Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Luat hgc. Tap 34, So 4 (2018) 32-40
Tap chi Khoa hoc Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi: Luat hoc
Website; hltps://js. vnu.edu. vn/LS
Hoan thien phap luat ve to chuc dai dien lao dong khi Viet Nam gia nhap Hiep dinh Doi tac Toan dien va
Tien bo xuyen Thai Binh Duong^
Le Thi Hoai Thu*
Khoa Ludt, Dai hoc Qudc gia Hd Noi. 144. Xudn Thiiy, Cdu Gidy, Hd Ndi, Viet Nam Ngay nhan 05 thang 11 nam 2018
Chinh sua ngay 05 thang 12 nam 2018; Chip nhan dang ngay 24 thang 12 nam 2018 Tom tat: To chiic d^i dien cua nguoi lao dpng la to chirc bao ve quyin va Icn ich hgp phap cila nguai lao dgng. Quyin cua ngudi lao dong trong viec thanh ISp va gia nhap tl chiic dai dien cua ngiroi lao dong tai co so can phai dirge ton trgng va bao ve. Dilu nay da dugc cac nuac thanh vien Hiep dmh Doi tac Toan dien va Tiln bo xuyen Thai Binh Duong (CPTPP) khSng dinh trong cam ket ve lao dgng tai chuong 19 ciia CPTPP Bai vilt chi ra thuc trang quy djnh ctia phap lu^t Viet Nam ve to chiic dai dien lao dpng dl tir do dua ra mgt si kiln nghi hoan thien phap luat vl tl chiic dai dien lao dpng khi Viet Nam gia nhap CPTPP.
Tir khda: To chiic dai dien lao dpng, nguai lao dgng, cong doan, CPTPP.
\. Khai quat ve td chiic dai dien lao dong To chuc dai dien ciia nguai lao dong do nhiing nguai lao dgng lap nen tren ca so cua nguyen tac Ur do, tu nguyen, khong trai phap luat vai chiic nang chii ylu la dai dien, bao ve quyin va lai ich hgp pbap, chinh dang cho nguai lao dgng. Sir thanh lap t l chirc dai dien nguai lao dgng la mgt phong trao Ion tren thi
DT: 84-24-37548516.
Email- le_hoai_thu2002@yahoo co uk https://doi org/10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4] 85 'Bai viet nay dugc ihuc hien (rong khuon kho di Idi cdp DHQGHN, ma s6 QG.17.30 ''Hodn thien phdp lugt kinh doanh tai Vi^i Nam nhdm chudn bi cho viec thi hdnh cdc hifp dinh thuang mai tu do (FTA) thi he m&r tir nam 2017 den nam 2019 do PGS.TS Le Thi Hodi Thu chii nhiem
giai, xuat hien tai chau Au vao dSu thi ki XIX dong thoi vai cuoc each mang kT nghe, khi nguai lao dgng c6 nhu cau can dugc bao v?
truac siic manh ciia nguai sir dung lao dgng va tir y thuc dugc gia tri ciia siic manh tap thi [1], So vai to chirc dai dien ciia nguai sii dung lao dgng, to chiic dai dien ciia nguai lao dgng ra dai sam ban va nhan dugc sir chu y nhiiu hon cua cac giai trong xa hoi. Dilu nay ciing hop vdri le tu nhien, boi nguai lao dgng trong quan he lam thue thuang la nguai ylu the ban so viSi nguai sir dung lao dgng. Ve phuang dien chinh tri, CO nhiing nghiep doan dgc lap vai chinh Dang (nghiep doan ciia My, Phap, Viet Nam cgng hoa), co nghiep doan chi phii chinli Dang (nghiep doan Anh), lai co nghiep doan le thupc
L.T.H Thu / Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN. Ludt hgc. Tap 34. Sd 4 (2018) 32-40
cbinh Dang (nghiep doan a cac quoc gia theo chu nghia xa hgi) [2].
Tir khi To chiic Lao dgng quoc te (ILO) ra d6i, viec thanh lap, gia nhap, boat dong trong to chiic cua minh ciing la mgt ngi dung trong quyen tu do lien ket cua nguai lao dgng dugc quy dinh tai Cong uoc so 87 (nam 1948) va cac van ban c6 lien quan ciia ILO. Theo quy dinh tai Dieu 2 Cong uac s6 87 va cac giai thich chinh thiic cua Uy ban vl tir do hiep hgi cua ILO, doi tugng ap dung Cong uoc la tat ca nguai lao dgng, khong c6 bSt cii su phan biet dira tren bat cii dac diem nao nhu nghe nghiep, gioi tinb, tuoi tac, nguon goc xuat than, dan tgc, quoc tich, tinh trang hon nhan, quan diem ton giao, chinh tri.. deu c6 quyen tu do thanb lap hoac gia nhap cong doan [3]. Quyen tu do thanh lap, gia nhap cong doan ciia nguai lao dgng tbeo quy dinh tai Dieu 2 cua Cong uac so 87 dugc hieu rat rgng. Ben canh quyen thanh lap, gia nhap hay khong thanb lap, khong gia nhap cong doan, nguai lao dgng con co quyen tiJt do trong viec quyet dinh t l chiic cua minh c6 g k nhap, lien ket v6i to chiic khac hay khong. Dieu nay dong nghTa vai viec mgt to chirc cong doan da dugc thanh lap khong the la rao can cbo viec ra doi mgt to chiic cong doan khac, ca a cap doanh nghiep va cac cap cao han.
