LUAT
NHLfNG DIEM MCfl VE GIAI QUYET TRANH CHAP GI0A NHA DAU TlJ NUTOfC NGOAI VA NHA NlJCfC TIEP NHAN
DAU TlT THEO MAU HIEP DINH DAU TlT SONG PHl/OfNG NAM 2015 CUA AN DO
» TRAN THI HONG NHUNG
TOM TAT:
Trong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te' quoc td', An Do cung nhif nhilu qud'c gia khde da phdi dd'i mat vdi ngay cang nhieu vu kien cua nha dau tu nu'dc ngoai di^a trdn cd sd cdc hidp dinh diu tif song phu'dng. De giai quyet va'n de do. An Do da thi^e hidn ehifOng trinh edi cdch hd thong cdc hiep dinh nay, mot trong so' cdc hoat dpng cua chu'dng trinh dd la cho ra ddi Mdu Hidp dinh dau td song phddng nam 2015. Bai vie't dddi day se trinh bay nhffng di^m mdi trongmauhidpdinhnay so vdi cac hiep dinh trddc do. Sd thay ddi nhif vay se cd y nghTa thdc tien cho cac nddc dang phat tri^n trdn con dddng xay ddng giai phdp cho giai quyd't loai hinh tranh chap nay, vda dam bao khdng can trd dau td quo'c te vda giup nha dau td nddc ngoai kiem soat cac rui ro phap ly phat sinh.
Tuf khoa: Dau tu, gidi quyd't tranh chd'p givla nha dau td nifdc ngoai va nha nddc tid'p nhan dau td. An Do, ISDS.
1. Bd'i canh ra dc^i M§u Hidp dinh d^u tufsong phu'dng nam 2015 cua An Do
Lien tuc trong vong hai thap ky gan day, An Do luon la nen kinh td' tang trddng manh va dddc xd'p vao nhdm bo'n quoc gia cd nen kinh te' mdi noi phdt trien nhd't the'gidi cung vdi Brazin, Nga va Trung Qud'c. Trdn da phdt trien nhd vay nen dd kid'n An Dp se trd thanh quo'c gia phdt trien vao nam 2020.
Cd nhieu nhan to khac nhau dong gdp cho sd thanh
cong eua qud'c gia Nam A nay, trong dd dae biet la hoat dpng dau td quoc le'. An Dd da dat difdc nhu'ng thanh qua ddng ke ve dau td quo'c td' trong bdc tranh dau tif quoc te'toan cau. Tuy nhien, trong bol canh d'y, nifdc nay gap phai trd ngai Idn la bi nhd dau id nddc ngoai (NDTNN) kien tai cd quan tai phdn quo'c td' theo cac hidp dinh dau td song phu'dng (BITs). So vdi cdc quoc gia dang phat trien khac, An Do dang la quoc gia bi NDTNN kidn nhieu nha't. Theo thong kd den hd't nam 2017 cua
UNCTAD', An Dp la mot hong 10 quo'c gia bi kidn nhieu nhd't vdi 24 vu-. Vu kidn giffa Cong ty White va An Dd bat dau nam 2010^ la mot trong nhu'ng tranh chd'p gida NDTNN va nha nddc tid'p nhan dau tif (NNTNDT) dien hinh nhat. Sd dac biet khdng chi the hidn bang vide day la mot phan quyet chong lai An Dd va ngbidng vd phia NDTNN ma do la hidn tifdng kien hang loat eua NDTNN dd'i vdi An Dp theo BITs ve nhu'ng bien phap difdc nddc nay thifc hien nhif ap dat hoan thue', buy bd ca'p phep, thu hoi gia'y phep vidn thdng..."' Tif day. An Dp da vda phdi thay ddi chinh sach dieu chinh nham thu hut dau tu" nifde ngoai, vifa phai khdi dpng chifdng trinh xem xet lai cac quy dinh trong BITs de giam thilu vide bi kidn gio'ng nhu" trddng hdp eua White^ Chinh sach eua An Dp ve giai quyd't tranh ehS'p giifa NNDTNN va NNTNDT (ISDS) difdc quy dinh khong chi trong cac BITs, ma con trong ede hidp dinh diu tu' da phddng (MAIs), cac hiep dinh thifdng mai tif do (FTAs). Trong dd, cae BITs chie'm chii yd'u, An Dp da ky kd't 84 BITs va 13 FTAs cd chddng dau tif*.
