Thifc tiln - Kinh nghiem
Nhuhg thach thufc trong phat trien .^
nang lifofng tai tao
O ThS. N G U Y I N MINH HUE Hg\ lien hiep Khoa hgc vi Ky thudt biin Vidt Nam
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an nang cao vigc tfng dgng cdng nghe vao phit triin nang lugng tii tgo.Gida stf phit triin vu bio cOa Cich mgng cdng nghidp 4.0, khdng ed ly gi Igi de ngdnh nang Itfgng tdi tgo Viet Nam dtfng ngodi, "chdng ta phai lam chu dtfgc cdng nghd", sddgng nang luang tdi tgo vi eie ngudn nang lugng mdi li xu htfdng khdng thi dao ngtfdc.
Nhidm vg phdt triin khoa hgc cdng nghd ntfdc ta phal di trtfdc mgt btfdc di chdng ta sdm lim ehu dugc cdng nghe cd khi chi tgo lin cdng nghd thid't ki, van hdnh di cd nin ning lUtfng phdt triin ben vtfng.
Nhufng nguon nang IUdng chUa tan dung
NUdc ta cd 2.773 dao ven bd, ndi tap trung nhieu d&o ven bd la khu vUc bien ven bd Quang Ninh - H&i Phdng (2.321 d&o) v& Kien Giang (143 dao). Rat nhilu dao Idn ven bd da cd ngudi sinh song, d&n cu tap trung kh& ldn. Va de gdp phan n&ng eao chat lUdng ddi sdng cho cU d&n tren d&o, neu phat huy dUdc tilm nang nang IUdng ven bien thi chdng ta ed the ddi hudng chuyin t&i dien tU dat liln ra d&o, th&nh chuyen dien td d&o vao dat lien, xda bd dupc viec bao eip trong san xuat dien td c&c nguon nang lupng truyin thdng 1&
nhiet dien va thuy dien.
Trude hit la nang IUdng gid: TU nam 2011, Cdng ty Cdng ly Ca Mau da xay dyng v& trien khai cac nh& m&y dien gid ven bien tai Bac Lieu, Sdc Tr&ng, Tra Vinh, Can Gid (Tp. Ho Chf Mmh) vdi mat dp 100 MW/5 km^, kho&ng c&ch gida c&c tudc bin gid true ddng 1,5 MW cao 80m, chilu d&i c&nh quat 42,5m.
Tong dien tich mat bien dy tinh gan 3.000 ha vdi cdng suat 600 MVJ.
SU chuydn ddng cCia khdng khi dudi sU chenh lech ap suit khf quyen tao ra gid, nen d&y cung I&
mpt nguon nang lUpng, nguon dien vd cung tan so vdi ddi sdng eon ngudi. Vdi uu diem la nguon nang lupng gid khdng bao gid can v& hoan to&n miln phi, nhdng m&y quay gid cung nhu nhdng e&nh dong m&y quay gid d& ra ddi. Logi hinh n&y cung khdng tgo ra chat th&i ONMT v& gan nhu rat thich hdp cho nhCfng khu vUc xa dd thi, ndi ma IUdi dien qud'e gia khd ed the vUdn tdi.
NSng IUdng mat trdi: NUdc ta cd bdc xg mat trdi v&o loai cao tren t h i gidi, vdi so gid n&ng dao ddng td 1.600-2.600 gid/nam, dac biet la khu vuc phia Nam. Ca nudc hien cd tren 100 tram quan tr&c to&n quoe d l theo ddi dd lieu ve n&ng IUdng mat trdi. Tinh trung binh toan qud'c thi bUe xg mat trdi dao dpng td 3,8-5,2 kWh/m^/ngay.
Tiem nang dien mat trdi 1& td't nhat 6 cac vung td ThUa Thien - Hue trd vao miln Nam (bdc xg dao ddng td 4,0-5,9 kWh/m^ngay). Cac d&o ven bd Viet Nam la ndi cd tiem
nSng n&ng lUpng mat trdi r&t phong phd, viec trien khai nang IUdng mat trdi tgi c&c dao thupe quan d&o TnJdng Sa dang la minh chdng cho viec sd dung thanh edng n&ng lupng mat trdi tren cac d&o.