Trong pham vi quoc gia, nguoi lao dgng co the thanh lap mgt hoac nhieu to cbiic dai dien cua minh tuy tbugc vao pham vi quyen tu do lap hgi cua ngiroi lao dgng dugc thira nhan din mirc do nao bai phap luat quoc gia. O cac quoc gia khong iing hg chu nghia da nguyen thucmg chi ton tai mgt loai to chirc duy nhat dai di?n cho nguoi lao dgng, Ngugc lai, a nhiing quoc
" gia iing hp chu nghia da nguyen thucmg co ' nhieu loai to chiic khac nhau dai dien cho
^- nhiing nhom ngucri lao dong khac nhau. Trong '' truang hop nay, cac to chirc dai dien ciia nguoi
^ lao dgng phai thao luan, thuang thuyet va di den ' thong nhit cii ra t l chiic co tinh dai dien nhat cho
" giai lao dgng tham gia co che ba ben (giira dai '' dien Nba nuac, dai dien nguoi sir dung lap dgng
^ va dai dien ngucri lao dgng). Khi can thiet, Nha 1^ nuac CO the can thiep, tham chi la true tiep, vao
viec lira ehgn nay. Trong pham vi khu vuc va
quoc te, to chiic dai dien ciia nguai lao dpng c6 quyen gia nhap to chiic dai dien ciia nguoi lao dgng trong khu vuc va gia nhap to chuc dai dien nguoi lao dgng a cap quoc te.
Khi tham gia quan he lao dgng (co che phoi hgp bai ben va co che ba ben), to chirc dai dien ciia nguoi lao dgng c6 nhiing vai tro co ban nhu: La cau noi nguai lao dgng vai nguai sir dung lao dgng va Nha nuoc; Cimg dai dien ciia Nha nuac va nguai sir dung lao dpng quyet dinh hoac cimg dai dien ciia nguai sii dung lao dgng tu van cho Nha nuoc xay dung chinh sach, phap iuat lao dgng, xay dung quy hoach, ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hgi cua quoc gia, nganh, vung...; Phoi hgp vai hai "doi tac xa hot" con lai cua co che ba ben t l chiic thuc bien chinh sach, phap luat, quy hoach, ke hoach,.. va giai quyet cac van de phat sinh tir qua trinh to chirc thuc hien nay (bao gom ca viec giai quyit tranh chap lao dgng va dinh cong); Cung dai dien ngucri sir dung lao dgng xay dung quan he lao dpng hai ben lanh manh, mot truang lao dgng hai boa, on dinh,
Tuan thii tieu chuan lao dgng quoc te ve lao dgng la ngi dung luon dugc de cap den trong cac Hiep dinh thuang mai tu do the he moi.
Cung nhu cac Hiep dinh tu do thuang mai thi he mai khac, Hiep dinh D6i tac Toan dien va Tiln bg xuyen Thai Binh Duong (CPTPP) khong dua ra cac tieu chuan moi ve lao dgng ma chi nhac lai cac tieu chuan lao dpng da dugc quy dinh trong cac Cong uac cua To chiic lao dgng quoc te (ILO) ma cac nuac la thanh vien cua CPTPP deu co nghia vu tuan thii, thuc day va thuc tbi vai tu each la thanb vien ciia ILO, bao gom: i) Quyen tu do lien ket va thuang lugng tap the; ii) Xoa bo lao dpng cuong bite hoac bat bugc; iii) Bai bo lao dgng tre em, cam nhiing hinh thiic lao dong tre em te hai nhat; iv) Khong phan biet doi xu trong lao dong va nghi nghiep. Tbeo chuang 19 CPTPP, Viet Nam phai ton trpng va bao dam quyin ciia nguoi lao dgng trong viec thanh lap va gia nhap to chiic dai dien cua nguai lao dpng tai co sa. To chiic dai dien cua nguoi lao dpng tai co sa c6 the lua ehgn gia nhap Tong Lien doan Lao dgng Viet Nam hoac dang ky voi ca quan nha nuac c6
L.TH. Thu/Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Lugt hgc, Tgp 34. So 4 (2018) 32-40
tham quyin dl dugc chinh thiic boat dgng voi tu each la tl chiic dpc lap so voi he thong Tong Lien doan Lao dpng Viet Nam (khong thuoc vl he thing T6ng Lien doan Lao dgng Vi?t Nam).
Du thupc hay khong thuoc he thong Tong Lien doan Lao dgng Viet Nam, to chirc dai dien cua nguoi lao dgng diu phai tuan thii Hien phap, phap luat, boat dpng phai phii hgp vcri ton chi, muc dich va phuang thiic boat dpng da dupc dang ky. Ton chi, muc dich boat dpng ciia to chite dai dien nguoi lao dgng phai bao dam theo dung cac tieu chuan ciia ILO la de dai dien, bao ve quyen va Igi ich hgp phap, chinh dang cua nguai lao dgng thong qua cac binh thirc tuang tac duoc quy dinh trong phap luat bao gom doi thoai, thuong lugng tap the, dinh cong va cac hanh dgng cong nghiep khac trong quan he lao dgng. Cac t6 chirc dai dien nguai lao dong khong dugc phep tien hanh bat cu hoat dgng nao CO kha nang xam hai den an ninh quoc gia, trat tu, an toan xa hgi, khong dugc tham gia bat cu hoat dgng nao ngoai ton chi, muc dich pbii hgp voi quy dinh ciia ILO va da dang ky voi co quan nha nuac co tham quyen.
