Tuyin Tap Nghien Ciru Biin, 2010, XVII: 139-146
BO SUNG HAI LOAI THUOC CHI SINOPHYSIS CHO KHU HE TAO HAI ROI (DINOPHYTA) 6 VIET NAM
Ho Van The. Nguyen Ngoc Lam
Vien Hai duong hoc
Tom tat Hai loai tao hai roi song clay Sinophysis canalicidata Quod, Ten-Hage.
Turquet, Mascarell et Coute 1999 va S. microcephala Nie et Wang 1944 thuoc nganh tao hai roi (Dinophyta) duoc xac dinh va mo ta lan dau tien cho khu he tao hai roi ciia Viet Nam. Cac mau vat ciia hai loai tao nay dugc phan lap tir mgt so loai rong bien va co bien dugc thu tai cac viing bien ven bo va quan dao Truong Sa, Viet Nam. Hai loai S. canalicidata va S. microcephala dac trung cho viing nhiet dai. khac biet so voi tat ca cac loai con lai thuoc chi Sinophysis bai te bao co be mat vo tho rap vdi nhieu cham tro. Trong khi do 5 loai dac trung cho viing on ddi (S. ebriolum, S. stenosoma, S. grandi, S.
minima va S. verruculosa) co be mat vo rat min, ngoai trir loai 5.
verruculosa. Hinh dang te bao. dac biet la vet cat hinh chu U tren be mat tam trai d trung tam vo dudi ciia loai S. canalicidata la dac diem de phan biet loai S. canaliculata vdi S. microcephala.
TWO NEW RECORDED SPECIES BELONGING TO THE GENUS SINOPHYSIS TO THE FLORA OF DINOFLAGELLATE IN VIETNAM
Ho Van The, Nguyen Ngoc Lam
Institute of Oceanography
Abstract Two benthic dinoflagellates species of genus Sinophysis (Dinophyta) were identified and described as first records to dinoflagellate flora in Vietnam.
They are Sinophysis canalicidata Quod, Ten-Hage, Turquet, Mascarell et Coute 1999 and S. microcephala Nie et Wang 1944. The specimens of these species were collected from seaweeds and seagrasses along the coasts, Spratly archipelago, Vietnam. These species from the tropical regions differ from the all known species of Sinophysis genus in the highly areolate pattern on the theca. Whereas all Sinophysis species from the temperate regions (S.
ebriolum, S. grandis, S. minima, S. stenosoma and S. verruculosa) have smooth thecal surface with no ornamentation except S. verrucolusa. Cells of Sinophysis canaliculata differ from S. microcephala mainly in the present of the thecal cut with U - shape on the left hypotheca and the shape of the cell.
I. MO DAU
Chi tao hai roi song day Sinophysis duoc mo ta bdi Nie & Wang vao nam 1944 vdi loai chuan la S. microcephala (Nie &
Wang, 1944) duoc thu thap trong viing bien Shintsuen Kong, Hai Nam (Trung Quoc). Sau do. Balech (1956) da tu chinh loai Phalacroma ebriola Herdmann 1924 thanh 5. ebriolum (Herdman) Balech. Mdi day, Faust (1993) va Mohammad-Noor va cs. (2007) da mo ta chi tiet cau true be mat vo loai S. microcephala. Nhung nghien cuu mdi day da phat hien them 5 loai mdi ciia chi nay: S. canaliculata (Quod va cs., 1999). 5. stenosoma, S. grandis (Hoppenrath. 2000). 5. minima (Selina &
Hoppenrath, 2004) va S. verruculosa (Chomerat & cs.. 2009). Cho den nay chi tao Sinophysis co 7 loai. Loai Sinophysis microcephala va S. canaliculata dugc xem nhu la loai nhiet ddi, trong khi do 5 loai con lai la loai on ddi, cac loai thuoc chi Sinophysis deu la di dudng va khong co luc lap (Dodge. 1982; Larsen & Sournia,
1991; Faust, 1993; Quod va cs., 1999;
Hoppenrath, 2000; Selina & Hoppenrath, 2004; Chomerat & cs., 2009). O1 Viet Nam, chi Sinophysis chi mdi dugc phat hien d dao Da Nam (quan dao Trudng Sa), tuy nhien chua xac dinh dugc loai (Ho Van The & Nguyen Ngoc Lam, 2008). Trong nghien ciru nay chiing toi kiem tra chi tiet cau true be mat vo ciia chi tao nay va da xac dinh hai loai Sinophysis microcephala va S. canaliculata lan dau tien ghi nhan cho khu he tao hai roi ciia Viet Nam.
