Mpt so giai phap va kien nghj xay dung Ichung chinh sach, phap luqt ve Icinh te vung 6 Viet Nam'
DANG THI P H l / d N G HOA PHAM THI TAM
r
dgoc do quin ly nha nUdc va can cd vao Luat Quy hoach 2017, bai viii trinh bay thUc trang khung chinh sach phap luat ve kinh ti'viing cua Viet Nam, danh gia han chi' cua khung chinh sach kinh te vung va de xuat mgt sd^giai phap xay dUng khung chinh sach phap luat kinh ti' vdng phU hdp vdi boi canh mdi va gop phan nhanh chong trien khai Luat Quy hoach 2017.lit khoa: kinh ti viing, chinh sach kinh te viing, xay dUng chinh sach phap luSt vung, chinh sach vung Viet Nam, Lu$t Quy hoach 2017.
' T ' he gidi dang budc vao giai doan dieu -'• chinh kho k h a n hdn vdi r a t nhieu bien dpng ve xu hudng thUdng mai, ddng chay hang hda, phUdng thiic giao dich, dat ra yeu cau thay doi Idn trong ky nguyen cong nghe mdi. Nhijng t h a y doi sau sac ve cong nghe va the che da dinh h i n h lai ldi the canh tranh cua cac vung l a n h tho.
Ve quan ly h a n h chinh, Viet N a m dUdc chia thanh 63 tinh, t h a n h pho' trUc thupc trung Udng. Ben canh do, Viet Nam con co he tho'ng cac viing kinh te - xa hpi, viing kinh te trpng diem. Tuy vay, p h a t trien viing ndi chung va chinh sach p h a t trien vung noi rieng d Viet N a m hien van dang la mpt Knh vtic con nhieu h a n ehe, dan den chUa phat huy dUde npi ItJc p h a t trien kinh te cua tUng viing.
TU diu nam 2019, Chinh p h u Viet Nam chu trUdng p h a t trien kinh ti viing ra't manh me. Thu tUdng Chinh phii quyet tam
"ban tien, chii khong b a n lui" (Van phong Chinh phu, 2019)^ Tinh t h a n la tiep ttic cai thien mdi trudng dau t u kinh doanh, tao moi trUdng thong thoang vdi muc tieu quan trong la huy dpng cac nguon lUc xa hpi eho phat trien d a t nudc; ben canh do, khong dupc chong cheo, m a u t h u a n vdi cac l u a t khacl
1. T o n g q u a n t i n h h i n h n g h i e n cihi Cac tac gia da tong quan cac nghien ctiu tieu bieu d trong nUdc va ngoai nUdc theo 3 nhom va'n de: vung va kinh te viing; chinh sach p h a t tri^n kinh te viing; the che, phap l u a t ve kinh te viing. Theo do, cac cong trinh nghien ciiu cong bo' t r e n the gidi va tai Viet Nam da cung ca'p nhieu thdng tin hQu ich, tuy nhien con nhieu va'n de quan trpng khac cua k h u n g chinh sach, phap luat ve kinh te vung chUa dUde cac n h a khoa hpc nghien ciiu va de cap, cu the;
Mgt la, chUa de cap day dii cac va'n de lien quan den khung chinh sach, phap luat vi kinh te vung do'i vdi trUdng hpp cua Viet Nam.
Hai la, cac nghien ctiu doi vdi trUdng hdp cua Viit Nam dUde thUe hien trong giai doan Dang Thi Phuong Hoa, PGS.TS., Vifin Kinh te' Viet Nam; Pham Thi Tam, TTiS., Vien NghiSn ciiu Iflp phap, Uy ban Thucmg vu Quoc hoi.
* Bai vi^t la san ph^m cua D^ tai "Khung chinh sach, phap Iu9t \i kinh tfi' vung: nhutig v^fn &i \^ luan va thuc tiln", ma sCf 2017-14.
1. http://viWW.vpcp.chinhphu.vn/Home/rhu-tuong- chu-tri-hop-ve-tang-truong-cac-vung-kinh-te-trong-diem /20197/26247.vgp
2. Chi'nh phu hop chuySn d^ ve xfly dimg phdp luat ngay 5-8-2019, https://nhandan.com.vn/chinhtri/tin-mc- su-kien/item/41111502-chinh-phu-hop-chuyen-de-ve-xay -dung-phap-luat.hlml
Nghiin ahi Kinh t^sS 10(497) - Thing 10/2019 87
Mot so giai pliap vd Icien nghi..
trudc, thtic trang phat trien viing thdi gian gan day chUa dUdc quan tam nhieu trong eac nghien cUu, nha't la gSn vdi giai doan cd ca'u lai nen kinh t e t U nam 2011 den nay.
Ba la, chua co cac nghien ctiu dat trong bo'i canh Quo'c hpi VLfa thong qua Luat Quy hoach, CO hieu luc tii ngay 1-1-2019, trong dd CO cac quy dinh lien quan den npi dung quy hoach viing.
Boil la, tuy Thii tUdng Chinh phu dang thuc day vai trd cvic tang trUdng cua 4 viing kinh te trpng diem, nhUng Viet Nam chua c6 quy hoach phat trien viing kinh te trpng diem, vi vay chUa co chie'n lUpc phat trien vung kinh te trpng diem^.
Nam la, trong cac nghien ciiu da cong bo', trong eac van ban phap luat tii trUdc de'n thang 7-2019 deu neu ra't nhieu cac giai phap phat trien kinh te vung, nhung chu yeu tiep can tu tren xuong, chUa ti'nh de'n vai tro dong gop xay dt;£ng chinh sach ciia Hiep hpi doanh nghiep, nganh nghe, mpi Itlc lUdng san xua't trong viing la do'i tUpng thUc thi chi'nh sach.
Sau la, dieu dac biet quan trpng, chUa co cd che cung ca'p so' lieu va dfl lieu viing, nen Chinh phu khdng the tiep can day du dU lieu cua cae vung khi danh gia, phan tich, chi dao. Moi vung hien nay deu eo cac t h a n h pho' la trung tam phat trien, cac thanh pho' deu hudng de'n quan tri thong minh, Chinh phii hudng de'n Chinh phu dien t\i, vi vay thieu dU lieu thi khong the dat dupe cac muc tieu mang tinh thdi dai nay.
NhiSng va'n de tren chinh la khoang tro'ng nghien cilu quan trpng ma thieu no khong the dap iing dieu kien phat trien trong bo'i canh hien nay la: hpi n h a p sau va rpng, mo hinh tang trUdng bao trum (khong de ai phai tut lai phia sau) va ben viing (tam giac tang trudng kinh te - xa hpi - moi trUdng, thich ting bien doi khi hau'') va kinh te so'.