Do dd, trddc hd't chifdng trinh tap trung vao xay difng mdu BITs va difdc bat dau nam 2012. Bdn mau BIT dd dddc soan thao nam 2015, cd hidu life ngay 14/1/2016 (difdi day gpi la mdu BIT 2015).
Thifc te' trddc dd, An Dp cung da ban hanh mdu BIT 2003 nhdng mau nay co ndi dung tddng tif vdi BIT giffa An Dp va Vddng qude Anh, mot hidp dinh ciing thd' he vdi nhu'ng BITs difde NDTNN diing lam can cd trong ede vu kidn chong lai nifdc nay. Do dd, nhiTng chinh sda cua mdu BIT 2015 difdc danh gid chinh la nhiJng thay ddi dot pha hong chinh sdch ve ISDS. Sd thay ddi nay xua't phdt tif nguyen nhan can ban Id cam ke't ve ISDS, ndn npi dung dieu chinh nham hddng tdi vide bao vd An Dp khdi nhu'ng rui ro phdp ly cd the' phdt sinh khi NDTNN cd quyen kidn nifdc nay, dam bao SLf can bdng to'l hdn giiJa quyen va nghTa vu cua NDTNN vd An Do'. NhiJug diem mdi ehu yd'u cua mau BIT 2015 dd se dddc trinh bay cu the trong phan difdi day.
2. NOi dung nhifng diem mdi ve ISDS trong Mlu BIT 2015 cua An Dp
M^t Id thay ddi khdi nifm ddu tU Khdi niem dau tif la mot trong nhCng bd't ddng
Idn trong vu tranh chd'p giffa Cdng ty White va An Dp^. Nguyen nhan cua vd'n de la do cdc quy dinh trong BIT cho vu nay noi rieng va rd't nhi^u quy dinh tddng tif trong BITs khac ndi chung. Chinh vi vay, man BIT 2015 da xay ddng khai niem dau tif difa trdn ed sd doanh nghidp thay vi khai niem dau tif difa trdn yd'u to'tdi san nhdtrong mdu BIT 2003.
Dieu 1.4 mdu BIT 2015 quy dinh "D^u td nghia la mot doanh nghidp dddc thanh lap, td chdc va boat dpng bdi mot nha dau tdphii hdp vdi phap luat eda mot ben ..."
Trong khi dd, khdi nidm dau td theo mau BIT 2003 trddc do lai quy dinh difa tren ye'u td tai san.
Diem b Didu 1 mdu BITs 2003 quy dinh: " D^u td cd nghTa la moi loai tdi san dddc thie't lap hode dat difOc bao gom...". Khai niem dau tif nay da quy dinh vd moi loai tdi sdn sau dd lidtkd eu thd tijfng loai tai san dau td. Khai niem dau td difa trdn tai san tiem an nhieu rui ro nhd difdc hieu vd gidi thich theo nhieu nghia khde nhau. Ngoai ra, ed the ddn tdi khdng hieu thdng nha't ve dianh phln cua boat dpng dau td, mot sd khdi nidm trong BITs da mo td va chap nhdn cd nhu'ng hoat dpng dau td td'i diieu vd gian tid'p Hdu qua eua nhiJng khai nidm rpng nhif vdy la tham chi nha dau td ca nhan rieng le chi nam giii'0,01%ed phan trong cong ty cd boat dpng dau ttf trdn lanh thd ciia thanh vien Hidp dinh BIT ciing cd the khdi kidn NNTNDT ra trpng tai qudc td'. Dong thdi, hinh thdc cua dau tif gidn de'p cung khdng dddc dinh nghTa mdt each eu the se ddn tdi nhieu chu the ed quyen khdi kien NNTNDT. Vi du, tao cho chi nhanh cua NDTNN quyen khdi kidn NNTNDT khi thdc cha't hoat dpng dau tif cua chi nhanh difdc tid'n hanh trdn lanh thd ciia mdt nifdc khdng phdi thanh vidn hidp dinh nhidig do lap luan rang boat dong dau tu" co nguon gdc tif NDTNN cd tru sd d mpi nifdc didnh vidn hidp dinh^.
