KINH TE
PHAT TRIEN CONG NGHIEP
d VUNG KINH TE TRONG DIEM BAG BO:
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> TO HIEN THA - NGUYEN hCfU TIEP
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Viing kinh te trong diem (KTTD) Bac Bg Vi6t Nam la vijng cd vi tri quan trpng trong sif nghiep phdt trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Viet Nam. Trong thdi gian qua, cdng nghiep trong Viing bu'dc dau da dat du'dc nhiJug ket qua dang khich le. Tuy nhien, so vdi tiem nang, Idi the, vai trd ddng li/c cua Viing va quan diem phat trien ben viJng thi nhiing ke't qua tren cdn chifa d^p iJng du'dc y6u c^u. Biii vi^t phan tich thifc trang, de xua't giai phap nham dam bao cho ng^nh Cdng nghiep viing KTTD Bac Bo phat trien ben vtJng.
TU khoa: Phdt triin cdng nghi8p, viing kinh te trong diim, Bac B6, phdt triln ben vCng.
1. ThtJfc trgng phat trign cOng nghiep viing KTTD Bac Bp
Nganh cong nghiep cua viing KTTD la dau tau tang tru'dng kinh te, vdi td'c dp tang nhanh hdn han so vdi 2 khu vifc dich vu va ndng, lam, thiiy san va cd ddng gdp Idn cho tang tru'dng toan Viing trong giai doan 2001-2010.
Td'c dp tang gia tri san xua't cdng nghiep (GO) cua viing KTTD Bac Bo giai doan 2001-2010 dat binh quan 17,2%/nam, difng thu' hai trong sd' cac viing KTTD, gap l,141ansovdi tocdo tangcuaca nu'dc. Ty trong trong GDP cua cdng nghiep tang ttf 37,1% nam 2000 len 42,2% nam 2005 va dat 45,5% nam 2010. Toe do tang tnfdng GO trong giai doan 2001-2010 cua VTnh Phuc, Bac Ninh va Hu'ng Yen dat gia tri cao nha't trong so' 7 dia phu'dng cua Viing (Ian lu^dt la 21,4%; 25,2%; va 22,2%),
Cd ca'u san pham cong nghiep cua viing KTTD Bac Bp da cd bu'dc chuyen dich tich cifc, mdt sd' ITnh vu'c VLfdt trdi so cac viing khdc, gia tri san xua't cdng nghiep va xua't khau cua cac doanh nghiep
trong cac khu cdng nghiep, khu che xuat tang tru'dng manh. Trong giai doan 2001-2010, nhu'ng nganh cdng nghiep ddng gdp, tao ra nhieu gid tri gia tang cho Viing la lap rdp d td - xe may, det may, than, dien, thtfc an gia siic, rtfdu - bia - ihuo'c Id va xi mang. Nhflng nganh cong nghiep cao, cdng nghe sach difdc dinh htfdng neu tren mdi cd SLf hinh thanh phdt tnen ban dau di ciing vdi viec thu hut dtfdc cdc tap doan Idn tren the gidi va sif phdt trien cua cac khu cong nghiep (KCN).
Cdng nghiep ndng thdn phat tnen manh, nha't la cac lang nghe truyen thd'ng, hien nay toan vung cd tren 500 lang nghe, chig'm gan 1/3 so' lang nghe cua ca ntfdc, tap trung vao cac loai hinh san xua't che bie'n ndng san thifc pham, det nhudm, giay da, tdi che'chat thai, san xua't hang may tre dan, sdn mai, do go, san xua't vat lieu xay du'ng, cd kim khi, go'm stf,.. Tren dia ban mot sd' dia phu'dng trong Vung da hinh thanh cdc cum cdng nghiep cd quy md vtfa va nho do uy ban nhan dan ca'p tinh thanh lap.
TAP GHJ CONG THIftfNG
Tinh den cud'i thdng 6/2011, viing KTTD Bac Bp cd 54 KCN du'dc thanh lap, chiem 20% KCN trong ca nifdc vdi tdng dien tich da't tif nhien la 13.670 ha, trong do dien tich dat cdng nghiep co the cho thue dat tren 8.055 ha, chiem 60% tong dien tich da't ttf nhien va da cho thue 3.503 ha, ty le lap day KCN la 44%. Tinh rieng cac KCN da thanh lap, ty le lap day da't cong nghiep cd the cho thue dat tren 65%, Dien tich trung binh mdt KCN viing KTTD Bac Bp la khoang 230 ha/KCN.