2. Quy dinh vl to chirc dai difn lao dong trong phap luat Viet Nam
Ct Viet Nam, to chirc Cong doan - dai dien cho ngucri lao dgng xuat bien tir nhiing nam dau ciia the ki XX va chinh thiic dugc thanh lap nam 1929. Con ducmg ra doi ciia Cong doan Viet Nam cung khong nam ngoai quy luat chung so voi con duong ra dai cua Nghiep doan cong nhan ciia cac quoc gia khac tren thi gioi, Cho den nam 1965, Cong doan vln la to chiic duy nhat dai dien cho nguoi lao dgng Viet Nam trong ph^m vi ca nuoc, Tir nam 1965 den 1975, do hoan canh dat nuac bi chia cit hai miln bai cuoc khang chien chong Mi, do nguoi lao dpng lam thue trong vimg chiln su phai lam viec duoi sir dieu chinh ciia mgt he thing phap luat khac (Bp Luat lao dpng Viet Nam cgng hoa) va duai quyen cua nhiing nguoi sir dung lao dgng khong phai la Nha nucrc Viet Nam, vi vay 6 miln Nam da hinh thanh cac to chiic khac dai dien, dau tranh bao ve quyin Igi cbo nguoi lao
dgng, nhu: Hgi lao dpng giai phong, Cong do^
giai phong thuoc Lien hiep Cong doan giai phong mien Nam. Trong suot thcri ki nay, giua Tong Cong doan Viet Nam luon giii moi quan h? ch$t che vai Hgi lao dgng giai phong va Lien hiep Cong doan giai phong mien Nam. Sau giai phong mien Nam, ngay 06/6/1976, H6i nghi thong nhat Cong doan toan quoc dugc to chiic tai thanh pho Ho Cbi Minh da thong nhat cac tl chiic dai dien nguai lao dgng Viet Nam thanh mgt to chiic duy nhat la lay ten la Ting Cong doan Viet Nam. Din nam 1988, Tong Cong doan Viet Nam dugc doi ten thanh T6ng Lien doan lao dgng Viet Nam. Cho den thai diem nay, to chirc Cong doan Viet Nam mai chi dai dien cbo ngudi lao dgng trong khu vuc Nha nuoc. Ke tir kbi Nha nuoc ta chuyen doi co che quan li kinh te, Cong doan Viet Nam ngay cang md rpng pham vi hoat dpng va dan tro thanh tl chiic dai dien cho toan the nguoi lao dpng Viet Nam trong ca khu vuc Nha nuoc va ngoai khu vuc Nha nuac [4].
Khi chuyen sang nin kmh t l thi tmong, vin de dai dien lao dgng d nuac ta dugc ghi nhan trong Quy che lao dpng dli vdi cac xi nghiep c6 von dSu tu nudc ngoai ban hanh kem theo Nghi dinh so 233/HDBT ngay 22/06/1990 cua Hoi dong bg trudng (nay la Chinh phii) quy djnh:
"Dai dien lao dpng la chii tich hoac ngudi duac uy quyen ciia Ban chap hanh cong doan thuoc he tbdng Tong Lien doan Lao dpng Viet Nam;
hoac la ngudi dugc dai dien tap the lao dong trong xi nghiep cir ra thay mat cho hp, khi hong xi nghiep chua co td chirc cdng doan" (khoan 2, Dieu 2). Ngoai ra, dai dien lao dpng cdn duoc quy dinh trong Ban quy dinh ve thda udc lao ddng tap the, ban hanh kem theo Nghi dinh so 18/CP ngay 26/12/1992 cua Chinh phu. Theo Ban quy dinh nay thi: "Ban dai dien lao dpng cd it nhat la ba ngudi, do tap the lao dpng hong doanh nghiep bau ra va dugc co quan lao dpng cap tinh xac nhan". Viec blu ban dai dien lao dgng dugc tien hanh trong cac doanh nghiep
"chua cd td chiic cdng doan" (dilm b khoan I Dieu 6). Trong trudng hgp doanh nghiep da co td cbiic cong doan nhung sd lugng doan vien cdng doan dudi 50% sd lugng ngudi lao dong
L T.H Thu / Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN: Ludt hgc. Tdp 34, So 4 (2018) 32-40
thi "Ban Chap hanh Cdng doan noi do phai to chiic bau them dai dien cua nhiing ngudi lao dgng chua la doan vien cong doan" (diem a khoan I Dieu 6). Mac dii cac van ban ndi tren deu khdng cdn hieu lire nhumg cung cbo thay phap luat da tbiia nhan va quy dmh dai dien lao ddng bao gdm: td chiic cdng doan co sd hoac dai dien do tap the lao ddng blu nen. Tinh chit da cdng doan d khia canh nao do da dugc thira nhan va thuc hien trong van dl dai dien lao ddng [5].
Hien nay, dai dien lao ddng d Viet Nam dugc quy dinb tai Luat cdng doan nam 2012;
Bg luat lao ddng nam 2012, Nghi dinh sd 43/2013/ND-CP ngay 10/5/2013 cua Chinh phu quy dinh cbi tiet thi hanh Dilu 10 cua Luat cong doan ve quyen, trach nhiem ciia cdng doan trong viec dai dien, bao ve quyen, Igi ich hop phap, chinh dang ciia ngudi lao ddng, Nghi dinh sd 191/2013/ND-CP ngay 21/11/2013 ciia Cbinb phii quy dinh chi tiet ve tai cbinh cdng doan, Nghi dinh sd 200/2013/ND-CP ngay 26/11/2013 ciia Chinh phii quy dinh cbi tiet thi hanh Dieu 11 Luat cong doan ve quyen, trach nhiem cua cdng doan trong viec tham gia quan li nha nudc, quan li kinh te - xa hdi, Dieu le Cdng doan Viet Nam nam 2013 va mdt sd van ban phap luSt khac.
