Tape •-::. -:: 2:-:. - . •\:l\ep Viei Nai-^
D6 Dinh Thuan. 2001. San xuat Ifla gao: Hien tai va Ahmad, Rauf .\., Musa B., 2010. Prospecting grain txianghl Tap chi hoat dong KH - Bg KHCS <S: MT, qualit)- of basmati varieties in different ecologies, 2001(5): 9-10. 3rd International Rice Congress, VietNam-IRRI, DUdng Xuan Tii, Pham Thien Thanh, Tang Thi Diep, ^o- ^~^=''" CD-ROM.
ToogThiHuyen, Le Thi Thanh, 2018. Cng dung chi Gonzales O.M., Ramirez R., 1998. Genetic variability thi phan tfl trong chpn tao giong lua thdm, khang and path analysis in rice grown in saline soil.
b?nh bac Id cho cac tinh phia Bac. Tcip chi Khoa hgc Inlernalional Rice Research NcwJettcr, 23-3-19.
& Cong nghe Viel Nam, 60(2): 59-64. IRRJ 2002. Standard Evalualion of Rice. International Nguyen Thi Tram, 2001. Chgn giong lua lai NXB Ndng Rice Rearch Institute, Los Panos, Philippines.
nghiep. tr. 64-67. Somrith B., 1996. Khao Dawk Mali 105: Problems, TCVN 8373:2010. Tieu chuan qudc gia ve Gao trang research efforts and future propects. Report of the - Danh gia chat lUdng cam quan cOm bdng phuong INGER monitoring visit on fine-grain aromatic rice phap cho diem do Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien in India, Iran, Pakistan and Thailand, IRRI, Manila, ndng thdn ban hanh. Philippines, pp. 102-111.
Evaluation of growth, yield and quality
of aromatic rice variety-HDTlO in Tich Giang, Phuc Tho, Hanoi
Phung Ihi nhu Ha. Do Tin Thanh Hoa Abstract
The aromatic rice variety HDTIO (bred by the Field Crop Research Insiiiute) was evaluated and compared to the inbred cultivars KDi8, BT7, HTl (popularly cultivated in Tich Giang, Phuc Tho, Hanoi) in the spring and summer crop of 2017 The results showed (hat HDTIO was a short growth duration variety (134 days in spring crop and 105 days in summer crop) and suitable for nee production in Tich Giang, Phuc Tho. This variety could be cultivated both in spring and summer crop. HDTIO variet)' showed many better characteristics such as: the yield of HDTIO (55,0 - 59,1 quintal/ha) was higher than KD18, BT7, HTl, both in spring and summer crop and had less pest, disease infection. HDTIO variety had white, aromatic, soft, and sticky grain like BT7, HTl. HDTIO variety is suitable for replacing the inbred nee varieties grown in Tich Giang, Phuc Tho.
Keywords: Aromatic rice, HDTIO nee variety, quality, Tich Giang - Phuc Tho, yield
Ngay nhan bai: 10/02/2020 Ngfldi phan bien: TS. Pham Xuan Liem Ngdy phan bien: 15/02/2020 Ngay duyet dang: 27/02/2020
DANH GIA CAC YEU TO ANH Hl/CfNG DEN SINH TRl/dNG PHAT TRIEN
VA N A N G S U A T C U A L U A TREN DAT NHIEM MANLe Van Dung' va Do Mmh NhUt- TOM T A T
San xuat lua trong he thong canh tac torn - liia co nhieu kho khan, nang suat Ilia thap lioac bj chel sau thoi gian canh tac. Nghien ciiu nay nham thiet lap mot mo hmh tUdng quan sil dung phan Cich da bien thong qua smartPLS.
de xac dinh cac yeu to dong thdi anh hucmg den su sinh truflng phat triSn va nang suat ciia lua. Nghien cilu duoc tien hanh theo doi va lay mau tren 40 ruong nong dan canh tac mo hinh torn - lua tai hai huyen An Minh va An Bien thugc tinh Kien Giang, Theo doi sil sinh trudng ciia lua qua cac giai doan 20 ngay sau sa, 45 ngay sau sa. 60 ngay sau sa v.i triidc khi thu hoach (90 ngay sau sa), cac chi tieu ghi nhan gom (chieu cao cay lua. so choi) vi nang suit (trong lilcmg/ha. sinh khoi cay/ha), mltjc tiKji. loai giong gieo trong (.Mot bui do. OM 2517). mat dp sa. yeu to phan bon sil dung nhat la viec bon voi va phan hOu co cung dU0c ghi nhan. Sinh trUdng phat trien ciia Ilia bj anh huilng dong thdi bdi dac tinh dat (kha nang trao ddi cation, ham luong natri trao ddi. canxi trao ddi va % bio hda nairi).
nudc tudi. phan bdn sil dung (cd bdn vol 500 kg/ha va bdn vdi ke't hop 01 tan phin hClu co/ha). mat do ciy/m%
sd bong/m-. sinh klioi cay/ha va til do anh hudng den nang suit liia vdi a 3% vi gia tri t > 1.96 thi md hinh cd y nghia.
Md hinh tuong quan de xac dinh cac yeu td anh hudng den sinh trUdng va nang suit liia duac tao ra phii hdp vi cd ' Khoa Ndng nghiep, TrUdng Dai hoc Can Tho; = Sd Ndng nghiep & PTXT tinh Kien Giang
.::>cni Khe •' oc Cong nghe Nong ''Qn<epVietNa--
gia tri cao de dU doan. bdi vi gia tri lien quan du doan Q' = 98,65%. DUa tren ket qud md hinh, d^c tinh dai troii!:
rudngluala>eu to chinh ma trflc tiep va gian tiep anh hudng den sinh tnidng phat trien (gia tri t = 45,018 > l.^t'*
va nang suat {gid tri t = 25,643 > 1.96) cua lua trdng tren ddt nhiem man trong md hinh canh tac tdm - lua.
Tfl khda: Md hinh ldm - lua, md hinh tiidng quan, dat man, nang suat lua I. DAT VAN DE
iMd hinh canh tac tdm - lua la md hinh rat thich hop cua vflng dat nhiem man theo mua va dn dinh hdn ve mat kinh te va sinh thai so vdi md hinh chuyen tdm. Trong thflc te, md hinh tdm - lua cung gdp khd khan, ndng suat lua thap hoac bi chet sau thdi gian ngdn, cd the do mdi trfldng dat bi nhiem man, tfl dd anh hfldng den sfl sinh trfldng va nang suat lua (Joseph et al, 2010; Thitisaksakul el al. 2015).
Theo nghien cflu cua Fageria (2012), Le Van Dung va cpng tdc vien (2016) cho thay phdn hflu co vd vdi cai thi?n sinh trfldng phat trien cua lua. Ben canh dd, mpt sd nghien cflu cua Sanusan va cpng tac vien (2010), Zhu vd cpng tdc vien (2010), Vd Thi Gfldng va cpng tac vien (2016) cho thay dac tinh dat, nfldc, phan bdn va mdi trfldng anh hiidng dang ke den sfl sinh trfldng trfldng vd phdt trien cfla Ifla. Tuy nhien, cac nghien cflu dflpc tien hdnh vd phan tich dan thuan, mang tinh chat rieng le, tflng yeu to anh hfldng md khdng xem xet mdi quan he trong he thdng da bien cac yeu td dnh hfldng. Bdi vi, trong tfl nhien, cdc yeu td mdi trfldng dat, nfldc, sinh tnidng cay trdng, phan bdn, qua trinh canh tdc, tdc ddng ddng thdi vdi nhau vd dnh hfldng den sinh trfldng va phat trien cfla cay lua trflc tiep hoac gian tiep.
