh sp uong thud'c. Nhuvay, benh ngfiy cfing nang them vfi khd chira. Cho nfin, "thang thudc hay nh&'t Id thiet thuc phi binh vd tif phi binh"^. Ngubi chi ro: "phd binh" la neu uu die'm va vach khuylt diim cua dong ehi minh, cbn "tu phe binh" lfi neu uu die'm va vach
' Hoc vi&n Chinh tri, Bd Qudc phdng
khuyfi't diim ciia bfin thfin minh. Dilu dd cd nghia lfi, tu phfi binh vfi phfi binh khdng chi vach ra khuylt difi'm mfi phfii nfiu ca uu difi'm, neu uu difi'm trudc, v^ch khuyet difim sau; nfiu uu diim vfi vach khuylt difi'm phfii di ddi vdi nhau, khfing duuc coi nhe hofic tuyfit dd'i hda bfi't ky mfit nfio. Vi vfiy, Hi Chi Minh eho rfing, mue dfch cao nhfi't vfi duy nhfi't cua vific tu phfi binh vfi phd binh lfi mfit mfit d l sua chua cho nhau, mfit khac d l khuyfi'n khfch nhau, "^fit chudc"
nhau cung tifi'n bfi mfii. Ngubi ed uu die'm thi phai d gfing phfit huy, vuon len khong ngimg, ngubi cd khuylt die'm, bi phfi binh thi phfii vui long nhfin rfl diaua chua. Tu phe binh vfi phfi binh khong dupc gay nan chf hofic oan ghet lfin nhau. Ngubi nhfin manh, tir phe binh vfi phe binh la 'c6t digidp nhau siia chila, gidp nhau tiin b0. C6t di siia chda cdch ldm cho tit ban, ddng han. C6t dodn kit vd thdng nhd't n^i bfi"'.
Ndi each khac, theo Hi Chi Minh, tu phfi binh vfi phfi binh lfi de hpe cai hay, cai td't, tranh cai do, cai xfi'u, chu khfing phai de ndi xfi'u nhau. Tu phd binh vfi ph§
binh lfi d l "tri bfinh cuu ngubi", d l dfin chu va ky lufit trong Dang tdt hon, nghiem minh hon, can bfi, dang vien guong mlu hon, Ifim cho t l chuc dangvk coquan nhfi nude trong sach, vung manh hon; qua do nhfim khfing ngiing eung co va tang cubng su dofin kfi't trong nfii bfi t l chuc dang va trong mfii can bo, 1, H(S Chl Minh: Todn t&p. t 5, Nxb CTQG, H, 1995 tr 262.
2 Sdd tr. 232.
N G H I I I N C I ^ C H U N G H I A M A C - LfiNIN,TUTU6fNGH6cHiMINH
dfing vifin. Rfi rfing, mijc dich ciia tuphfi binh vfi phfi binh theo quan nifim cia Hi Chf Minh chfnh lfi vl sv tifi'n bfi, sir phfit triln ciia bfin thfin mdi ngubi, cfia chfnh mii cfin bfi, dfing vifin vfi t l chuc dfing, chfnh quyln nhfi nudc, lfi dl giiip nhau b ^ thfinh n h i ^ ngubi uu tu, phijng 8if vfi dng hifi'n dupc nhilu eho s^nghilp each m^ng cua Dfing, cfia nhfin dfin. Dd lfi mfit trong nhiing bilu hifin dfim nfit cfia tfnh nhfin vfin sfiu sic trong tip phfi binh vfi phfi binh fr HI Chf Minh.