Hinh 1: So lUdng vd dien tich cac KCN cua vung KTTD B6c bp thdi ky 2001 - 2010
Nguon: Vu Quan ly cdc Khu kmh te. Bo Ke hoach vd Dau iu(20l 1) Cdc KCN vung KTTD Bac bd da thu hut dtfdc
861 dif an cd vd'n dau tif nUdc ngoai vdi td'ng vd'n dau tu'dang ky 15 038 trieu USD, chiem 26,5% ca ntfdc; ga'p 15 Ian viing KTTD mien Trung, bang 40,5% cua viing KTTD phia Nam va gap 70 Ian viing KTTD ddng bang song Ctfu long. Tong vd'n dau ttf da thtfc hien dat hdn 6.000 trieu USD, bang 42% tdng vo'n dau tu dang ky, cao hdn mtfc binh quan cua ca ntfdc la khoang 38%. Tdng vo'n dau ttf thifc hien trong thdi gian qua tai
cac KCN viing KTTD Bac Bd chiem 28% ca ntfdc, gap 3,2 Ian vimg KTTD mien Trung, bang 19,6% cua viing KTTD phia Nam va gap 21 Ian vung KTTD Dong bang sdng Ctfu Long,
Thdi ky 2001-2010 la giai doan vung KTTD Bac Bp ndi rieng va ca nifdc ndi chung thu hut dtfdc nhieu vd'n diu ttf dac biet la vd'n dau ttf ntfdc ngoai vao KCN. So vdi nam 2001, cac KCN viing KTTD Bac Bo nam 2010 da tang 16 Ian ve so'
dtf an FDI; 25 Ian ve vd'n FBI dang ky, 191 laii ve so dirdn dau ttf trong nu'dc; 282 Ian ve vd'n dau ttf trdng ntfdc dangky. Ty sua't dau ttf vd'n dau ttf cac dif an FDI/ ha da't cdng nghidp da cho thue dat 2,55 trieu USD (ttfdng dtfdng 50 ty dong). Vung KTTD Bac Bp cd ty sua't dau ttf trung binh cua cdc dtf an FDI/ha da't cdng nghiep da cho thue la 3,29 trieu USD ttfdng du'dng vung KTTD phia Nam. Day ciing la viing cd ty le tao cdng an viec lam/1 ha da't cdng nghiep da cho thue la 83 lao dpng/ha, cao hdn mtfc trung binh cua ca ntfdc la 77 lao dong/ha gan bang viing KTTD phia Nam [1]. (Hinh 2).
Trong 6 thang dau nam 2011, doanh thu cua cdc KCN trdng vung KTTD Bac Bd dat hdn 7.200 trieu USD, chiem khoang 35%
tdng doanh thu cac KCN ca ntfdc.
Gid tri xua't khau cua cac doanh nghiep KCN trong viing dat khoang 4300 trieu USD (chiem 40% tdng gia tri xuli't khau cua cac KCN ca ntfdc). Gid tn nhap khau cua cac doanh nghiep KCN trong vung dat khoang 3.700 tneu USD, c^c ddanh nghiep KCN trong viing nop ngan sach khoang 213 trieu USD (chiem 44% so vdi tdng so' nop ngan sach ciia cac KCN ca ntfdc). Tinh de'n thdng 6/2011, cac KCN viing KTTD Bac B6 da giai quyet viec lam cho khoang 380.000 lao dpng trtfc tie'p va 500.000 lao dpng thdi vu,
Ciing vdi dung vd'n dau ttf nifdc ngoai dau ttf vao cdc dy an san xua't, kinh doanh trong KCN, Hinh 2: Tinh ttinh thu hut dau tU vdo cac KCN vung KTTD Bdc bp
Ngudn: Vu Quan ly cdc Khu kmh te. Bd Ke hoach v
38 So 5-Thdng 4/2019
KINH TE
cac nha d^u ttf cung dtfa vao viing KTTD Bac Bp nhffng day chuyen san xua't vdi cong nghe tien tig'n, hien dai. Trong dd, dac biet phai ke de'n nhiJng dtf an cdng nghiep ky thuat cao vdi II doanh nghiep deu tap trung d KCN viang KTTD Bac Bp vdi tdng vdn dau tif hdn 1 ty USD (phan Idn cua NhSt Ban) nhtf Cdng ty TNHH Canon Viet Nam, Mabuchi Motor,.,, nhffng linh vu'c ma chung ta cdn ye'u kem va can khuyen khich phat trien nhtf cdkhi chinh xac, dien ttf.,. Cac diYdndau ttf nifdc ngoai vao KCN khdng nhffng gdp phan nang cao ham Itfdng cdng nghe trong san phim cua cdc doanh nghiep KCN ma cdn qua md'i quan he hdp tdc dau ttf vdi nifdc ngoai, vi the va stfc ha'p dan dau tif cua Viet Nam tren trtfdng qud'c te' dtfdc cai thien va gdp phan day manh md'i quan he hdp tdc quo'c te va khu vifc.