Do dd, muc tieu cua nghien cflu nay xdy dflng mpt md hinh tflPng quan da bien cdc yeu to dnh hfldng den cay lua tren ddt nhiem man trong md hinh canh tac tdm - lua, tfl dd danh gia tdng hpp cdc yeu to dnh hfldng den sinh trfldng phdt trien vd nang suat
cua lua trdng tren dat nhiem man va dfla ra md hinh tflong quan cdc yeu td anh hfldng den cay lua.
n . DOI TUONG VA PHUONG P H A P N G H I £ N CCfU 2.1. Doi tfltfng nghien cflu
Nghien cflu thflc hien tren 02 ddi tflOng:
Dac tinh dat rupng canh tdc lua bi nhiem man trong md hinh canh tac tdm - lua gdm: pH, ECe (dp dan dien cua dung dich trich bao hda), kha nang trao ddi cation (CEC), chat hflu ccS, sodium hda tan va hap phu tren phflc he hap thu; ESP the hien ly le % cfla sodium trao ddi tren CEC; potassium, calcium va magnesium trao doi.
Sinh trfldng vd phat trien cua lua trong mdt mfla vu canh tdc cung dflpc nghien cflu gdm; loai gidng gieo trdng, mat dp gieo sa, nfldc tfldi, bdn vdi, bdn phan hflu cP, chieu cao cay, sd chdi, sinh khdi cay/ha va nang suat.
2.2. Phfltfng phap nghiSn cflu 2.2.1. PhUdngphdp thu mdu vdphan tich
Nghien cflu dupc tien hdnh theo doi va lay mdu Iren rupng ndng dan canh lac md hinh tdm - liia tai hai huyen An Minh va An Bien thudc linh Kien Giang. Mau dat difflc thu bdng khoan tay 20 cm tang mat rupng lua cua md hinh tdm - lua vdo khoang 30 ngay sau sa. Mau dat dflpc thu tai 9 diem tren rupng. sau dd trdn lai thdnh mpt mau dai dien.
Bang 1. Phupng phap phan tich mdt so chi tieu hda hpc dat Phiidng phdp phan tich Chi tieu _^ ^ _ ^
Dat dflpc bao hoa niidc, dung dich dat dUpe trich hiit qua sfl dung may hflt chan khdng.
Dat dupc trich vdi nUdc khfl khoang theo ty le 1 ; 30 va Na" hda tan trone dung dich trich dUpc do tren mdy hap thu nguyen tfl.
Dat dupc trich vdi dung dich BaCI^ 0,]M, Na' sau khi trao doi vdi Ba'" dUoc do tren mdy hap thu nguyen tfl (Payment and Lyons, 2011). Ham luone Na*
trao ddi trong dat la iUdng Na" trao ddi trich dat vdi dung dich BaC! trfl di lupng Na' hda tan do ly trich dat vdi nUdc.
Kha nang trao ddi cation Phan tich theo phUdng phap trao ddi vdi dung dich BaCI^O.lM khdng dem (Cation exchange capacit)- - CEC) (Payment and Lyons. 2011).
Phdn tram bao hda Xa" (-ESP) DUpc tinh todn dfla vao cdng Uiflc: ESP (%) = 100 « (Na* trao doi)/ CEC, Chat hflu cd (%C) Global Soil Laboratory Netn-ork GLOSOLAN (2019).
ECe, pH dat Sodium hda tan
I Sodium trao ddi
TopchiK'-QGhcc Cc-^g "gne \6nQ naiveo \'it_
Mdt sd ddc t i n h h d a h p c dat dflpc p h a n tich g o m : p H , ECe ( d o d a n d i e n c u a d u n g dich trich b a o hda), k h a n a n g t r a o d o i cation ( C E C ) , chat hflu cd. s o d i u m h d a tan vd h a p p h u t r e n phflc h e h a p thu; ESP the hien ty le % cua s o d i u m t r a o doi t r e n CEC; p o t a s s i u m , calcium va m a g n e s i u m t r a o ddi.
Theo ddi sfl s i n h trUdng cua lua q u a cac giai d o a n 20 ngay sau sa, 45 ngay sau sa, 60 ngdy sau sa vd trfldc khi t h u h o a c h (90 ngdy sau sa), cdc chi tieu ghi n h a n g d m chieu cao cdy lua, sd chdi va n a n g suat (trpng Iflpng/ha, sinh klidi c a y / h a ) ; nfldc tfldi, loai gidng gieo t r d n g , m a t d p gieo sa, yeu td p h a n b d n sfl d u n g n h a t la viec b d n vdi va phdn hflu cP c u n g dflpc ghi n h a n vd t h e o ddi.
2.2.2. Md hinh nghien ctiu
Nghien cflu p h a n tich da bien b a n g p h a n m e m SmartPLS 3.2.8 m a n g u d n m d t h e o Ghozali (2008)
va Ringle va c d n g tdc vien (2015), voi 120 dfl heu ghi n h d n tai 40 r u p n g cua 40 h d c a n h tdc lua tren dat n h i l m m a n t r o n g m d h i n h t d m - lua (vdi 0 3 Ian lap lai/hd) vd tao t r o n g M S Excel 2010 d e thiet lap cau t r u e m d h m h phflOng t r i n h cdc yeu td m d i trfldng vdi sinh trfldng p h a t t n e n vd n a n g suat cua Ifla tren dat n h i e m m a n t r o n g m d c a n h tac t d m • lua.
Cdc b u d c lien q u a n : (i) thiet ke m d h i n h ket cau (md h i n h b e n t r o n g ) va m d h i n h d o Ifldng (ghi n h a n chi sd b e n n g o a i ) ; (n) xay dflng sd d d d f l d n g d a n ; (iii) d u d n g d a n chuyen ddi stf d o cho phfldng trinh;
(iv) d u d n g ddn fldc l u p n g he sd, tai va dp Idn;
(v) d d n h gid sfl phfl h p p va (vi) kiem tra gia thuyet b d n g p h u p n g p h a p b o o t s t r a p p i n g (500 sd Iflpng m a u ) sfl d u n g t-test vdi a 5% va gid tri t > 1,96 thi m d h i n h cd y nghia.
H i n h 1. Md hinh cau true tuyen tinh nghien cflu tUdng tac cfla cac yeu td dnh hUdng den sinh trUdng phat trien va nang suat eua lua tren dat nhiem man trong md hinh tdm - lua*
Ghi chu:
- Hinh 1, 2, 3 vd Bdng 2, 3, 4, 5, 6: Dac tinh mdi trUdng ddt: SI = pH; S2 = ECe (do ddn dien cua dung djch trich bdo hoa); S3 = hdm liigng natri hda tan; S4 = CEC (khd ndng trao ddi cation); S5 - hdm iMng kah trao doi; S6 = hdm hlOng sodium Irao doi; S7 = chdt hiiu cd; S10 = hdm lugng magnesium Irao doi, SU -hdm lUdng calcium trao doi vd Si2 - In so ESP (phdn trdm bdo hoa sodium).
- Phdn bdn sti dung: fI - cd bdn phdn hHu cd (I) vd khdng (0);f2 - cd bdn vdi (1) vd khdng (0) vdf3 = co bdn vdi + phdn hdu cd (1) vd khong (0); Niidc tUdi: wl ^ cd tUdi nUdc (!) vd khong (0).