Trong nhdng nam g i n d&y, sy tien bd nhanh chdng v l thiet bi edng nghe (pin mat trdi) din den gia thanh nang IUdng mat trdi thap, mang tfnh canh tranh cao v l kinh te dang lam cho nang lUdng nay, dac biet dien td pin mat trdi trd nen pho biln d c&c qude gia va Viet Nam.
Nang lUdng thCiy trieu: D l quay e&nh quat chgy m&y ph&t dien cd the sd dyng ddng thi!iy triiu len xuong, mpt dgng nang Iddng cd nguon nhien lieu vd tan va mien phi. Logi md hinh n&y khdng san sinh ra chat thai gay hgi mdi trudng v& khdng ddi hdi sd b&o tri cao. Kh&c vdi md hinh nang lupng mat trdi va nang lapng gid, nang IUdng thuy trieu kh& on djnh vi thCiy tneu trong ngay cd the dUdc du b&o chinh xac. Nhudc dilm cda loai nang lupng nay la ddi hdi mpt lapng dau tu ldn cho 4 0 Tai nguyen va Moi tru'dng | Ky 2-Thang 7/2019
thiet bj v& xay dung v& ding thdi lam thay doi dilu kidn tU nhien eua mdt dien tich rit rdng.
Nang IUdng sdng bien: L&
mdt dgng nang lUdng vd t&n, khdng tao chat th&i, khdng ddi hdi bao tri cao v& hoan to&n miln phi, song sdng biln gan nhu khdng the du do&n nen sU Id thupc cua logi md hinh nay vao ty nhien qua Idn. Ngoai ra, khdng phai ndi n&o cung thich hdp x&y dung md hinh nang lUdng nay. 6 Vidt Nam, van de nghien eUu v& sd dyng nang IUdng sdng bien chua dupe quan tam nhilu, nhung vdi cae hdn d&o vung ven biln, dien td sdng bien cd the trd thanh nguin nang lupng tiem n&ng v& vd t&n khi gi&
thanh dien td nguon n&ng IUdng nay mang tfnh cgnh tranh.
Thach thdc trong vdng 5 den 10 nam tdi
Hien nay, dang cd 4 th&ch thdc Idn, gim: Gi& dien dang ap dyng cho c&c dang n&ng lupng t&i tgo tUdng dii thap, chUa hap din c&cchCi diu tatham gia ph&t trien;
Toan bd thilt bj cdng nghe NLTT phai nhap khau nen day gia th&nh dien len cao; Thieu quy dat danh eho ph&t trien NLTT, ddn cd nhu dien mat trdi, can 1 ha de san xuit 1MW dien nen kha vudng trong viec x&y dyng eac dU &n ldn. Cuoi cung la van de nhan thdc cpng dong ve nang lUdng t&i tgo chua cao, chUa tao dUdc phong trao sd dung NLTT rdng Idn.
Nudc ta cung nhu c&c nUde kh&c tren the gidi dang nhan ra rang nang lUdng sach va cy the 1& nang lupng t&i tgo la tUdng lai cua nganh n&ng lUdng. Vidt Nam vdi toe dp tang trudng kinh te tU 6 - 7%/ n&m thi mde dp tang trudng r)hu cau nang IUdng se khoang td 10 - 11%/ n&m tU nay den nam 2030. Do vgy, Vidt Nam can ph&i cd c&c ngudn nang lupng bo sung va th&ch thdc dat ra 1& lam the
n&o de dap dng nhu c l u nang lupng dd vdi mdt ty trpng nang IUdng tai tao ngay cang tang.