2. Cd sd ly l u a n k h u n g c h i n h s a c h , p h a p l u a t ve k i n h t e v u n g
Khung phap ly ve kinh te vung la mot trong 3 nhan to' ctia the che viing, gom toan
bp cac luat, van b a n phap quy co H^n quan den p h a n dinh vung, chi'nh sach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi vung va nhting quy dinh lien quan de'n dieu phoi lien ke't phat trien vting;
ngoai r a con 2 n h a n to khac lien quan, do la quy dinh bp may to chtic (bao gom cac chu the CO lien quan de'n p h a t t r i l n kinh te - xa hpi vung n h u cac cd quan t r u n g Udng va dia phUdng, cac doanh nghiep, cac td chiic xa hpi va ngUdi dan) va cd che thtic thi (nhiing quy dinh dam bao nguon It^c va cac diiu kien thuc thi, nhflng quy dinh k h e n thudng, khuye'n khich va che tai trong qua trinh thUc thi), Xet t r e n khia canh p h a p luat, 2 n h a n to*
sau deu co t h e dUdc quy dinh bang he thong phap luat trong thUc t i i n .
Chinh sach kinh te viing co 2 cau phan chinh: chinh sach can bang la hUdng tdi mot su hai hda tUdng do'i gifla cac vung ve thu hudng phiic Ipi xa hpi, t h u n h a p va cd hpi phat trien ctia cong dan va cac nhom xa hpi;
ehinh sach t a n g trUdng la hUdng vao viec sii dung toi uu ta't ca cae nguon liic va ldi the eiia tflng viing de thiic day miic t a n g trUclng ciia toan bp nen kinh te.
Dac diem eua chinh sach phat trien kinh te vung la hudng tdi huy dpng toi da cac nguon luc cua ta't ca cac ye'u to cho phat trien; Uu tien khai thac va khuyen khich phat trien eac t i l m nang s i n c6 eua vung- thiic day kha nang tang nang sua't cua vung thay ddi chuyen mon boa nganh de' nkm hit ed hpi thi trUdng mdi, tang hieu qua cua thi trUdng lao^dpng dia phudng va d l u tu vao ky nang va doi mdi.
Mvc_tieu chinh sach kinh te' vung: tao dieu kien de vung phat huy duoc „ „ , ^ the"
canh t r a n h 10, the so sanh n h i m p h a t ' t r i ^ kinh te xa hoi ben vQng; tao dilu kien d l h a n che gia t a n g khoang each phat trien giiia cdc
3. llttp;//www.vpcp.chii,hphu.vn/Homem,„ H chu-tri-hoi>ve-tang.traong-cac-vun.-ki„h „ " " " - ™ n g - diem/20197/26247.vgp '-'Wrong-
4. ^ ^_'^"P;'('™";n>':p.chinhphu.v„/H„mem,u-ft,o„
chu-tri-hop-ve-tang-lniong-cac-vung-kinh diem/20I97/26247.vgp •te-trong-
88 Nghiin cilu Kinh 14sg WIAsrT
- Mdt so giai phap vd kien nghj
vting; tao dieu kign hen ke't npi vOtng, lien vung de tan dung ldi the cdng sinh.
Xu hudng thay doi cd b a n trong cac muc tieu chinh sach vung: huy dpng va p h a t trien cac nguon lUc eu the d ta't ca cac viing, theo do mpi viing dUdc ky vpng se toi da hoa cd hpi phat triln va kha nang canh t r a n h di t a n g hiiu qua kinh te tiing ddn vi khong gian, do do tang tdng san lUdng quoc gia. Trong khuon khd chinh sach viing cua mpt vung, muc tieu khong gian co chpn loc v a n ti§'p tuc la mpt thanh phan quan trpng cua chinh sach va sU trd ca'p bd sung thUdng danh cho cac vung dang doi m a t vdi nhiing thach thflc phat trien eu the. Yeu c i u dat r a do'i vdi viec xky dting khung chinh sach, p h a p luat ve kinh te vung la: tap t r u n g vao mot vung l a n h thd, CO sU tham gia ctia cae ben lien quan; co each tiep can toan dien; dUdc cac l a n h dao vUng cam kit va chinh quyen dia phUdng tich cUc ung hp; dinh hudng h a n h dpng va ehien lUpc.
Chu trinh xay diing k h u n g chinh sach ve kinh te viing: khung chinh sach k i n h te vung khong phai la mot can thigp chinh sach ddn le, mot lin, ve nguyen tac, no la mot qua trinh lien tuc, thtic day sti t h a m gia va quyen sd hflu Idn hdn gifla cac ben h e n quan: budc 1, cac nha tao lap k h u n g chinh sach thtic day each tiep can vdi nhieu chinh quyen dia phUdng va lam viec vdi nhflng ngUdi bieu thi sii quan tam ro nha't den vifc thuc hien; bUdc 2, cac ben lien quan tai dia phUdng can dUdc to chiic theo nghia la hp ciang n h a u xay diing nen kinh te vung va cha'p n h a n t h a y ddi;
budc 3, tien h a n h D a n h gia kinh te n h a n h (REA)^ de danh gia t i l m n a n g va h a n che ve kinh te cua mpt vung, p h a n tich nay dUdc thtic hien dpc lap bdi nhflng ngUdi ben ngoai vdi tu each la ngUdi hd trd ben ngoai; budc 4, hieu biet chung ve diem m a n h va diem yeu eua nen kinh te viing va xac minh ke't qua tham dinh, p h a n tich dUdc xac n h a n bdi cac ben lien quan trong viing; budc 5, xay dung chinh sach can thiep; budc 6, trien k h a i chinh sach; budc 7, giam sat (neu khong co
cac cd che giam sat, dpng lUc dUdc khdi day b a n dau se khong the duy tri va qua trinh phat trien viing se bi thui chot); bUdc 8, chie'n lupc hoa; bUdc 9, n a n g ea'p, trong do tap t r u n g vao cac linh vUc eu the, each cai thien hieu qua va k h a nang canh t r a n h cua cac linh vtic do; budc 10, sau khi can nhac ldi the so sanh va canh t r a n h se dat Uu tien d dau va lam t h e nao de thiic hien chiing (GIZ, 2012).