II. TAI LIEU VA PHlTONG PHAP l.Vj tri nghien cuu:
Mau tao hai roi song day dugc phan lap tir mgt so loai rong va co bien dugc thu d mgt so viing ven bien: dao Son Cha (Thira Thien Hue), ban dao Son Tra (Da Nang). Cii Lao Cham (Quang Nam), dao Ly Son (Quang Ngai), vinh Ghenh Rang (Binh Dinh). vinh Nha Trang (Khanh Hoa), vinh Ca Na. viing trieu My Hoa (Ninh Thuan). Cii Lao Cau (Binh Thuan), Con
Dao (Ba Ria - Vung Tau), Phu Qudc (Kien Giang), quan dao Trudng Sa.
2. Phuong phap thu mau ngoai thuc d|a:
Bang phuong phap thg lan co khi tai (SCUBA), cac miu vat rong bien va co bidn nhu Chnoospora, Colpomenia, Dictyota, Hormophysa, Padina, Sargassum va Turbinaria (Tao nau - Phaeophyceae, Heterokontophyta); Acanthophora, Aspar- agopsis, Ceratodictyon, Gelidiella, Graci- laria, Hypnea. Heminthocladia, Liagora, Laurencia, Galaxaura va Titanophora (Tao dd - Rhodophyta); Avrainvillea, Caulerpa, Codium, Dictyosphaeria, Ulva, Halimeda, Tydemania, va Udotea (Tao lire - Chlorophyta) va 5 loai cd bien Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemp- richii va Thalassodendron ciliatum dugc thu thap mot each nhe nhang cho vao cac tiii nhua 500 - 1.000ml, bao quan trong dieu kien mat va tdi. Cac mau vat dugc dua ve phong thi nghiem de tach cac loai tao hai roi khdi cac vat bam rong bien hoac cd bien.
3. Phuong phap xir ly va phan tich mau trong phong thi nghiem:
3.1. Xu ly mau:
Cac mau rong bien, cd bien dugc thu va cho vao cac lg nhua cd nap, lac manh nhieu lan de cho cac loai vi tao roi khdi vat bam (cac loai rong va cd bien) loai bd phan vat bam. chuyen phan nude cd tao hai roi sang mot lg nhua khac. Lgc va rua mau bang nude bien qua bd sang cd kich thudc thir tir nhu sau: 900, 250, 125, 63, 32, 20pm, khong giu lai cac phan vat chat tren sang lgc 250pm va 125pm. Sau do rua mau nhanh bang nude ngot rdi nhudm Calco-fluo White.
3.2. Nghien cuu hinh thai bang kinh hien vi quang hoc (Light microscope - LM):
Thanh phan loai tao hai roi cd vd song day dugc dinh loai va sap xdp theo tai lieu ciia Faust (1993), Quod & cs. (1999), Hoppenrath (2000), Selina & Hoppenrath (2004), Chomerat & cs. (2009). Sir dung
kinh hien vi Leica DMLB vai pha tuong phan va huynh quang co do phong dai tu 100 den 1.000 lan de quan sat va dinh loai te bao. Sir dung may ghi hinh ky thuat so de chup anh. Cac hinh anh minh hoa duoc xir ly bang phan mem Adobe Photoshop CS2 9.0.
3.3. Nghien cuu hinh thai bang kinh hien vi dien tu quet (Scan Electron Microscope - SEM):
Be xem cau true chi tiet be mat te bao, su sap xep cac tam vo, mau vat phai duoc quan sat bang kinh hien vi dien tu quet (SEM). Mau vat tu nhien duoc quan sat dudi kinh hien vi quang hoc hoac huynh quang de xac dinh doi tuong can quet. Sau khi chon mau vat, cho mot giot mau vao giua trung tam mang loc cac-bon co dudng kinh 16 5 pm. Dung nude cat rira sach muoi nhieu lan tren mang loc va mau vat. Dung con co nong do tir thap den cao dan theo thir tu: 15, 30, 50, 70. 90% de lam mat nude. Cuoi cirng lam kho mau bang con tuyet doi 99,99%. O moi do con mau vat dugc ngam tir 5 - 10 phut. Sau do mang loc co chira mau vat dugc dan tren mgt de nhom hoac de nhua da co san mang keo cac-bon co dudng kinh tuong tu vdi mang lgc. Phii mau bang vang hoac cac-bon, sau do dat mau vao kinh de quet. Cong viec quet anh dugc tien hanh tai Vien 69. Bd tu lenh bao ve lang Chu Tich Ho Chi Minh (Ha Noi).
