MOT SO GIAI PHAP
HOAN THIEN QUAN LY NHA Nl/(5C DOI VCfl N0 XAU CUA HE THONG NGAN HANG THl/CfNG MAI TAI VIET NAM
• PHAM PHU THAI
T 6 M I.XT:
Bai vie't phan tich. d^nh gid vai tro cua Ngan hang Nhil nu'3c(NHNN) trong quan ly ni^xa'u cua he thong ngSn hing thifdng mai (NHTM) tai Vi6t Nam. Tren cti scl ket qua nghien cihi v4 thifc trang no xii'u va quan ly ciia NHNN doi vdi ncf xa'u cua he tho'ng NHNN Viet Nam, ldc gii de xuii'l cac nhom giai phap doi vdi NHNN. Nhom giai phdp tap trung vao 4 vS'n d^: (1) moi trifdng phap ly ve hoal dong tin dung va quan ly nd xa'u cQa NHNN. (2) Id' chiJc thi/c hi^n qudn ly cua NHNN do'i vdi nd xa'u cua he iho'ng NHNN Viet Nam, (3) kiem ira, gidm sdt hoat dpng tin dung vi no xau cila cdc NHNN. va (4) xu"ly vi pham cua NHNN khi cd nd xa'u vdcfi ngU'dng trong boat dong tin dung.
Tif khoa: Quan ly nha nu'dc. nd xa'u. ngan hang thu'dng mai, h6 thong ngan hJing thifdng mai, Viet Nam.
1. Mo" dflu
Trong boi canh lhi irifdng tiii chinh md rong nhif hiC-n nay. he iho'ng NHTM Viel Nam dang cbuyen niinb trong xu the' loan cau hda. Giii'a dp life canh iranb tren con difdng hoi nhap. hoat dpng tin dung cua cic NHTM luon du'de md rgng va phal irien.
luy nhien van de rui ro tin dung, nd xa'u van chu'a ibifc Slf difdc kiem sodt va xif ly hieu qua. Nhan thli'c difdc lam qiuii trpng nay. boat dpng quan ly nd xau cua NHNN du'de chu irong bang dau.
TiJ- nam 2012. NHNN da cd nhu'ng dinh hu'dng va giai phap cu the iheo lo trinh cho hoal dong quan ly nd x.i'u. Nhit vay. nd xa'u cua he iho'ng NHTM \'iei Nam da dan difdc kiem soal. Tuy nhien. lin dung lii boat ddny ihu'dng nhiil ciia cac NIITM. dodd nd xa'u ludn ion lai vii co xu hu'dng lang manh gay anh hifdng de'n loin nganh.
\u;il phdi ti^ thifc le do. lac gia ihifc hien nghien cifu cdc giai phdp hoan thien quan ly nha
nddc do'i vdi nd xa'u ciia he thong NHTM lai Vi^l Nam. Muc dich nhim he ihd'ng hoa, md rdng them CO sd ly lugn va thUc trang ve quan ly cua NHNN dd'i vdi np xa'u cua he thong NHTM Viet Nam, lif dd de xua't giai phap nang cao hieu qua quan i^
cua NHNN do'i vdi nd xa'u ciia he ibo'ng NHTM Viel Nam.
2. Tong quan nghi&n ctfu ve quan ly nha nifdc do'i vdi nd xS'u cua NHTM
Nd xa'u la mot trong nhiJng va'n de chinh yeu ma cac ngan hang lien tuc phai dd'i mat. Nd xau trong hoat dpng tin dung cua NHNN phat sinh do cac nguyen nhan sau (Beck va cac cpng suf, 2013):
Tbd nhdt, cac ye'u to' khiieh quan cua m6i iru'dng xung quanh: Mni irifdng ihien nbien nhif Ihien lai. boa hoan. bao lyt....; moi trifdng phap ly; Slf ye'u kem irong hoal dpng kinh doanh ciia khach hang; dao ddc khach hang (.Ngu\en L^
Nguyen Dung, 2019).
