Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tru&ng Dai hgc Cdn Tha Phan A: Khoa hgc Tv nhiin. Cdng nghf va .Moi iru&ng: 31 (2014): 136-1-1
Tap chl Khoa hgc Tru'cfng Dai hpc Can Thtf website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
QUAN LY KHAI THAC, SIJ^ DUNG VA BAO VE NU"dC DU'Cfl BAT Of KHU CONG NGHIEP TRA NOC, THANH PHO CAN THO
Nguyen Thi Thiiy Trang', Huynh Vuong Thu Minh', Iran Van Ty", Lam Van Thjnh', Le Van Tien' va Le Van Phat'
' Khoa Mdi Inrdng & Tdi nguyen Thien nhiin, Trucmg Bgi hgc Cdn Tha
^ Khoa Cdng nghe, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
•* Sa Tdi nguyin vd Mdi truang, Thdnh phd Cdn Tha Thong tin chung:
Ngaynhdn. 25/11/2013 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 28/04/2014 Title:
Management of groundwater resources exploitation, usage and protection in Tra Noc Industrial Zone in Can Tho Ciiy
Tit khda:
Khai thdc mrdc dudi ddt. tdi nguyin nudc dudi ddt, qudn ly tdi nguyin mrdc dudi ddt.
Khu cdng nghiep Trd Ndc Keywords:
Groundwater exploitation, groundwater resources, groundwater resources management. Tra Noc Industrial Zone
ABSTRACT
Groundwater (GW) levels in the Can Tho City has recently been declining rapidly. It becomes even more serious with increasing of water demands.
Therefore, assessment of the current state of GW exploitation and management is needed, especially in the Tra Noc Industrial Zone. Can Tho City. The study was carried out following steps: (i) a review of literature (ii) field surveys (iii) interviews, and (iv) SWOT analysis. The results show that many enterprises have used combined sources of water. Total GW exploitation volume for domestic and production purposes is 12,290 m^/day (in 2013). The survey results reveal that seafood processing plants are dominant, accounting for 90.91 %. These enterprises needed a large amount of water for all stages To export products to European countries, the European standards is required and GW is the best option. In addition, GW management is not effective with many problems in the enforcement oj the Water Resources Law. Thus, suitable solutions to manage GW more effectively is urgently needed.
TOM TAT
Muc nudc dudi ddt (NDD) tgi thdnh phd Can Tha (TPCT) gdn ddy bf sut gidm rdt nhanh. Su sut gidm ndy Ird nen nghiim trgng han khi nhu cau nudc gia tdng. Do dd, ddnh gid hiin trgng qudn ly khai thdc vd qudn ly NDD Id rdt cdp thiit, nhdt Id tgi khu cdng nghiip (KCN) Trd Ndc TPCT.
Nghien cuu dugc thuc hien qua cdc budc sau: (i) luge khdo tdi li^u; (ii) khdo sdt thuc dia; (iii) phdng vdn; vd (iv) phdn tich SWOT. Kit qua cho thdy hdu hit cdc doanh nghiep su dung kil hgp cdc ngudn nudc. Tdng lugng NDD khai thdc cho sinh hogt vd sdn xudt la 12.290 >n3/ngdy.dem (nam 2013). Kit qud khdo sal cho thdy. chi biin thity. hdi sdn Id chit yiu, chiem 90.91% doanh nghiip phdng vdn. Ddy Id ngdnh sdn xudt cd nhu cdu vi nudc rdt ldn a tdt cd cdc cdng dogn. Vai yiu cdu sdn phdm xudt khdu sang cdc nudc Chdu Au, sdn phdm ddi hdi phdi dgt chudn Chdu Aw vd NDD Id su lua chgn Idt nhdt. Ngodi ra, cdng tdc qudn ly tdi nguyin NDD chua thuc su hiiu qud vdi nhiiu bdt cap trong qud trinh thvc thi Ludt Tdi nguyen nudc. Do vgy, de ra nhOng gidi phdp qudn ly NDD hi^u qua han Id hit sue cdp thiit.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnt&ng Dgi hgc Can Tho Phan A: Khoa hgc Tu nhiin. Cdng nghi vd Mdi inr&ng: 31 (2014): 136-147 60.000 mVngay.dem, 60.000 mVngdy.dIra, 20.000 m^/ngiy.dlm; vd xiy dyng thira cac Nhd mdy nudc Hung Phii, Hung Tfaanh, Thuan Hung vdi cdng sudt lin lugt Id 60.000 ra^/ngdy.dem, 40.000 mVngay.dera, 40.000 mVngay.dem. Tuy nfaien, khu vyc khai thdc NDD nhilu nhat chii yiu tap trung tai cic KCN ciia thinh phd, vdi long lugng nudc cdp cho cdng nghidp tinh din nam 2025 la 80.000 - 90.000 m^/ngdy.dlm. Thyc hi|n chu truong tiit kilra sii dung NDD, hiln tai Uy ban nhdn din (UBND) TPCT khdng cdp phep Idiai thac, sii dung NDD radi tai khu vyc da cd he thing cap nudc ciia nlia mdy nudc (Trung tira Quan fric TN&MTCin Tha, 2011)
1 GIOfITHI?U
Trong bdi cinh nguin nudc rait dang bj suy gidm ci vi lugng vi chdt tfai NDD frd thinh ngufin cung cdp quan frgng cho sinh hoat vi san xuat nfing nghiep vd cdng ngfailp. Hi$n nay, cfait lugng nudc d cac ting Pleistocen, Pliocen v i Miocen tai TPCT dugc danfa gii tit vd cd trii lugng ddi ddo (khodng 700.000 raVngdy.dIm d tdng Pleistocen) (Trung tim Quan trie Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng (TN&MT) Cdn Tho, 2011). Sd TN&MT Cdn Tfao dang chuan bi trien khai Dy an dilu fra, ddnh gid, xdy dyng co sd dii lieu va quy hoach tii nguyen NDD trin dja bin TPCT. Do vdy, sfi lieu hiln frang giing khoan dang kfaai tfaic sii dyng d TPCT chua dugc cap nfadt mdi ki tir nim 2004 (frln 32.000 giing). Tdng lugng nudc cip cho todn thdnfa phd frong nam 2011 la 5.343.932 m^. Dy tinh din ndm 2025, tdng lugng nudc cdp cho sinfa ho^tt la 200.000 - 250.000 mVngay.dlm. Cdc cdng frinfa ddu mdi den ndm 2025, gdm: Nha may nufire Cdn Tho I, Nha raay nudc Cdn Tho II, Nhi miy nude Tri Ndc, Nfai may nudc Thdt Ndt se dugc nang lln cdng sudt Idn lugt Id 40.000 m^/ngiy.dlm.