Td nhu'ng ban chd' tren, mudn giup cho An Dp giam nguy cd hi kien bdi cdc NDTNN thi each xdy dufng khai nidm dau tif difa trdn doanh nghidp cua Mdu BIT 2015 la td't yd'u va phii hdp vdi yeu cau thu hep pham vi cua hoat dpng bao hp, td dd loai trif difdc nhiing can cd phap ly de NDTNN khdi kien An Dp. Dieu nay, cdng difdc cho la giup lam can bang hdn nhu'ng Ipi thd' ma NDTNN tai An Dd dang cd difdc theo cdc BITs trddc dd.
LUAT
Hai Id lo^i trU nguyen tdc ddi xH toi hue qudc (MFN)
Mot trong nhifng diem mdi eua mdu BIT 2015 la loai bo nguydn tac MFN, nguydn tdc cd ban trong dau td qudc te. Sif thay ddi nay ed tinh lieh siJf bdi vi tri, vai tro chinh cua MFN khi dam bao nguyen tac khdng phan biet dd'i xd trong quan he dau tif qudc td'. Tuy nhien, ben canh u\i thd' vUpt trdi va y nghia eiia MFN trong tie'n trinh tif do hda diu tdqudc te', nguyen tac nay cung tiem an nguy cd rui ro phdp ly. Dddi gdc dp thi/e thi BITs thi MFN chinh la mdt nghTa vu phap ly ma cac qud'c gia thanh vien phai tuan thu. Vi vdy, thdc td' cua thu'dng mai ndi chung, dau tif ndi ridng, da co nhieu tranh chd'p xung quanh vide bdn kidn da cho rang ben bi kien da vi pham MFN, tao ra sif phdn bidt dd'i xd.
Trong bdi canh quyen khdi kien ciia NDTNN vdi NNTNDT dddc ghi nhdn thi MFN trd thdnh mdt thd quyen cd sdc manh tiem an cho NDTNN.
Pham vi quydn khdng chi trong chinh hidp dinh md nha nddc cd nha dau td va NNTNDT da ky ke't ma con trong cam kd't cua cae hidp dinh khde.
Dac bidt trong dieu kidn ke't hdp khai nidm dau tif difa tren tai sdn vdi MFN thi se cang tang quyen cho NDTNN. Chinh vi vay, neu khong tao ra mdt ranh gidi ro rang khi thoa ihudn ve MFN trong tat cd cdc dieu ifdc quo'c te' thi NNTNDT se khd kiem sodt kha nang bi kidn do NDTNN sd dung quyen MFN.
Trong cae BITs trddc cua An Dd, nguydn tac nay dddc ghi nhan vdi pham vi khong gidi han va sd dung nhieu thuat ngi? mang tinh trifu tddng. Rut kinh nghiem td thifc td' da bi ke't luan vi pham MFN va phai bdi thddng thiet hai. An Dp da khong ebon each kiem soat MFN bang cac bidn phap gidng nhd mdt sd nddc da thifc hien, ma loai trijf ludn nguydn tac nay khoi mSu BIT 2015.
Ba Id h^n chi'pham vi nguyin tdc doi xH qudc gia (NT)
Ngddc lai vdi MFN, NT vln difdc tid'p tuc ghi nhan trong mSu BIT mdi, nhdng cd nhffng dieu chinh nha't dinh. Theo Dieu 4 mau BIT 2015, cd hai diem mdi cua nguyen tac nay so vdi quy dinh trong BITs trddc do. Mot Id, gidi han pham vi dd'i tddng cua NT, khdng md rpng vide ap dung
nguydn tac nay cho cae giai doan thanh lap, mua ban, md rpng boat ddng "dau td" va Iddc bd cdc cum tff tao kha nang cho nha dau td din chid'u bd't ky mot du dai co Idi hdn nao trong cac hidp dinh khac. Hai Id, md rpng pham vi chu the, chinh phu cac bang cua An Dp, cung dffde coi nhd mot bdn chii the trong quan he vdi NDTNN. Dieu nay cd nghia hanh dpng cua chinh phu tifng Bang cung difdc dieu chinh bdi Hidp dinh.
