HQl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I V A TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N THCf 5
KET QUA Bir6C D A U NGHIEN ClTU SU* PHAN BO LOAI VU'gfN DEN MA HUNG TRUNG BO {Nomascus annamensis Van Ngoc Thinh, Mootnick, Vu Ngoc Thanh, Nadler & Roos, 2010)
T^I KHU BAO TON SAO LA QUANG NAM
NGUYEN VAN THIEN, VAN NGOC THINH Quy Bao ton thien nhien the gi&i (WfVF) tgi Vi^t Nam
LE VC KHOI Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc Tir nhien, Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi Vugn den ma hung trung bd {Nomascus annamensis) la mgt loai vugn mdi dugc xac dinh vj tri phan loai vao nam 2010 (Van Nggc Thinh et ai, 2010a, thude gidng vugn mao den Nomascus, hg Vugn Hylobatidae, Trude day, Vugn den ma hung dugc xem la loai Vugn den ma vang {Nomascus gabriellae) vi chiing cd nhieu dac diem hinh thai ngoai gidng nhau va chung cdn cd am tieng hot gidng vdi loai Vugn siki {Nomascus siki) (K.onrad & Geissmann, 2006; Van Nggc Thinh et ai, 2010b; Van Nggc Thjnh et ai. 2010e; Van Ngoc Thinh et ai.
2010d). D^ra tren phan tich nhirng khac nhau ve am hgc tieng hot va gen, nam 2010, Van Nggc Thjnh et ai, (2010a) da md ta va cdng bo dd la loai mdi vdi ten goi day dii la Vugn den ma hung trung bd {Nomascus annamensis Van Ngoc Thinh, Mootnick, Vu Ngoc Thanh, Nadler, Roos, 2010) (iilnh 1).
Hinh 1. Vuan md hung trung bg (Nomascus annamensis) (due tren. cai dudi) (dnh: Tilo Nalder)
Den nay, da ghi nhan dugc, Vugn den ma hung trung bg {Nomascus annamensis) phan bd d Trung Bd Viet Nam, Lao va Campuehia, vi the cd the xem loai vugn nay la loai dac hifu Ddng Duong (Rawson et ai. 2011; Traehoklt et ai. 2005...).
HQI NGH] KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C V E SiNH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y E N SINH V A T L A N THO* 5
Ci Viet Nam, N. annamensis phan bd tir phia B4C sdng Thach Han (tinh Quang Trj) khoang 16°40'-16°50' N den phia Nam sdng Ba (tinh Gia Lai va Phii Yen) khoang 13°00'-13''10' N (Rawson et ai,; Van Ngoc Thinh, 2010...).
Hien nay tai Viet Nam, quan the Vugn den ma hung trung bg (N. annamensis) dang bj suy giam nghiem trgng do bj san bat trai phep va mat mdi trucmg sdng.
Vugn bi san bat vi muc dich thuang m^ii nhu de lam vat nuoi trung bay trong cae vudn thii, lam nguyen v|t dugc lieu cho y hgc ed truyen trong nude va ca xuSt khau (Nguyin Manh H4, 2005; Van Nggc Thjnh et ai, 2007; Nguyin Quang Hoa Anh et ai. 2010). Rimg nai sinh song cua vugn bj mat va bj chia cat do khai thae gd hgp phap va bat hgp phap hoac chuyin ddi dat rimg sang dat ndng nghi?p hoac de xay dirng dudng xa giao thdng, dap thiiy dien.... dang xay ra tren khu vuc phan bd cua N. annamensis (Nguyen Manh Ha, 2005; Nguyen Quang Hoa Anh et ai, 2010). Nhung nhirng dan lieu khoa hgc de danh gia mire dg nguy cap, ve tap tinh, phan bo, cau triie qu5n the, d§e diem sinh hgc, sinh thai ciia Vugn den ma hung trung bg van con chua duge nghien cuu day dii. Viec dieu tra, nghien ciiu hien trang va sy phan bd cac quin the A'', annamensis ndi chung d Viet Nam la dieu rat cSn thi6t, cung cap nhiing din lieu khoa hgc gdp phan vao viec bao tdn loai linh trudng quy gia nay. Vdi muc dich dd, chung tdi da tiln hanh dieu tra, nghien ciru sir phan bd cac quan the A', annamensis tai Khu Bao tdn Sao la Quang Nam qua tieng hot ciia chiing.