Mfit khac, trong t\f phfi binh vfi phfi binh, Hi Chf Minh lufin yfiu clu mSi cfin bfi, dfing vifin phfii dl eao trach nhifim, phfii cd dfing co trong sang, vi lpi fch ciia Dfing, ciia dfin tfic, kifin quyfi't chd'ng chu nghia ca nhfin. Nhihig bilu hifin tifiu ci^c nhu chf thifin vl v^ch khuylt diim ciia n g i ^ khac theo kilu "hm ldng, tim vfi't" d l tim each h^ bfi nhau, Ifim gifim uy tfn ciia nhau, hofic chi thifin vl phfi binh ngubi khfic mfi khfing nghifim khfic t\f phfi binh minh, chi iMn m^nh uu diim khi "phd binh cfi'p trfin" theo kifiu tfing bd'c, ninh hdt... thue chfi't lfi bilu hifin cua chii nghia co hfii, thi^ d^i^ trong tir phfi binh vfi phfi binh. Ngubi chi n , nhung ke cohfii, vu lpi dfi khdng dam phfi binh tnmg thuc, thing thfin, Ididng phfi binh truuc mfit dl ndi sau lung. Khi khai hfii thi khfing ndi, liic khai hdi rii moi ndi". "Khiphi binh ai, khdng phdi vi Ddng, khdj^phdi vi tiin 6$, khdng phdi vi cdng viic, md chi dng kich cd nhdn, cdi budng, trd thd, tiiu khf'^. Ngirai canh bfio: "Mpi ngubi phfii nhu rfing, efing nhilu khuylt difi'm nho thanh mfit khuyfi't difi'm to, se rfi't cd hai". Phfii dl phong nhiing tu tuong ca nhfin ehu nghia, lpi dung vide phfi binh de Ifim cho ding ehf minh khd chiu, nan long, d l ndi cho suung mifing, hofic nguy hilm hon lfi d l theo dufi'i muc dfch rifing mfi "keo be, keo canh", "ha be lan nhau", v.v... Nhung dieu dd hofin tofin trai vdi gia tri nhfin van trong tu phd binh va phfi binh o Ho Chf Minh.
Mue dfch cao ca, dfing co trong sang trong tu phfi binh va phfi binh o tac phfi'm "Sua dii Ifii lam vific"
ma Hi Chf Minh xac dinh trfin dfiy dfi the hidn tfi'm Ibng ydu thuong eon ngubi, quy trpng ding ehf, dong ddi, nfiu eao nghia tonh dong bfio, ding loai, chu nghia yfiu nudc, diu nghia nhfin dao, k l tuc vfi phfit huy dao Iy lam ngubi cua dfin tdc Vifit Nam.
Thai dfi Idling thfin, trung thuc, khfing sp sai llm, khuyet diim va kifin quyfit sua chua sai llm, khuyet diim - mfit bilu hidn dac trung cua gia tri nhfin vfin
sfiu sic trong tu phfi binh vfi phfi binh & tac phfim
"Sua dfl'i Ifl'i Ifim vi^c" eua Hi Chf Minh. Ngubi lufln nhic nh&, trong khi phfi binh ngubi khfic phfii giii thfii dfi hofin tofin khfich quan, cflng tfim, chfin IJnh, khflng truy chi^p, gb fip, mfi phfii gifii thfch rfi rfing nhfing sai llm, khuyfi't diim, tfic h^i eua nd vfi chl ra nguyfin nhfin, phuong phfip sua chfht nhQng sai llm, khuyfi't diim dd. Theo Hi Chf Minh: "Ddi vdi cdn 6fi 6/ 8ai liim, ta quyit khdng nin nh^n ring kg mu6n nhu thi, md cdng kich hQ.Trdilqi,ta phdi dilng thdi dfi thdn thiit, giilp hg tim ra cdi cd vi sao md sai ldm?
Sai ldm nhu thi, si c6h(ti din cdng viic nhu thi ndo, /dm thi ndo md sda cHOa? Tdm Itfi, phdi phi binh cho ddng"*. B6i lfi, "phi binh cho ddng, chdng nhiing khdng ldm gidm thi di^n vd uy tin cda cdn b^, cda Ddng. Trdi Uti, cdn ldm cho stf Idnh d(fo rm^nh mi hon, that thifc hem, doddmduy tin vd thi diin cdng tdngthim"^.