120 So 7-Thdng 4/2020
KINH IE
Tlui bai, cdc yeu to' kinh te vi mo: Theo Fisber (1933), irong giai doan md rpng ciia nen kinh le, nd xa'u rat it khi x3y ra. Nhdng de'n thdi ky bimg no tiS'p theo, khi tin dung du'de md rpng va ap dung cdc khdeh hing cd chat Iifdng tha'p, tinh trang nd xS'u gia tang cho den khi giai doan suy thoai kinh le dien ra.
Thdba, nguyen nhan chii quan: Sif tang irifdng nhanh chdng ciia cdc khodn cho vay (Sinkey va Greenwali. 1991); Iai .sua't cao (Rajan va Zingales.
2003); cac dieu khoan tin dung de dai (Waweni va Kalini, 2009).
Quan ly nhi mfdc do'i vdi nd xa'u tai cac NHNN li Slf ldc dpng cd to chdc. mang tinh quyen life cong Clia NHNN va cac cti quan irong bd mdy ciia NHNN, ihong qua he ihd'ng phap lual va chfnh .sdch d^ dieu chinh cdc hinh vi vi quy trinh tin dgng cua NHNN, nhSm muc tieu ddm bao an toan.
hi0u qud vi phdt irien ben vffng ciia he tho'ng ngan hing. Trong dd, nha nddc tbifc thi cac bien phdp nh^m phong ngifa vi ban che' sd phat sinh cua nd xau cung nhif cdc bien phdp xii' ly nd xa'u de cac NHNN lang doanh thu, gidm chi phi vi nang cao hi?u qud boat dpng ciia minh.
Hoat dpng qudn I;? nd xa'u cua Nha nddc bao g6m: Nhan di6n nd xa'u, cdc bien phap phdng ngtfa n0 xa'u va xiJ" Iy nd xa'u, trong dd bao gom cdc bien phap thu h6i nd xa'u phdt sinh de cdc NHNN boat dOng an toin. hidu qua vi ben viJng. Van de quan irong nha't trong hoal dpng quan ly nd xa'u la tie'n hinh cdc bien phdp han che nd xa'u phdtsinh, bdi khi nd xa'u gia tang, sif phat trien cua nen kinh le.
ciia ca he tho'ng tii chinh se bi dnh hifdng. Tuy vio ddc dig'm ngdn hang d mdi quo'c gia ma cd nhij'ng nio hinh qudn ly nd xau khac nhau, nhifng theo Ghosh (2015), quan ly nd xa'u la mpl qua trinh phai difdc thifc hien Hen tuc lhi hoal dpng tin dung ciia cdc NHNN mdi cd the dam bao dddc .sif an toin, hi^u qud va phal trien ben vffng.
Quan ly cila Nha nifdc dd'i vdi nd xa'u ciia NHNN can ihie't khach quan xua't phdt iff 4 ye'u lo sau:
Tbd nbd't. xua't phdt tii'chffc nang chung ciia Nhi nddc: Trong nen kinh te thj trffdng, Nha nddc khdng chi dong vai trd bdo ve cho nen kinh te mi cdn phai Iham gia vio qud trinh dieu tiet cac nganh vi ITnh vifc de dat dffdc muc tieu phdt trien da de ra. Sff phdt irid'n eiia nen kinh le toin cau, qud innh hoi nhap cd tam dnh hffcfng sau rpng vi ldc dpng ldn den dinh hffdng chinh tri \a phdp ly ciia mdi nddc.
Thd hai, xua't phdt tff vai trd quan trong ciia NHNN trong nen kinh le'- Sff on dinh ciia he thd'ng NHNN chinb la cd sd de mpt nen kinh le cd the phat trien ben vffng. Cupc kbiing hoang tii chinh lien le nam 1997 bay khung hodng kmh le'toan cau nam 2008 da cho tha> boat dpng cua h& tho'ng NHNN da tac dong de'n nen kinh te nhff lhe nao. VI vay. viec quan ly nd xa'u ihong qua NHNN ciia Nha nffdc phai dffdc \a> dffng va irien khai mot cdch diing din. khoa hpc. phii bdp vdi ihffc liln Clia nen kinh te (Zhu Ning. Wang Bing va Wu Yanrui. 2015).