Khu Bao tdn Sao la Quang Named tdng dien tich viing loi bao vg nghiem ngat la I5.800ha, n^m tren dja ban 2 huy?n Ddng Giang va Tay Giang ciia tinh Quang Nam. Toa dg dja I^:
n^Se'S?" den I8°05'25" vTdg Bac; I05°5r07" den 106^04' 3 6 " kinh dg Ddng. Day la khu v\re niii thap dg eao 600-1440m so vdi m^t nude bien, la sinh canh hh sue quan trgng ciia Sao la va nhieu loai dgng vat quy hiem khac nhu Mang trudng san, TrT sao, Riia vang... cung la khu vuc phan bd va sinh canh quan trgng ciia Vugn den ma hung trung bg {Nomascus annamensis).
I. PHl/OfNG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
' Xac dinh su- phan bo cua vumi qua ke thva thdng tin va phong van
Thu thap nhimg thdng tin ban dku ve dudng mdn ten nui, tdi nhihig khu vuc cd tilm nang gap vugn, nhu'ng noi nghe duge tieng vugn hdt. Tren co sd nhung din li?u ban dIu dd, sa bg xac djnh cac khu phan bo eiia cac dan trudc khi tien hanh khao sat thyc dja trong khu vyc nghien eiiru.
- Phirong phap thu km va phan tich tieng hdt cua virgn
De thu th§p cac mSu am thanh ti6ng hdt cua vugn trong tir nhien, qua trinh khao sat tivfc dia dugc tien hanh qua cac buac sau:
Sau khi thu thap thdng tiii, can cir vao dja hinh khao sat tai hi?n trudng, tien hanh lap ban do cac tuyen khao sat. Hau het cac tuy6n nSm dgc theo bien gidi cac tieu khu rimg, n5m tren dinh cac ddng mii.
Trong dieu ki^n binh thudng cd the thu am duge ti6ng hdt cua vugn tir khoang each 2km tir cac dinh mii. Ti^n hanh lap cac d ludi (2km x 2km) tren ban dd, trong mdi d khao sat chgn dinh mii cao nhat va chgn diem cam trai khdng qua xa vdi cac dilm nghe dugc ti^ng hdt, khoang each tir diem c^m trai din dilm ling nghe la khoang 40 phiit din 1 gid di bg. Tiep sau dd di chuyen den cae diem thu am tren dinh niii da chgn trudc 5 gid. Muc dich viec di chuyen len cic dinh la nham cd the nghe duge nhieu hudng tir cae dan khac nhau quanh khu vuc khao sat. T?i eac dilm thu am, chuan bj may thu am IC Recorder do han§ Sony ciia Nhgt, micro djnh hudng Mke 300 do Due san xuat. Khdi dgng may sin sang va b5t dau thu am khi nghe vugn hdt.
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C V £ SINH T H A I V A TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N T H C 5 Qua trinh khao sat phai h ^ chi tdi da viec gay tilng dgng va eac ho&t ddng cd thi anh hudng tdi hoat dgng tu nhien cua vugn. Khi nghe dugc vugn hot, nhdm khao sat se lang le tilp cgin vi tri de ghi 1^1 tieng hdt bing may ghi am de xac djnh chinh xac am thanh ciia vugn. Ngoai ra cdn xac djnh hudn^ dan vugn hdt (gdc phuang vj). Dua tren dg Idn am thanh, ban dd dja hinh, sinh canh thuc te dl xac djnh khoang each va vi tri phat ra tieng hdt ciia vugn.
Qua trinh thu am kit hgp ghi chep cac thdng tin theo mlu: Tga do, gdc phuang vj, khoang cAch udc tinh, ngudi thu, ngay thu, thdi gian bit dau, kit thuc hdt, lo^i tilng hdt, sd lugng dan, so con, gidi tinh, do tuoi, thdi gian mat trdi mgc...
Khi nghe dugc tren hai nhdm vugn tai rnot diem nghe hdt thi ghi am timg nhdm mgt va khong di chuyin vj tri ciia micro djnh hudng de dam bao ^ i am dugc tieng hdt cua vugn Idn hon.
Cac thanh vien trong nhdm se duge phan cdng dk ghi nhan cac dan tir eac hudng khac nhau.
Sau khi thu am, dua vao nhirng thdng tin ghi chep, dua len ban dd, file ghi am dugc phan tich qua phan mem Avisoft-SASLab Pro de xac dinh dugc viing phan bd ciia loai.