Hi Chf Minh yfiu clu, tu phfi binh ndnh cung nhu phfi binh ngubi khfic phfii trifit dl, thfit thfi, nghidm tlie. Trong dd, dd'i vdi ngubi phd binh, Ngubi khuydn phfii ndi thfit, ndi thfing, khfing sp bi "tru dap", khdng ndn ed thai dp "khfing dam ndi ra truuc mat, chi ndi sau lung", khdng n l nang, khfing thfim bdt. \^ theo Ngdn, "nl nang khdng phi binh, di cho dong chi minh cii sa vdo I6i ldm din n6i hdng vi^c, thi thi khdc ndo thdy ddng chi minh dm, md khdng chda cho hg. Ni nang minh, khdng ddm tif phi binh, di cho khuyit diim cda minh chiia chdt lai. Thi thi khdc ndo tif bd thudc d0c cho minh"^. Nhung ding thbi Ngubi ciing nhfic nho, phe binh tuyfit nhien khdng phai de cdng kfch, ndi xfi'u; trong phfi binh "chd ddng nhiing Idi mia mai, chua cay, ddm thgc"'^. Cbn ddi vdi ngubi dupc t l chuc, dupc ding chi phd binh. Hi Chf Minh cfin dfin ho phai cd thai dp thfinh khfi'n, vui Ibng nhan de sua dfi'i, khfing vi bi phfi binh ma nan du, hofic oan ghet ngubi phfi binh. Ngubi chi ro, nd'u hp phe binh ta, ta phai vui ve thira nhfin, khdng ndn to ve bfi't binh, d l lfin sau hp khdng dam phfi binh niia.
Phai hfi't sue tranh thai dp "bung mat bat chim",
"gifi'u bfinh sp thuoc", bi phfi binh thi im lim, khdng cfing khai dfing bao, khfing tim each sua chiia. Kifin 3. Sdd, Ir. 258,
4. Sdd, tr. 263.
5. Sdd, tr. 258.
6. Srf£/,tr.261.
7. Sdd, tr. 232.
NGHlfiNCtrUCHUNGHJAMAC- li:NlN,TUTU6NGH6cHiMINH quy^t khSng iw^e oS thili d^ thknh kie'n, trd i^f
ngubi phe binh... Nguiri gpi nhQng th ji d$ dti lit "thii do khSng th$t thi, kh6ng dting din' vi thii df dij si din de'n hiu qui ri't nghiim trpng, b^nh i^ng ngiy ning them, thim idif nguy hi^m tiH tfnh mang.
Trpng ttf phe binh vi ph6 binh, Hj Chf Minh d|ic biet coi trpng vi$c li'y giio dtfc lim diu, eCt i( rin, d«y, dOng viin, ning dft con ngutri, stta cliita tiCn bO, chii khing phii di' trimg ph«t Ngutri vie't: 'Ta phil ttf phi binh rio rill, vi phdi Uy ldng nhdn dl, Uy Ung thinh thit mi rio riit phi binh ding cht minh.
Hai viic dd phil tl dil vdi nhau'*. Xui't phit tit tinh thin dd, khi tie'n hinh giio dt;c. Hi! Chf Minh xic djnh, cin phii ed thii dO dting. Thii d^ dd li, cd ni^m tin vio str tiin bO cua ngutri mic khuyet liita, luin *mong ai ni'y d4u thilt thttc sua chihi tiin b^', bie't ning d& con ngubi, khoi diy tfnh tfch cttc, ciu thi trong mSi con ngubi, 'phii diing thii dO thin thie't" vdi ti'm Ibng y6u nudc, stt chin thinh, cbi mo, gitip dd' nhau tie'n bO; d6ng thbi che'ng tu tubng "chi'p nhi't", "dinh kie'n" khi nhin nhin dinh gii con ngubi.