Ben canh cac thanh ttfu quan trong neu tren, phat trien cdng nghiep d VKTTD Bac Bp cdn mot so' ton tai sau:
Thii nha't, chtfa cd nhffng dot phat trong tang trtfdng cdng nghiep vung KTTD Bac Bd. Mac du trong cac nam qua, cdng nghiSp viing KTTD Bac Bp dat dtfdc mtfc tang trtfdng cao, tuy nhien vdi vai tro la viing dong life phdt trien cua ca mien Bac va ca ntfdc, thi tang trtfcfng cdng nghiep ciia viing KTTD Bac Bp van cdn ban che. Td'c do tang GO cdng nghiep cua viing cdn thap hdn so vdi toe dp tang GO binh quan cua toan vung ddng bdng song Hong trong giai doan 2001-2010 (17,6%), Ty trpng GO cdng nghiep theo gid hien hanh nam 2010 cua vung KTTD Bac Bd mdi chi chiem 21,7% ciia toan qud'c, trong khi ty le nay cua vung KTTD phia Nam la 54,5%.
Thii hai, trinh dp cong nghe trong cdc cd s3 san xud't cong nghiep van lac hau, gay 6 nhilm. Cung vdi qua tnnh hinh thanh va phdt tnen ciia nganh cong nghiep cua ca nu'dc trong gan ba thap ni6n nam doi mdi, cd ca'u cdng nghe trong san xua't cdng nghiep ciia viing KTTD Bac Bd da cd nhieu thay ddi theo htfdng ttfng btfdc tie'p can trinh do cdng nghe tien tien, hien dai. De'n nay, trong Vung da hinh thanh mot c0 ca'u cdng nghe da dang ve xua't xff va trinh do, dan xen trong tffng doanh nghiep, tffng ITnh vtfc va ttfng chuyen nganh san xua't cdng nghiep. Tuy nhien, td'c d6 ddi mdi cdng nghe con thap, khdng dong deu va khdng cd dinh hifdng phdt trien rd ret. Sd' cdng nghe mdi tff cac nffdc cdng nghiep phdt trien cdn it, chu ye'u ttf Lien
Xd cu, cdc ntfdc Ddng Au,_Malaysia, Dai Loan, Han Qud'c, Trung Quo'c, An Do... nhieu doanh nghiep trong Viing da phai nhap ca thie't bi cdng nghe da qua stf dung. Stf chenh lech ve trinh dp cdng nghe giffa cac khu vtfc kinh te da hoc Id rd, cdng nghe tien tien tap trung chii ye'u d cdc lien doanh, doanh nghiep 100% vo'n nffdc ngoai, cdc doanh nghiep trong khu che xua't, khu cdng nghiep, Nhin chung, trinh do cong nghe san xua't cua nganh cdng nghiep vung KTTD Bdc Bd (khong ke cdc doanh nghiep cd vd'n dau tu ntfdc ngoai) so vdi cdc nu'dc cdng nghiep phdt tridn cdn lac hau tff 2 de'n 3 the he; ty le cdng nghe lac hau va trung binh chiem 60-70%, cdng ngh© ti^n tie'n va hien dai khoang 30-40%, phan dnh chung d mtfc trung binh.
Thii ba, cdng nghiep vung KTTD Bac Bp van phdt trien theo chieu rdng, dtfa chu ye'u vao stf ddng gdp cua ye'u to' vdn.