Hien nay, thach thdc cua Viet Nam la l&m each nao de hap thu dupe ngudn nang IUdng tai tgo bo sung n&y vao he thong nang IUdng hien cd. Cy the, he thong ludi dien truyin t&i l&m the nao de quan ly dupe cac nguon dien khdng lidn tuc. Chang han nhu dien mat trdi chl san xuat vao thdi gian ban ngay hay dien gid ehl san xuat dUde khi ed gid thoi v&
l&m t h i nao de phoi hdp eac nguon dien dd vdi c&c he thong luu trd nang lupng. Hoac sd dung c&c nguin dien cd t h i huy dpng linh hoat td khi thien nhien de lam nguon dien chgy nen td nang IUdng tai tao v& l&m t h i n&o d l cd t h i truyin t&i nguon dien dd td ndi san xuat nhieu nang lupng mat trdi den ndi sd dyng. Nguyen nh&n Idn nhat c&n trd viec ph&t triln nang IUdng t&i tao tai Vidt Nam dd I& dau noi IUdi dien. Lam the nao de Viet Nam cd the qu&n ly c&c nguon dien thay doi lien tuc, qu&n ly he thong truyin t&i t h i n&o de dUa dien tdi ndi ed nhu cau. Day chfnh la ITnh vuc ma Viet Nam dang tim each huy ddng nguin vd'n tU nh&n, sd dung nguon von nay de xay dung mdt he thong ludi dien thdng minh dang cap the gidi cd kh& nang qu&n ly cac nguon dien khdng lidn tuc v& dua dien tdi ndi ed nhu cau.
V l hanh lang ph&p ly cua Viet Nam eho iTnh vUc nang IUdng t&i tao hien dang ph&t trien tUdng doi td't. Quy hoach phat trien dien 8 se dupc cdng bo trong thdi gian tdi; trong dd, se cd c&c giai phap de dua vao sd dung va tang cudng sd dung n&ng lupng tai tgo ben egnh nguon n&ng IUdng tU thijy dien va khi thien nhien. Quy hoach nay cung d l cap d i n vide tham gia thj trUdng nang lUdng
ban budn, dau gi&, huy ddng von td khu vUc tu nhan, quan hd cdng tu trong ITnh vye x&y dung mang ludi truyin tai. Tat ca cac quy djnh n&y deu td't, nhUng thach thdc la Viet Nam phai tim c&ch vCfa d&m b&o an ninh nang lUdng, vUa thu hut dUdc vdn dau tu de dap dng nhu cau n&ng lupng trong tUdng lai.
Tang cUdng hdp tac qu6c te Viet Nam nen tan dung kiln thdc trong nude v& hpe tap, b l sung kiln thde td eac kinh nghiem quoc t l . Bd Cdng ThUdng cd vai trd chinh trong viec dUa nhdng kinh nghiem quoc te v&
kien thUc ky thuat td't nhat d l hd trd viec xSy dung Quy hoach ph&t trien dien 8. Trong quy hoach nay, Bd Cdng ThUdng se sda d i l c&c budc thyc hien de b&o d&m cd ngudn dien da dang va hieu qua trade nam 2030.
ThUc t l cho thay, nudc ta khdng khd khan khi thu hut dau tUv&o san xuat nang lupng t&i tgo vi nadc ta dupe trdi phu cho e&e nguon t&i nguyen nang IUdng t&i tao doi d&o. Th&ch thUc chu y l u I& l&m t h i nao de cd nguin vdn dau tu cho cude "each mang"
nang IUdng tai tgo , trong khi v&n phai b&o dam tinh to&n ven va on djnh cija he thong va duy tri an ninh nang lupng.
Do vay, can cap trung huy dpng c&c nguon lUc trong nUdc de phat then nang lupng t&i tao, k i t hdp vdi nhap khau mot sd khf thien nhien va nguon khf thien nhien trong nudc de bo sung ngudn nang lupng eho tUdng lai.
Ngoai ra, Viet Nam cd nang lupng hda thach rat ldn giup cho su ph&t trien va tang trudng trong 20 - 30 nam qua. Dieu can thilt la x&y dung mpt he thong nang lUdng t&i tao manh dUdc bo sung bdi n&ng IUdng hda thgch de dap dng nhu eau dien trong tUdng lai.B Toi nguyen va Moi trtpong | Ky 2 - Thiing 7/2019 4 ^