*Pltan tich Sm thank:
Phan tich tilng hdt ciia vugn tu nhimg mlu am thanh thu dugc trong budi sang sdm, tiep c|;n dua tren phuang phap md ta bdi Brockelman va All (1987). Khi nghe tilng hdt cac thdng tin: Thdi gian hdt, vj tri dan va thanh phan ca thi cua dan, gdc phuang vj duge ghi nh^n lai. Vdi thong tin tiay, nd da ed the phan biet tieng hdt tir cac nhdm khae nhau. Vj tri nhdm dugc md ta tren ban do de cho phep xac dinh lai vj tri cae dan mgt each tdt nhat tat ca cac nhdm trong khu vyc quan sat. Khi nghi ngd, dd la ciing mgt hoac mgt nhdm gan dd da dugc ghi nh^n l|.p l^i, eac do li?u sS bi loai va khdng phan tich th8m.
Ghi am tieng hdt cua vugn bang may thu am MARANTZ PMD 660 (Marantz, Nhat Ban, ty I? lay mau: 44,1 kHz, dp phan giai 16 bit) va Micro djnh hudng Sennheiser, Dire (module dien K6 va dau thu am chuyen nghigp ME 66 vdi kinh chan gid MZW66
II. KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU 1. Ket qua ghi am va phan bo ciia vugn
Sau 45 ngay khao sat (tir 09/10/2012 din 24/11/2012) va 30 ngay thu am tilng hdt cud vugn, da tiln hanh thu am tai 10 dinh niii (mdi dinh tuang ung 3 ngay).
Vj tri tga dg eua 10 dinh thu am tieng hdt ciia Vugn den ma hung tai Khu Bao tdn Sao la Quang Nam dugc the hi?n a bang 1.
Vi tri toa do cua 10 dinh thu am tieng hot ciia Vvon den ma hung Ten d i l m
Diem 2 Diem 3 Dilm 4 Diem 5 Diem 6 Dilm 7 Diem 8 Dilm 9 Dilm 10
T9a a? (X) 781664 760518 776147 778004 765599 765261 786310 789064 780971
Tpa dp (Y) 1770166 1774312 1773455 1773058 1773082 1771879 1770820 1770281 1768299
Tieu khu 25 23 22 23 12 12 36 36 26,38
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Cac dinh chgn dl thu am tilng hdt ciia vugn la cac dinh niii cao nhat trong cac d ludi (2km X 2km) tuong ung vdi cae ngoi sao dd d hinh 2. Ket qua thu am tai cae dinh cao nhat nhSm co thi thu het am thanh ciia cac dan Vugn phat ra trong ban kinh 2km.
Nhung din lieu d bang 2 cho thay, trong thang 10 va thang 11 nam 2012, hang ngay Vugn den ma hung thudng hdt trong khoang thdi gian tir sau 5 gid 30 phut din 7 gid 15 phiit sang tuy theo tirng ngay va tirng dan, nhung thudng tap trung nhieu vao thdi gian tir 6 gid den 7 gid.
Kit qua da thu am dugc tilng hdt ciia 13 dan vugn (tuang irng vdi cac cham xanh d hinh 2) tai 3 d ludi cdn 7 d ludi khae khdng thSy xult hien tieng hdt ciia vugn. Khu v\rc xuat hi?n vugn va ghi am dugc tilng hdt ciia vugn nim d tilu khu 25 va 12 nam trong viing ioi cua Khu Bao ton Sao la Quang Nam.
Hinh 2. Sa dd cdc dinh khdo sat vd phan bo Vugn den md hung (Nomascus annamensis) tgi Khu Bao tdn Sao la Quang Nam (thdng 10-11 ndm 2012)
Kit qua phan tich ciing cho th4y 5 mlu am triing l|ip ciia ciing mgt dan va 6 mau am nam ngoai Khu Bao ton Sao la Quang Nam do mgt sd dinh nui cao nhat dugc chgn de thu am nam gin khu vuc ranh gidi khu bao ton vai rirng phdng hd (bang 2), gAn vdi tilu khu 25 nen trong bang 2 vin dl d vj tri d tilu khu 25. Tai eac tilu khu 12, 25 cdn nhilu cay gd Idn, edng tac bao tdn dugc trien khai kha tdt. Viec ghi dugc 6 mlu am hdt ciia vugn ngoai pham vi ciia khu bao ton eho phep nghi rSng, c5n thilt phai md rgng dien tich Khu Bao tdn Sao la Quang Nam ra phia dd de ed the bao tdn loai Vugn den ma hung nay cd hieu qua han.