Theo quy dinh cua cac van ban pbap luat neu tren, dai dien lao dgng d Viet Nam la td chiic cdng doan dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 1 Luat cdng doan nam 2012: "Cdng dodn Id td chirc chinh tri - xd hgi rdng l&n cua giai cdp cdng nhdn vd cua ngu&i lao ddng, duac thdnh lap trin Cff s& tu nguyin. Id thdnh viin trong he thdng chinh tri cua xd hdi Viet Nam, du&i su lanh dgo cua Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam; dgi dien cho cdn bd, cdng chicc. viin chirc, cdng nhdn vd nhirng ngu&i lao dgng khde (sau ddy ggi chung Id ngu&i lao ddng), cung v&i ca quan
• nhd nu&c, td chuc kinh te, td chuc xd hgi cham lo vd bdo vi quyin, lgi ich hgp phdp, chinh '- ddng cua ngu&i lag dgng; tham gia qudn li nhd -• nu&c, qudn ll kinh te - xd hdi, tham gia thanh '•'• tra, kiim tra, gidm sdt hoat dgng cua ca quan '• nhd nu&c, td chirc, dan vi, doanh nghiip; tuyen ' truyen, van ddng ngu&i lao dgng hoc tap ndng '' cao trinh do, ky ndng nghe nghiep, chdp hdnh
phdp ludt, xdy dtmg vd bdo ve Td qudc Viet Nam xd hdi chu nghia". Ndi dung quy djnh ve dai dien lao dgng bao gdm:
Thii nhdt, quyin thanh lap, gia nhap va boat dgng cdng doan cua ngudi lao ddng.
Theo quy dinh tai Dieu 5 Luat Cdng doan va Dilu le Cdng doan Viet Nam, ngudi lao ddng la ngudiViet Nam lam viec trong co quan, td chirc, doanh nghiep cd quyen thanh lap, gia nhap va boat ddng cdng doan tbeo quy dinh cua Dieu le Cdng doan Viet Nam.
Thd- hai, chtic nang, quyin, trach nhiem cua Cdng doan.
Cac chirc nang co ban cua Cdng doan Viet Nam bao gdm: i) Dai dien va bao ve quyen, lgi ich hgp phap, chinh dang cua ngudi lao dpng;
li) Tham gia quan li nha nudc, quan !i kinh te - xa hdi; iii) Van ddng, giao due ngudi lao ddng.
De thuc hien cac chirc nang tren, Nha nudc quy dinh cho Cdng doan Viet Nam nhiing nhiem vu trong Luat Cdng doan nam 2012, bao gdm: i) Dai dien, bao ve quyen, lgi ich hpp phap, chinh dang cua ngudi lao ddng (Dieu 10 Luat Cdng doan, Nghi djnh sd 43/2013/ND- CP); ii) Tham gia quan li nba nudc, quan li kinh te - xa hdi (Dieu 11 Luat cdng doan, Nghi dinh so 200/2013/ND-CP; iii) Trinh du an luat, phap lenh va kien nghi xay dung chinh sach, phap luat (Dieu 12 Luat cdng doan); iv) Tham du cac phien hgp, cupc hgp, ki hgp va hgi nghi (Dilu 13_ Luat cdng doan); v) Tham gia thanh fra, kiem tra, giam sat hoat dgng cua ca quan, td cbiic, doanh nghiep (Dilu 14 Luat cdng doan);
vi) Tuyen ttnyen, van ddng, giao due ngudi lao ddng (Dilu 15 Luat cdng doan); vi) Phat triin doan vien cdng doan va cdng doan co sd (Dilu 16 Luat cdng doan).
Tren co sd cac nhiem vu dugc quy dinh tai Luat cdng doan, tai moi ki Dai hgi toan quoc, Tdng Lien doan lao dgng Viet Nam da cu thi hoa thanh nhiing nhiem vu cu thi cho tiing giai doan. Moi d p td chuc ciia Cong doan cd nhirn<j quyen han cu thi dl thirc hien chiic nan ' nhiem vu cua cdng doan phu hgp vdi hi.ig ^ trong he thdng td chiic ciia Cdng doan.
L. T.H Thu / Tap cbi Khoa hoc DHQGHN: Ludt hgc. Tap 34. So 4 (2018) 32-40
Thu ba, quyin, trach nhiem ciia doan vien cdng doan.
Quyin ciia doan vien cdng doan dugc quy dinb tai Dieu 18 Luat cdng doan, bao gdm: i) Yeu cau Cdng doan dai dien, bao ve quyen, lgi ich hgp phap, chinh dang khi bi xam pbam; ii) Dugc thdng tin, thao luan, de xuat va bieu quyet cdng viec cua Cdng doan; dugc thdng tin ve dudng ldi, chil truong, chinh sach ciia Dang va phap luat ciia Nha nudc lien quan den Cdng doan, ngudi lao ddng; quy dinh ciia Cdng doan;
iii) Lfng cu, dl cir, bau cir co quan lanh dao cdng doan theo quy dinb cua Dieu le Cdng doan Viet Nam; chat van can bg lanh dao cdng doan;
kien nghi xii li ki luat can bg cdng doan cd sai pham; iv) Dugc Cong doan Ur van phap luat, trg giiip phap li mien phi phap luat ve lao ddng, cong doan; v) Dugc Cong doan hudng dan giiip dd tim viec lam, hgc nghi; tham bdi, giup dd liic dm dau hoac khi gap hoan canh khd khan;
vi) Tham gia boat dgng van hoa, the thao, du lich do Cdng doan td chiic; vii) De xuat vdi Cdng doan kien nghi co quan, td chirc, doanh nghiep ve viec thirc hien che do, chinh sach, phap lu§t ddi vdi ngudi lao dgng.
Trach nhiem ciia doan vien cdng doan dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 19 Luat cong doan, bao gdm:
i) Chap hanh va thuc hien Dieu le Cdng doan Viet Nam, ngbi quyet cua Cdng doan; tham gia cac boat ddng cdng doan, xay dung td chiic cdng doan virng manh; ii) Hpc tap nang cao trinh dp chinh tri, van hoa, chuyen mdn, ky nang nghe nghiep; ren luyen pbam chat giai cap cong nhan; sdng va lam viec theo Hien phap va phap luat; in) Doan kit, giup dd ddng nghiep nang cao trinh do, ky nang nghe nghiep, lao ddng cd hieu qua va bao ve quyen, lgi ich hcrp phap, chinh dang ciia ngudi lao dpng va to chirc cdng doan.