III. MO TA
1. Loai Sinophysis canaliculata Quod, Ten-Hage, Turquet, Mascarell ct Coute 1999 (Hinh la-g):
Tai lieu dan: Quod et cd., 1999: p.
87, figs. 1 -16; Hoppenrath, 2000: p. 161.
fig. 43; Mohammad-Noor et cd., 2007: p.
660, figs. 24a - k.
Mo ta: Te bao Sinophysis cana- liculata hai tron khi quan sat tir mat ben (Hinh 2a). Chieu dai te bao 47 - 52pm.
rong 40 - 45pm, ti le dai/rong khoang 1.16 - 1,18. Vo tren nho va loi. Vo dudi ldn, co hai tam: tam phai va tam trai (Hinh la).
Dudi kinh hien vi quang hgc co the thay tren be mat tam trai cua vo dudi co vet cat hinh chu U nam ngay giira be mat te bao.
chieu dai vet cat khoang 10pm, cho rong nhat khoang 2,5pm (Hinh lb va e). Nhirng nghien cuu trudc day cho thay chieu dai vet cat tir 10 den 12pm (Quod & cs.. 1999;
Mohammad-Noor & cs., 2007). Ranh ngang hep va tron (Hinh lc). Ranh dgc nam tren tam vo phai va bat dau tir ranh ngang keo dai xuong hon 1/2 chieu dai phan vo dudi. Ben trai ciia ranh dgc co mgt dai vien mong (Hinh la va d). Be mat te bao co nhieu vet cham tro vdi nhieu num.
hinh tron, hinh da giac. Rat it cac num. nay ben trong co 16 nho hinh tron, dudng kinh 16 khoang 0,2pm (Hinh Id, e va g).
Sinh thdi vd phan bd: S. canaliculata la loai tao song day, dugc tim thay d dao Europa va Mayotte (Phap). loai thudng bam tren cac vat bam d nen day, hoac bam tren be mat mot so loai rong bien (Quod &
cs.. 1999). Trong nghien cuu ciia chung toi.
loai nay dugc phat hien tren mgt so rong bien: Padina, Sargassum, Turbinaria.
Galaxaura, Halimeda. Loai duoc tim thay d cac vung bien ven bd: ban dao Son Tra (Da Nang), dao Ly San (Quang Ngai), viing trieu My Hda, Ca Na (Ninh Thuan), Cir Lao Cau (Binh Thuan), Con Dao (Ba Ria - Vung Tau), Phu Qudc (Kien Giang) va ca viing bien khai. quan dao Trudng Sa.
O vinh Nha Trang, loai nay xuat hien gan nhu quanh nam. Tuy nhien mat dd ciia loai nay khong cao.
Hinh 1. Loai Sinophysis canaliculata Quod, Ten-Hage, Turquet, Mascarell et Coute 1999 - a va d: Hinh dang te bao nhin tir vo phai cho thay ranh doc (mui ten); - b va e: Te bao nhin tir vo
trai cho thay vet cat dai hinh chu' U (dau mui ten); - c: Cho thay ranh ngang va vo tren ciia te bao (mui ten); - g: Cau true 16 tren be mat vo te bao (dau mui ten). Cac hinh a va b: chup duoi
K.HVQH; cac hinh c - g: chup duoi KHVDTQ.