Thd ba, xua't phal iff dac diem hoat dpng kinh doanh: So vdi cac loai hinh kinh doanh khac. hoal dpng ctia NHNN cd dp riii ro cao hdn vi cd dnh hffdng ldn. mang linh da\ chuyen dd'i vdi nen kinh te'. Vi the. boat dong cua cac ngan hing thffdng dffdc dieu chinh vi kiem sodt chat che ihdng qua nhffng dao luat rieng biet de dam bdo sff van hinh an toan vi hieu qua cua boat dpng nay.
Tlni IU, xua't phat tff vai trd qudn ly vTmo ve lii chinh ngan hang ciia Nha nffdc: Nhi nffdc sff dung he Ihd'ng tai chinh tien te li cdng cu trong qudn \^
nen kinh te 6 mffc do vi mo nen cd lhe ndi he tho'ng ngan hing li huye'l mach ciia nen kinh te. Sff phdt trien hay tri tre cua he iho'ng ngan hang se ty le thuan vdi sff phat trien kinb le'ciia da't nffdc. Nha nffdc can qudn ly boat dpng tin dung va np xa'u ctia cac NHNN thong qua NHNN de ddm bao sff phat trien on dinh va lanh manh ciia lhi trffdng lien te (Rose. 2004).
Thd ndm. xua'l phal tff yeu cau can phai ddm bdo hieu qua quan ly ciia NHNN dd'i vdi nd xa'u cua he Iho'ng NHNN, viec ban hanh vi soan thao trinb cdc ca'p ban hanh van ban phdp lual ve qudn ly nd xa'u tai Viel Nam can dffdc chd trpng. Dieu niy nham dam bdo mpt mdi irffdng phap ly phti hdp cho boat dpng iin dung cua NHNN cung nhff boat dpng id chffc kiem tra. giam sdt vi xff ly nd xa'u cua cac NHNN Viet Nam. Trong dd, viec ban hanh cdc van bdn phdp luat lien quan den chuan mffc nd xau trong boat dpng tin dung cua NHNN Viet Nam la rat can thiel.
3. Thffc trang nd xa'u cua he tho'ng ng5n hang thffdng mai Vi$t Nam
Nd xa'u hien nay cd xu hffdng tang cao d mot so NHNN. lim anh hffdng den lang trffdng lin dung cua nen kinh te va lam gidm lai sua't cho
\ay Theo so' lieu ibd'ng ke iff bao cdo tai chinh quy 1/2019 cua cac NHNN cho tha'y, de'n he't quy
So 7-Tha r^g 4/2020 121
1/2019. long sd nd xa'u npi bang ffdc linh li 84.200 i\ dong. tang so vdi diem dau nam. Nhin cbung so NHTM cd nd xa'u lang vdn chie'm i>
irpng cao. cd tdi 15 Irong 22 ngan hang cd nd xau tuyet dd'i tang. Bffc iranh ve tinh hinh nd xa'u ciia cdc NHNN Viet Nam cd the nhin qua tieu chi ly le nd xa'u tren td'ng dff nd ha\ cdn dffdc gpi la ty Ic nd xa'u cua Ngan hang Nha nffdc giai doan 2010-2018 (Hinh i).
dai ban. mffedd du \on. minh bach hda boat dOng ciia ngan bing.