Thii- tu, trach nhiem cua Nha nudc, co quan nha nudc, td chiic, doanh nghiep ddi vdi Cong doan.
Trach nhiem ciia Nha nudc, ca quan nha nudc, td chiic, doanh nghiep ddi vdi Cdng doan dugc quy dinh tai Chuong III Luat cdng doan, bao gdm:
i) Quan he giiia Cdng doan vdi Nha nu6c, CO quan, td chiic, doanh nghiep (Dieu 20): la quan he hgp tac, phdi hgp de thirc hien chirc nang, quyen, trach nhiem ciia cac ben tbeo quy dinh ciia phap luat, gdp phan xay dung quan he lao ddng hai hoa, dn dinh va tien bd.
ii) Trach nhiem cua Nha nudc doi vdi Cong doan (Dilu 21): Bao dam, hd trg, tao dilu kien cho Cdng doan thuc hien chiic nang, quyen, trach nhiem theo quy dinh ciia phap luat; Tuyen truyin, phd bien, giao due phap luat ve lao ddng, cdng doan va quy dinh khac cua phap luat cd lien quan din td chiic cdng doan, quyen, nghia vu cua ngudi lao ddng; Thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat va xu li hanh vi vi pham phap luat vl cdng doan; Phdi hgp vdi Cdng doan cham lo va bao dam quyin, Igi ich hgp phap, chinh dang cua ngudi lao ddng; Lay y kien cila Cdng doan khi xay dung chinh sach, phap luat Hen quan hue tiep den td chiic cdng doan, quyen, nghTa vu cua ngudi lao ddng; Phdi hgp va tao dieu kien de Cdng doan tham gia quan li nha nudc, quan li kinh te - xa hdi, dai dien, bao ve quyen, lgi ich hgp phap, chinh dang ciia ngudi lao ddng.
iii) Trach nhiem cua ca quan, td chiic, doanh nghiep ddi vdi Cdng doan (Dieu 22)' Phdi hgp vdi Cdng doan thuc hien chiic nang, quyen, nghTa vu cua cac ben theo quy dinh cua phap Iuat; Tao dieu kien cho ngudi lao dpng thanh lap, gia nhap va boat ddng cdng doan;
Phdi hgp vdi cong doan cimg cap xay dung, han hanh va thuc hien quy che phdi hgp boat dgng;
Thira nhan va tao dieu kien de cdng doan co so thuc hien quyen, trach nhiem theo quy dinh ciia phap luat; Trao ddi, cung cap day dii, chinh xac, kip thdi thdng tin lien quan den td chirc, hoat ddng ciia co quan, td chiic, doanh nghiep theo quy dinh ciia phap luat khi Cdng doan de nghi;
Phdi hgp vdi Cdng doan td chiic ddi thoai, thuang lugng, ky ket, thuc hien thoa udc lao ddng tap the va quy che dan chii ca sd; Lay ^ kien cua cdng doan ciing d p tnrdc khi quyel dinh nhiing van de Hen quan den quyen, nghia vu ciia ngudi lao ddng; Phdi hgp vdi Cdng doan giai quyit tranh chip lao ddng va nhiing van de Hen quan den viec thuc hien phap luat vl lao ddng, Bao dam dieu kien boat ddng cdng doan,
L T.H. Thu / Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN. Lugl hgc. Tap 34 So 4 (2018) 32-40
can bd cdng doan va ddng kinh phi cdng doan theo quy dinh.
Thie ndm, bao dam boat ddng cua Cdng doan.
Nhiing bao dam boat ddng ciia Cdng doan dugc quy dinh tai Chuang IV ciia Luat cdng doan, bao gdm:
i) Bao dam ve td chiic, can bd (Dilu 23):
Cdng doan cac d p dugc bao dam ve to chirc va sd lugng can bd, cdng chiic de thuc hien chirc nang, quyen, trach nhiem theo quy dinh cua phap luat. Can cii vao yeu cau nhiem vu ciia timg cdng doan co sd va sd lugng lao ddng trong ca quan, td chii'c, doanh nghiep, co quan CO tham quyen quan li can bd cdng doan quyet dinh bd tri can bg cdng doan chuyen trach.
ii) Bao dam dieu kien hoat ddng cdng doan (Dieu 24): Ca quan, td chiic, doanh nghiep cd trach nhiem bd tri noi lam viec va tao dieu kien ve phuang tien lam viec can thiet cho cdng doan Cling cap boat dgng. Can bg cdng doan khdng chuyen trach dugc su dung 24 gid lam viec trong mdt thang ddi vdi Chii tich, Phd Chii tich cdng doan co sd, 12 gid lam viec trong 01 thang ddi vdi Uy vien Ban chap hanh, Td trudng, Td phd td cdng doan de lam cdng tac cong doan va dugc dan vi sir dung lao dpng tra luong. Can bd cdng doan khdng chuyen trach dugc nghi lam viec va dugc hudng luong do don VI sii dung lao ddng chi tra trong nhiiTig ngay tham du cuoc hgp, tap huln do cdng doan cap tren trieu tap. Can bd cdng doan khdng chuyen trach do don vi sir dung lao ddng tra luong, dugc hudng phu cap trach nhiem can bd cdng doan tbeo quy dinh ciia Tdng Lien doan Lao ddng Viet Nam. Can bd cdng doan chuyen trach do Cdng doan tra luang, dugc dan vj sir dung lao ddng bao dam quyen lgi va phuc lgi tap the nhu ngudi lao ddng dang lam viec trong CO quan, td chiic, doanh nghiep.