Ngubi chl ra ring; "Mit ngudi cdn bi khi trudc c6 sal ldm, khdng phdi cii thi md sal ldm mdi. Cdng c6 cdn bi din nay chua bl sai lim, nhung chdcgl sau niy khdngphc^mphdi sal ldm? Qud khii, hiin IQI vd tucmg lai cda ho niQi ngudi khdng phdi ludn gidng nhau"^.
Vi vly, trong tit phe binh vi phe binh cin phai cd ti'm Ibng rdng mo, khong nen dinh kie'n, h^p hbi, phai thay su cau thi, phat tri(?n, y chi vuon len trong mSi con ngutri.
Giio due, ren luyin con ngubi li mOt qui trinh gian kh^, cdng phu, liu dii, cho nen, Hd Chf Minh yeu ciu chiing ta cbn phai cd thii dd kiln tri, nhin nai trong ttt phe binh vi phe binh. Ngubi day: "Dd dildu cdng mdn. Sdt mdi Idu cdng sdc. Ta cdgdng siiachUa thi khuyit diim ngdy cdng bdt, uu diim ngdy cdng ting.
Bdngviinvdcdnbicdngtrdnlnchdnchlnhcdchmiing.
Ddng cdng phat trlin'^".
Ciing vdi viec dl cao thii dd diing din, trung thuc khi nhin nhan nhihig sai lim, khuyet diim, Hd" Chi Minh ludn thing thin phe phin nhttng hii'u hien tieu cttc vl thii dd phi binh, ttt phe binh cua mdt bd phin cin bd, dang vidn nhu hipn tupng trung binh chu nghia, sao ciing mac kd, sao xong chuyen tM thdi, khdng phe binh, khdng titphd binh. Theo Ngubi, dd la thai do cua nhitng cin bd, dang vidn uon hfen, ye'u
(it. Nhung ding thbi. Hi Chf Minh ding Wn i n nhiing biiu hiin thd bao, ct^ doan dd'i vdi nhiing ngubi cd khuyit diim, sai lim. 'Bdi vdi nhiing ngudi c6 khuylt diim vi sai lim di, nhu idl vdi hd mang, thuing ludng. HQ dil hil phil dudi bgn kia ra khdi Bing ngay. Nfu khing lim nhu thi thl h^ cho ring: thii hing kit rill Bo ii hi) idm ra chdn ndn, thit vi/ng.
Hoic ht) khing ldm gl nda hit. Thim cklhi>bi Bing.
Di lithdldi cia nhiing ngudi mdy mdc qtuL Bi edng libinh'ehiquan"".
Trong quan n i ^ ciia Hi Chf Minh, t^phi binh vi phi binh chfnh li mOt nguyin tic co bin trong xiy d i ^ Ding, li quy luit vin ding phit triin cua Ding ta, ding thbi cfing li phuong phip tit nhi't di bii dudng, i^n luyin dii ngfl cin bo, ding viin ciia Ding.
VI viy, trong khi chl ta nbitaig yiu ciu CO bin vi mwc df ch, ding CO vi thii di tir phe Unh A phi Uiillil^gtdn cbn xic dinh T<l nii dung ^ phuong phip phi binh trti ttt phe binh. Nii dung 1^ phuong phip tit phi UtAiH phe binh trong tic ph&n "Siia dii Id'i lim viic* d ^ P li di'u hiiu n^ bit, in dim tfnh nhin Tin ato sic cua Hi CM Minh. Tning dd, ndi dung chfnh thi hiin IJiih nhin vin die dio, ridng cd cua Hi Chf Hinh trong tf phe binh vi phi UnhfrticphAn niy lh:')iMiU^i«c tdm, chll khing phii phi binh ngudC^. Boi vl, nhiing uu diim, khuyit diim, tfnh cich, phAn chi't cua mSi con ngubi, mil cin bd, ding viin ijii dupc bicld ra|
thdng qua hoat ding, thdng qua dng vide mi Imdml dam nhidm. Hon niia, du'cd thi thing qua vJ^UuitW kit qui cdng tic mdi cd thi dinh gii, phi Idnh c i r i ^ mitcichdtingdinvi chfnh x i c Do viy, theo Hi Chf Minh, tit ca nhiing viic lim sai trii, nhfing suyngbl lech lac, sai lim khuyit diim db dd li ctia ca nhin hay td* chtic, dit li ctia dang viin thubng hay l i can bi ci'p cao diu phai dupc phe binh mdt each kiin quyli vi "phii lip tiic sita chiia".