- Loai gidng sii diing: vl = sii dung giong lua miia bdn dia (Mgt bui do, chiu man dUdi 6%o); hodc cao sdn ngdn ngdy (OM-2517, chiu man dudi 4%o).
-Anh hudng den cdc bien so sinh trUdng phdt trien: pi - mdt do gieo Irong; phi 20 = mat dd cdy/m-
ghinhdn 20 ngdy sau sa; phi45 = mat do cdy/in- ghi nhan 45 ngdy sau sa; phl65 = mdl do cdy/m- ghi nhdn 65 ngdy sau sa vd phl90 = sd bdng/m- ghi nhdn 90 ngdy sau sa); vd dnh hUdng den yeu to ndng sual (gl = trgng lUdng hat/ha va a? t= «J'M/[ ichdi cdy/ha).
15
gia in cao de du doan, bdi vi gia in lien quan dU doan Q' ^ "JS.o^-^o. DUa tren ket qua md hinh, dac tinh d.U lu'i';:
rupng lua la yeu td chinh ma mi,- liep va gun tiep anh hUdng den sinh trUdng phat trien (gia tn t = 45,018 ^ I-'*'''
\a nang sujt (t;ia in t = 25,643 > l.ytil cua iua Irong Iren Jat nhiem man trong md hinh canh tdc torn - Ifla.
Tfl khda; Mo hinh tdm - lua, md hinh tuong quan, dat man, nang suat lua LDATVA.N'DE
Md hinh canh tdc tdm - lua Id md hinh rat thich hpp cfla vflng dat nhiem man theo mfla va dn dinh hPn ve mat kinh te va sinh thai so vdi md hinh chuyen tdm. Trong thflc te, md hinh tdm - lua cung gap khd khan, nang suat lua thap hoac bi chet sau thdi gian ngdn, cd the do mdi trfldng dat bi nhidm man, tfl dd anh hfldng den sU sinh trfldng vd nang suat Ifla (Joseph ct al. 2010; Thitisaksakul et al. 2015).
Theo nghien cflu cua Fageria (2012), Le Van Dung vd cdng tac vien (2016) cho thay phdn hflu cP va vdi cai thi^n sinh trfldng phat trien cua Ifla. Ben canh dd, mpt sd nghien cflu cua Sanusan va cdng tdc Wen (2010), Zhu vd cpng tac vien (2010), Vd Thi GUdng va cpng tdc vien (2016) cho thay dac tinh dat, nfldc, phdn bdn va mdi irUdng anh hudng dang ke den sU sinh trfldng trUdng va phat tnen cfla lua. Tuy nhien. cac nghien cflu dflpc tien hdnh va phan tich don Ihuan, mang tinh chal rieng le. tflng yeu td dnh hudng md khdng xem xet mdi quan he trong he thdng di bien cac yeu id dnh hfldng. Bdi vi. trong tfl nhien, cac yeu td mdi trfldng ddt. nfldc, sinh trfldng cay trong, phan bdn, qua trinh canh tac, tac ddng ddng thdi vdi nhau vd dnh hfldng den sinh trUdng va phdt Iricn cua cay lua trflc tiep hoac gian tiep.
Do dd, muc tieu cua nghien cflu nay xay dflng mdt md hinh tUdng quan da bien cac yen to dnh hudng den cay lua tren dat nhiem man trong md hinh canh tdc tdm - lua, ifl dd danh gid tong hpp cac yeu td dnh hudng den sinh trUdng phat tnen vd nang sual
cua lua trdng tren dat nhilm man vd dfla ra md hinh tuong quan cdc yeu td dnh hfldng den cay lua.
II. DOI TUONG VA PHI/ONG P H A P NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1. Doi tflong nghien cflu
Xghien cflu thflc hien tren 02 ddi tfldng:
Ddc tinh dat rupng canh tdc Ida bi nhiem man trong md hinh canh tac tdm - lua gdm: pH. ECe (dp ddn dien cua dung dich trich bdo hda), kha nang trao ddi cation (CEC), chat hflu cP, sodium hda tan va hap phu tren phflc he hap thu; ESP the hien ty le % cfla sodium trao doi tren CEC; potassium, calcium va magnesium trao ddi.
Sinh trfldng vd phdt trien cua lua trong mot mua vu canh tdc cung dflpc nghien cflu gom: loai giong gieo trdng, mat dp gieo sa, nUdc tfldi, bdn voi, bdn phan hflu cP, chieu cao cay, sd chdi, sinh khdi cdy/ha vd ndng sudt.
2.2. PhflOng phap nghien ciiu 2.2.L PhUdngphdp thu mdu vaphdn tich
Xghien cflu dflpc lien hanh theo ddi va lay mau tren rupng ndng dan canh tac md hinh tdm - lua tai hai huyen An Minh vd An Bien thudc tinh Kien Giang. Mau dat dflpc thu bang khoan tay 20 cm tang mat rupng lua cfla md hinh tdm - lua vao khoang 30 ngay sau sa. Mau dat dflpc thu tai 9 diem tren rupng, sau dd trdn lai thanh mdt mau dai dien.
, ECe, pH d.\i
Bang 1. PhUdng phap phan tich mdt sd chi tieu hoa hoc dat
^ _^ PhU^ng^phap phan tich Dat dupc bao hoa nUdc, dung djch dat dUpc trich hut
chan khdna. qua sfl dung may hflt
Sodium hda tan Dat duoc trich vdi nUde khfl khoang theo ty )e 1 : 30 va Na" hda tan dung dich trich dupc do tren may hap thu nguyen tu
Dat dupc trich vdi dung dich BaCI^ 0,1M, Na' sau khi trao ddi vdi liy- li Sodium trao ddi ^° ^""^^ '"^^' ^^^ ^^" ngtiy^n liJ (Payment and Lyons, 20 ll) \Un^ luimg Na"
trao ddi trong dat la lUpng Na" trao ddi trich dat vdi dung liich BaCT tri* ft"
luong Na" hda tan do ly trich dat vdi nUdc.
Kha nang trao doi cation Phan tich theo phuong phap trao ddi vdi dung dich BaCl, O.IM khong dem (Cation exchange capacit)' - CEC) (Ra\'ment and Lyons. 2011).
Phan tram bao hda Na (ESP) DUpc tinh todn dfla vao cdng thflc: ESP (%} = 100x(Na" tra(j d^i ' Chat hflu ca (%C) Global Soil Laborator)' Net\vork GLOSOLAN (2019).
14
Tap en, f'nco rpc Cong ngne Kong nglvep Viet No- Mdt sd dac tinh hda hpc dat dflpc phan tich gdm:
pH. ECe (dp dan dien cfla dung dich trich bao hda), kha ndng trao doi cation (CEC), chat hflu cd, sodium hda tan va hap phu tren phflc he hap thu; ESP the hien ty le % cua sodium trao doi tren CEC; potassium, calcium vd magnesium trao ddi.
Theo ddi sU sinh trfldng cua Ifla qua cac giai doan 20 ngdy sau sa, 45 ngdy sau sa, 60 ngay sau sa vd trfldc khi thu hoach (90 ngay sau sa), cac chi tieu ghi nhan gdm chieu cao cay lua, so chdi va nang suat (trpng IflOng/ha, sinh khdi cdy/ha); nudc tfldi, loai gidng gieo trdng, mat dp gieo sa, yeu td phan bdn sfl dung nhat la viec bdn vdi vd phan hflu cd cflng dUpc ghi nhdn va theo doi.