iii) Bao dam cho can bg cdng doan (Dieu 25): Can bd cdng doan khdng chuyen trach dang trong nhiem ki khi hgp ddng lao ddng het ban dugc gia han hgp ddng lao ddng, hgp ddng lam viec den het nhiem ki, Ngudi sii dung lao dpng khdng dugc don phuang cham diit hgp ddng lao ddng, hgp ddng lam viec, sa thai, bugc
thdi viec hoac thuyen chuyen cdng tac ddi vdi can bd cdng doan khdng chuyen trach - neu khdng cd y kien thda thuan bang van ban, cua Ban chap hanh cdng doan co sd hoac Ban chap hanh cdng doan cap tren true tiep co so. Trudng hgp ngudi lao ddng la can bd cdng doan klidng chuyen trach bi co quan, td chiic, doanh nghiep cham diit hgp ddng lao ddng, hgp ddng lam viec, budc thdi viec hoac sa thai trai phap luat thi Cdng doan cd trach nhiem yeu cau co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen can thiep; neu duoc iiy quyen thi Cdng doan dai dien khdi kien tai Toa an de bao ve quyen, lgi ich hgp phap cho can bd cdng doan; ddng thdi hd trg tim viec lam mdi va trg cap trong thdi gian gian doan vice lam theo quy dinh ciia Tdng Lien doan Lao dgng Viet Nam.
iv) Ngoai ra, Luat cdng doan cdn quy dinh ve tai chinh cdng doan (Dieu 26), quan li, sir dung tai chinh cdng doan (Dieu 27), kiem tra, giam sat tai chinh cdng doan (Dieu 29), Tai san cdng doan (Dieu 28) va kiem tra, giam sat tai chinh cdng doan (Dieu 29).
Thu sdu, giai quyet tranh chap va xir li vi pham phap luat ve cdng doan.
Theo quy dinh tai Dieu 30 Luat cdng doan, tranh chap thupc pham vi quyen, trach nhiem cua Cdng doan trong quan be lao ddng thi tham quyen, trinh tu, thii tuc giai quyet theo phap luat ve giai quyet tranh chap lao ddng; Tranh chap thudc pbam vi quyen, trach nhiem ciia Cdng doan trong cac quan he khac thi tham quyen, trinh Ur, thii tuc giai quyet theo phap luat tuang ling cd lien quan; Tranh chap lien quan den viec khdng thuc hien hoac tu chdi thuc hien trach nhiem cua dan vi sii dung lao ddng ddi vdi Cdng doan tbi cdng doan ca sd hoac cdng doan cap tren true tiep co sd kien nghi ca quan nba nudc cd tham quyen giai quyet hoac khdi kien tai Toa an theo quy dinh ciia pbap luat.
Theo quy dinh tai Dieu 31 Luat cdng doan, CO quan, td chiic, doanh nghiep, ca nhan cd hanh vi vi pham phap luat cdng doan thi tiiy theo tinh chat, miic dp vi pham ma bi xu li ki luat, xir phat vi pham hanh cbinh, boi thudng
L.TH. Thu / Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN. Ludt hgc. Tgp 34. Sg 4 (2018) 32-40
thiet bai hoac truy cuu trach nhiem hinh su theo quy dinh cua phap luat.
Tir khi thanb lap den nay, Cdng doan Viet Nam ludn nd luc trong viec thuc bien chuc nang dai dien, bao ve ngudi lao ddng va cac chirc nang khac cua minh, Lgi the ciia Cdng doan hien nay la khdng phai "canh tranh" vdi bat ki mdt td chirc nao khac de cd ca hdi thi hien vai trd cua minh ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng va ddi vdi tien trinh phat tnen kinh te, dn dinh chinh tri va tien bd xa hdi d Viet Nam. Song, dieu nay ciing chinh la thach tbiic ddi vdi Cdng doan. Lieu cd the "vugt qua chinh minh" de "tir kh_3ng dinh minh" la td chiic duy nhat khdng the thay the hay khong? Ia cau hdi ldn ddi vdi Cdng doan Viet Nam trong giai doan hien nay.
Khi ma Cdng doan cac cap, nhat la cdng doan cap CO sd dang rat liing hing trong viec thuc hien vai trd dai dien ciia minh ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng d khu vuc kinh te tu nhan va co vdn dau tu nudc ngoai, khi ma cac the Igc doi nghich dang khdng ngimg dau tranh va dung mgi thii doan de thanh lap cac td chiic dai dien khac cho ngudi lao ddng... thi thach thiic ddi vdi Cdng doan Viet Nam cang ldn. Han nira, khdng it quy dinh cua Nha nudc vl cdng doan da Ud nen lac hau trude yeu cau ciia thi tnrdng lao ddng hien nay, ban than td chiic cdng doan cung cdn nhiiu van dl bat cap trong td chiic va hoat ddng cua minh, nhu:
- Chi cd mdt td cbiic cdng doan duy nhit dugc cong nhan la dai dien lao ddng, trong khi hieu qua hoat ddng chua thuc su hieu qua, dac biet la d cap cd sd. Phdn l&n cdc td chicc cdng dodn CO s& dd khdng thuc hiin tdt chiic ndng Id mot td chirc dgi dien cho ngu&i lao dgng, bdo vi quyen vd lgi ich cua ngu&i lao dgng... Lanh dgo cdng dodn phu thudc vdo ngu&i su dung lao ddng. Co nhiiu ngu&i lao ddng khdng biit rdng mgt phdn tien luong ciia hg duoc trich cho cdng dodn cdp tren hogc cdng cd nhiing ngu&i lao dgng khdng mudn tham gia cdng dodn [6].
- H? thdng cdng doan hien tai dugc thilt kl nang ve md hinh td chirc banh chinh, chua thuc sir chii p-gng phat triin he thong cdng doan ngatih.