3. Thtfc t r a n g c h i n h s a c h p h a p l u a t ve k i n h t e v u n g ii V i e t N a m
3.1. Nhiing ket qud xdy dUng chinh sdch phdp luat ve kinh tevung
Quan diem p h a t trien kinh te vung cua Dang qua Van kien Dai hpi Dang IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X,'XI, XII deu t h i hien sU
"tho'ng nha't quan ly tdng hdp chie'n lUdc, quy hoach p h a t trien tren quy mo toan bp nen kinh te, viing va lien vung. P h a t huy tiem nang, the m a n h cua tflng vung, ddng thdi Uu tien p h a t trien cac vtang kinh te dong lUc, tao sflc loi cuoh, lan tda p h a t trien de'n cae dia phUdng trong vung va de'n cac vung khac. Cd chinh sach hd trd p h a t trien cac vung con nhieu khd k h a n , nha't la vung sau, vung xa, vung ddng bao dan tpc thieu so', mien niii va hai dao; phat tridn kinh ti lam nghi§p. Doi mdi cd che p h a n cap, p h a n quyen, g i n vdi p h a n dinh va n a n g eao trach nhiem cua t r u n g Udng va dia phUdng. Thtic h i l n quy hoach viing, chinh sach viing; sdm xay dflng va the che hoa cd che dieu phoi lien kg't vung theo hudng xac dinh rd vai tro d£u tau va phan cong cti the trach nhiem cho tflng dia phUdng trong vung. K h i c phuc tinh trang nen kinh te hi chia cat bdi dia gidi hanh chinh, hoac d a u tU d a n t r a i , t r u n g lap. Xay
5. REA 1^ m6t cong cu dua tren khao sdt phan tich nen kinh te' vung bang cdch xem xet 6 ITnh vUc: xu hu^g chung; m6i trUcmg phap ly va hknh chfnh; cai:u tnic va su phdt trien cua c^c c6ng ty vi m6, nho, vira va Idn trong viing (6 khu vuc n6ng thdn ciing bao g6m ca ITnh vuc n6ng nghiep); t8 chiic h6 tra; ngu6n luc cua con ngu&i va tai nguyen thiSn nhidn; co s6 ha tdng.
%/i/^/? ciiu Kinh tSs610(497) - Thing 10/2019
Mgt so giai phip va icien ngiij.
dung mpt so' dac k h u kinh te de tao cUc t a n g trudng va thfl nghiem the che p h a t trien vung CO tinh dot pha"^
ThUc hien chu trUdng ctia Dang, tfl n a m 2000, Chinh phu va Thu tUdng da ban h a n h nhieu van ban lien quan, nhU: chinh sach ve dau tU phat trien bang nguon n g a n sach nha nUdc; chinh sach ve Uu dai, hd trp dau t u (gdm: thue, tin dting, da't dai, ehuyen giao cong nghe), nhom chinh sach nay dUdc the hiin trong nhieu v a n ban quy p h a m phap luat (luat, nghi dinh, quyet dinh, chi thi, thong t u hudng dan); chinh sach quy hoaeh tong the phat trien kinh te - xa hpi 6 vung va eac vung kinh te trpng diem eho tflng thdi ky; chinh sach quy hoach p h a t trien cac nganh trong vung (nhU: quy hoach phat trien cong nghiep, quy hoach p h a t trien cong nghfi thong tin va truyen thdng cac vting kinh te trpng diem; quy hoach p h a t triSn mpt so' ke't ca'u h a t i n g thUdng mai chu yeu cac vCing kinh ti trpng diem;
quy hoach phat trien mang ludi giao thong);
chinh sach t h u hiit va quan ly cac ngudn vo'n eho vung ( n i m trong L u a t Dau tU, L u a t Doanh nghiep, L u a t Da'u thau, chinh sach p h a t trien khoa hpc cong nghe, chinh sach t h u hiit va sii dung n h a n liic, ehinh sach sfl dung da't); chinh sach do thi hoa va p h a t trien ket ca'u h a tang, chinh sach phat trien lanh thd dac Met (khu kinh te, k h u eong nghiep, khu eong nghe cao, h a n h lang kinh te, vanh dai kinh te'...); chinh sach thuc day lien ke't npi vung, lien vung.
De xem xet danh gia, cac ehinh sach dudc p h a n theo 2 nhdm:
i) Nhom chinh sach giam chenh lech vung, mien. Nhom chinh sach nay da gop p h a n quan trpng vao thiic hien muc tieu xoa doi giam ngheo, dam bao an ninh xa hpi, dac biet do'i vdi nhflng viing kho k h a n , cae t i n h mien niii, vung sau, vung xa, bien gidi va hai dao. Chinh sach b a n h a n h sau da dUdc riit kinh nghiem tfl cac chinh saeh trUdc do, tap t r u n g hdn, cd trpng diem va t a n g cUdng sU long ghep cac chUdng trinh.
ii) Nhdm chfnh sach phat trien 10 ^^^
vung. Ve h i n h thtic, Viet N a m da co chinh sach vung, p h a n l a n h t h d Viet Nam theo n h i e u v u n g k i n h t e k h a c n h a u (Chie'n lfl«?c p h a t t r i e n k i n h te' - xa hpi 2001 -2010 la 6 vung). Ve bp may, Chinh p h u t h a n h lap To chtic Dieu pho'i p h a t t r i e n cac vung kinh t e trpng diem va B a n Chi dao td chflc dieu phoi cac v u n g k i n h te t r p n g d i l m . Vd npi dung c h i n h sach, Chinh p h u b a n h a n h cac nghi dinh lam cd sd p h a p ly q u a n trpng cho viec xay diing quy h o a c h tdng t h i p h a t trien k i n h ti - xa hpi cac v u n g , cac dia phUdng t r e n ca nudc va cac c h i n h sach.