Tit nhidn, di dat dupc kit qui nhu trin, diiu cd y nghia then chdt theo Ho Chi Minh phai ludn ludn diing vi kheo dung cich phi binh". Ngubi chi rd:
"kheo" 0 diy la su kit hpp giua cac bien phip giao diic tir tren xud'ng duoi, tit ndi bd dang din ngoii xi hdi, nhimg trdn hit la stt gitip do, cam hda, thucliE^
B.Sad.tT.239.
3,10. Sad.tr. 2S2.
11 S*(.tr. 246.
12. StM.tr. 232.
NGmfiNCtTUGHfTNGHUBiiiC- LfiNIN,TUTU6NGH6 CHI MINH
luong tfim d l mpi ngubi vuon len tu khang dinh ndnh.
"Kheo" lfi su kdt hop giua ly trf va tinh cam, phai hieu can ke cac nhfin to khach quan, chu quan, phfii nghidm chinh, chfie chfin, phu trach ndi ed sach, mach cd ehimg. Phai phfi binh vdi tinh than thfinh khfi'n xfiy dung "tri bfinh cuu ngubi", chd phfi binh lung tung khdi^ chiu trach nhidm. Ndi each khac, cin cd phuong phap tu phd binh vfi phd binh khoa hpc vfi hidu qua nhung ed ly, cd tinh, phai trfin co so tinh thuong yfiu con ngubi vfi giai cfi'p. Ngubi nghiem khfic lfin an each xu ly khfing dting dfin trudc nhiing khuyfi't diim, thifi'u sdt cua t l chuc dang hay cua mSi can bfi, dang vifin. Hi Chf Minh cho rfing, khi cd ngubi mfic khuyfi't diem, sai llm khfing phfii ngay Ifip tuc dung
"dao to biia Idn", vfii vfing "chup mii" cho hp lfi "eo hpi chu nghia" rii di dfi'n canh cao, khai trir mpt each chu quan, ndng vfii. Trai lai, de ho nhfin ro khuyet die'm, sai lam va thanh tam sua chira, can phfii tiln hanh gifii thfch rfi rang, lam cho hp tu nhfin tha'y sai sdt cua minh de vui Ibng sua chiia. Dac bifit, Ngubi nhan manh, d l thuc Men vific tu phd binh va phd binh tro thfinh nln nd'p thubng xuyen, cd hidu qua phfii thuc sir phat huy manh mfi dfin chu trong Dang, d l sao cho can bfi, dang vifin tu giac phd binh minh
Ngudn: http//dantri.com.vn/
va manh dan phe binh cap trdn, phfi binh ding chf minh; qua dd se giiip cho trong Dfing cd nhilu sang kifi'n vfi tfip trung dupc t n tue. Nfi'u mat dfin ehu se khie'n cho "cdc ddng viin vd cdn b0 dd cd y kiin cung khdng ddm ndi, dd mudn phi binh cung sg, khdng ddm phi binh"^^. Dieu dd dfi dfin dfi'n hau qua: cfi'p trfin va cap dudi each bifit nhau, quin chung vdi Dfing xa rbi nhau. Trdn thi tuong cai gi cung tfi't dep. Dudi thi cai gi cung khdng dam ndi ro ra. Hon nira, mo rdng dfin chii ran la dip cho quan chung nhfin dfin thuc hifin vific giam sat, phe binh t l chiie dang, phfi binh can bp, dang vifin dupc diy du vfi tridt de. Vi vay. Ho Chf Minh yfiu clu can bfi, dang vifin vua phai dfin chu Ifing nghe y kifi'n phfi binh cua cfi'p dudi, cua quin chiing, vua phai "biit cdch phi binh sdng suit, khdn kheo,nhuchiiutdmgucmgchomoingudisoith&inh{ffig khuyit diim cda minh, di tif minh siia chda"^^.