- Hoat ddng cua Cdng doan cdn phu thupc nhiiu vao Nha nudc va ngudi sir dung lao dpng, - Phap luat Viet Nam da loai trir mdt si dli tugng ngudi lao ddng ma dang le ra hg cung co quyen thanh lap, gia nhap cdng doan, bao glm:
i) Ngudi lao dgng khdng phai la ngudi lao dpng cd qudc tich Viet Nam; ii) Ngudi lao dgng trong khu vuc phi chinh thiic, ngudi lao dpng tu do, khdng cd quan he viec lam; iii) Ngudi lao ddng lam viec cho ca nhan, hd gia dinh.
- Chua cd ca che thuc sir hgp li dk bao v?
can bd cdng doan ca sd.
3. Mdt s6 kien nghi hoan thien phap Iuat ve dai dien lao dong khi Vi§t Nam gia nh|p Hiep dinh Ddi tac Join dien va Tiln b§
xuyen Thai Binh Dmmg
Nham tan dung ca hdi do CPTPP mang lai, vdi thuc trang cac quy dinh phap luat vk dai dien lao ddng d nudc ta nhu da phan tich d hen thi viec dua ra cac giai phap hoan thien la rSt can thiet.
Thir nhat, d n ra soat toan bd he flidng phap luat Viet Nam, hh. diu tir Hiln phap nam 2013, tiep den la cac bg luat, Iuat lien quan (Bg luat lao ddng nam 2012, Luat Cdng doan nam 2012, Luat viec lam nam 2013, Luat an toan, v? sinh lao ddng nam 2015, Luat bao hilm xa hdi nam 2014, Luat bao hilm y t l nam 2008 (sua ddi, bl sung nam 2014), Lu§t ngudi lao dgng Viet Nam di lam viec d nudc ngoai theo hgp ddng nam 2006..,) va cac nghi djnh, thdng Ur, quyit dinh... quy dinh chi tilt, hudng din tbi hanh cac bd Iuat, luat cd lien quan den quyin tu do cong doan cua ngudi lao dgng. Tren ca sd do can sua ddi, bd sung mdt each toan dien, dong bg toan bd he thdng phap luat lien quan, bao gdm ca cac quy dinh vl quyin thanh lap, gia nhap td chiic cdng doan, dang ky cdng doan;
tham quyen ciia cdng doan cac d p lien quan den viec de xuat xay dung phap luat Hen quan den quyen lgi, nghia vu ciia ngudi lao dpng;
tham gia y kien vdi co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen khi quyet dinh cac van dl lien quan deo
L T.H. Thu / Tap chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN: Ludi hoc. Tgp 34. Sd 4 (2018) 32-40
quyen lgi, nghia vu cua ngudi lao ddng; tham gia kiem tra, giam sat viec thuc hien phap lu|t lao ddng, phap luat cdng doan; giai quyet ho|c tham gia giai quyit khiiu nai, td cao ciia ngudi lao dgng; tham gia ddi thoai tai noi lam viec, thuong lugng tap the, ky ket thda udc lao ddng tap the, xay dung quy che dan chu d ca sd tai nai lam viec; tham gia y kien vdi ngudi sir dung lao ddng khi xay dung ngi quy lao dgng, quy che tien luong, quy che danh gia ngudi lao ddng, thang luong, bang luong; dai dien tap the lao ddng trong qua trinh giai quyet tranh chap lao ddng tap the; td chiic, lanh dao tap the lao ddng tien hanh dinh cdng... Cung vdi viec sira ddi, bd sung cac van ban phap luat hien hanh, can cd ke hoach ban hanh cac van ban pbap luat mdi nhu Luat ve hgi (trong do dieu chinh ca viec thanh lap, hoat dgng cua td chiic cdng doan dgc lap cua ngudi lao dgng theo tinh than ciia CPTPP) va cac van ban phap luat d n thilt khac v8 quyen tu do cdng doan cua ngudi lao ddng.
Thic hai, can md rgng ddi tugng gia nhap va boat ddng cdng doan cho ngudi nudc ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam, Viec quy dinh md rgng ddi tugng nay phu hgp vdi tinh than ciia cac cam ket lao ddng qudc te Uong dd cd Cdng udc qudc tl vl cac quyen dan su va chinh tri (nam 1966) cua Lien hgp qudc ma Viet Nam da tham gia.
Thu ba, d n quy dinh cu the nhung ddi tugng khdng dugc thanh lap, gia nhap td chiic cong doan trong cac doanh nghiep, don vi thudc khu vuc ngoai nha nudc bao gdm: nhung ngudi quan li trong cac doanh nghiep (Cbu tich doanh nghiep, Chii tich Hdi ddng quan Ui, Tdng Giam dde, Giam dde, Hieu traang, Vien tnrdng, Phd Cbu tich Hgi dong quan Ui, Phd Tdng giam dde, Phd Giam dde, Phd Hieu trudng, Phd Vi?n trudng dugc uy quyen quan li doanh nghi8p).
Nhiing ngudi than cua cac ddi tugng nay khdng dugc tham gia td chiic cdng doan vdi vai trd la nhiing ngudi lanh dao cdng doan.
Quy dinh nay dam bao cho Cdng doan dugc dpc lap trong td chirc va boat ddng cdng doan, hoat dpng thuc chat va hieu qua.
Thic tu, d n bd sung quy dinh cam ngudi sir dung lao ddng tham gia hay can thiep vao viec
phat triin doan vien cdng doan, nhu: cam kiem soat danh sach nhung ngudi gia nhap cdng doan; d m can thiep vao viec bau ban cbSp hanh cdng doan ca sd tai doanh nghiep...
Thu ndm, quy dinh cdng doan d p tren la td chiic dai dien cho ngudi lao ddng d nhimg noi chua thanh lap cdng doan co sd nhu hien nay khdng phii hgp vdi nguyen tac tu do cdng doan, khd phat huy hieu qua tren thuc te, tao tam li cho ngudi lao ddng ve viec khdng nhat thiet phai cd td chiic cdng doan trong doanh nghiep.