2.2.2. Mo hinh nghien ciiu
Nghien cflu phdn tich da bien bdng phan mem SmartPLS 3.2.8 ma ngudn md theo Ghozali (2008)
va Ringle va cdng tdc vien (2015), vdi 120 dfl lieu ghi nhan tai 40 rupng cua 40 hp canh tac lua tren ddt nhiem man trong md hinh tdm - Ifla (vdi 03 lan lap lai/hd) va tao irong MS Excel 2010 de thiet ldp cau true md hinh phupng trinh chc yeu td mdi trUdng vdi sinh trfldng phal trien vd nang sudt cua lua tren dat nhilm man trong md canh tac tdm - lua.
Cac budc lien quan; (i) thiet ke md hinh ket edu (md hinh ben trong) vd md hinh do Ifldng (ghi nhdn chi sd ben ngoai); (ii) xay dflng sP dd dfldng dan;
(iii) dfldng dan chuyen ddi sd dd cho phUOng trinh, (iv) dfldng ddn Udc Ifldng he sd. tai \'a dp Idn;
(v) ddnh gia sfl phu hpp vd (vi) Idem tra gid ihuyet bang phUdng phdp bootstrapping (500 sd lUpng mau) sfl dung t-test vdi a 5% va gid trj t > 1.96 thi md hinh cdy nghia.
Phan bon su'dung
Hinh I. Md hinh cau true tuyen tinh nghien cflu tuong tac cua cae yeu td anh hUdng den sinh trUdng phat trien vd nang suat cua liia tren dat nhiem man trong md hinh tdm - lua*
Ghi chu:
- Hmh I, 2, 3 vd Bdng 2, 3, 4, 5, 6: Dgc tinh mot IrUdng ddl: Sl = pH; S2 = ECe (dg ddn dien ciia dung dich trich bdo hoa); S3 = hdm lUOng natri hda tan; S4 = CEC (khd ndng trao doi cation); S5 = hdm lUdng kali Irao doi; S6 = hdm lUdng sodium Irao ddi; S7 = chdt hffu cd; SIO - hdm lUdng magnesium irao doi, Sil = hdm lUdng calcium trao doi vd S12 = Iri so ESP (phdn trdm bdo hda sodium).
- Phdn bon sii dung:fl ^ cd bdn phdn hUu cd (I) vd khdng (0);f2 = cd bdn vdi (1) vd khong (0) vdf3 = cd bdn voi + phdn hdu cd (1) vd khdng (0); NUdc tUdi: wl = cd tUdi nUdc (I) vd khdng (0).
- Loai giong sii dung: vl = sii dung giong lua mua ban dia (Mdl bin do, chiu mdn dUdi 6%Q}; hoac cao sdn ngdn ngdy (OM-2517. chiu man diidt 4%o).
- Anh hu'dng den cdc bien so smh trUdng phdt trien: pi = mdl do gieo trong; phi 20 = mdl do cdy/nr
ghi nhgn 20 ngdy sau sg; ph 145 = mat do cdy/m- ghi nhdn 45 ngdy sau sg; phi65 = mgl do cdy/m- ghi nhgn 65 ngdy sau sgvdphl90 = so bdng/m-ghi nhdn 90 ngdy sau sa); vd dnh hUdng den yeu to ndng sudt (gl = irong lUdng hal/ha I'/i o7 = qinh khoi cay/ha).
Tap chi A notJ hoc Cong ngr,
gia tr} cao de du doan, bdi vi gia tn hen quan du doan Q' = '^S,c5V Dua tren kit qua md hinh. dac tinh dat trong rudnglfla la yeu to chinh ma IrUc tiep va gian tiep anh hudng den sinh trUdng phat trien (gia tn t = 45.018 > 1.96) va nang suat (gia tri t = 25,643 > 1,96) ciia lua trdng tren dat nhiem man trong md hinh canh tic tdm - lua.
Tfl khda: Md hinh tdm - lua, md hinh tuong quan. dat man, nang suat lua I. DAT\ANDE
Md hinh canh tac tdm - Ifla Id md hinh rat thich hpp cua vung dat nhiem man theo mua va dn dinh hon ve mat kinh te vd sinh thai so vdi md hinh chuyen tdm. Trong thflc te, md hinh tdm - Ifla cflng gap khd khan, nang suat Ifla thap hoac bi chet sau thdi gian ngdn, cd the do mdi trUdng dat bi nhiem man, tfl dd anh hfldng den sfl sinh trfldng vd nang suat lua (Joseph et al, 2010; Thitisaksakul et al, 2015).
Theo nghien cflu cfla Fageria (2012). Le Van Dung vd cdng tac vien (2016) cho thay phan hflu cd va vdi cdi thi^n sinh trUdng phat trien cua lua. Ben canh dd, mdt sd nghien cflu cfla Sanusan vd cdng tac vien (2010), Zhu vd cpng tac vien (2010), Vd Thi Guong vd cpng tac vien (2016) cho thay dac tinh dat, nUdc, phdn bdn vd mdi trfldng dnh hfldng ddng ke den sfl sinh trfldng trfldng vd phdt trien cua lua. Tuy nhien, cac nghiin cflu dflpc tien hanh va phan tich ddn thuan, mang tinh chat rieng le, Iflng yeu td dnh hudng ma khdng xem xet mdi quan he trong he thdng da bien cdc yeu td dnh hfldng. Bdi vi, trong tfl nhien, cdc yeu td mdi trUdng dat, nUdc, sinh trfldng cdy trdng, phdn bdn, qua trinh canh tac, tac ddng ddng thdi vdi nhau va anh hfldng den sinh trfldng va phat trien cua cdy liia Irflc tiep hoac gian tiep.
Do dd, muc tieu cfla nghien cflu ndy xdy dflng mdl md hinh tfldng quan da bien cac yeu td anh hfldng den cdy Ifla tren dat nhiem man trong md hinh canh tac tdm - lua. tfl dd ddnh gid tong hpp cac yeu to anh hudng den sinh trfldng phat trien va nang suat
cua lua trong tren dat nhiem man vd dfla ra md hlnh tudng quan cac yeu td dnh hfldng den cay lua.
II. DOI TUONG VA PHlTONG P H A P NGHIEN CIJXJ 2.1. Doi tuong nghien ciiu
Nghien cflu thflc hien tren 02 ddi tfltfng:
Dac tinh dat rudng canh tdc liia bi nhiem man trong md hinh canh tdc tdm - lua gdm: pH, ECe (dp dan diln cua dung dich trich bao hda), khd nang trao ddi cation (CEC), chat hflu ctf, sodium hda tan va hap phu tren phflc he hap thu; ESP the hien ty le % cua sodium trao ddi tren CEC; potassium, calcium va magnesium trao ddi.
Sinh trfldng vd phat trien cua lua trong mdt mfla vu canh tdc cung dupe nghien cflu gom: loai giong gieo trdng, mat dp gieo sa, nfldc tfldi, bdn vdi, bdn phan hflu cP, chieu cao cay, sd choi, sinh khdi cay/ha vd nang suat.
2.2. Phfldng phdp nghien cflu 2.2.1. PhUcing phdp thu mdu vdphan tich
Nghiin cflu dupc tien hanh theo ddi va lay mau tren rudng ndng dan canh tac md hinh tdm - lua tai hai huyen An Minh va An Bien thudc tinh Kien Giang. Mau dat dflpc thu bdng khoan tay, 20 cm tang mat rudng Ifla cua md hinh tdm - Ifla vao khoang 30 ngay sau sa. Mau dat dflpc thu tai 9 diem tren rudng, sau dd trdn lai thanh mdt mau dai dien.