Ngofii ra, Ngubi cbn ydu cau mSi can bd, dang vifin phai tien hanh tuphd binh va phd binh mdt each thubng xuydn, hdn tuc va kifin tri. "Mdi cdn b^, n^i ddng viin, mdi ngdy phdi tif kiim diim, tuphi binh, tusiia chOa nhu m6i ngdy phdi riia mdt Dugc nhu thi thi trong 13 Stfd.tr 243.
14. SA/,tr.244.
N(;illftN c i r u CHII NGHiA MAC - LftNIN.TU TUONG H6CHiMlNH
Ddng si khdng cd b^nh md Ddng si^ mgn/i khde vd cdnf^^. Neu khfing Ifim thubng xuyfin thl khuyfi't diim sd ngfiy cfing tich tu nhi^u Idn, lfin fit uu diim. Nhiing can bfi, dang vidn thofii hda bifi'n chfl't, tham 6, tham nhung, vi pham tueach dang vifin, nguyfin nhfln suy cho ciing lfi do khfing thubng xuyfin tpphfi binh vfi tifi'p thu phe binh. H6 Chf Minh dfi cfinh tinh nru khflng kifin quylt sun chiia khuyfi't difi'm cua chiing ta thl cung nhugifiu difi'm bfinh li'it tmng minh, khflng dfim ud'ng thudc de bfinh ngfiy cfing nflng them, nguy hilm dfi'n tfnh mfinh. Phat hifin cfing sdm, di^u tri bfinh cfing chong khoi; dibenh nfing rfit khd chiia, thflm chf cd khi khdng chiia nm,
Chfnh vific lua chpn each phd binh vfi tu phfi binh mang tinh kien quylt, tnet dl nhung mfim deo vk linh boat, nhfi't lfi viec sudung phuong phap phat huy dfln chu rong rfii vfi thuc chfi't trong tu phfi binh vfi phd binh de can bo, dang vien lu giiip minh vfi d6ng chi, dong ddl minh tiln bfl dfi the hien mpt each rfi net va sinh dfing tinh nhan van cao ca cua Ho Chi Minh.
Mac dil trong tofin bp tac pha'm "Sua doi Ifl'i lam viec", H6 Chf .Mmh khong diing chii "nhan vfin"de ndi len y tuong ciia minh, nhung suy ngam qua nhung cau van gian di, trong sang va siic tfch ciia Ngubi khi de cap den muc dich, dong eo, npi dung vfi phuong phap tu phe binh va phe binh, ve nhiing diing sai trong nhan thirc va thuc hanh tuphe binh, phe binh, cung nhu ve nhiing ibi chi dfin, khuyen bao cua Ngubi de lam tot viec tuphe binh va phe binh, v.v.. chiing ta thay toat len mot gia mot gia tn nhan vfin cao ca, sau sac va doc dao. Da 65 nam qua ke tir khi "Sua doi loi lam viec" ra dbi, loan bo npi dungva dScbiet la tu tutrng nhan van ciia Ho Chi Minh ve tu phe binh va phe binh trong tac pham van cbn nguyen gia tri va cdy nghia ihiji sucap thiet hien nay.