Hinh 3: E>6ngg6p cua cac yeu to ddu vdo cho tang tn/6ng
Ca niPffc Cac Vung Vung VKTTD KTTD BB KTID
RieNam
Nguon Vien Chien Ittcfc phdi trien. Bo Ke hoach vd Dau !U Theo SO lieu cua cdc dia phu'dng, td'c do tang GDP cua toan viing KTTD Bdc Bd thdi ky 2001- 2010 dat 12,0%, trong dd, cdng nghiep trd thanh nganh cd ty trpng Idn nha't, chiem 45,5% nam 2010. Ddng gdp vao sir tang trifdng do, yS'u td' vo'n chie'm 51,2%. TFP va lao ddng chiem Ian Itfdt 23,2% va 25,6% Giai doan 2000-2008, vung KTTD Bac Bd da danh tren 50% vd'n dau tu cho san xua't cdng nghiep. Dieu nay cho tha'y rdng, cong nghiep vung KTTD Bac Bp van phat trien theo chieu rdng, phu thudc nhieu vao vo'n dau tu.
Thd tu, ty trong cdc nganh che bie'n sau van cdn d mtfc tha'p, kha nang canh tranh con ban che', cong nghiep hd trd chtfa phat trien.
Ngoai viec thiet bi ciia mot sd' ITnh vtfc nhtf bifu chinh viSn thong, san xua't hang dien ttf ti6u dung, san xua't dien, xi mang, mot sd' nganh thtfc pham va hang tieu dung dat trinh do tu'dng dd'i kha, viec phdt
lAP CHi CONG IHIfONG
tnen khoa hpc, cong nghe trong ndng nghiep, thuy san cdn rat han che; Cac nganh cong nghiep cong nghe cao chtfa cd nhieu, ty trpng chie'm khoang 20,6% (trong khi dd Thai Lan 31%, Singapore 73%, Malaysia 51%); Kha ndng canh tranh cua nganh cdng nghiep cdn yeu so vdi cac ntfdc trong khu vtfc, Theo ddnh gid cua JETRO (2003), ti le noi dia hda cua cdc nha san xua't Nhat Ban tai Viet Nam chi la 22,6%, trong khi ty le nay d Malaysia va Thai Lan la 45%. Dieu nay cho thay nganh Cdng nghiep hd trd ciia Viet Nam ndi chung, vung KTTD Bac Bo ndi rieng van kem phat trien (Ohno, 2006). Theo Trdn Van Tho (2005), cdng nghiep hd trd cua Viet Nam qud ye'u, cdc san pham cong nghiep hd trd ciia doanh nghiep nha ntfdc san xuat phan Idn la san pha'm CO chat Itfdng thap va gia thanh cao (do cdng nghe lac hau va quan ly kem,..), trong khi khu vtfc ttf nhan va ho gia dinh ca the lai ban che ve vd'n va cdng nghe. Cac doanh nghidp FDI mudn tang ty le not dia hda de giam gid thanh san xuat nhiftig khdng tim dtfdc ngudn cung cap cong nghiep phu trd dang tm cay nen hp van chu yeu van phai nhap khau hnh phu kien ttf ntfdc ngoai hoac ttf san xua't. Hau hdt cdc cdng ty dien ttf cd tam c3 qud'c te dang dau tU san xuat kinh doanh tai vung KTTD Bdc Bd deu cho rdng rat khd khan trong viec tim kiem cac nha hen ke't va mdt hang hd trd trong ntfdc. Cdng ty Fujitsu Viet phai nhap khau 100% linh kien phu tung va nguyen vat heu ttf nUdc ngoai; Cdng ty Panasonic Viet Nam, Cdng ty Sanyo Viet Nam chi mua dtfdc thiing cactong, xdp chen ttf cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam. Cdng ty Canon, mac dii da dau ttf hang tram trieu USD xay difng cdc nha may san xua't hnh kien d Ha Npi, Bac Ninh cung khdng tim dtfdc nha cung cap linh kien Viet Nam, Hdn 30 nha cung cap hnh kien, phu tiing khac cbo Canon la cdc doanh nghiep FDI. Cdng ty Canon da khao sdt hdn 20 doanh nghiep san xua't dc vft trong ntfdc, nhifng khdng the tim dtfdc loai 6'c vit dat yeu can. Cdng ty xe may Honda Vinh Phiic mac dii cd ty le npi dia hda cao nha't (khoang 66% nam 2002) song vai trd ciia doanh nghiep npi dia cua Viet Nam van rat nhd va hau nhif hnh kien do tif ho san xua't hoac mua tff cdc doanh nghiep FDI khdc [ 1 ].