Vi vay, can loai bd quy dinh nay trong Luat Cdng doan va Bd luat lao ddng.
Thu sdu, d n tiep tuc nghien ciiu de cd quy dinh hgp li ban ve che do, chinh sach ddi vdi can bg cdng doan ca sd khdng chuyen trach, thu hiit va ddng vien ngudi lao ddng cd nang luc, nhiet huyet lam can bd cdng doan, trong dd dac biet la co che bao ve can bd cdng doan ca sd khdng chuyen Uach de nhiing ngudi lao dgng nay yen tam hoat dgng cdng doan,
Thie bdy, ckn ra soat, sira ddi quy dinh ve cac bien phap che tai ddi vdt hanh vi vi pham phap luat cdng doan, Cac chi tai lien quan din vi pham phap luat vl quyin thanh lap, gia nhap va hoat ddng cdng doan can dugc quy dinh cu the va r5 rang ban niia. Mirc che tai phai dam bao tinh ran de la ca sd de ngan ngira cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat xay ra.
Thu tdm, can ra soat, hoan thien cac quy djnh cdng doan dai dien ngudi lao ddng thuong lugng, ky ket thda udc lao ddng tap the; xay dung thang luong, bang luang, tien thudng, an toan lao ddng, ve sinh lao dgng; xay dung ngi quy, xu li vi pham ki luat lao ddng cung nhu trong viec giai quyet tranh chap lao dgng va dinh cdng... Bdi le, cac quy dinh nay nhin chung chua thuc su dam bao quyen tu do cdng doan, chua phu hgp vdi tinh than cua cac cam ket qudc te ve quyen tu do lap hgi cua ngudi lao ddng.
Thie chin, can nghien ciiu, ndi luat hda cac quy dinh ve td chirc va hoat ddng cua dai di?n lao ddng cua Cdng udc sd 87 (nam 1948) cua ILO ve quyen tu do hiep bdi va vl viec bao ve quyin dugc Hen kit, Cdng udc sd 98 (nam 1949) cua ILO vl ap dung nhung nguyen t5c
L.TH Thu/ Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHN Lugl hoc, Tap 34. S6 4 (2018) 32-40
ciia quyen to chiic va thuang lugng tap the, CPTPP theo cac nguyen tic: i) Ngudi lao ddng dugc tu do gia nhap cac td chdc cdng doan theo lira ehgn cua minh (khdng nhat thiet phai gia nhap he thdng cdng doan ciia Tong Lien doan Lao ddng Viet Nam nhu hien nay); ii) Cac to chirc cdng doan phai dugc dde lap ve mat dieu le, hoat dpng, kinh phi va Ur each; iii) Ngu'di lao dpng dugc tu chii trong viec nhan dai dien cua cdng doan trong cac don vi khdng cd cdng doan;
iv) Dam bao tinh dai dien Uong viec lua cbgn can bd cdng doan, v) Ngan chan viec can thiep ciia gidi chii vao boat dgng cua cdng doan.
Viec hoan thien phap luat ve td chiic dai dien lao dgng d n cd budc di. Id trinh thich hgp vdi dilu kien kinh te - xa bdi, dac diem he tbdng quan he lao ddng, nen tang van hda cua Viet Nam va thdi gian dugc phep chuan bi ciia Viet Nam dugc quy dinh frong CPTPP, Budc di. Id Uinh thich hgp se tao dieu kien can thiet de cd the chuyen bien tu duy, nhan thiic va sir sin sang ddn nhan mdt cude cai each can ban ve van de nay ciia cac gidi cd lien quan trong xa hdi; khdng tao "cii soc" cho xa hdi va ciing la khoang thdi
gian d n thilt dl viec chuan hi dugc thuc hien that chu dao, dam bao tinh kha thi cua phap luat sau kbi dugc thdng qua hoac ban hanh.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Nguyin Quang Quynh, Lu^t lao dong va An ninh xah6i, Sai Gon, 1972
[2] Nguyin Quang Quynh, Gido trinh Luat - Lao dpng, chuong trinh cii nhan nien khoa 1974 - 1975, Sai Gon, 1974.
[3] Van phong lao dgng quoc te, Tir do hiep hoi. Bo ting tap v l cac nguyen tac vd quyet dinh cua Uy ban ILO v l tu do hiep hoi, Nxb. Lao dgng Xa hoi, 6/2017.
[4] Nghien ciiu v l Viet Nam va co che ba ben - Ha Ngi, 1995 (Bao cdo ciia Du an khu vuc Chau A - Thdi Binh Duong v l co c h i ba ben do Na Uy tai trp).
[5] Tnrong Dai hoc Luat Ha Noi, Giao trinh Luat Lao dgng Viet Nam, Nxb. Cong an Nhan dan. Ha Noi, 2009, Tr.147-148.
[6] Bg Lao dong Thucmg binh va Xa hgi, Bao cao danh gid 3 nam thirc hien Bp luat Lao dpng, thang 9/2016.
Improving Vietnamese Law on Representative Worker Organisation as Vietnam Joins the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
Le Thi Hoai Thu
VNU School of Law, 144 Xuan Thuy. Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
Abstract: Representative worker organisation is an organisation that protects workers' legitimate nghts and interests. Workers' rights to form and to join representative worker organizations at grassroots level should be respected and protected. This was afFirmed by the parties to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership through the labour commitments stipulated in Chapter 19 of CPTPP. This article points out the current legal provisions conceming representative worker organisation m Vietnam.The article concludes with recommendations to improve Vienamese law on representative worker organisation as Viehiam joins CPTPP.
Keywords: Representative worker organisation, Trade Union, CPTPP.