De ddm bao sff an toin, chdt che trong hogt dpng ctia cac NHTM. NHNN da I5p \a thffc hi?n cdc de an cd cau \ i kiem sodi nd xSu d cic NHTM, dffdc chia lam 2 giai doan chinh 2011- 2015 va 2016-2020. Trffdc linb hinh nd xau gla tang sau cuoc khiing hoang tii chinh the gidi nam 2008. NHNN thffc hien De an "Cdcau lai h^ thong Hinh 1: Tdng np xd'u cOa he thd'ng NHTM Viet Nam giai dogn 2010-2016
(EXSn vj: ty VND)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
^ " Tone np xau (ty ddng) —•- Ty le np xau
Nguchi: Ngdn hdng Nha nUdc {2010 • 2018) Vai trd ciia NHNN ve quan ly nha nffdc dd'i vdi
nd \au Clia he thd'ng NHTM the hien qua \iec NHNN xay dffng khudn kho phdp ly do'i vdi sff boat ddng cdc NHTM d Viet Nam. NHNN da chii iri soan thao. xa\' dffng. bd sung \a sii'a ddi cdc khuon khd phap 1\' ve dieu chinh td chffc va boat ddng Clia cdc NHNN. cac id chdc tin dungde irinh len cdc cap cd iha'm quyen.
Ke tff nam 1990 den na) da co rat nhieu van ban quy pham phap luat quy dinh chi lie'l. hffdng dan Ihffc bien chinh sdch. phdp luat ve lien le trong nginh ngan hang. Lual NHNN Viet Nam \ a Lual Cac id chffc tin dung (TCTDi tao cti sd phdp Iy de NHNN nang cao irdch nhiem. tham quyen va sff chii dpng irong viec quan 1\. gidm sal an toin hoat ddng ciia cdc NHTM
NHNN da ban hanh he ihd'ng cac quy dinh trong boat dpng cua be ihd'ng ngan hang bao gdm quan 1>' riii ro. phan loai nd. trich lap dff phdng nii ro. qu\ dinh ve l\ le dam bao an toin. l\ le su"
dung ngudn vdn nga'n ban de cho vay trung ban.
td chffc tin dung giai doan 2011-2015" ban hanh theo Quye'l dinh sd254/QD-TTg. Khi thffc hien de dn nay, phia NHNN da danh gid iai thffc trang nd xa'u Clia h& thd'ng ngan hang, xay dffng vi de irinh len Thii tffdng Chinh phu ban hinh Quye'l djnh 843/2013/QD-TTg ngiy 31/5/2013 ve phe duyel De dn "Xd ly nd xa'u cua he ihd'ng cdc TCTD" va De an "Thanh lap Cdng ty Quan ly Tii san ciia cac TCTD Viet Nam (VAMC)".
Ve phia Nha nffdc. NHNN chi dao vi kiem sodl chai che hoal dpng ciia cdc NHTM vi cac TCTD, bao gdm: Cdc ndi dung kiem sodt tang trffdng tin dung vi nang cao chat Iffdng tin dung; hoan thifin cdc van ban phap ly bo ird cho qua trinh ddnh gid:
kiem ira, kiem soal va xff ly nd xa'u: trich loai vi sff dung dff phong rui ro hieu qua nha't. Nhddd cac NHMT hoal dpng an loan hdn vi thtic day xuf 1^
nd xau hieu qua hdn.
Khudn khd phdp ly ve mua ban. xff ly nd xau thupc pham vi quan ly ciia NHNN gom: Thff nh^I.
ban hinh cdc v3n biin quy dinh ve ihanh lap, cd
122 So 7 - T h a n g 4/2020
KINH IE
cau id chffc \ a boat ddng ciia VAMC; Thff hai, ban hinh quy djnh nidi \ c mua. ban ndcua cdc TCTD:
Thff ba. phdi hdp vdi cdc bd. nganh ban hanh cdc viin bdn quy dinh ve boat dong xff ly nd xa'u, tai sdn bao dam cua TCTD va VAMC.
Giai doan lie'p ibeo. De an "Cd ca'u be lai thd'ng TCTD gdn vdi xff li nd xa'u giai doan 2016-2020"
ddefc ban hinh kem dieo Quye'l dinh sd 1058/QD- TTg. d de dn na\. NHNN yeu cau cac NHTM ra sodl lai toin bp thffc trang nd xa'u, hffdng dan cong ldc thu giff tai sdn dffdc xdc dinh theo cdc quy dinh lai Nghi quye'l 42; thanh lap Ban chi dao, cdc td cong tac xii'ly ndxa'u vi ban hanh van ban chi dao Clic ddn vi.