Thii ndm. stf gia tang qua nhanh, thieu quy hoach phdt trien cac KCN. Cdng tdc quy hoach cdc KCN cdn nhieu diem khdng hdp ly, nhtf viec bd' tri cac KCN gan dffdng giao thdng, khoang cdch qud gan khu dan cff, do do d nhiSm trong KCN d§
dang gay anh hu'dng de'n moi trffdng xung quanh.
Ben canh do, nhan thffc ve viec bao ve moi trtfdng trong cac KCN cua chinh quyen cdc dia phtfdng chtfa cao, chtfa danh gid diing mtfc ve va'n de mdi trtfdng vdi phdt trien ben vffng. Cac KCN ciia viing KTTD Bac Bp da phan la KCN da nganh, cdc doc td trong ntfdc dtfdc thai ra ttf cac nha may nay cung da dang ddi hdi cdng nghe cua cac tram xtfly nu'dc thai nay phai cd kha nang xff ly nhieu loai chat doc khdc nhau nen tai mot so' KCN, chat lu'dng cong trinh xtf ly ntfdc thai vdn chtfa dap ffng du:dc,
2. Mot s6' giai phap chii yeu phat triS'n ben vii"ng c6ng nghi&p d vung KTTD B^c B6
Mot la, lien ke't ddo tao nguon nhan luc chat luang cao phuc vu nhu cdu lao dong trong cong nghiep cua Viing.
Thtfc trang hien nay, ngudn nhan Itfc vung KTTD Bac Bd chtfa dtfdc chuan bi ttfdng xtfng vdi yeu cau phdt tridn cdng nghiep trong Viing. Nganh Giao due chu'a chu dong gan ke't quy hoach phat trien toan viing; chtfa dtf bdo dtfdc yeu cau lao dpng ciia cdc vung trong dai ban. Do do, trong thdi gian tdi, viec quy hoach, didu chinh he tho'ng mang lu'di gido due gan lien vdi quy hoach KT-XH va qui hoach phdt trien cdng nghiep ciia Vung va ttfng dia phtfdng la rat can thie't.
The' manh ciia vung KTTD Bac Bd la cd h6 thd'ng cac trtfdng dai hpc, cao dang va day nghe khd Idn, nhifng trong thdi gian qua viec hdp tac giffa cdc nha khda hpc ciia trtfdng vdi cac dia phtfdng thtfdng mang tinh ttf phdt, chu yeu di^a tren quan he ca nhan, thie'u mot dau md'i that sif ddng vai trd dinh htfdng va hen ket hong dao tao va boat ddng khoa hpc - cong nghe cho ca hai phia Cdc tinh cdn chtfa chu ddng "ddt hang" cho cdc trifdng dai hpc va vien nghien ctfu. Do vay, ben canh viec qui hoach, dtf bao nhu cau ngudn nhan Itfc, dau ttf xay dffng cac trung tam dao tao cho ca viing KTTD Bac Bd, nganh Gido diic can cd ke hoach day manh giao due - dao tao nham nang cao trinh dp vdn hda, trinh do chuyen mdn ky thuat, hinh thanh dpi ngu doanh nhan gidi. Dong thdi, can nghien ctfu hinh thanh trung tam khoa hpc va chuyen giao cdng nghe tam cd quo'c gia tren dia ban Vung.
Nganh can thtfdng xuyen phd'i hdp vdi cdc dia phffdng trong Viing td chtfc cac hdi thao, hpi nghi ban ve tinh hinh thtfc te va nhu cau ciia dja phifdng nhdm gdn nhu cau thffc tien vdi hoat ddng dao tao va nghien cffu.
40 So 5-Thdng 4/2019
KINH IE
Hai la, thiic day hoat dgng khoa hoc cdng nghe, hinh thdnh he thdng vudn uom cong nghe vd phdt trien cong nghiep ho trg.