Vdi moi giai doan p h a t t r i e n , cac phUdng hudng d a t r a t r o n g quy hoach p h a t trien kinh t e xa hpi tflng v u n g lien t u c dUdc r a soat, cap n h a t , bd sung, sfla doi, l i n sau cti tha hdn lin trudc, muc tieu s a u chi tiet hdn mue tieu trUdc. N h i n chung, cac chinh sach deu t a p t r u n g Uu tien, Uu dai cho cac dia phUdng n a m t r o n g cac v u n g kinh t e trpng diim t r e n h a u h e t cac linh viic, dac bi$t la nhflng chinh sach q u a n trpng n h u p h a n bd n g a n sach n h a nUdc. Ben canh nhflng cd che, chinh sach ap dung chung cho ta't ca cac dia phUdng, da co mot so'che do dac t h u dUdc b a n h a n h ap dung rieng cho mot so' vung k i n h te va cung c6 nhflng cd'chi ehinh sach t a i chinh ap dung rieng cho mot so dia phUdng trong cac vung kinh t § ' t r o n g diem n h a m thiic d^y t a n g trUdng k i n h te' cao, chuyen dich ed ca'u kinh te' va d^y m a n h p h a t t n e n cac nganh chii luc la t h e m a n h p h a t t r i l n ctia vung. Ngoai r a ' con co chmh sach rieng cho cae t h a n h phd trUc thupc t r u n g Udng, he tho'ng cac cp che'rieng cho t u n g dia phUdng t a p trung vao mflc bd sung c o m u e tieu tfl n g a n sach trung udng cho n g a n sach d,a phUdng, thUdng vUdt
6. Vuong Dinh Hue (2016), Phdt bi^u d^ A^
thao "Lien ket viing trong
chuyan d6\ m6 hinh tang truong cua Viet N -
A o m c 1J>. MA: ^ • ngay 3 -
90 Nghien ciiu Kinhl^sSloi^TJTj
Mot so giai phdp vd icien nghj
3.2. Han che trong xay ddng chinh sdch kinh tevdng vd nguyen nhdn
3.2.1. Han chi'
• Vehinh thdc
Cac viing co ten gpi chUa hoan toan tho'ng nhat trong cac van b a n p h a p quy, co sU t r u n g vung cua tinh, dia phUdng, c6 mpt so dia phUdng khong dupe t h a m gia ba't ky bp may viing nao (nhU 9 tinh thupc vung kinh te- xa hoi Trung du va mien nui phia Bic). Hpi dong viing khong phai la mpt ca'p h a n h ehinh, ma chi la mot td chflc dUdc Chinh phu va cac dia phUdng trong vung uy quyen thiic hi$n mpt so' chflc nang, nhiem vu co lien quan den lien ke't phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cua Chinh phu va cac dia phUdng trong vung (H. Tr., 2016)^
Nhflng liet ke khung chinh sach da b a n hanh d Viet Nam neu tren cho tha'y, ca nhom chinh sach giam chenh lech vung l l n nhom chinh sach phat trien ldi the vung deu k h a tan man, n i m rai rac 6 nhieu v a n ban p h a p quy. Noi each khac, trong nhom chinh sach phap luat kinh te vung thi khong co day dii cac chinh sach phat trien cho t a t ca cac linh viic cl pham vi viing, cac linh viic d titng vung l^y tfl cae chinh sach chung co lien quan.
Tinh "ifu tien trpng dilm" khong ro rang.
Trong phan ca'p quy hoach, vung khong phai mpt ca'p hanh chinh, nhUng trong L u a t Quy hoach 2017, tfl Dieu 5 trd di, viec quy hoach vung dUde dat r a n h u mdt ca'p h a n h chinh:
dudi ea'p quo'c gia, tren ca'p tinh.
• Venoi dung
- Ve chinh sach phat trien can bang vung Cac chinh sach p h a t t r i l n kinh te - xa hpi danh eho vung dan tpc t h i i u so', mien nui va vting kinh te - xa hpi dac biet kho k h a n chfla thiic su ddng bp; cd che thiic thi chinh sach con thieu nhflng ddi mdi mang tinh dot pha.
Cong cti chinh sach chu ye'u la cong cu tai trd tfl ngan sach t r u n g Udng, trong khi ngan sach trung Udng chfla bo' tri dUdc ngudn vo'n rieng de thflc hien mpt sd chinh sach.
Sti p h a n dinh vung con ba't cap, dinh mflc dau tfl con tha'p, chinh saeh n h i e u
nhflng thie'u ngudn liic thiic hien, chua dat dupc muc tieu de r a . Chua co he thdng cd sd dfl lieu day du va mang tinh lien tuc, kip thdi de phuc vu muc tieu theo doi, quan ly va tham mUu chinh sach; n a n g lUc cua dpi ngu can bp theo doi cdng tac dan tpc cdn b a n che, thie'u thiic tiSn.
Ve hi thd'ng chinh sach phat trien Idi thi'viing
Cai thie'u trUdc tien va quan trpng nha't, la mpt the che kinh te vrtng ehuyen biet di kem vdi he tho'ng chinh sach, phap luat kinh te vung.
Trong Luat Quy hoach 2017 khong c6 quy hoach ca'p xa. Cac loai ty le cua ban do quy hoaeh theo quy dinh ra't kho the hien, kho sii dting. L u a t Quy hoach va cac van ban chinh saeh kinh te vung dang thie'u chinh sach ke't noi nganh, npi vung, lien vung. Ngudn liic cu t h i cho tflng boat dpng hdp tac khong dUdc neu ro trong cae van ban phap luat; ehinh saeh lien ket t h u h u t dau tU gifla cac tinh trong mpt vung h a u nhfl khong c6. Cac cam ke't ho trd npi vung khong mang tinh phap ly va cung khong co che tai dac biet thtic hien lien ke't lau dai cua hai tinh vdi nhau. Lien ket tUdng tac khong dUa tren ldi the vung (dong chay hang hoa, dau tU...), cung khong dUa t r e n nguyen tac lan tda crta eflc tang trudng vdi cac vung kem phat triln. Trong cac quy hoach kinh te trpng diem v i n theo quan diem h a n h chinh va mcf rpng vung theo chieu rpng. Tinh cha't dau tau tang trUdng hay dpng Iflc tang trfldng nhanh giam sut.
Qua r a soat chinh sach, co t h i the thay, trong khi mdi dia phUdng co khdng dfldi 200 quy hoach thi lai chfla cd quy hoach vung kinh te trpng diem, d i n de'n khong co ehien lUdc p h a t t r i l n , khong cd cd che dac thu, quy
7. Ban Kinh te'Trung ucrng (2016), H6i thao "Lien V&t viing trong qua trinh tai ccf ca^u kinh tS', chuyin d6i m6 hinh tang trUcmg cua Viet Nam" ngay 3-4-2016. Ngu6n:
H.Tr. (2016), http :/Ahoibaotaich inh Vietnam, vn/pages /thoi-su/2016-04-02/phat-Irien-kinh-te-vung-trong-giai- doan-phat-trien-moi -o-viel-n am-30305 .aspx)
Ngmn ciiu Kinh l4s610(497) - Thing 10/2019 9 1
Mgt so giai pliip vd lili'n ngiii
che dieu phoi vung chUa du manh^.