NHTM cd irdch nhiem phd bie'n, hffdng dan, iflp hud'n npi dung Nghi quye't cho can bo tff Hpi sd den cdc chi nhdnh trong loan he thd'ng. Cac NHTM pho'i hdp vdi VAMC, cac ddn vi lien quan, chinh quyen cdc ca'p de iranh tbii sff chi dao, bd Ird trong qud Irinh xff ly nd xa'u: iruyen thdng de'n khach hdng dang cd ndxa'u theo Nghf quye'l so'42 hieu rd quyen ldi hdp phdp ciia TCTD cung nhff trdch nhi^m ird nd ctia khach hang.
Ben canh dd, cdc ngan hing tich cifc don ddc, yeu c^u khdch hang tra np. van dung linh boat cdc gidi phdp hd ird de xff ly tai sdn ddm bdo cd hieu qua. Dung ihdi, NHNN liep luc yeu c^u cdc TCTD phan loai nd, trich lap dif phdng rtii ro theo quy djnh vi liing cffdng cflng ldc quan ly riii ro, nang cao niing Iffc qudn in dieu hanh, kiem soal npi bd dc ph6ng ngffa, kie'm soal nhdm ban che td'i da nd xd'u nidi phdt sinh va dinh ky bdo cdo NHNN tinh hinh xff ly nd xa'u Ihco Nghi quye'l 42
NHNN cung chi dtio NHNN chi nhdnh linh.
thanh phd'yeu cau cdc chi nhdnh TCTD tren dia bin chap hinh nghiem tuc quy dinh ctia phdp luat vc ca'p lin dung, bao dam tien vay, cac quy dinh an loan trong hoal ddng. Cdc TCTD phai cd van ban cdnh bdo nd xa'u dd'i vdi cdc QTDND cd nei xau vffdt mffc cho phep; ddng thdi thanh tra. giam sal cong tde lin dung, phan loai nd, irich lap dff phiing nii ro, xff ly thu boi np. phal hien vi xff ly kip ilidi cac TCTD vi cd nhan cd hinh vi vi pham nhhm ndng cao cha't Iffdng tin dung.
Dd'i vdi \'.AMC. NHNN giao nhi6ni vu hoan Ihien \ icc sffa ddi va ban hanh cdc van ban hffdng dan nghiep vu phu hdp \di cac quy dinh mdi; ky ihoa thuan hdp tac, phd'i bdp vdi mot soTCTD (6 TCTD: .Agribank. BIDV. Vietinbank. ACB, Sacombank. Techcombank. khdng bao gdm he
ihdng QTDND) thi diem trien khai da'y manh xff ly nd xa'u Iheo Nghi quyel 42: hoan thien phffdng dn mua nd xa'u theo gia dii trddng. phd'i hpp chdt che vdi cdc cd quan cd tham quyen va khdch hang vay de hoin ihien tbii tuc. hd sd phdp ly \ i de nghi dffdc dp dung ihij tucnilgpn trong giai quyet tranh cha'p ve nghia \u giao \ i xff 1>' TSBD; ddnh gia ibffc irang cdc khoan nd. np xau vi tii sdn dam bao cbo cac khodn nd xa'u da mua de xdc dinh khd nang thu bdi nd. tff dd. cd bien phap xff ly phti hdp;
tich effc lim kiem cdc dd'i idc mua nd dd'i vdi cdc khoan nd da ban cho V.A.MC va dffdc VAMC uv quyen ban nd.
De gidm sdt. kiem sodl nd xa'u ciia c,\c NHTM.