Tiep nhan cdng nghe hien dai ttf nifdc ngoai la chu trtfdng chinh sach chii yeu thtfc hien tff nay den ndm 2020. Ddy la htfdng quan trong nhS't hien nay de ddi mdi va nang tim trinh dp cdng nghe cua cac doanh nghiep cdng nghiep trong nffdc. Ngoai cdchechinhsachthuanldicho tie'n trinh tie'p nhan chuyen giao nay la nhtfng chinh sach hd trd tdi da cho qud trinh nam bat nhanh, lam chii va sang tao cdng nghe, nhif nhffng bien phdp u^dai ve thue'va tin dung de thu hut ngudn cdng nghe nay, ddng thdi phai cd bien phap kiem soat ngudn cdng nghe (khdng nhap kha'u cdng nghe cu, lac hau). l/u tien tie'p nhan chuyen giao cdc cong nghe hien dai, than mdi tnfdng, ddng thdi mang lai nhieu Idi ich kmh te xa hpi khdc nhtf thu hdi vo'n nhanh, cd kha nang tao nhieu viec lam va dich vu kem theo, Thanh lap trung tam thdng tin, tff van ve khoa hpc cdng nghe; lap cd sd dff lieu ve cdng nghe theo cac nhdm nganh kinh t6'-ky thuSt ddcdng nghiep cd the Iffa chon cdng nghe phu hdp [7|. Thtfc te cho tha'y, nhieu doanh nghiep cdng nghiep vung KTTD Bac Bd gap khd khan trong vi6c tim kiem thdng tin hen quan den cdng nghe minh dang quan tam. Do vay, viec thanh lap va phat tridn trung tam la mot giai phdp thie't thffc, phil hdp vdi nhu cau trffdc mat va lau dai ve phat trien cdng nghe cua cdc nganh cdng nghiep tai viing KTTD Bac Bd.
Ban hanh chinh sdch hd trd thuan Idi nha't cho viec hinh thanh he thd'ng vtfdn ffdm cdng nghe trong nffdc vdi stf giup dd ciia cac td chffc khoa hoc cdng nghe ntfdc ngoai bdng viec day manh hdp tdc qud'c te ve khoa hpc va cdng nghe, cd chinh sdch thu hut nhan Iffc khoa hoc cong nghe cha't Itfdng cao ve lam viec tai cac vtfdn ffdm bang nhffng dieu kiencu the, hap dan nhff thu nhap ngang bang vdi cdc nffdc tien tien trong khu vffc, cd chinh sdch hd trd nha d, bao hiem xa hdi hdp ly. Khuye'n khich va tao dieu kien de dpi ngu cdn bd khoa hpc va cdng ngh§ la ngu'di Viet Nam d nffdc ngoai thtfc hien chuyen giao nhtfng tien bd cdng nghe ve phuc vu trong nffdc.
Tap trung quyet het viec phdt trien he tho'ng cdng nghiep ho trd, cu the can thanh lap cd quan dau mdi du manh de cd chinh sdch, ke hoach phat trien cdng nghiep hd trd mot cdch nha't quan, hieu qua; thie't lap nhanh he thd'ng cd sd dtf lieu cho
cdng nghiep hd trd; Iffa chon cac nhdm ngiinh cong nghiep hd trd can uXi ti6n phdt tnen phii hdp vdi dieu kien cu the cua tffng giai doan; tie'p tuc thi diem danh quy dd't cho cdc khu cdng nghiep hd trd, Hien tai khu cdng nghiep tren dia ban xa Dai Xuyen, huyen Phu Xuyen, Ha Ndi vdi dien tich hdn 440 ha, tap trung d^u ttf vad cong nghiep hd trd ciia 5 ITnh vifc la: Det may, da giay, cd khi che tao, dien tff tin hoc, san xua't va lap rdp d td. Khu cdng nghiep nay se la tien de cho sff phat trien ben vffng ciia nganh Cdng nghiep tren dia ban viing KTTD Bac Bd.
Ba Id, cdn ndng cao chat luang cong tdc tham dinh thdnh lap KCN nha't la tlidm dinh ve yeu td moi trudng.
Theo do, hd sd dif dn kha thi phai ddnh gid dffdc tdng Iffdng khi thai, nffdc thai, rac thai va chat thai nguy hai do cac doanh nghiep trong KCN thai ra cung nhff mffc dp d nhiem mdi trtfdng trong KCN, de tffdd cd phu'dng dnd^u tu'xay dffng h6 tho'ng xff ly cha't thai vdi quy mo, cha't Iffdng xtf ly dat yeu cau. Dong thdi, luan chffng cu the vd'n dau tff va phu'dng an huy dpng vd'n de xay dtfng cdc cdng trinh xtf ly chat thai nay. Ke't hdp gitfa viec ra soat cac chd tai xtf ly hanh vi gay d nhiem moi tru'dng vdi viec hd trd cdc ddn vi cd lien quan de cha'm dtft tinh trang 6 nhi^m hiSn tai, dac bi6t la tinh trang 6 nhiem ngudn nffdc vd d nhiem khi thai.