Tinh trang chdng cheo, xung dot gifla cac dao luat va cae van ban quy pham phap luat dang gay nhieu kho k h a n cho ngUdi dan, doanh nghiep va ca cac cd quan n h a nUdc trong qua trinh ap dung phap luat. D i l n hinh nhu; xung dot ve thti tuc cha'p t h u a n chu trUdng dau tU dd'i vdi dii an xay dting nha cf gifla Luat Dau tU va Luat Nha d; xung dot ve dau thau liia chpn n h a dau tu trong dfl an CO sii dung da't va d&u gia quyen sfl dung da't gifla Luat D l u tU, Luat Da'u t h a u va Luat Da't dai; xung dot ve t h u tuc gidi thieu dia diem dau tU, dia dilm xay diing gifla Luat xay dung, Luat N h a d va Luat D l u tU; xung dot ve thdi diem lap bao cao danh gia tac dpng moi trUdng gifla Luat Dau tfl va Luat Bao ve moi trUdng; xung dot ve thdi diem ca'p gia'y phep quy hoach gifla Luat Xay dung, Luat Dau tU va Luat Nha d; xung dot ve thdi dilm t h a m dinh nhu c l u sfl dung da't gifla Luat Da't dai va Luat Dau tU; t r u n g lap ve phe duyet quy hoach va cha'p t h u a n chu trUdng d l u tU thupc t h a m quyen cua Thu tudng Chinh phu gifla Luat Dau t u va Luat Quy hoach do thi, Luat Nha d; khong tho'ng nha't ve dieu kien vo'n to'i thieu ctia ehu dau tfl gifla Luat Kinh doanh ba't dpng san va Luat Da't dai; khong tUdng thich ve quyen cho thue tai san g i n lien vdi da't trong trUdng hdp thue da't tra tien hang nam gifla Luat Da't dai va Bp luat Dan sU...' Dieu nay gay r a nhieu he qua Idn, lam ma't thdi gian, 15 cd hoi dau tu, lam t a n g chi phi va rui ro do'i vdi boat dpng kinh doanh'". 39 quy hoach tinh chfla the trien khai do chfla co hUdng dan eu t h i ; quy hoach, ke hoach sfl dat 2016-2020 cua 5 tinh, t h a n h phd (T)a N i n g , Quang Nam, Ben Tre, Ca Mau, Hai DUdng) khong t h i ban hanh; khoang 25 quy hoach cua cac nganh (quy hoach xay dting vung tinh, quy hoach khoang san, quy hoach dien luc, quy hoach cap nUdc vflng kinh te trpng dilm...) khong t h i ban hanh, khoang hdn 368 dii an dau t u san xua't cdng nghiep khdng the trien khai vi vUdng quy hoach (tap t r u n g 6 lUdi dien (91 dU an), dien mat trcti (210 dti an), xii
9 2
ly rac p h a t dien...). So' lieu bao cao cua Bp Cong ThUdng cho tha'y, hdn mot nam trd lai day, Bp da tiep n h a n de xua't cua hang t r a m n h a d l u tfl vdi tdng cong khoang 340 dfl an dien mat trdi, dien gio vdi tong cong sua't dii kien khoang 28.000 MW, trong do, dien m a t trdi khoang 26.0aOMW va so con lai diSn gie (Nguyin Thao, 2019). Ca nude dinh tre het vi quy dinh cua L u a t " .
Nhom chinh sach thd hien quan diem ctic tang trUcfng, ciic lan tda p h a t trien ddi vdi vung khong ro rang. Cac chinh sach Uu dai ve da't dai, chinh sach t h u hdi cdng nghe, chinh saeh phat trien ngudn n h a n lUc... tai cac vung kinh te trpng diem ehUa tao dpng liie thu h u t ngudn liic vao cac linh viic can tao r a sti dot pha. Chinh sach tai chinh cho phat trien kinh te v u n g m a n g t i n h "dan deu" hoac chUa du m a n h de tao ldi the canh t r a n h cho vflng kinh te. Cd ca'u chi ngan sach n h a nUdc cdn chUa thiic sfl hdp ly de tao t h a n h dpng Itic phat trien vung. Cac chinh sach Uu dai cho eac vung kinh te trpng dilm, k h u kinh td, tam giac p h a t trien, h a n h lang kinh te... da CO nhung chUa vUdt troi so vdi cac vflng khac d l tao sfl kich thich, dot p h a t r o n g t h u h u t
o. Phdt bi^u cua Thii tu6ng tai Hfii nghi Phdt triln Viliig kinh te' trong dilm phi'a Nam ngay 6-5-2019 http://thoibaonganhang.vn/vung-kinh-te-trong-diem-phia- nam-su-menh-dau-tau-cua-nen-kinh-te-87593.html.
9. Bao cao nhanh cua Phong Thuong mai v i Cong nghiep Viet Nam (VCCI) giii TT^i tu6ng Chmh phti v6 20 dilm xung dpt, ch6ng cheo I6n cua phdp luat vd d5u tu d& dai, xay dung, m6i tnicmg, dSu thSu, ngW7-S 2019 '
10. Phd Thu M6ng Tnrong H6a Binh, Yuone Dinh Hue, Trinh Dmh Dung vk nhidu vi "tu itixh" ' - h giao th6ng van ta^ tai nguyen va ni6i t n r ^ " S "
thuong, y tS... va dai diSn cdc uy ban ciia n . , - CJJl nhan dinh tinh trang ch6ng cheo, xung d6t nh' i . t v^n dd 16n, can tr6 su phdt tridn hien nay Hon r V "
Chmh phu, ngay 7-8-2019 tai Ha Noi m ^ ? . ' ° ^ ^ .7-8-2019 tai Ha Npi, m c h „ h T 2 ; r 9 T .hu.vnATioi-su/Chong-cheo-xunE d phap-luat-Bai-toan-kho-can-duoc-xu-ly/37239T
11. Phdt b i l u ciia B6 truong Mai Tie'n n - liAm Van r,t,Xnn r-ui^u _!_,'_ , , . . , ^"^Ig, Chil nhiem Van phong Chinh phu khi dd Quy hoach ngay 7-5-2019. N g u y i n http://caicachhanhchinh.gov.vn/tin-noi-bat/hank an-be-tac-vi-khoang-trong-phap-ly-tu-1 -bo-luat.
;^^P d^n Luat
• (2019), '8-tram-du-
••^672. h t m l .
Nghiin cAi Kinh f^sd" r O f ^ S T p ^
"9 10/2019
iVIot SO giai phip v i kien nghj,
dau tu, hay thu h u t sU t h a m gia cua cac ddi tac chidn Ifldc nfldc ngoai, tfl do tao r a dpng lUc phat trien manh hdn cho vung. Chinh sach flu tiSn ca'p ngan sach cho cac dia phudng trong vung kinh td ciing nhU vung kinh te trpng diem chfla thtic sti trd t h a n h nguon tai chinh du m a n h d l thtic hien cac dfl an c6 tinh cha't lien vflng, lam giam tinh chu dpng ngan sach ciia eac dia phUdng trong vflng (Hdng Van, 2016).