NHNN cdn chu trpng xay dffng. id chffc bd mdy qudn ly ddi vdi hoal dpng NHTM d Viel Nam, pbdl trien dpi ngii can bp, cdng chffc cd irinh do chuyen mdn nghiep vu cao. dap ffng dffdc cdc yeu cau va nhiem vu trong cdng ldc ciia NHNN trong viec dieu tra, ddnh gid nd xa'u ciia NHTM. NHNN hien nay cdn sff dung cdc cdng cu cbinh sdch lien te de kiem sodl nd xa'u. de phdng riii ro dd'i vdi cdc NHTM bing cdc cdng cu nhff, dff irif bdt bupc, ldi ca'p vo'n, gdp phan ddm bao he ihd'ng NHTM hoal dpng an loin.
Ngoii ra. cdng tac ihanh tra, gidm sdi cdc NHTM trong ITnh vffc nd xa'u vdn dffdc NHNN thffc hien Iheo dinh ki. Hoal ddng thanh ira. gidm sdt ciia NHNN dffdc quy dinh trong Luat NHNN nam 2010. Td chffc bp may ihanh tranh gidm sat dffdc cd ca'u nham nang cao nang life boat dpng. NHNN thffc hien giam sdi tff xa dffa iren cd sd nd bang cdc ndi dung: dien bie'n cd ca'u tii sdn Nd va Co, cha't Iffdng tii sdn cd, vd'n iffcd. tinh hinh thu nhap, viec ihifc hien cdc lv le dam bdo an loin trong hoat ddng. Bupc cdc NHTM phai ihffc hien chuan mffc qud'c te ve dam bao an toin trong hoai dpng ngan hang. Cdc chua'n mffc qud'c te Basel I. II dang dffdc dp dung lai nhieu NHTM hien nay de quan tri rui ro td'i hdn.
4. Giai phap de xua't
Tren cd sd ke'i qua nghien cffu dinh Iffdng, lac gia de xua't mdt sd giai phap vdi NHNN Viet Nam, gdm:
Tbd nbd't, gidi phap xa\ dffng va hoan ihien khung phdp ly cho boat ddng cua cdc NHTM vi quan ly cua NHNN NHNN can chu trpng lap Irung viec \a> dffng va hoin thien khung phap ly vd hoal dpng NHTM theo chuan mffc vi ihong le qud'c te.
phu hdp vdi dieu kien thffc tidn Viel Nam. Day li
So 7 - T h a n g 4/2020 123
mdl trong cdc nhan id quan trong de thiic da>. hd trp licb effc cho boat ddng ciia NHTM phdt trien dn dinh. an loan vi ben vffng.
Thd bai, gidi phdp day nhanh lien do tdi cau tnic NHTM Quanly ciia .NHNN ddi \di hoat dpng Clia cdc NHTM se kem hieu qua. ne'u qud trinh tdi cau true he Iho'ng ngan hang keo dii. Qud trinh tdi ca'u true he Ihd'ng ngan hang bao gdm cdc hoat dpng nhff: Gidi the mot so'ngan hang \eu kem:
tien hanh sap nhap mgt so ngan hang ye'u \ a o ngan hang khoe manh; ciing cd' td chffc vi hoat dpng ctia cdc ngan hing cdn lai trong he thdng.
Tlui ba. giai phdp tap trung. xff ly nd xa'u dd'i vdi cdc NHTM. Theodd. can lap trung xff h'. giai quye'l difdc cd ban van de nd xa'u ciia cdc NHTM.
iff do se khdi thdng dffdc ddng lin dung, dn dinh tinh thanh khoan toin he thd'ng. gdp phan nang cao hieu qua quan 1\' cua NHNN ddi \di boat ddng ciia cdc NHTM.
Tlniiu, giai phdp ve xff ly sd hffu cheo trong he Ihd'ng cdc NHTM. NHNN can cd ddnh gid dj\ du vc tinb hinh sd hffu cheo trong he thd'ng NHTM.