Tuy nhien, cdn 7 d ludi khac ciing dugc bd tri d viing ldi eiia Khu Bao tdn Sao la Quang Nam, nhung lai khdng ghi nhan duge tilng hdt ciia vugn. DSc bigt d nhirng khu v\rc bj t^c dgng m^inh nhu gan nai nuang ray, dudng Ho Chi Minh, nhirng nai bj khai thae gd...., thi hoin toan khdng ghi nhan dugc tilng hdt ciia vugn. Dieu do chirng td khu cu trii eiia Vugn den ma hung cf Khu Bao ton Sao la Quang Nam chi d trong khu rirng cdn cay go Idn, it bj tac dgng d tieu khu 25 va 12 vdi dien tich khdng Idn.
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Bang 2 Ket qua thu am tieng hdt ciia Vugn den ma hung {Nomascus annamensis)
d Khu Bao t^n Sao la Quang Nam
Ngay 19/10/2012 19/10/2012 19/10/2012 19/10/2012 20/10/2012 20/10/2012 20/10/2012 20/10/2012 20/10/2012 20/10/2012 6/11/2012 6/11/2012 6/11/2012 7/11/2012 7/11/2012 8/11/2012 8/11/2012 8/11/2012 9/11/2012 9/11/2012 10/11/2012 10/11/2012 11/11/2012 11/11/2012
Tpa dp (X) 781506 781541 781543 781569 781815 781041 781562 781684 781662 781166 765924 765391 764516 764565 765329 765329 766022 764502 764859 765601 764392 765348 764509 766027
Tpa dp (Yl 1770138 1769961 1770025 1770262 1771660 1769400 1769477 1770016 1769917 1772098 1773813 1771900 1772891 1772706 1771810 1771810 1773988 1773159 1771306 1770833 1771646 1770883 1772153 1771236
Dp cao dinh niji (m)
1312 1312 1312 1312 1312 1312 1312 1312 1312 1312 856 856 856 855 856 856 856 856 890 890 890 890 890 890
Thon gian hot 6 32:06-6:35:49 5 58-38-6 04:20 6.01.59-6 05-44 6:55:53-7:00:36 7:12:56-7:14:47 5:43:25-5:53 37 6 00:59-6:10 54 6.17:296:18:26 6-22.23-6.23:17 6.59 08-7:00:06 6:02.00-6:18:15 5:53:47-6-04-40 5:47:38-6:02:47 5:51:48-6-02-47 5 55:35-6:10 08 6:15:10-6:25-55 7.07:12-7:16.44 612:00-6:18.00 5:45-42-5:57:13 6:04 50-6:14:07 5:52:21-6:03:52 5:47 40-5.58:33 5:34 42-5.47:20 5:52:39-6:11-01
T i l u khu 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
IVIau am MSul Mau 14 M i u 15 MJu23 Mau 2 M i u 16 M i u 17 M l u 18 Mau 19 Mlu 24 Mau 3 Miu 20 Miu 12 Mau 4 M l u 5 Miu 6 Mau 7 Mlu 21 M i u 8 Mau 22 Mlu 9 Mau 13 Mau 10 Miu 11
Tinh trang C Ngoai Ngoai C D Ngoai Ngoai Ngoai Ngoai D
A A
A
B
B
Ghi chu: • C4c mau am 1 din 13 la am hdt ciia 13 dan vugn thu dugc tai diem tuong irng cham xanh tren hinh. 2.
- Cdc mlu am dugc ky hieu bJtng A, B,C, D lit nhirng am hot triing nhau ciia mgt dan thu dugc vio nh&ng ngay khac nhau ho3c a diem khac nhau (vi du mau am 23 trung vdi mau am I ciing dugc k;? hieu la C.
- Nt'oai: Ky hieu cho cac am hoi ciia vugn thu dugc d ngoai pham vi ciia Khu Bao ton, khdng ky hi?u dtrcn so do 2,
HQl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C V £ SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N T H 1 > 5
2. Phan tich am hoc
Phan tich 24 mlu am thanh thu dugc dya tren s\f khac biet ve thdng tin: Thdi gian hdt, vj tri dan va thanh phin ca thi cua dan, gdc phuang vj dugc ghi nhan lai, sir sai khac nhat djnh tieng hdt ciJa cac ca thi due va ca the cai tir cac quan thi khac nhau da dugc thu th^p. Am di^u tilng hdt ciia Vugn den ma hung d\rc trudng thanh ngan nga, cdn cua con cai trudng thanh thi keu to va khan hon (hinh 3)
W.«P,- ,
Hinh 3. Hinh dnh pho dm thanh tieng hot cua con due vd con cai (Nomascus annamensis) qua phan tich tir phan mem Avisoft-SASLab Pro.