Nhflng Uu dai VUdt k h u n g d Yiit Nam deu lien quan den chinh sach da't dai, thue thu nhap doanh nghiep d i n den tha't thoat ngan sach, lam m6o md moi trUdng dau tfl, tao nen sU canh tranh khdng binh dang. Mpt so Uu dai vi pham cam ket WTO. Nhom ehinh sach chuy§n mdn hda nganh, nghd, Hnh viic cho vung md nhat. Chinh sach phap luat kinh te viing dam bao phat t r i l n dai han, ben vflng (ben vflng manh strong sustainable development) khong dUdc the hi§n quyet liet.
Cac giai doan thay ddi quy hoach la dinh ky dai nh^t 10 nam, trong khi de r a dUdc 1 quy hoach, thcJi gian phai ma't tdi 5 n a m .
3.2.2. Nguyin nhan
Ve tu duy quy hoach lanh tho ndi chung cua Viet Nam dang thie'u va yeu. Thie'u vi trong khi mdi dia phfldng co khong dfldi 200 quy hoach thi lai chfla co quy hoach vung kinh te trpng diem, dan den khdng co chien lupc phat trien, khdng co cd che' dac thu, quy ch§' dieu phoi vung chfla du manh^^. Yeu vi ta duy hanh ehinh cue bp, dia phfldng con tdn tai. Khoa hpc vung chua dupc chu trpng (Hoang Ngpe Phong, 2016). Cac lien ket vung theo chieu dpc (trung Udng va dia phfldng) vin la loai liSn kdt chu yeu, t h a m chi trong mot sd trUclng hdp cdn la'n at cac loai lien ket ngang (lien ket gifla cac vung, dia phfldng vdi nhau va mang tinh h a n h chinh tfl nguyen).
Tinh vung trong quan he lien ket dpc chUa dupc tinh din mot each thoa d a n g " .
Quy hoach phat t r i l n ngan h a n g i n vdi nhiem ky, y chi lanh dao, nen quy hoach nhieu nganh n g i n han, thidu tam nhin, thieu cha't lupng, phe duyfit cham; khong d a t viec
gan ket p h a t t r i l n vung, mien, dia phfldng, ldi ich vung len t r e n het. Ctr t h i : rieng ve ddi tfldng vflng kinh te trpng diem, trpng dilm (eon cd ten la vflng kinh te dpng liic) ehi la hinh thflc, vi khong quy dinh tieu chi trpng diem d l t h a m gia va chi tieu trpng dilm phai dat dflde; viec md rpng vung dia ly vflng mdi l l n quy hoach the hien tU duy phat trien dan trai; tfl duy phat trien khong phu hdp vdi nen kinh te thi tnidng bieu hien trong cac quy hoach san pham nganh; tU duy phat trien ben vflng khdng tinh den kich ban dai han tfl bien doi khi hau, sfl buy hoai moi trfldng, tac dpng tieu cflc den tU nhien dang dien ra ngay cang nghiem trpng (Van Huyen, 2016).
Ve each thflc xay diing chinh sach phap luat kinh te vung, viec xay dting chinh sach phap luat kinh te vung Viet Nam khong c6 sii t h a m gia cua cac t h a n h p h i n kinh te vung (hp, doanh nghiep, chinh quyen dia phUdng trong vung), nen cac quy hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hpi vung dUdc ban hanh xong thi tdn tai "Iflng Id", khong phd cap dUdc tdi tflng tang Idp xa hpi vung, tflng ca'p dia phUdng vung de hp h i i u va chung muc dich phat trien.
Quy hoach vflng khong theo trinh tU va ky luat. Quy hoach dUdc lap qua nhieu nhUng cha't lUdng quy hoach thap, khong chi tiet va cii t h i ddng bp, nghia la dat ra muc tieu pha'n da'u, nhUng lai khong riet rao khi phan cong chflc nang, p h a n dinh tai chinh va cac cong cu d l dat tiing muc tieu cu the lien quan den dac diem ndi troi cua vung, tinh, dia phUdng trong vflng. Cae giai phap v i n eo 12. Phdt bilu cua Thu t u ^ g tai Hoi nghi Phat triln Vung kinh te' trong dilm phi'a Nam, ngay 6-5-2019, http://thoibaonganhang.vn/vung-kinh-Ie-trong-diem-phia- nam-su-menh-dau-tau-cua-nen-kinh-te-87593.html.
13. Biii Tai Thang (2016), TTiam luan H6i thao "Lien ket vung trong qud trinh tdi ca cfiu kinh te', chuyin d6i m6 hinh tang tnrong cua Vidt Nam" ngay 3-4-2016.
Ngu6n: H.TR (2016). hltp://thoibaotaichinhvie tnam.vn/page5/thoi-su/2016-04-02/phat-trien-kinh-te- vung-trong-giai-doan-phat-trien-moi-o-viet-nam-30305
Nghiin aiu Kinh tis610(497) • Thing 10/2019 93
Mot so giai piiap v^ icien ngiii..
trong tflng van ban nhung chi la de dat nhflng muc tieu chung. Trinh tii lap quy hoach vung va ke hoach tai chinh ngUdc n h a u (Hoang Ngpe Phong, 2016). ChUa xay dUng dupc he tho'ng cd sd dfl lieu ve cac vflng, cac nganh, linh vUc Uu tien lien ke't vung, do do chUa danh gia dUdc qua t r i n h p h a t trien vung, hieu qua cua cac boat dpng lien ke't kinh te vung, hieu qua quan ly p h a t trien kinh te vung va hang loat cac boat dpng lien quan (Minh Hau, 2019).
4. C a c g i a i p h a p x a y di^ng k h u n g c h i n h s a c h , p h a p l u a t v e k i n h t e v u n g cf V i e t N a m
4.1. Nhom gidi phdp ve tU duy chinh sdch phdt trien kinh tevung
ThU nha't, can coi phat trien kinh te la qua trinh hpp tac gifla nha nude cac ea'p (vung, tinh, huyen, c6 sd) vdi khu viic doanh nghiep, gidi hpc t h u a t va cac td chflc xa hoi khac. Nang liic canh t r a n h la kdt qua cua ca hai qua trinh tfl dfldi len va tfl tren xud'ng, trong do moi tac n h a n co lien quan co vai tro rieng nhflng bo sung cho n h a u . Nhflng d i l n bien trong ddi so'ng kinh te chinh tri h Viet Nam hien nay cho tha'y, Chinh phu quyet tam ddi mdi phfldng thflc l a n h dao, ton trpng cac nguyen tac thi trUdng la dieu kien d l cd t h i thiic hien dfldc giai p h a p nay.