Bdn Id gidi han nguyen tdc bdo ve va an ninh ddydu(FPS)
Theo mdu BIT 2015 nguyen tac bao ve va an ninh day du (FPS) da difdc gidi han, chi xoay quanh an ninh ve vat cha't (physical) cua NDTNN va hdn quan tdi boat dpng dau td. Nguydn tac nay da dffde quy dinh trong hau hd't ede BITs'" trddc dd, tuy nhidn gidng vdi FET, khdi nidm ve FPS khdng du'dc dinh nghia trong hidp dinh" ndn ddn tdi cd nhieu each giai thich va hieu khde nhau, khong chi trong pham vi dam bao an toan vdt ehd't, va bao vd dau tff nffde ngoai md eon dffde hieu theo nghia rdng bao gom ca dieu chinh va an ninh phap ly. Dong thdi,mau BIT 2015 cung loai bo yd'u to' thid'u rd rang, bd't Idi cho NNTNDT, Dilu 3.2 eua BITs ndy quy dinh FPS la "NghTa vu cua thanh vien ve dam bao an ninh vat chat cho nha dau tff va boat dpng dau tff dddc thdc hidn bdi nha dau tff cua phia ben kia va khdng bao gom bat ky nghTa vu nao khac", Quy dinh nay da giup han chd' td'i da sff tiiy tidn cua trpng tai va the hidn sff nhifdng bd eua bdo hd diu tdvdi quyen dieu chinh eua NNTNDT. Quy dinh nay cung ydu cau NNTND phai tuan thu nghTa vu dam bao an ninh ve vat chat cho hoat ddng dau tff nffde ngoai va song song vdi do Id dam bdo rang vide thong qua cac bidn phap dieu chinh, ma nhifng bien phdp nay cd the anh hffdng tdi boat ddng kinh doanh hoac moi tru'dng phap ly, khong the bi coi nhd vi pham FPS mac dii nhifng bien phap nhff vdy co thd rat nhay cam khi yeu edu theo nhifng quy dinh eiia BITs'-. Vdi nhiJng Idi ich nhd vdy nen lifa ehon thay ddi dieu khoan ndy va lay dd lam ly do de ehd'm ddt cdc BITs co quy dinh trdn Id hoan toan cd cd sd. Thifc td', thffc hien chinh sdch tren.
An Dp da cha'm ddt cac BITs ma deu cd dieu khoan FPS theo mlu BITs trddc do.
Nam Id loai bo nguyen tdc dot xiC cong bdng vd thoa ddng (FET)
Mlu BITs 2015 khong quy dinh ve FET, ma chi cd quy dinh ve "Ddi xff dau tff trong Dieu 3. Mdt phan ndi dung cua dieu ndy ca'm qud'c gia khoi viec phu thupc vao cac boat ddng diu iff nddc ngoai de thife hidn cac bidn phap din tdi vi pham thdng le quoc td' (IMS) bao gom: Tif chd'i cdng bang trong cd thu tuc tff phap va hanh chinh; Vi pham ed ban thu tuc hpp phdp; Phdn bidt dd'i xd ve nhffng vd'n de mang tinh dffdng nhien, khong the dieu chinh nhff gidi tinh, gio'ng noi hay niem tin tdn giao; Dd'i xu* mang tinh lam dung dffdng nhien nhff dp bdc, cffdng ep vd gdy rd'i'^.