IIL KET LU^N
30 ngay trong thang 10 va 11 nam 2012 da tien hanh thu am dugc 24 mau Sm tieng hot cua ciia 13 dan Vugn den ma hung {Nomascus annamensis) a 3 trong sd 10 d ludi (2km x 2km) nim trong tieu khu 25 va 12 cua Khu Bao ton Sao la Quang Nam. Trong so 24 mlu am thu dugc cd 5 mlu am trimg l?p, 6 mlu am thu dugc d ngoai ranh gidi ciia Khu Bao ton; Vugn den ma hung chi phan bd d khu rirng cdn cay gd Idn.
Da cd ket qua budc dau phan tich am bge cua Vugn den ma hung d Khu Bao ton Sao la Quang Nam.
TAI LI?U THAM KHAO
1. Nguyin Quang H6a Anh, Th^i Minh Bao, Maria Sarah Brook, VSn Nggc Thjnh, 2010. B^o cdo tinh tr^ng phan bo, danh gia mdi de dga v^ giai phSp bao ton cho lo^i Vugn den md trSng t^i hai Khu Bao ton thien nhien Phong Diln-Dak Rong. Bdo c4o ky thuat s6 1: Du dn bao ton Vugn, WWF Greater Mekong & WWF Chuang trinh Vi^t Nam, tinh Thira Thien Hul, Vi§t Nam.
2. Konrad R., T. Geissmann, 2006. Vocal Diversity and Taxonomy of Nomascus in Cambodia, International Journal of Primatology, DOI: 10.1007/s 10764-006-9042.
3. Rawson B. M., Paul Insua-Cao, Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Due, Simon Mahood, Thomas Geissmann and Christian Roos, 2011. The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam, Printed in Hanoi by: Phu Sy Printing.
4. TraehoU C , Roth Bunthoeun, Ben Rawson, Mon Samuth, Chea Virak, Sok Vuthin, 2005. Status review of pileated gibbon, Hylobates pileatus and yellow-cheeked crested gibbon, Nomascus gabriellae, in Cambodia, Fauna & Flora International.
5. Van Ngoc Thinh, Alan R. Mootnick, Vu Ngoc Thanh, Tilo Nadler, Christian Roos, 2010a. A new species of crested gibbon, fi-om the central Annamite mountain range, Viemamese Joumal of Primatology 4, I-I2.
6. Van Ngoc Thinh, Benjamin rawson, Chris Hallam, Marina Kenyon, Tilo Nadler, Lutz Walter, Christian Roos, 2010b. Phylogeny and Distribution of Crested Gibbons (Genus Nomascus) Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequence Data, American Joumal of Primatology 71:1-8.
7. Van Ngoc Thinh, T. Nadler, C. Roos, K. Hammcrschmidt, 2010d. Taxon-specific vocal characteristics of crested gibbons (Nomascus spp.), Pages 121-132 in T. Nadler, B. M. Rawson, and Van Ngoc Thinh, editors. Conservation of Primates in Indochina.Frankfurt Zoological Society and Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam.
HQl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I VA T A I NGUYEN SINH V A l L A N THLJ 5 FIRST RESULTS ON DISTRIBUTION OF NORTHERN BUFFED-CHEEKED
(Nomascus annamensis) IN QUANG NAM SAO LA NATURE RESERVE
NGUYEN VAN THIEN. VAN NGOC THINH, LE VU KHO!
SUMMARY
In total 30 days of October and November 2012, we conducted study on recording the songs of 24 samples from 13 groups of Northern buffed-cheeked (Womascus annamensis) and 13 groups of gibbons in 3 compartments out of 10 compartments (2km x 2km), which located in 25 and 12 forest compartment at Quang Nam Sao la Nature Reserve, 5 samples from these 24 samples were duplicated recorded. 6 sing samples were collected from outside the protected area. Northern buffed-cheeked (Nomascus annamensis) distnbuted only in the big tree forest. Our acoustic analysis of northern buffed-dieeked {Nomascus annamensis) in Quang Nam Sao la Nature Reserve is the first one