Bang 1. Phuong phap phan tich mdt sd chi lieu hda hpc dat Phuong phap phan tich ECe, pH dat
Sodium hda lan
Dat duoc bao hoa nUdc, dung dich dat dupe trich hut qua sfl dung may hiit chan khdng.
Dat dupc trich vdi nUdc khu khodng theo ty le 1 : 30 va Na- hda lan trong dung dich trich dupe do tren may hap thu nguyen tfl.
Dat dupc trich vdi dung dich BaCl_, 0,1M, Na' sau khi trao ddi vdi Ba^' durj do tren may hap thu nguyen tfl (Payment and Lyons, 2011) Ham iuant; '-'a'- trao doi trong dat la lUdng Na' trao doi trich dat vdi dung dich UaCl tru'^'
lupng Na" hda tan do ly trich dat vdi nUdc. * Phan tich theo ph Udng phap trao doi vdi dung dich BaCI,0,LM khong d'
Sodium trao ddi
Kha nang trao ddi cation
(Cation exchange capacit)' - CEC) (Rayment and Lyons, 2011).
Phan tram bao hda Xa' (-ESP) Duoc tinh loan dua vao cdng thflc: ESP (%) = 100 x fNa" trao doi)/ CFC Chdt hflu CO (%C) Global Soil Laborator>- Network GLOSOLAN (2019).
14
Tap ch. I- rca ncc Corg rare \6ng ngivep Viet Nam - So 2[ ill.
Mdt sd d?c tinh hda hpc dat dflpc phan tich gdm:
pH, ECe (dp dan dien cua dung dich tn'ch bao hda). kha nang trao doi cation (CEC), chat hflu cd, sodium hda tan vd hap phu tren phflc he hap thu; ESP the hien ty le % cua sodium trao doi Iren CEC; potassium, calcium va magnesium trao doi.
Theo ddi sfl sinh trfldng cua lua qua cac giai doan 20 ngdy sau sa, 45 ngdy sau sa, 60 ngay sau sa va trfldc khi thu hoach (90 ngdy sau sa), cdc chi tieu ghi nhan gdm chil'u cao cay lua, sd choi va nang suat (trpng Iflpng/ha, sinh khdi cdy/ha); nudc tudi, loai gidng gieo trdng, mat dp gieo sa, yeu to phan bdn sfl dung nhat la vile bdn vdi vd phan hflu cp cung dupc ghi nhdn vd theo ddi.
2.2.2. Mo hinh nghien ctiu
Nghiin cflu phan tich da bien bang phan mem SmartPLS 3.2.8 ma ngudn md theo Ghozali (2008)
va Ringle vd cdng tdc vien (2015), vdi 120 dfl li?u ghi nhan tai 40 rudng cfla 40 hd canh tdc Ifla tren dat nhiem man trong md hinh tdm - lua (vdi 03 Ian lap lai/hd) vd tao trong MS Excel 2010 de thiet lap cau trflc md hinh phfldng trinh cac yeu td mdi trfldng vdi sinh trfldng phat trien vd ndng sudt cua lua tren dat nhiem man trong md canh tac tdm - lua.
Cac budc lien quan: (i) thilt ke md hinh ket cau (md hinh ben trong) va md hinh do lUdng (ghi nhdn chi sd bin ngoai); (ii) xay dflng stf do dfldng dan;
(iii) dfldng ddn chuyen ddi sP dd cho phfltfng trinh;
(iv) dUdng ddn fldc lUdng he so, tai vd dp Idn;
(v) danh gia sU phfl hpp va (vi) kiem tra gia thuyet bdng phuong phap bootstrapping (500 sd Iflpng mau) sfl dung t-test vdi a 5% va gia tri t > 1,96 thi md hinh cdy nghia.
Hinh 1. Md hinh eau true tuyen tinh nghien cflu tUOng tac cua cac yeu td anh hudng den sinh trUdng phdt trien va nang suat cua Ifla tren dat nhiem man trong md hinh tdm - lua*
Ghi chii:
- Hinh I, 2, 3 vd Bdng 2, 3. 4, 5, 6: Dgc tinh moi trUdng ddt: Sl = pH; S2 = ECe (do ddn dien cua dung dich trich bdo hda); S3 = hdm lUdng natri hoa tan; S4 - CEC (khd ndng trao doi cation); S5 = hdm lUdng kali trao ddi; S6 = hdm lUdngsodium trao doi; S7 = chdthUu cd; SlO = hdm lUdng magnesium trao ddi, Sil = hdm lUdng calcium irao ddi vd S12 = tri so ESP (phdn trdm bdo hda sodium).
- Phdn bon sii dung:fl = cd bdn phdn hdu cd (1) vd khdng (0);f2 - cd bdn vdi (1) vd khdng (0) vdf3 - cd bdn voi + phdn hdu cd (1) vd khdng (0); NUdc tUdi: wl = cd lUdi nUdc (1) vd khdng (0).
• Logi giong sif diing: vl = sddunggidng lua miia bdn dm (Mgt btAi do, chiu mdn dudi 6%o); hoac cao sdn ngdn ngdy (OM-2517, chiu man dUdt 49'oo).
-Anh hudng den cdc bien so sinh tnidng phdt Irien: pi - mat do gieo trdng; phl20 = mdl do cdy/m'
ghi nhgn 20 ngdy sau sg; phi45 - mat do cdy/m- ghi nhgn 45 ngdy sau sg; phi65 - mat do cdy/m~ ghi nhdn 65 ngdy sau sg vd phl90 = sd bong/m- ghi nhdn 90 ngdy sau sa); vd dnh hUdng den yeu id ndng sudt (gl = trong lUdng hat/ha vn o? = iinh klidi cdy/ha).
'• Khoa hoc Cong ''g^e '^ong ngn.ep '. e: Nan- - Yeu to dac tinh dat quy dinh Ueu Iflpng, tan suat, loai va dang phan bdn sil dung. Ben canh dd. tinh chat cua dat xdc djnh nang suat tiem nang cfla civ trdng va xdc dinh phdn flng cua cav trdng se la bao nhieu vdi Iflpng phdn bdn bd sung. XI vav. tuv thupc vdo dac tinh dat ma quyet dinh loai phan bdn sfl dung hpp ly. Sfl dung phan bdn hdp ly se tac ddng den sinh trfldng phat trien va gia lang nang sual cay trdng. Viec bdn phan khdng hdp ly va can doi cd the ldm cho dat bi nen de, len, chua, giam hoat dpng vi sinh vat,... tfl dd dnh hudng den phdt trien va nang suat cfla cdy trdng. Mat khac, lUpng nudc tfldi cung dnh hfldng tdi dac tinh dat vd phdn bdn sfl dting, nhfl vay, md hinh do Ifldng ghi nhan tat ca cdc chi sd ben ngodi ddng ke cho thay rdng cdc bien chi bao cd gid tri de hinh thdnh cdc bien tiem an va md hinh ben trong quan trpng cho thay rdng sU IflPng lac gifla cdc bien tiem an Id phu hpp cd y nghia.
Mflc dp phfl hpp cd y nghia cfla md hinh ket cau dflpc xdc dinh bdi he sd (Q-) = 1 - (1 - R;) (I - R,-) (I - R ; ) . . . ( l -R^-),vdiR/, R:.R;,...R^;ldR-bi'nh phUdng ciia bien tiem dn ben trong md hmh.