Khac vdi quan diem xdy difng FET con nhieu diem tranh cai trffdc day vdi nghTa ra't rdng, npi dung thife sff dffde xde dinh bdng chu y cua trong tdi, khdng bi gidi han bdi cac nghTa vu trong IMS, la tidu chuan tff dpng, khong cd hffdng dan eu thd' ve npi dung'"*, quy dinh trong mau mdi nay quy dinh ve npi dung eiia IMS ma khdng can dan chieu tdi quy dinh FET. Dong thdi, quy dinh nhff vdy ciing the hien mong mud'n xda bo cupc each mang IMS. Quy dinh trong mdu BIT 2015 cdng da han chd' tdi da viec td y giai thich cdc thuat ngff hong Idi van cua hidp dinh nhff khai niem ve "yeu cau hdp phap"- mot khdi niem gdy tranh chd'p trong vu While, loai trif ludn vd'n de nay trong npi ham cua khai niem IMS. Quy dmh nhff vay chdng to mdu BIT 2015 nghidng ve phia ffu dai cho quyen life cua NNTNDT hdn.
Bang vide khdng de edp tdi FET trong mdu BIT 2015, An Dp da co the loai bd ede cac va'n de ban chd', ddng thdi vln xac dinh dffde ndi dung eua ede tidu chuan, cQng nhff khai nidm md rpng.
Ngoai ra, trong pham vi ddi xd dIu tff, mdu BIT 2015 bao gom quy dinh mdi ve khdng phan biet ddi xuf trong bdi thddng cdc thiet hai. NDTNN chi cd the xem xet viec bdi thffdng thiet hai mot each khdng phan bidt dd'i xff trong dieu kien nhff xung dot vu trang, tham hpa thidn nhien va tinh trang khd'n ca'p qudc gia.
Sau Id quy dinh ro han ve tudc doat quyin sd hSu
Mdu BIT 2015 quy dinh nha nffde khdng the qudc hm hoa hoac tffdc doat tai san mdt hoat dpng
dau tff hoac dp dung ca bien phap tffdng dffdng vdi tffdc doat tai san, loai trd "vdi ly do vi Idi ich cong cpng" vdi thu tuc hdp phdp vd dd trd cdc khoan bdi thddng tffdng dffdng. Nhffng Hidp dinh cung dffara nhffng midn trd. Theo mdu BIT 2015 ba'tky bien phdp nao dffde dp dat bdi ede ed quan tff phap nham muc dieh bao ve Idi ich cong cdng se dffde loai khoi pham vi cua tffdc doat tai sdn'\ Trong vu kien White cd ndi dung tranh chd'p ve tffdc doat quyen sd hdu theo Dieu 7 BIT giiJa An Dp va Uc khi Cdng ty While cho rang An Dp da tffdc doat boat dpng dau tff khi vien din phan quye't, hdp ddng va bao lanh ngdn hang bi tffdc doat. Cting vdi nhiJng khai nidm dau tff, quy dinh ndy nham khang dinh quyen khong bi trffdc doat va trffdng hdp loai trff vi Idi ich cdng cpng se gdp phan trdnh nhffng tranh chap phdc tap, day rui ro khdng can thie't nhff trong vu kidn trdn.
Bay Id quy dinh ve minh bach
Mdu BITs 2015 ydu elu Chinh phu vd cdc cd quan didu chinh phai ddm bao rang td't cd cdc ludt, quy dinh, trinh tif, thu tuc hanh chinh lidn quan ddn cdc vd'n de dffde dieu chinh bdi BITs dffde cdng bd hoac sdn sang cho nhifng ngffdi quan tdm de quen vdi nhffng quy dinh do. Su'a ddi nay chda difng nhieu ddi mdi ve tinh minh bach eua nha nffde, tao dieu kidn cho NDTNN tie'p can vdi phap ludt, chinh sach vd nhffng va'n de khde eua NNTNDT- trffdc khi quyd't dinh thffc hidn dau tff nffde ngodi.
Tdm Id dieu chinh ve thdm quyen vd dp dung cdc phUdng thdc gidi quyet tranh chd'p trong nUdc.
Bdn canh nhffng diem mdi quan trpng ve ndi dung nhff trdn, mlu BIT 2015 edn co nhieu dieu chinh dd'i vdi cac quy dinh ve ISDS nhd tham quyen, dp dung cdc phddng thffc hong nffde. Ve tham quydn, mdu BIT 2015 da han chd pham vi eua ISDS chi dd'i vdi cac tranh chd'p phat sinh tif vide vidn ddn vi pham nghia vu cua NNTNDT trong Chddng II cua BITs chff khdng phai bd't cff chffdng nao. Ddng thdi, ddi vdi cdc tranh chap phdt sinh tiJ vide vi pham nghTa vu quy dmh trong Dieu 9 (Nhdp canh va Iffu tru ctla ca nhdn) va Didu 10 (Minh bach) Cling bi loai trff ra khdi pham vi cua ISDS'^.