Iff dd ri sodt lai cdc quy dmh phdp ly de lien hanh sffa ddi, bd sung boac xay dffng ban binh mdi cdc quy dinh de kiem sodl, ban cbe. ngan ngffa cdc idc dong lieu cifc ctia sd hffu cheo dd'i vdi NHTM.
Tlui ndm, gidi phdp hoan thien cd che thanh ira, gidm sal dd'i vdi boat ddng NHTM. Hoan thien khudn khd phdp ly Ii6n quan de'n thanh tra.
gidm sdi NHTM: Can chu trong viec xay dffng va ban hanh kip thdi cac van ban hffdng dan ve thanh tra, gidm sat NHTM. \i day la mpl irong nhffng lien de quan trpng gdp phan nang cao hieu qud cdng lac ihanb tra, giam sai. He thd'ng phdp luat ndi chung, cdc van ban phdp luai, cd che' chinh sich lien quan de'n hoat dpng thanh tra, giam sat ngan hing ndi neng can dffdc ban binh da_\ dti. ddng bp. phii bdp vdi thffc lien, dffdc hffdng dan trien khai thffc hien kip thdi; tranh chdng cheo trong ap dung. Ddc biel cdc vdn ban phap lual lien quan de'n \iec xff ly cdc hinh vi \i
pham phdp luat. cdc idi pham kinh ic lien quan den boat ddng ngan hang.
Can kha'c phue \a trdnh tinh trang nhff inMc day, khi luat bet bieu life nhffng vin ban hffdng dSn luat van cdn bieu lffc. Cdc quy dinh khde nhau trong nguySn ldc dp dung lual chuyen nginh, nhd't li cdc quy dmh con chung chung do stj" dung td ngif trong cac quy dinh ctia lual. Cdn khdng it vin ban phap luat lien quan den boat dpng ngan hing ci3 quy dinh cu the ve quyen. nghia \u. nhffng chifa cd quy dinh ve che tai xff 1\'. dan den vii^c g;i\
nhieu tranh cai \ i khd khdncbocdng tde thanh tra, gidm sdt..
Thd sdu, ddi mdi cdche chi dao dieu hanh hogl ddng thanh tra, kiem Ira va giain sdi ngan hing, Dong bp va thdng nha'l edng tde qudn ly mang linh he Iho'ng iff trung ffdng de'n dia phffdng vi iao sif Iffdng thich vdi xu hffdng qudn tri rui ro lap trung cua cac NHTM hien nay. Xua'l pbdl iff Ihffc l^', ccf che cbi dao dieu hanh hoal ddng kiem tra gidm sdi nd xa'u cua NHNN hien nay tdp irung d NHNN cap irung ffdng. Dieu nay dan de'n mpt so' vu vi^c vi pham ve quan ly nd xa'u khdng dffdc pbdl hi^n xu^
ly kip thdi. NHNN can phan rd tracb nhi$m gdn vdi tffng vi tri dam nhiem irong he thd'ng cd quan thanh ira tff trung ffdng ldi dia phffdng.
5. Kd't lu$n
Nghien cffu phan lich hoal ddng qudn ly ciia NHNN dd'i vdi nd xd'u ctia he ihd'ng NHNN Viet Nam. Tac gia da phan tich thffc trang nd xau va quan ly ciia NHNN ddi vdi nd xa'u ciia he tho'ng NHNN Viet Nam hien nay. Tren cd sd do, ldc gid de xua't cdc nhdm giai phap dd'i vdi NHNN lap irung vao gidi quyel 4 va'n de, bao gdm: (1) ni6i irffdng phap ly ve boat dpng tin dung vi qudn IJ nd xa'u cua NHNN, (2) to chffc Ihffc hien qudn Iy cua NHNN ddi vdi nd xa'u cua he ihdng NHNN Vi6l Nam, (3) kiem tra. gidm sal hoal dpng lin dung vi nd xa'u ctia cac NHNN, va (4) xff ly vi pham ciia NHNN khi cd vdi nd xa'u vffdt ngffdng trong hoal dpng tin dung •
TAIMKL THAM KH.\0
I. Beck Roland, Jakubik Peir, Piloiu Anamaria i20l5i "Key Deierminanls of Non-performing Loans: New Evidence from a Global Sample." Open Economies Revien. Springer, vol. 2613). pages525-550, Julv.