2.3. Thdi gian vd dia diem nghien cflu Nghien cflu dflpc thflc hien vao thdi diem \ii Mua 2017 - 2018, tfl thdng 8 ndm 2017 din thang 01 nam 2018 t^i xa Nam Yen, huyen An Bien va xa Van Khanh Tay, huyen An Minh tinh Kien Giang.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Md hinh cau trflc luyen tinh (SEM) bdng phan
mem SmartPLS 3.2.8 dflpc sfl dyng dl" kiem dinh md hinh nghien cflu cua sfl sinh trUdng phat trien cua lua tren dat nhiem man trong md hinh cmh tac tdm - lua da dflpc sap xep (Hinh 1). Cdc bien tiem an (hinh dang trdn) dflpc tao bdi mdt hoac nhieu chi sd. nhfl dflpc trinh bdy bdi cac hinh chfl nhat. Moi bien dflpc ket noi bdng mdt mfli ten nhfl mpt dang tfldng tac dnh hfldng. Yeu td dac tinh mdi trfldng dat, phan bdn sfl dung, Iflpng nfldc va loai gidng sfl dung anh hfldng den sinh trfldng phat trien, tfl dd tac ddng den ndng suat cua Ifla.
3.1. Ket qua kiem tra md hinh ben ngoai (Outer Weight)
Kci qud Idem tra md hinh ben ngodi cua sinh trUdng phat trien lua tren dat nhieni man trong md hinh tdm - Ifla (bang 2, bdng 3 va bang 4) cho thay ham Ifltfng canxi trao ddi (Sl 1) vd tri sd ESP (S12) dnh hfldng den sfl sinh trfldng vd phdt trien cay lua cd y nghia (t > 1,96). Bin canh dd, khd nang trao doi cation (S4) vd hdm Iflpng natri hda tan va trao ddi (86, S3) anh hudng d mflc y nghia t = 3,084 va 4,068 > 1,96. Viec cd bdn phan hflu cd (fl) va bdn vdi (G) cflng anh hudng d mflc y nghia t = 3,332 va 4,505 > 1,96, loai giong sfl dung (vl) va lUdng nfldc tudi (wl) diu cd anh hfldng va hinh thanh mdi bien tiem an cfla chung cd y nghia. Bien sinh trfldng phat trien cfla Ifla dflpc hinh thdnh cd y nghia bdi so chdi d 20 ngdy sau gieo (shl20), so chdi 45 ngay sau gieo (shl45) va sd bdng/m- (shI90) va bien nang suat dupc hinh thimh bdi sinh khdi cay/ha (g2).
Phan bon siirdM^g
. Bieu dd the hien ket qua md hinh cau true tuyen tinh PLS-SEM
Bang 2. Ket qua kiem tra mijfc d o y ngh hinh thanh cac bien tiem an
ac
bien Udc llidng
m i u b a n d a u Dac tinh ddt
Sl SIO SII S12 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
0,294 -0,331 0,438 -4,534 0,101 -0,210 -2,280 0,186 6,449 S7 ' 0,053 i Phdn bon sit dung
fl f2
a
Ndngsi
gl i g2
Mgtdd
p i Sd choi
shl20 shl45 shl60
0,634 0,735 0,115 at
0,160 0,852 gieo trong
-0,073
0,660 -0,442 -0,958 shI90 0.856 Logi gidng si? diing
VI 1,000 Nitdc tudi
wl 1,000 T r u n g
b i n h
0,271 -0,337 0,427 4,215 0,097 -0.256 -2,175 0,210 6,024 0,054
0,573 0,217 0,117
0,157 0,852
0,063
0,553 -0,466 0,065 0,583
1,000
1,000 D p lecii c h u a n
0,241 0,177 0,137 1,168 0,166 0,146 0,572 0,149 1,578 0,075
0,190 0,160 0,173
0.200 0,188
0,065
0.144 0,156 0,117 0,094
0,000
0,000 T- statistic
1,225ns 1,840ns 3,195- 3,985- 0,651ns
2,184*
4,019- 1,262ns
4,210- 0,717ns
3,639"
4,864*
0,672ns
0,820ns 4,636*
1,198ns
4,738*
2,911*
0,542ns 10,911"
Ta
a
P- values
:>chi Khoa hoc C^-" J -:;'"(?
Bang 3. Ket hinh thai
Coc Cac l u o n g bien m a u b a n d a u , zjuc linn aai
S I I 0,575 0,222 S12 -4,471 0.062 53 - " • » " ' S4 1.840
».»»' S6 6,493 0,000 ' Phdn bdn sd dung 0 , 5 4 2 : • '"' "•'*''
a 0 , 7 0 1 0,066 ' ^Ndngsudt 0,000
0,212 0,000 0,475 1
i
0,001 0,000 0,506
0,423 0,000
g2 1.000 Sd choi s h l 2 0 0,675 s h l 4 5 -0,552 s h l 9 0 0,895 Loai gidng sd dung vl 1,000 Nudc tudi
wl 1,000 Bang 4. Ket
hinh thanh Cac Udc bien liipng gia m a u thuyet b a n dau Ddc tinh ddt
SU 0,574 0,262 1 1 S12 -4,458 i 1 S4 -1,834
: S6 6,474 0,000 1 Phdn bon sii dung 0,005 1 : fl "'f^'
, f2 0,761
° ' ' ^ ° i , Ndngsudt
0,000 g2 1,000
Sdchoi s h l 2 0 0,672 s h l 4 5 -0,549
Ghi chd: Bdng2, 3, 4, 5, 6: * 1-stalistics > 1,96.
1 s h l 9 0 0,895 1 Loai gidng sd dung vl 1,000 i Nddc titdi
wl 1,000
' ; o " j nghiep Viel torn ',-.
qua kiem tra miic do y ngh nh cac bien tiem an lap lai
T B 6 _ T:,""8 lech T-
Dmh , ' .. statistic chuan
0,-545 0,130 4,435- -4,298
0,014 -1,769 6,267
0,619 0,759 1,000 0,661 -0,550 0,906 1,000
1,096 0,128 0,586 1,531
0,172 0,129 0,000 0,126 0.153 0.063 0.000
4,080*
0,052ns 3,141*
4,242*
3,766*
5,889"
5,350"
3,620*
14,239*
1,000 0,000 qua kiem tra miic do y ngh
cac bien tiem an cuoi ciing T B p _
^••.'•"S lech T - . binn ,,!,„.•„ statistic
0,561 -4.374 -1,791 6,360 0,631 0,754 1,000 0,661 -0,557 0,911 1,000 1,000
0.130 1,116 0,597 1,555 0,155 0,124 0,000 0,121 0,151 0,066 0,000 0,000
4,249*
3,994*
3,079"
4,165"
4.185"
6,133*
5.555"
3.642"
13,608"
.1
P- values
0.000 0.000 0.959 0.002 0.000
0.000 0.000
0,000 0,000 0,000
a
values
0,000 0,000 0,002 0,000 0,000 0,000
0,000 0,000 0.000
3.2. Kit qud Idem tra md hinh ben trong (Inner Model)
Theo Golldack vd cdng tac vien {2003), Canxi Id chdt dinh dfldng da lupng cua cd\ trdng can thiet cho cac qua trinh sinh Iy nhfl duy tri thi nang cua mang te bdo, kieh hoat enzyme, dieu chinh dp sudt tham thau, van chuyen dfldng trong than, do dd, cd dnh hfldng den sfl sinh IrUdng cua Ifla trong md hinh lua - tdm, Iflong Ca-' cao, giflp cdi thien ham Iflpng Na trao ddi tren dat nhiem man, vi Ca-" cd the thay the Xa+ trao ddi tren he phflc hap thu.