Dieu nay co nghTa, nha dau tff chi co the khdi kien An Do trong cdc trffdng hdp chdng minh dffde nddc nay vi pham cac nghTa vu trong dd'i xff dau tff
LUAT
(Treatment of Investment) theo Didu 3 ciia BITs.
Ngoai ra, tham quyen cua cd quan xet xd con hi gidi han bdi quy dinh loai trif cae tranh cha'p phat sinh do vi pham hdp ddng giiJa NDTNN vd NNTNDT'''. Quy dmh nay dffde cho Id ra't co y nghTa trong vide loai trff dieu khodn cai 6 ("Umbrella Clause ") vdi pham vi ra't rdng vd chung chung, cd die mang tdi cho NDTNN quyen dffde vidn dan bd't ky nghia vu nao khde, trong do bao gom ca cac nghTa vu iff hdp ddng, tdc la NDTNN co the khdi kidn NNTNDT ngay ca khi vi pham hdp ddng trong khi mue dieh chinh cua ISDS la de xff ly cdc vi pham trong hiep dinh''*. Ngoai ra, Khoan 5 Dieu 13 cua mau BIT 2015 con bd sung hai gidi han: Mdt la, cd quan xet xd se khdng dffde xem xet lai ndi dung quye't dinh cua cd quan tdphap d cac nffde thanh vidn. Hai la, khong cd tham quyen dd'i vdi cac ddn kidn thude ve trpng lai theo Chffdng V ve tranh chd'p giffa cac thanh vien hidp dinh.
Ve ap dung cdc bien phap trong nffde, de tranh vide bi kien thang ra cd quan tai phdn qud'c td', trong mau BITs nay ffu tidn cac phffdng thffc giai quye't Iranh cha'p trong nffde. Vdi mue dieh difa ra them dieu kidn cho NDTNN khdi kidn An Dd tai ed quan trpng tdi qud'c td', mdu BIT 2015 cho thd'y An Dd mud'n hffdng tdi viec dU lidn sd dung cdc
phffdng thffc giai quye't tranh cha'p Irong nffde trffdc khi dffa ra cdc cd quan tai phdn qud'c te' nhff trong tai. Dieu 15 mlu BIT 2015 quy dinh rang NDTNN phdi dp dung ede phffdng thffc giai quyd't tranh cha'p Irong nffde nhff dam phan, tham va'n trffdc khi khdi kidn NNTNDT ra Irong tai. Nhd dau Iff chi ed the sd dung cdc phffdng thffc d ngoai nffde sau nam nam ke tff khi da sd dung td't ca cdc phffdng thdc irong nffde. Cd the tha'y, nhffng thay ddi tren trong mdu BIT 2015 ve trpng tai da gdp phdn dap dng mong mud'n ban dau eiia An Dp la cac BITs trong tffdng lai se dam bao cho NNTNDT tan dung cac anh hffdng cd Idi nhieu hdn va duy tri sir kiem sodt hdn tdi thu tuc td tung trpng tai giiJa NDTNN vd NNTNDT so vdi ede vu da dffde giai quyd't trdn ed sd BITs the' he trffdc''-".
Tom lai, vdi nhffng npi dung thay ddi quan trpng ve ndi dung vd hinh thffc nhff khai nidm dau tff, cdc nguydn lac ed ban trong dau tff qudc te', ciing nhff cae quy dinh tham quyen va phffdng thffc ISDS, Mlu BITs 2015 da phan dnh rd nha't nhffng thay ddi chinh sdch nham phong ngffa va kiem soat ISDS.
