NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG
Siif DUnC BHH DO TII DUV TROflC DHU HOC UCH SUf
TliS. Hoing Thj MjH^nh Tru&ng DHSP- Dgi hgc ThdiNguyin SUMMARY
In current practice, many students learning history passively, merely remember a mechanical knowledge without practice thinking skills. All public school students only know all that, remember the historical knowledge in a discrete and very quickly forgotten. One of the effective methods to inspire learning and active learning activities of students in the subject of history is the use of Mind Mapping in teaching.
NMn bii ng^y 15/11/2013, ngiy duyit ding 25/12/2013
Lich sd Id mgt trong nhihig b$ mdn khoa hge xd hgi quan trgng trong nha trudng. Ljeh sd gidp cho the hf tre hieu r5 coi nguon ddn tOe, biit dugc qud khd cda to tien vd ty hdo vl truyen thong dan tgc. Muon tam cac tilt hgc Ijch sd trd nen sinh dgng vd hap dan hon, ngodi vi^e cung cap ddy dd nhihig kiln thdc co bdn, giao vien can phdi su dyng cac phuong ti$n, dl dung dgy hgc mgt each hgp li de tdi hien dugc nhiing sy ki^n Ijch sd da diln ra. Trong thyc tl hi^n nay, nhieu hgc sinh hgc tap mdn Ijch sd m$t cdeh thy d$ng, ehi don thudn la nhd kiln thdc mgt cdch mdy mdc ma chua ren luyfn kT ndng tu duy. Hgc sinh ehi hgc bai nao biet bdi dd, nhd ede kiln thde Ijch su mOt cdch rdi rgc vd rdt nhanh qu€n. Mpt trong nhihig phuong phdp gdy hdng thd hge tgp va tieh eye hoa hogt dgng hge tap eua hge sinh trong bg mdn Ijch sd la su dyng Bdn do tu duy.
d trudng pho tiidng, trong phdn kilm tra kiln thuc cO, giao vien thudng sd dyng mgt cau hdi y€u cau hge sinh tai hifn Igi mgt phdn ngi dung bai hgc trudc, cdch nay vd tinh dl nhilu hgc sinh roi vao tmh trgng hge v^t, dgc thu$c Idng ma khdng hieu bdn chat, khdng cd "hinh dnh tryc quan" lien h? giilia kiln thdc dd duge hgc vdi kiln thdc sdp dugc kham pha. Do vgy, gido vien edn phdi doi mdi each kiem tra ddnh gid. l^ng dyng bdn dl tu duy trong phdn kiem tra kiln thdc eu ed y nghTa quan trong doi vdi
vi$c ddnh gid dugc phan nhd vd phan hieu ciia hgc sinh. Cac bdn do tu duy dua ra trong phan kiem tra thudng dua ra d dgng thieu thong tin.
Gido vien yeu cau hge sinh dien cdc thdng tin cdn thilu va rdt ra nh§n xet vl mli quan h? eCia cae nhanh thong tin vdi tu khoa trung tdm. Vi dy: Sd dyng ban do tu duy vao phdn kilm tra bdi eu trudc khi dgy tilt 2 bdi 27 SGK Ljch su 9
"Cupc khdng chiin todn quoc chdng thf/rc dSn Phdp xam luffc kit thdc (2953 -1954)". Gido vien yeu cdu hge sinh hoan thanh so dl tu duy sau de thay duge kl hogch, chu truang eda Ddng ta va kl hogch chu truong cua thye dan Phdp:
Hinh 1
Hgc sinh l£n bdng hoan thanh so dl tu duy, gido vien ySu edu hgc smh dudi lap nh|in xet de cd mgt Ban dl tu duy hoan chinh vl kl hogch, chu truong cua Ddng va thye dan Phap trong giai dogn 1953-1954(Hinh"2)
Nhu vdy, dl hodn thanh dugc so dl tu duy, hgc sinh phai hilu bdi vd phai tong hgp dugc kiln thue dd hgc d tilt hgc trudc. Khi dd hodn thdnh so do tu duy hge sinh s6 ed "hinh dnh"
21 • TAP CHt THI^B|GIA0DMC-S6101-1/2014
BBBBSHail
Hinh 2 tryc quan vl tinh hinh eda Yi^ Nam trong giai dogn 1953-1954 theo y hieu eua minh, td dd cae em s6 nhd bai dugc lau hon, ndm chdc kiln thdc ljch sd hon.