2 Doan PhifOngThao, Ta Nhiil Linh (2014). "N\( xau he ihdng njian hang ihffdng mai Viei Nam Thffc Irang vJi Jinh hffdng gidi phap". Kinh f(''(.t Phdt trien. sd207llli. ilidng 09 ndm 2014. tr. 6I-6.S
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KINH TE
3. Fisher 1. (1933) 'The Debl-Detlaiion Theory of Great Depressions." Eccmometrica. 114): 337-57.
4. Ohiish Amit (2015). "Banking-induslry specific and regional economic determinants of non-performing loans:
l:\ iilcnce frum IS sUlcs", Jcnimal of Financial Stability. Volume 20. Pages 93-104.
.S. NLiflnhini; Nlia nffdc VieiNam {20\Q -1Q>\^), Bdo cdo thudng nien cua \ gem hdng Nhd nudc \U'i \'ani glai doan 2010-20ItS. Ngan hing Nha mfdc Viel Nam.
6. Nguyen Le N\:uyen Dung (2019). "Thifc Irang xff !> nO xa'u gan vdi lai cdcau cac id chffc tin dung d Viel Nam vi mOlsddc xual". Tgp chi Khoa hoc & Ddo tgo Ngan hdng. So 200+ 201- Thing I &2.2019.
7. Uajun Raghurum G . Zingales Luigi (2003), "The Great Reveraals: The Politics of Financial Developmenl in lhe Twenuelh Cenmry ". Journcd of Financial Economics, 69( 1): 5-50.
8. Rose Peler S (2004). Qucin tri Ngdn hdng thUcfng /««((sdch dich). NXB Tiii chinh. Ha Noi.
9. Sinkcs Joseph F. Greenwali Mary B. {1991). "Loan-Loss Experience and Risk-Taking Behvior ai Large Commercial Banks". Journal of Financial Services Research. 5:43-59.
10. Waweru N.M.. Kalani V. M. (2009), "Commercial banking crises in Kcn\a causes and remedies", African JcHiivaloj .Iccounting, Economic Economics, Finance and banking research, 4i 4 j 12-.i2
11. Zhu Ning. Wang Bing, Wu Yanrui (2015), "Produciiviiy, efficiency, and non-performing loans in lhe Chinese banking industry". The Social Science Journal, Volume 52, Issue 4, Pages 468-480.
Ngay nh0n bai: 16/3/2020
Ng^y phan bi^n danh gia va su^a chCfa: 26/3/2020 Ngay cha'p nhSn diing bai: 6/4/2020 Tlu'mg (in Idc gid:
ThS. PHAM PHU THAI
Khoa Tai chi'nh - Kfi'toan, Trffdng Dai hpc D6ng A
SOME SOLUTIONS TO PERFECTING THE STATE MANAGEMENT OVER THE NON-PERFORMING LOANS OF VIETNAM'S
COMMERCIAL BANKING SYSTEM
• Master, PHAM PHU TAI
Faculty of Finance - Accounting, Dong A University ABSTRACT:
This study analyzes and assesses the role of the State Bank of Vielnam (SBV) in managing non-performing loans of commercial banking s\stem in Vietnam. Based on the analyses, this sludy proposes some solutions to the SBV to help the central bank improve its efficiency in managing non-performing loans of Vietnam's commercial banking system. The.se soludon focuses on 4 following issues (1) the legal environment for the credit operations and non-performing loans managemeni of the SBV. (2) the perform of the SBVs non-perform ing loans management, (3) the inspection and supervision on credit activities of commercial banks and (41 the \ iolalion solving of lhe SBV when the non-performing loans of commercial banks exceed the limit.
Keywords: State management, non-performing loans, commercial bank, commercial banking system, Vietnam.
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