Thd hai, de tie'n h a n h xay dting k h u n g chinh sach, xac dinh iTnh vtic mui nhpn trong phat t r i l n vung, xac dinh cum nganh c l n chuyen mon hoa cua vung, e i n danh gia npi Iiic cua vung theo tieu chi canh t r a n h vflng. Ve nang Itic canh t r a n h vi mo: cha't Ifldng moi trUdng kinh doanh, t r i n h dp p h a t t r i l n ciim nganh, mflc dp t i n h xao cua doanh nghiep trong cum nganh do. Ve n a n g liic canh t r a n h vi mo vflng: h a t a n g xa hpi va bp may ehinh tri, quan ly n h a nudc, cac chinh sach ve ngan sach va dau tU eong. Ve cac yeu to'tfl thien: vi tri dia ly, tai nguyen thien nhien, quy md.
Thd ba, c l n tach biet k h u n g chinh sach p h a p luat ve kinh t d vung doi vdi vung kinh te xa hpi va vung kinh te trpng dilm, bcfi
dinh vi chidn lUdc hieu qua 2 vung hoan toan khac n h a u .
4.2. Gidi phdp tudn thu cdc bddc xdy^
dung khung chinh sdch, phdp ' " ? ' ^^
kinh tevdng cu the
Thd nhat, can nghien cflu, danh gia chi tiet npi lUc cua tflng vflng. d bUdc nay, cang chi tiet cang tot, kdt hdp so' hoa toan bp dfl lieu vflng. De xay dting chie'n lUdc p h a t t r i l n vung, can t r a Icti cau hdi:
- Vi t h e dpc dao da dUdc p h a t bieu tfldng minh chfla? Vi t h e n a y c6 giup tao r a hinh anh tich ctic cho vung/dia phUdng? Vi t h d nay c6 tao cam hflng cho ngudi d a n khong?
- Chien lupc c6 dfldc xay dflng t r e n cd sh cae diem m a n h ? Day co p h a i la cac d i l m manh thiic sfl so vdi cac v u n g , dia phfldng, qudc gia eanh t r a n h hay khong?
- Chien lupc c6 phfl hpp vdi xu the tidn hd trong k h u vtic va t r e n the gidi h a y khdng?
- Chien lUdc co kha thi h a y khdng (cac dilm yeu mau t h u i n vdi chien Ifldc co the dupc k h i c phuc hay h a n che khong?)
- Cai each kinh te ed nam trong mot tong the bao gdm ca nhflng cai each c h m h tri va xa hpi hay khong?
_ • t chi va sfl ddng t h u a n vd chi'nh tri da san sang de thuc hien chie'n ludc hay chUa''
- Nhflng uu tien chinh sach eo p h u hdp vdi chien lupc khong? Su lua chon va thie^
ke cua cac chmh sach dac bi§t? Trinh tfl thflc hien ehinh sach? " ' " " ^ ^^
ro rang t d i c ^ d ^ t u d n g ' c T b i fcf b"".'' "^"^
khong? H i u vuc t U n h L c d d u d e ^ b " ' " ' "
khdng? B i n t h a n eac cd quan nb ^ ^ dupc td chflc d l thuc h i r c h i S ' l u T ^ ^ ' khong? ^ ^ '""Jc n a y - Co Cd che phoi hop tong t h i ,^ ^. . luge khong? ^ ^ * ° A i S n
• Chat lugng cua cac co quan „,,.
cac t h i chg khac co a i d | th«c t h " ™ " - * luge mgt each hieu qua k h o n g ' ' "^ ''^*™
9 4 Ng/i/efi cAi Kinh iSsS tO(4Srf:y;;y-
"9 10/aoig
Mot so giai phdp va Itien ngtij
. Co eac Cd che do ludng sti tien bp va danh gia, dieu chinh chien lUdc khi ket qua dupc cai thien hay cac dieu kien k h a c t h a y doi hay khong?
Dua tren kdt qua tren, co t h e tie'n h a n h lap chien lUde p h a t trien k i n h t e cho vflng (ilia chpn hfldng va each di toi flu m a n g tinh tdng t h i trong 16 t r i n h p h a t t r i l n dai han).
Thd hai, tien h a n h xay dting quy hoach phat triln kinh te vflng. Tfl so lieu va dfl li§u tren, tien hanh soan thao quy hoach vflng. Can cfl phap ly la L u a t Quy hoach 2017. Quy hoaeh vung la dfla r a mpt ke hoach de thflc hi§n chien lUde p h a t t r i l n viing, sfl s i p xep cae p h i n viec de dat dfldc muc tieu. Ve mat ky t h u a t , v a n b a n quy hoach vung bao gdm mpt chudi co t r a t t u cac hanh dpng d i n d i t tdi viec thtic hien mot hay nhidu muc tieu da dti kien.
3711? ba, lap ke hoach p h a t trien k i n h td vung, Ke hoaeh vung de xua't nhflng phfldng thflc thflc hien mang t i n h k h a t h i cac chinh sach phat t r i l n da neu ra, t h u d n g dUdc xay dting va thUc hien cho k h o a n g thdi gian ngan nha't la 5 nam. Chung t a dang 6 dau?
Chung ta muon tie'n de'n dau? Lam t h e nao de tien den dd? Nhan biet t i e n do thiic hien bing each nao? Kd hoach thUdng d l bien dong va khong bi ddng k h u n g t r e n ly t h u y e t la mpt van ban dpng, luon dUdc cap n h a t va bo sung trong sudt qua t r i n h xay dflng va thiic hien. Hai thach thflc Idn nha't dam bao thiic thi ke hoach la nd Ifle t a p t h e chfl khong phai cua mot to chflc, mot nhom ldi ich hay eua edng ty tfl va'n; p h a i lien tuc nghien cflu d l dieu chinh va khi r a quye't dinh ddi hdi phai ed sii t h a m gia cua n h i e u ben. Cac nguyen tac cd b a n eua ke hoach phat trien: dam bao p h a t t r i e n ben vflng;
phoi hdp phat trien cac n g a n h k h a c n h a u va vdi kha nang cung flng n g a n sach; hieu biet day du ve t h i trflcing va dUa r a cac ke hoach dang tin cay, dfldc dam bao b i n g cac dti an dau tfl cdng; co sfl tham gia cua mpi t h a n h phan hen q u a n h cac ca'p khac n h a u , t r o n g
do CO sii t h a m gia cua ngfldi ngheo va vi ngfldi ngheo; thfla n h a n thtic trang eua eac k h u dan cu so'ng cf nhflng khu viic phi chinh thflc; d u a r a cac giai p h a p ehien lupc mang t i n h k h a thi, p h u hpp vdi hoan canh thuc te n h a m thflc hien cong tac hoach dinh phat trien va q u a n ly da't dai co hieu qua; hoach dinh chien Ifldc p h a i tao cd hpi va dieu kien d l CO t h e bd sung cac y tudng va cae each tiep can mdi, trong suo't qua trinh xay dting va thtic hien ke hoach chien lupc; xay diing he tho'ng giam s a t thtic hien va danh gia ket qua.