Fig. 1. Sinophysis canaliculata Quod, Ten-Hage, Turquet, Mascarell et Coute 1999 - a & d: Cell in right lateral view showing the sulcus (arrow); - b & e: Cell in left lateral view showing the thecal cut with U - shape (arrowhead); - c: Epitheca in right lateral view showing the
cingulum (arrow); - g: Detail of the thecal pores (arrowheads) ( a, b: LM. - c, d, e & g: SEM) Thao luan: Hinh dang te bao ciia
loai Sinophysis canaliculata rat giong vai loai Sinophysis microcephala. Tuy nhien, te bao Sinophysis canaliculata co kich thuoc lan hon Sinophysis microcephala (Faust, 1993; Hoppenrath, 2000; Quod &
cs., 1999; Selina & Hoppenrath, 2004), mau vat trong nghien ciru cua chung toi cung cho thay kich thuoc ciia S.
canaliculata luon luon lan han S.
microcephala. Cac nghien cuu trudc day ciing cho thay kich thuoc ciia S.
canaliculata lan han cac loai con lai, ngoai trir loai S. grandis (Bang 1, Hinh 3). Hinh dang te bao S1. canaliculata gan nhu tron,
trong khi do S. microcephala hai dai. Ti le dai/rong cua S. microcephala ciing lan han so voi loai S. canaliculata. Ti le nay ciia mau vat thu tai Viet Nam la 1,16 - 1,18 tuong tu voi mo ta cua Quod va cs. (1999) cho loai S. canaliculata. Mot dac diem rat dang chii y doi vdi loai Sinophysis canaliculata la tren be mat tam trai d trung tam ciia vo dudi co vet cat hinh chu U, trong khi do 6 loai con lai khong co dac diem nay. Day la mot trong nhirng dac diem quan trong nhat de phan biet loai S.
canaliculata vdi cac loai khac ciia chi Sinophysis (Quod & cs., 1999).
Bang 1. So sanh mot so dac diem hinh thai cua 7 loai cua chi Sinophysis (L: chieu dai, W: chieu rong)
Table 1. Morphological and biometric comparisons of Sinophysis species (L: length; W: width)
T T Loai Dac diem
Tai lieu T T Loai Kich thudc
(um) Ti le
LAV Be mat vo Tai lieu
1 5. microcephala
L : 42 - 44
W : 33 - 35 1,25 - 1,28 - Nhieu cham tro Faust (1993) 1 5. microcephala L:40-45
W : 30-35 1,29- 1,33 Nhieu cham tro, khong
co vet cat chu U Nghien ciru nay 2 S. canaliculata
L : 45 - 57
W : 37 - 51 1,11 - 1.14 Nhieu cham tro, co
vet cat chu' U Quod & cs. (1999) 2 S. canaliculata L : 47 - 52
W:40-45 1.16 - 1.18 Nhieu cham tro, co
vet cat chu' U Nghien cuu nay 3 S. ebriolum L:35-45
W : 25 - 31,5 1,2 - 1,5 Min Hoppenrath (2000) 4 S. stenosoma L : 37 - 56
W : 21 - 33 1,43 - 1,89 Mjn Hoppenrath (2000) 5 S. grandis L : 50 - 59
W:35-41,5 1,29-1.61 Min Hoppenrath (2000) 6 S. minima L : 17,5 - 35
W: 15-27,5 1,11 - 1,42 Min Selina & Hoppenrath (2004)
7 S. verruculosa L : 52,2 - 57,8
W: 43,2 - 51 It mjn Chomerat & cs.
(2009) 2. Loai Sinophysis microcephala Nie et
Wang 1944 (Hinh 2)
Tai lieu dan: Nie & Wang 1944: p.
146, figs.l - 8; Faust 1993: p. 355, figs. 1 - 11; Mohammad-Noor et al. 2007: p. 660, figs. 25a - h.
Md ta: Te bao Sinophysis microcephala co dang hoi dai, nhung tron d phan cuoi te bao khi nhin tir' mat ben (Hinh 2a va b).
Chieu dai te bao 40 - 45pm, rong 30 - 35pm. Ti le dai/rong la 1.29 - 1.33. Theo Faust (1993), ti le nay la 1.25 - 1,28. Vo tren nho va loi. Vo duoi gom hai tam.
Ranh ngang hep. Ranh doc hep nam ben phai cua tam vo phai va keo dai xuong hon 2/3 chieu dai phan vo duoi. Phan cuoi ciia ranh doc hoi mo rong (Hinh 2a, c, e va i).