Na-i- dupc dUa ra ngodi dung djch dat, cd the de dang dupc rfla ra khdi he thdng (Makoi and Verplancke, 2010). Ngoai ra cung cap Ca'" giflp gidm nhe dnh hfldng bat lpi do \'a" tren cay trdng (Aslam et al.
2000). Tfldng lu. theo nghien cflu cfla Qadir and Oster (2004). bdn phdn hflu cd cflng giup gia tang Iflpng Ca'' trong phflc he trao doi, cd tdc dung day Na' ra ngodi dung dich ddt vd ket qua td giup gidm dp man cfla dat. Ham Iflpng phan tram Nairi trao ddi vd kha nang trao ddi cation cd anh hfldng den sfl sinh trfldng phdt trien va nang suat cfla Ifla tren ddt man da dflpc chi ra bdi Sanusan va cpng tdc vien (2010), \ u Thi GUdng va cdng tac vicn (2016), Mahendran, S vd Sujirtha. N (2017). Theo nghien cflu cua lames va cpng tdc vien (2000) thi khi Iflpng Na' trao ddi tren 2 cmol.kg ' dat cdy trdng cd irieu chflng ngd ddc do man vd khdng thu dflpc nang suat.
Tlieo Retnaningdyah vd Arisoesilaningsih (2012), hdm Iflpng natri, clorua vd bicacbonat trin nudc tfldi cd dnh hfldng den sinh trfldng phal trien vd nang suat Ifla do tang dp dan diln. Bin canh dd, md hinh cung cho thay mat sd cdy/m', md sd bdng/m- cd dnh hfldng trUc ticp din sinh trUdng phat trien tfl do dnh hudng den nang sudt, sd bdng tren mdl
don \ i dien tich la thdnh phan nang suat quan trong nhdt va ddng gdp S9% sfl bien dpng ve nang suat lua. Phdn hflu ctf giup gidm dp m^n cu.i ddt. cdi thien CD v nghia ndng suat lua tren ddt nhiem ni^n (Subardja V.O et al, 2016; Chowdhury ct al. 2019).
Bdn phdn hflu cd giup sfl rfla man dflpc hieu qua hdn, ddng thdi tang khd nang cung cap dinh dfldng tfl dat, tfl dd, giup cay hap thu dinh dfldng hieu qua hdn, giflp gia tang nang suat Ifla trdng tren ddt man.
Ket qua kiem tra md hinh cau true ben trong (bang 5 va hinh 3) cho thay sfl sinh trfldng vd phat trien cfla Ifla tdc ddng bdi sd chdi 20 ngdy sau sa (shl20), sd chdi 45 ngdy sau sa (shl45) vd sd bdng/m- (shl90) trflc til'p chiu dnh cua dac tinh ddt bao gdm ham Ifltfng canxi trao ddi (Sl I); tri sd ESP IS12): kha nang trao ddi cation (S4) va ham Ifldng natri trao doi (S6). Sau do, nang suat Ifla bi tac dpng bdi sinh khoi cdy (g2) vd chiu dnh hfldng tac ddng true tiep bdi sinh trfldng phat trien vd sinh trfldng phat tnen tac dpng din nang suat, ben canh dd, nudc tudi cd dnh hUdng trUc tilp lln sinh trfldng phat trien va nang suat lua (Bdng 5 va Hinh 3).
Dfla tren ket qua md hinh cau trflc tuyln tinh PLS- SEM. dieu kien dac linh dat trong canh tac Ifla tren md hinh tdm - Ifla la mot yeu td quan trpng trflc tiep va gian liep dnh hfldng din sU sinh trUdng phdt trien vd nang sual Ifla (Bdng 4). Nhfl vay, cac yeu td cd mdi tUdng quan dnh hfldng din sinh trfldng phat trien tfl dd anh hfldng din nang suat lua tren dat nhiem man bao gdm: (i) dac tinh ddt bao gdm cdc yeu td ham Iflpng canxi trao ddi (Sil); tri sd ESP (S12); kha nang trao ddi cation (S4) vd ham lUdng natri trao ddi (S6); (ii) phdn bdn sfl dung ma cd bdn phdn hflu ctf va vdi (fl vd f2); (iii) lupng nfldc tfldi vd (iv) so chdi va sd bdng/m- (sh20, sh45 vd sh90).
Bang :*. Kit qua tac ddng dnh hUdng cfla cac biln dUa vao md hinh Cdc bien
Loai gidng Mi dung -> Nang suat l.oai gidng sii dung -> Sinh IrUdng phat trien Nudc tiidi -> Nang sudl
Nuoc tudi -> Phdn bdn sfl dung .Vi;'('." liidi -> Sinh Iriidngphdl trien Nuoc tudi -> Dac tinh dat Phan bdn sfl dung -> Nang suat Phan bdn sfl dung -> Sinh trUdng phal trien Sinh Inidngphdt trien -> Ndng sudt Ddc linh ddl -> Niing sudl Dgc linh ddt -> Phdn bon su'dung Diic tinh ddl -> Si>i/i IrUdng phdt trien
L dclupng mau ban dau
0,016 0,018 -0.130 -0.036 -O.J 52 0,118 -0,064 -0,075 0,855 -0.770 '0,52S -0.901
D p lech chuan 0.039 0,046 0,081 0,127 0,095 0.108 0.083 0.096 0.026 0.030 0,152 0,020
T- statisti 0,399 ns 0,398 ns 1.953- 0.283 ns
J.954"
1,090 ns 0.779 ns 0,781 ns 3-!,2«"
25,6^ V I J 6 0 - l^ni.i-
^ g l^
Gioag
H i n h 3. Md hinh tUOng quan cua cdc yeu to anh hUdng den sU sinh trUdng phal trien va nang suat cfla lua t r i n dai nhiem man trong md hinh eanh lac torn - lua 3.3. Mflc d o p h u h o p ciia m o h i n h c a u t r u e t u y e n
tinh PLS-SEM
Kit qua d d n h gia mflc d p p h u h o p cua m d h i n h cho thay gid tri Q^ - 98,65% ( b a n g 6) cd n g h t a Id 98,65% sinh trfldng phdt tril'n cua Ifla t r e n dat n h i i m man bi dnh hfldng b d i h a m Ifldng natri vd canxi trao ddi, khd n a n g t r a o ddi cation, tri sd ESP, loai gidng sfl dyng, Iflpng nUdc tfldi va viec cd b d n p h d n hflu CP va vdi, trong khi chi cd 1,35% dfltfc giai thich bdi nhflng y l u td khac k h d n g dfla vdo m d h i n h . T h e o Hair vd cdng tdc vien (2014), Sarstedt va c d n g tac vien (2014), Q ' Id gia tri de d d n h gia mflc d d phfl h p p dfl doan cua m d h i n h b e n t r o n g , c h e n h lech gifla gid t n dfl dodn vd gid tri gdc c a n g n h d thi Q - cang Idn vd do dd dd c h i n h xdc dfl d o a n cua m d h i n h cdng cao.