4.3. Nhom gidi phdp ve xdy dUng chinh sdch cho bg mdy qudn ly vung theo mo hinh chinh quyen phuc vu
x a y dflng chinh sach thiet lap to chflc quan ly vflng vdi the che boat dpng ro rang, CO tinh p h a p ly cao. To chflc quan ly theo vung cd ngudn tai chinh dpc lap, co tham quyen nha't dinh ddi vdi quy hoach trong vflng, quyen quyet dinh cao hdn quydn liic ca'p tinh, t h a n h p h d thupc tinh. NgUdi dflng d l u dfldc b a u trfle tiep vdi sfl tham gia bd phieu cua cac chu t h i kinh te trong vung:
chinh quyen cac dia phUdng trong vung, dai dien gidi doanh nghigp trong vung, dai dien cac td chflc xa hoi, cong ddng trong vflng.
T h a n h vien cua Td chflc bo may vung la dai dien cac chu t h i kinh te trong vung.
Xay dflng chinh sach t h a n h lap bp phan . chuyen mon nghien cflu va dti bao vung, dam bao t i n h chuyen mon, khoa hpc, khong mang tinh nhiem ky. C6 quy dinh vd mang ludi t h u thap, cap n h a t dfl lieu vflng cac cap dia phfldng thupc vflng, sd hda eac dfl heu lien q u a n den mpi Hnh vtic, mpi ddi tfldng thupc vung va tai vflng.
x a y dting chinh sach quy dinh ro chflc nang, nhiem vu, pham vi quan ly, che tai eho tflng ddi tfldng dupc p h a n cong quan ly vung.
Xay dflng chinh sach t h a n h lap, phan cong, to chflc danh gia hieu qua hoat dong cua ngfldi quan ly vung mot each dpc lap.
Nghiin ciiu Kinh te'si' 10(497) - Thing 10/2019 95
Mot so giai phdp vd Ifie'n nghi ,
4.4. Nhom chinh sdch phdt trien ngudn nhdn lUc xdy dung chinh sdch viing
Cu thi gdm: chinh sach nang cao trinh dp va ky nang eua ngfldi lam cong tac xay dting luat; chinh sach khuyen khich tfl hpc; chinh sach cap nhat thong tin lien quan den boat dpng xay dflng chinh sach, luat; chinh sach lien ket dao tao (quo'c te, trong nUdc).
4.5. Nhdm gidi phdp ve xdy dUng chinh sdch, phdp luat
x a y dting chinh saeh mang tinh dac t h u tflng vung, loai bo chinh sach khong phu hdp vdi kinh te thi trUdng, moi chinh sach deu kem theo phUdng an thtic hien, dae biet la ngudn liic dam bao va dieu kien thuc thi.
Cu the: chinh sach xac dinh vflng, mien, do'i tfldng cu t h i hfldng ho trd va tieu chi t h u hudng; chinh sach hd trd dam bao sinh ke tdi thieu; chinh sach quy dinh cac dieu khoan keu gpi, cam ket thue hien dau tU, to chflc da'u t h i u , xfl ly vi pham nguyen t i c t h i u . . . cd chd chia se ldi ich; chinh saeh quy dinh cdng khai t h u ttic hoat dong kinh doanh, sinh ke cua vflng; chinh sach quy dinh eong bd' thOng tin va che tai vi pham;
chi'nh sach dam bao canh t r a n h cong b i n g , minh bach trong mpi boat dpng kinh te;
chinh sach bao tdn gia tri van hda xa hpi vflng, dia phfldng; chinh sach moi trUdng;
chinh sach dam bao lien ket npi vflng, lien vflng trong ta't ca cac linh vtic phat t r i l n theo nguyen t i c cao nha't la hpi n h a p quo'c te; xay dting chinh sach, phap luat quy dinh p h a t t r i l n ke't ca'u ha tang, nha't la ket ca'u ha t i n g ky t h u a t (ha t i n g kinh te) vflng c l n dam bao dat dUdc 3 yeu cau: tinh he tho'ng cao, tinh vUdt trfldc va tinh hien dai; xay dflng chinh sach lien ket cae nganh, linh vflc {bao gdm: (i) xay dflng ehinh sach tang cUdng hdp tac khoa hpc, cong nghe, chuyin giao cong nghe; ho trd xay dflng cac t r u n g tam fldm tao cong nghe, Udm tao doanh nghiep khoa hpc, cdng nghe trong cae trUdng dai hpc, doanh nghiep, k h u cong nghiep tren dia ban tinh, t h a n h pho' trong vung, coi dd
la h a t n h a n cua boat dong flng dung khoa hpc, cong nghe va ddi mdi sang tao; Oi)^'^^^
dung chinh sach hoan thien va chia se he thdng Cd sd dfl lieu chung ve cac tinh, t h a n h pho thupc v u n g mien Trung, cac nganh kinh te, cac linh vile xa hoi, tie'n dp cac cong t r i n h trpng diem, dil an 16n trien khai tren dia ban, phuc vu xay diing va dieu phdi cac hoat dpng lien ket vung; (iii) xay diing cd chd xfl phat tai chinh cao de bao ve moi trUdng, bao ve ngudn nudc de p h a t trien ben vflng ddng bp eac ITnh vtic v a n hoa, xa hoi, bao dam an sinh, phuc ldi xa hpi, n a n g cao ddi song vat chat, tinh t h a n cua ngUdi dan, bao ve moi trfldng).
Chi tiet hoa cac chu trfldng, chinh saeh, ket hpp chat che viec p h a t trien kinh te - xa hpi vdi dam bao quo'c phong a n ninh, gifl vflng dn dinh ehinh tri va t r a t tti an t o a n xa hpi, dam bao eong tac phong thii tuydn bien gidi tren da't lien va tren biln./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. GIZ (2012), A Panicipatoiy Approach for Building Sustainable Local Economies, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Makati Philippines June 2013.
2. Van Huydn (2016), https://baodauthau.vn/dau- tu/xoa-xung-dot-trong-lap-quy.hoach-21790.html tniv
cap ngky 30-8-2019. ' 3. Luat Quy hoach (2017).
4. Hoang Ngpe Phong (chu biftn) (2016) ThS che'
te.aspx, tmy c i p ngiy 12-9-2019.
6. Minh Hin (2019), http://w„„ „ „ : 9-2019. • "">' * "eay 12-
Ngay nhan bai: 13-8-2019 Ngay nhan ban sira; 30-8-2019 Ngay duySt dang: 18-9-2019
96 Nghien c&j Kmh ISsg10(49?ry:—
lO/Jois