Bdn Id, Nhd nudcphdi co cdc qui dinh ddy du vd hap ly ve bdo ve moi trudng ngay tit khau qui hoach phdt trien KCN.
Nhffng qui dinh nay hien nay van cdn nhieu ba't cap, chifa hdp ly va chu'a khoa hpc dan den sff tuan thii chtfa tnet de cua cdc KCN, dac biet la qui dinh ve viec xay dtfng khu xtf ly nffdc thai tap trung cho mdi KCN. Vi vay, c^n cd qui dinh cu the ve sif sdn sang cua cd sd ha tang xtf ly nffdc thai va cha't thai trifdc khi cho phep phe duyet cap glA'y phep dau ttf vao KCN; ddng thdi can cd qui dinh cu the ve viec tham dinh ky cang cdc noi dung ve moi trifdng ciia mdi dff an trffdc khi ca'p phep dau tff, dam bao qui trinh xtf ly chd't thai ddng bo, Thu hut dau ttf vao KCN can difpc tie'n hanh theo htfdng ffu tien nhtfng nganh cdng nghiep sach, it 6 nhicm, bao dam cd ca'u nganh nghe phu hdp kha nang va thifc te giai quyet d nhiem ciia dia phtfdng. Nhffng dtf an cd cung nganh nghe va gay 6 nhiem cao nen difdc bd'tri vao mot KCN de thuan tien cho cdng tac xff ly chat thai [6] •
lAPCniCDNClHIflfNG
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. BS Ke hoach va Dau III, 2011. Bdo cdo Quy hoach long Ihe phdi Irien kinh le - xa hoi vung KTTB Bac Bo den ndm 2020, dinh hudng den ndm 2030, Ha Noi.
2. Bo Ke hoach vd Dau tu, 2011, Ky yeu Hoi nghi Phdt trien ben viing lodn gugc Idn thi! 3, Hd Noi 3 Chinh phu nudc CHXHCN Viet Nam, 2011, Chien luac phdi tnen ben viing Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020, Hd Noi.
4. NguyIn Vdn Nam, Ngd Thing Lai, 2010. Chinh sdch phdt tnen bin vUng cdc viing kinh te trong diem i Viet Nam, Nxb Thong tin vd Truyen thong, Hd Noi
5. Tong cue Thong ke, Nien gidm Thong ke, 2009, 2010, 2011, Nxb Thong ke, Hd Noi,
6. VU Thdnh Huing, 2010, Phdt men cdc khu cong nghiep vung kinh le trong diem Bdc Bo Iheo hUdng ben vUng, LATS, Dai hoc Kmh te quoc ddn.
7. PCS. TS. Phan Ddng Tual. 200S, Mot so gidi phdp gdp phan phdt trim cong nghiep ben vung. Tap chi Cong nghiep, so 11 (ky' I).
Ngay nh$n bai: 1/3/2019
Ngay phan bi&n danh gia va su'a chi^a: 11/3/2019 Ngay cha'p nhSn dang bai: 21/3/2019
Thong tin Idc gid:
1. TS. TO HIEN T H A
Trifcfng Dai hoc Ky thuat Le Quy Don 2. ThS. N G U Y I N H O U TIEP
Trtfcfng Cao dang Nghe s6' 1 - Bo Qu6'c phong
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
IN NORTHERN VIETNAM KEY ECONOMIC REGION:
CURRENT SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS
• Ph.DTOHIENTHA Le Quy Don Technical University
• Master. NGUYEN HUU TIEP No. 1 Vocationoi Coiiege - [Viinistry of Defence
ABSTRACT:
Northern Vietnam l(ey economic region (NFEZ) is an area witil an important posrtion in the socro-economic development of Vietnam In recent years, this region's industry has initially achieved encouraging results. However, these achievements have not reached full the regional potential and advantages. In addition, these results have not meet the requirements of the regional driving force and sustainable development. This article analyzes the situation and proposes solutions to ensure the sustainable development of the industrial sector in the Northern Vietnam key economic region.
Keywords: Industrial development, key economic region. Northern region, sustainable development.
42 So 5 - T h d n g 4/2019