Be mat te bao ciia ca tam vo phai va trai co nhieu vet cham tro, voi nhung num hinh tron hoac hinh trirng. Co hai loai 16 tren be mat vd, mot loai nam ben trong cac nirm, mot loai nam a ben ngoai. duong kinh lo trung binh 0,2pm (Hinh 2d, e, g va h). Doc vien mep te bao cac niim co hinh dang da giac (Hinh 2i).
Sinh thdi vd phan bo: Sinophysis microcephala la loai nhiet doi, song day.
Te bao duoc phat hien tren nen day trong rirng ngap man, ran san ho, mau vat thu dugc khi nhiet do nuoc 25 - 27,5°C va do man dao dong 30 - 34%o (Faust, 1993).
Loai nay dugc phat hien 6 vinh Nha Trang vao cac thang miia kho (thang 4 - 8), viing trieu Ca Na, dao Cir Lao Cau, Con Dao, quan dao Truong Sa. Tan suat xuat hien ciia loai nay rat thap so voi loai Sinophysis canaliculata. Loai Sinophysis microcephala thuong bam tren mot so rong bien Galaxaura, Dictyocta va Padina.
Thao luan: Sinophysis microcephala vai nhung dac diem khac vai S.
canaliculata nhu da mo ta tren, ngoai ra 5.
microcephala co ranh dgc dai han so vai ranh dgc ciia loai S. canaliculata. Hai loai nay dac trung cho viing nhiet dai. S.
canaliculata va 5". microcephala co be mat vo tho rap vai nhieu 16, trong khi do 4 loai (5. ebriolum, S. stenosoma, S. grandis va 5.
minima) lai co be mat vo rat min (Hoppenrath, 2000; Selina & Hoppenrath.
2004). Nghien cuu mai day, cho thay 3). Trong khi do hai loai dac trung cho nhirng loai cira chi Sinophysis dac trung viing bien nhiet ddi. be mat vo co nhieu cho viing bien on ddi co cau true be mat vo cham tro (Chomerat & cs.. 2009).
min, ngoai trir loai 5. Verruculosa (Hinh
Hinh 2. Loai Sinophysis microcephala^^ et Wang 1944
- a. c: Hinh dang te bao nhin tir vo phai cho thay ranh ngang va ranh doc (dau miii ten); - e: te bao nhin tir vo phai, cho thay ranh doc md rdng phan cudi (mui ten) - b, d va g: Te bao nhin tir vd trai; -
h: Cau true 16 tren be mat vd, 16 nam ben trong num trdn (dau mui ten) va Id ben ngoai (mui ten); - i: Cau true phan md rdng ciia ranh doc va cac niim vien mep te bao (dau miii ten). Cac hinh a - d:
chup dudi KHVQH; cac hinh e - i: chup dudi KHVDTQ.
Fig. 2. Sinophysis microcephala Nie et Wang 1944.
- a, c & e: Cell in right lateral view showing the sulcus and cingulum (arrowheads); - b, d & g: Cell in left lateral view : - h: Two types of areolae on the theca (arrowheads and arrow); - c: Epitheca in
right lateral view showing the cingulum (arrow); - i: Detail of the posterior sulcal opening (arrowhead). ( a - d: LM; e - i: SEM)
Hinh 3. Hinh dang ciia cac loai thuoc chi Sinophysis
a. S. canalicula (Quod & cs., 1999); b. S. microcephala (Nie & Wang, 1944); c. S. verrucolusa (Chomerat & cs., 2009); d. S. ebriolum; e. S. grandis; g. 6". stenosoma (Hoppenrath, 2000); h. S.
minima (Selina & Hoppenrath, 2004). Thudc ti le 10 urn Fig. 3. Cell shape of Sinophysis
a. S. canalicula (Quod & cs., 1999); b. 5". microcephala (Nie & Wang, 1944); c. S. verrucolusa (Chomerat & cs., 2009); d. S. ebriolum; e. S. grandis; g. 5. stenosoma (Hoppenrath, 2000); h. S.
minima (Selina & Hoppenrath, 2004). Scale bars: 10 |im LOT CAM ON
Cong trinh nay duoc sir tai tro ciia de tai khoa hoc va cong nghe trong diem cap Nha nuoc, ma so KC.09.03/06 - 10.
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Ngudi nhan xet:
- PGS.TS. Nguyen Huu Dai - TS. Le Nhu Hau