Trong phdn dien biln, nguyen nhdn thdng Igi vd y nghia lich sd cda phan 2: Chien djch ljch sd Di^n BiSn Phu (1954), gido vien ed thi sd dyng bdn do tu duy bdng cdch dua ra chu de ehung cda bdi hgc. Trong qud trinh tim hilu vl dien biln eua ehiln djch, hgc sinh sS tim hilu thdng tin trong sdch giao khoa dk ddng gdp ede y vdo cac nhanh nhdm hodn thi$n bdn do tu duy.
Giao vien cd thi to chdc cdc hogt d^ng dgy hgc theo cdc hogt d^ng co ban sau:
Hogt dgng I: Hgc sinh lap bdn do tu duy theo nhom.
Giao vien dua ra kiln thdc trgng tam cua bai la Chiin djch Difn Bien Phu dd cung Id dimg tdm cda ban dl tu duy. Chia Idp thdnh 6 nhdm, cde nhdm cd nhdm trudng, thu ky nhdm. Gido viSn phdt mSi nhdm 1 td gidy A3, m^t but dg vd yeu cau cae nhdm tim hilu thong tin trong sdch gido khoa dl xdc djnh cdc ngi dung kiln thdc trgng tam cua bai hge do chinh la cac nhanh chinh cda ban dl tu duy.
Kiln thdc trgng tdm cua bdi bao gIm:
+ Cii diem Di?n Bi6n Phu ma Phdp xay dyng.
+ Cdc dgt tien cong cua qudn ta.
+ Hi^p dinh Ra - Ne - Vo
+ Nguyen nhdn thdng Igi va y nghia Ijch sd.
Cdn cd vao cdc kiln thde trong sdch gido khoa, cac nhdm thilt kl ban dl tu duy theo f tudng cua nhdm minh tren giay A3.
Hogt dgng 2. Bdo cdo, thuyet minh ve bdn do tuduy.
Gido vien yeu cdu cdc nhdm boc thdm de chgn thu ty len trinh bay, cdc nhom idn lugt treo bdn dl tu duy eda nhdm minh dd thiet ke len bdng.
- Cdc nhdm cd dgi di^n cda nhdm minh len thuyet minh vl ban dl tu duy cua nhom minh dd thiet lap.
- Hgc sinh dudi Idp theo doi va ghi y kien nhgn xet ve vi?c thiet kl ban do tu duy cua nhdm bgn.
Hogt dgng 3. Thdo lugn, chinh si^a di hodn thi^n bdn do tudi^.
Gido vien to chuc cho hpc sinh thdo lu|in dl nhgn xet ve bdn dd tu duy thi hifn npi dung bdi hpc.
Hogt dgng 4. Cung cd kiin thuc bdng bdn dd tuduy.
Giao vien cho hpc sinh ISn trinh bay va thuyet minh ve ngi dung cua ba! hgc thdng qua 1
TAP CHf T H I ^ BJ GlAO DgC - Sd 101 -1/2014 • 29
NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG
bdn do tu duy md gido vien dd chudn hi sdn hodc I ban do tu duy md cac em vua thiet ke vd cd Idp dd chinh sda.
Qua vi dy tren, gido vien sd dyng bdn do tu duy dl triln khai ngi dung phdn bai hge mdi, ddng thdi su dyng ngay bdn do tu duy vda lgp de edng cl kiln thdc cho hge smh. Dilu nay giup hgc sinh ndm duge kiln thde vd ghi nhd ngi dung ciia chiin djch ngay tgi Idp. Mdt khdc, dudd sy tl chdc vd hudng dan ciia gido vien, hpc sinh ty xdy dyng, hodn thi^n ban do tu duy gdp phan phdt huy tinh tich eye, chd dgng, sdng tgo eda hgc sinh.