Quan tnetva thuc hien tu tuong Ho Chi .Minh ve tir phe binh va phe binh, trong suol qua trinh xay dung va hoat iJong. Dang ta luon coi trong tu phe binh va phe bmh. Dang ta khang dinh, tu phe binh va phe bmh la quy luat phat trien ciia Dang^ ia thuoc do trinh dp dan chu trong Dang va la y thuc trach nhiem cua Dang vdi nhan dan, la bien phap quan trong de giai quyet mau thuan trongnpibpdang.de giirviiTig va tang curmg ban chat giai cap cong nhan cua Dang. M vay, Dang da cd nhieu chi thi, nghi quyet, mir nhieu det smh hoat chinh tn sau rong,
dfl'y manh tif phfi binh vfi phfi binh trong toan dfing, di^u dd dfi gdp phfin quan trpng giiip cho Dang ed dii sue Ifinh dao each mang Vifit Nam di tir thing lpi nfiy din thing lpi khac, ed dii ban linh vupt qua nhiing thu thfich cam go, vung vfing chfeo Ifii con thuyfi'n cfich mang nudc nhfi.
Tuy nhidn, khfich quan danh gia vfi thing thfin nhin nhfin, hidn nay, nhfln thiic vd tuphe binh vfi phfi binh omot bfi phfin cfin bfi, dfing vifin va nhfin dfin cbn nhiing Ifich lac, tfic dfing nguy hai dd'n cfing tac xfiy dung Dang, xfly dung, ren luydn ddi ngii can bfi, dang vidn vfi md'i quan hfi dofin kit nfii bd, anh huong xfi'u dlnsutilnbficuacfinhfincungnhutfip the, vf nhir hirn tupng nfi tranh, ne nang, ngai va cham, trflng trutjc ngd sau, Ifim qua loa dai khai cho "cd vi", hiia thfo so ddng, dim y kien cfi'p trfin, dl hba vi quy; hofic khuynh hubng ca hoi. lpi dung phd binh de cong kfch, lam giam uy tin ciia nhiing ngubi minh khdng ua, keo be, kit canh, gfly mflt doan kei nfii bp, v v... Nhiing khuynh huimg va bieu hien dd dfiu Ifim mfit di y nghia dich thuc vfi gia tri nhan vfin trong tu phe binh va phe binh. Dd cung chinh la mot trong nhung nguyen nhfin giai thich tai sao trong thbi gian qua, hoat ddng tu phe binh va phe binh tuy duoc tien hanh thubng xuydn, rdng rfii nhung hieu qua thuc tfi chua cao. NhuNghi quyet Dai hpi XI cua Dang da tong ket: "Ndng hic Idnh dao va succhii'n ddu cua khong it to chik ddng cdn (hdp. tuphe binh la phi binh yiu'^^. Nghi quyet Trung uong 4 khda XI re 'M()i sdvdndicdp bach lexAy dung Ddng hi(n nay' tiep tuc nhan manh: "Cdf nguyen tdc t^p trung ddn chd, tuphi binh vd phe binh d nhiku nai cira bi budng idng trong thuc hiin, run chua du(jcqwj dinh cu tht^^.
De nang eao chfit lupng, hieu qua hoat dong tuphe binh va phe binh. dbi hoi moi can bd, dang vien luon quan triet \ ii tham nhuan quan diem cua Chii tich Ho Chl Minh ve tu phe binh va phe binh; trong dd, trudc het va chii y eu can nhan thuc sau sac, day du hon gia trj nhan \ an cao ca o muc di'ch, dong co, nfii dung va phuong phap tu phe binh. phe binh cua Ho Chf Minh trong tac pham "Sua doi loi lam viec".
^5.SddU 239
16, Oang Cdng san Vi^t Nam VSn ki4n Dai hdi dai biSu toin quoc lan thuXI, Nxb CTQG, H, 2011, Ir 174, 17 Ban Tuyen gido Trung i/cfng' T^i lieu hoc ISp Nghi quyit Hdi nghi tdn tha 4 Ban Chip hAnh Tmng uc/ng khda XI, Nxb CTQG, H, 2012, tr 21