Gid tri Q - = 98,65% c h o t h a y m d h i n h giai t h i c h sfl tflOng q u a n gifla yeu td m d i trfldng b e n ngodi va sinh trfldng phdt trien cua Ifla t r i n dat n h i i m m a n Id cd y nghia.
Bang 6. Su phfl hop cfla md hinh kiem tra cac chi sd hinh thanh cac bien tiem an (gid t n Q^ va R-)
1-R^
Nang suat Phan bdn sfl dung Sinh trUdng phdt trien D^c linh dat
0^=1-1(1- R;) (1 - R^-) (I - Rr)...(l - R;)l (y=l~ 1(0,257) X (0,689) x (0,196) x (0,3S8)]
0" = 1 - 0,0343 = 0,9865 Q- - 9S 65%
R-square
0,743 0,257 0,311 0,689 0,804 0,196 0,612 0,388
IV. KET LUAN VA DE NGHI
Md hinh tflPng quan cau true tuyen tinh PLS-SEM cfla cac yeu td a n h h u d n g d e n sinh trfldng phdt trien vd n a n g suat lua cd tfltfng q u a n chal vd cd gia tri phfl h p p cao de dfl dodn Q- - 98,65%. Md h i n h giai lhich sfl tfltfng q u a n gifla yeu td m d i trfldng ben ngodi vd sinh trfldng phat trien cua Ifla tren dat n h i e m m a n la cd y nghia. Viec cd b d n p h a n hflu cd, cd b d n vdi vd nfldc tfldi de giam d p m a n trong dat d e u cd a n h h u d n g d e n sinh trUdng phdt trien, tfl d d tdc d d n g den n a n g suat lua. Dieu c h i n h m a t sd c a y / m ' h p p ly d giai d o a n 20 ngdy sau sa vd 45 ngay sau sa se g i u p sd b d n g / m - d giai d o a n t h u hoach (sh90) cao nhdt se t a n g n a n g suat lua hieu qua.
Tren \ ' u n g dat n h i e m t r o n g m d h i n h c a n h tdc t d m - Ifla tai t i n h K i l n G i a n g ndi rieng vd D d n g bdng s d n g Cflu Long ndi c h u n g can dp d u n g b i l n p h a p cdi thien he t h d n g eanh tdc t d m - lua tong htfp, trong vu lua can b d n phdn hflu ctf, cd b d n vdi va Ifldng nfldc tfldi h p p ly d e giam d p m a n t r o n g dat, cdi thien d a c t i n h dat, sfl d u n g gidng Ifla c h d n g chiu m a n va ky thuat c a n h tdc, d a c b i l t la dieu c h i n h sd chdi h o p ly se giup lua sinh trfldng vd phat trien tdt, tfl d d gia t a n g n a n g suat.
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Evaluation of factors affecting rice growth and yield in saline soils
Le \an Dung, Do Minh Nhut Abstract
Rice production in the shrimp-rice farming system has many difficulties such as low productivity or death during cultivation period. This research aimed to set an interaction model using multivariate analysis via smartPLS. lo identify the factors affecting rice growth and yield. The study was conducted on 40 farmers' fields cuhivating shrimp- rice system in An Minh and An Bien districts - Kien Giang province. The rice growth was evaluated during the period of 20 days after sowing, 45 days after sowing, 60 days after sowing and before har\-esting (90 days after sowing).
The indicators included plant height, number of tdlers, rice rield (ton/ha), plant biomass (ton/ha). Irrigation water, photosensitive rice varieties (Mot bui do, OM 2517), sowing density, fertilizer dose were also collected The result showed that rice growth and development were simultaneously affected by soil characteristics (cation exchange capacity, sodium exchange, calcium exchange and exchangeable sodium percentage), irrigation water, fertilizer application (liming 500 kilograms/ha, liming and organic fertilizer I ton/ha) thereby affecting plant density/m-, number of panicle/m\ plant biomass and rice )'ield with significance level a 5%, t-statistics > 1.96. Interaction model to identify the factors affecting rice growtli (t-statislics = 45.018 > 1.96) and productivity (l-statislics- 25.643 > 1.96) which was created is valid and has high relevancy value for prediction, becauiie the predictive-relevance (Q2) value reached 98,65%. Based on model results, soil characteristics in rice fields are the main factors that directly and indirectly affect the growth and yield of rice grown on saline soils in the shrimp-rice farming system.
Keywords: Shrimp - rice model, interaction mode, saline soil, rice \ield
Ngdy nhdn bai: 13/02/2020 Ngfldi phdn bien: TS. Tran Tlii Anh Nguyet Ngdy phdn bien: 22/02/2020 Ngdy duyet dang: 27/02/2020
D A N H G I A T A C D U N G C U A C H E P H A M S I N H H O C HOTIEU-HTD03
TREN CAY HO TIEU TAI TAY NGUYEN
Ha Vict Sun', Pham Ihu Hdng^
Chu Nhal Huy', Nguyen Ihi Thu', Do Thj Gam', Phan Thi Lan Anh', Nguyen Van Thao', Tran Dinh Man'
TOM
TATHd tilu Id loai cdy trong cd hilu qua kinh te va mang tinh chien lUdc tai Tay Nguyen. Canh tac hd tieu Tay Nguyen theo hudng ben vflng Id hUdng di tat ylu trong tien trinh phat trien \-ung. Phat trien cac che pham sinh hpc chuyen diing phuc vu eanh tde cay ho tieu gdp phan quan trpng trong phat trien ben vflng cay ho tieu. Che pham sinh hpc HOTIEU-HTD03 chfla cdc chung vi sinh vat ban dia Tay Nguyen, ed tdc dung eo djnh nita, phan giai lan, doi khang vi sinh vat gay benh vd tang kich thich sinh trUdng doi vdi cay trdng Ket qua danh gia bUde dau cho thay che pham sinh hpe HOTIEU-HTD03 cd tac dung cdi thien dac tinh dat, han che sau benh, tang sinh trUdng, qua dd nang suat va dung trpng hat tang len 53% va 12% d cdng thUc thi nghiim (CT^^l) so vdi cdng thflc ddi chflng (CT^,5).
Tfl khda: Che pham sinh hpe. HOTIEU-HTD03. phat trien ben vflng, hd tieu, Tay Nguyen
I. DAT VAN DE trien thi dat dai cdng mau md. Dat cdng khde manh, Che pham sinh hoc sfl dung trong trong trot co "hu can vc thuoc trfl sau va phan bon tong hop cang nhieu Uu diem vUBt troi, dem lai nhieu loi icli cho thap. NhOIng vi sinh vat nay co chflc nang do, khang nong dan nhfl giam chi phi san xuat, tang niing suat v6i cac mam benh Idiac nhau, gay mien dich hoac va chat Iflong cay trong,... giiip giam cac nguy cfl thuc day tang trflcmg cho thflc vat (Berg C , 2009;
anh hfldng lieu cflc den sflc khoe con ngfloi, vat Nelson LM , 2004). Sfl tflong tac gifla vi sinh vat voi nuoi, cay trong va than thien vii moi trfldng suih cay chu lam tang kha nang thuc day lang trfldng thflc thai (Berg G., 2009). Vi sinh vat co loi cang phat vat va ngan chan mam benh thflc vat (Saleem M 'Trung lam Phal trien Cong nghe cao, X'ien Han lam Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Viel Nam
- Vi^n Di truyen nong nghiep, Vien Khoa hoc Nong nghiep \'iet Nam ' Vien Cons nehe sinh hoc, Vien Han lam Khoa hoc va Cong nghe \'iel Nam