Vi^c kit hgp ddng bdn do trong sdch gido khoa, bdn do tu duy ljch sd, trinh bdy rd ngi dung bai hgc, khdng chi td mau sde, dudng nettr€n ban do, cua sy ki|n lich sd.... md con chinh la ngi dung cua bdn do, so do .... phu hgp vdi nOi dung m6n hpc, thu hut sy chd
</ cda hge sinh. Su dyng bdn do tu duy tryc quan trong bdi hgc 1dm cho khong khi Idp hgc them sdi noi, hgc sinh hgc tap mgt cdeh hdo hdng. Vi$c sd dyng bdn do tu duy s@ tdc
dOng den hge sinh bdng nhiSu hudng: Hgc sinh cd thi nghe, nhin, suy nghT, hogt dgng tu duy, hogt dgng bdng ngdn ngd. Sy hdp dan doi vdi hpc sinh trong gid hpe ndy duge ndy sinh tu yeu cdu tim tdi, hieu biet. Cdc hinh dnh tryc quan tu bdn do gido khoa, bdn do tu duy,.... trong dgy hgc ljch sd cd tdc dgng rdt Idn din suy nghT cua cdc em. Chung gido dye eho cdc em vl truyen thong, tinh thdn yeu nude, long ty hao dan t$e, sde manh dodn kit toan dan t$e.
TAI LI^U THAM KHAO 1. Tdi Ii$u tap huan ve Ban do tu duy ciia Tien sy Trdn Dinh Chdu vd Tien s^ D$ng Thj Thu Thuy theo dy dn THCS II nam hpe 2009 - 2010
2. Phan Ngpc LiSn (chd biSn), Dii mdi phuong phdp dgy hge mdn Ljch sd d trudng pho tiidng.
3. Tony Buzan, Ban do tu duy trong edng vi?e, nhd xuat ban Lao dgng - Xd hgi.(2007)
4. http://bandotuduy.violet.vn.
NGHIEN COU MOT SO CHi TIEU
4. Kit lu$n
Chieu cao cda hge sinh khii THPT d huy^n Cao Ldnh, tinh Ding Thdp tdng nhanh d dg tuoi 16- 17,dd$tuli 17- 18tangch|imlgivdtii|lm chi khdng tdng. Trong edng m$t dg tuoi nhung chilu cao d nam thu^g eao hon d nii'.
Doi vdi nam, d d0 tuoi td 16 -18 khii tugng CO thi tang ddn. Dii vdi nO*, khil lugng tdng d dp tuli 16 -17 va gidm d d$ tuoi 17 -18.
Huylt dp tam thu vd tdm truong thay dll theo dp tuoi vd thay doi theo gidi tinh. Trong edng mgt d^ tuli thi huylt dp tam thu vd tam truong cda nam luon cao han nO*.
T A I L I ? U THAM KHAO 1. B | Y te , Cdc gid tri sinh hgc ngu&i Vi$t Nam bmh thuong thgp ky 90 • thi ky XX. NXB Yhgc.(2003)
L» (Tiip theo trang27)
2. Ting eye thing ke , Cdc chi tiiu, chisd phdt triin con nguoi. NXB Hd N§i.(2003)
3. V6 Hung, Atlat nhdn trdc hgc ngu&i Vi$t Nam trong lua tudi lao dgng, NXB Khoa hgc va Ky thugt. Ha Npi.(1986)
4. Trjnh Vdn Minh vd cpng sy, Cdc chi tieu nhdn trdc ngu&i l&n. Bdo cdo todn vdn du dn dieu tra co bdn mgt sd chi tiiu sinh hgc nguai Vi4t Nam binh thuong & thgp ky 90. BO Y te - B0 K I hogeh va Ddu tu.(2000)
5. Nguyen Tdn Gi Trpng, Hdng sd sinh hgc ngu&i f?^/Aam.NXB HdNgi.(1975)
6. L6 Vdn Tung vd cgng sy, "Tdng trudng thi chdt cda hgc smh Yi^t Nam trong nhihig ndm dau thi ky XXI", Hgi nghi ^dwa hgc qudc te vi y hgc vd v^ sinh mdi tru&ng Idn thir 2, NXB Y hgc.(2005)
30 • TAP CHl THI^BIGlAO Dgc-sd 101-1/2014