Ddng thdi the hien phan nao md hinh cai each chinh sach ISDS ciia An Dp trong md'i tffdng quan so sanh vdi nhiJng md hinh cai cdch dang dffde cac qud'c gia khac trdn the' gidi dp dung hidn nay •
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN:
' United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Hdi nghi ve thuang mai vd phdt trien ciia Lien Hop Qudc -Xem htlp://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/ISDS/FillerByCountry. truy cap ngay 20/5/2018
•' Xem todn vdn phdn quyet ndy lai trang web: https://www.italaw.com/sites/default/files/case- documents/ita0906.pdf.
4,11.18 Pfahhash Ramjanm. Pushkar Anand. The 20J6 Model hidian Bilateral Investment Treaty: A Critical De- construction. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business. Tap 38, sd 1.
5,7, i. 9 Biswajit Dhar (2015), Indias Experience with BITs: High lights from Recent ISDS Cases, Investment Pol- icy Brief, So'3 ndm 2016.
^ Xem http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/llAJCountryBits/96 iialnnerMenu, truy cap ngay 30 thdng 4 ndm 2018
'" Xem Dieu 3.2 mdu BITs 2015.
' - Xem Sdd.
'^ Dieu 3.1 Mdu BIT2015.
'^Xem Bieu 5.] Mdu BIT2015.
'^ Xem Khodn 2 Dieu 13 Mdu BIT 2015.
" Xem Khodn 3 Dieu 13 Mdu BIT 2015.
'^ Robert G. Volterra & Giorgio Franceswco Mandeli. India and Brazil: Recent Steps Towards Host State Con- trol in the Investment Treaty Dispute Resolution Paradigirm. Tuyen tap 6, sd I.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Biswajit Dhar (2015). Indias Experience with BITs: Highlights from Recent ISDS Cases, Investment Policy Brief, So 3
2. Robert G. Volterra & Giorgio Francessco Mandeli, India and Brazil: Recent Steps Towards Host Stale Control in the Investment Treaty Dispute Resolution Paradigirm, Tuyen tap 6, sol.
3. Hiep dinh Thuang mai tudo Bac My (NAFTA)
4. Prabhash Ramjanm. Pushkar Anand. The 2016 Model Indian Bilateral Investment Treaty: A Critical Deconstruction. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, Tap 38, so I, ^
5. Phdn quyet ngay 30/11/2011 White Industries Australia Limited kiSn ConghoaAnDo, UNCITRAL 6. Federal Ministry for Economic Corporation and development. Developing countries and the fixture of the international investment regime, Nha xuat biinGIZ, trang 2,
7. Sumeet Kachwaha (2013), The White industries Australia Umited - India BIT Award: A Critical Assessment Tuyen tap 29, tap 2.
8. Model Text for the Indian Bilateral Investment Treaty. March 2015, tai trang web:
https://mygov.in/sites/default/files/master_image/Model%20Text%20for%20lhe%20Indian%20Bilaleral%20Imest ment%2ffTreaty
Ngaynhto bai: 10/8/2018
Ngay phan bien danh gia va sila chifa: 20/8/2018 Ngay cha'p n h | n dang bai: 30/8/2018 Thong tin tdc gid:
ThS. TRAN THI HONG NHUNG Khoa LuSt, Trilcing Dai hoc Kinh tS'Qud'c dSn
NEW FEATURES OF INDIAS BILATERAL INVESTMENT AGREEMENT SAMPLE 2015 ON RESOLVING DISPUTES
BETWEEN FOREIGN INVESTORS AND THE INVESTMENT RECEFVING COUNTRY
• TRAN THI HONG NHUNG Faculty of Law, National Economics University ABSTRACT:
In the context of international economic integration, India is lilce otiler countries wliich are facing more and more lawsuits related to bilateral investment agreements from foreign investors.
To slove this problem, India has implemented a program of reforming the system of these agreements. One activitie of diis program is the launch of Bilateral Investment Agreement Sample in 2015. This paper is to present the new features of this new agreegement sample compared to previous samples. The reform of agreement sample has practical implications for developing countries which attempt to find soultions to investment disputes to not just hinder international investment but also help foreign investors to contro their legal risks.
Keywords: Investment, resolving disputes between foreign investors and the investment receiving country, India, ISDS.