KCN Trd Ndc bao gdra KCN Trd Ndc I (phuong Tra Ndc, qu^n Binh Thiiy) vd KCN Tri Ndc 2 (pfauong Phudc Tlidi, quin 6 Mdn), vdi long dien tieh quy hoach Id 300 faa, ndm cdch trung tim TPCT khoang 10 km vi phia Bic (Hinh 1), frln qudc Id 91 di cdc tinh An Giang, Kiln Giang, va dgc bd sfing Hiu di Carapuchia vi ra biln Dfing (Vfi Thanh Himg, 2012).
Hinh 1: Vi tri cic doanh nghiep sir dyng NDD Ngudn: Sd hoa bdn dd, Cong ly TNHH MTV xdy dung hg ldng KCN Cdn Tha, 2013
nghiep dang hoat dgng sin xuit tai KCN Tra Ndc, nganh chi biin thiiy, hdi sin li ITnh vyc san xuat chu yiu (chiira 27,13 %), thip nhdt Id nganh sdn xudt nudc giai khdt (3,1%). Ngodi ra cdn cic ITnfa vuc sin xuit khic nhu chl biln ldm sdn, nhya Cdc doanh nghiep frong KCN Trd Ndc chu ylu
ho^t ddng d cdc ITnh vyc chi biln thiiy, hii sin;
cfal biln thiic dn chan nudi; chl bien lucmg thyc, thyc phim; cac nganfa cdng n ^ i | p co khi; cfing nghiep vit lilu xdy dyng; fada chdt; raay mac, giiy dep. Cdc ITnh vyc fao^t dgng cua cdc doanh nghiip dugc tfai failn d Hinfa 2. Trong tdng sfi 129 doanh
dudng, cip thoat nudc, than.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tv nhien, Cdng nghf vd Moi Int&ng: 31 (2014). 136-147
• Che bi&i dray, hai ! ^ S K h a c
B Kho. phoDg tmng bay a Tisdc &a chSn nufii a Ltttfog thv^ . ii^ I * ^ S Cor Idu
m \'9t Keu xay dyng Q Hoa chit S May m^c. giay dep Q B a o b i a Nudc giai fchai H i n h 2 : Linfa v y c h o a t d g n g ciia
cac d o a n h n g h i i p t r o n g K C N T r a Ndc, n a m 2013 Ngudn: Kil qud khdo sal cua ldc gid, 2013
Tuy KCN Tra N d c cd vi tri t h u i n Igi cap b d sfing H i u nhung h i l n tai vdn con radt sd doanh n g h i i p dang sii dung ngufin N D D cho sinh boat vd sdn xudt. Theo Cfing van sfi 2946/UBND-KT ngdy 23 tiling 6 n i r a 2010 ciia U B N D T P C T v i v i l e gia h^n gidy pfaep kfaai thac N D D , chu gidy phep khai thdc N D D phii c h u y i n ddi sang sii dyng nudc raiy v i cd lg frinh c h u y i n ddi, U B N D T P C T c h i p thudn cho cdc doanh n g h i i p gia han g i i y phep khai thdc, sir dyng N D D vdi thdi han 02 nam. N h u n g theo y k i i n cdc doanh nghiep, v i l e c h u y i n dfii sang sii dyng nudc m i y l i rit khd khdn do: (1) mat bang bj gidl h ^ phdi xdy d y n g hd chiia cd dien tich ldn;
(ii) phdi thay dfii cfing nghe x u ly nudc dau vao cho sdn xuit, tiiiiu kinfa phi d i u tu (UBND TPCT,
2012). D i i u n i y g i y kfad khdn cho cd c o quan chiic ndng vd cac doanh n g h i i p frong vi?c q u i n I;? khai thdc va sii dung nguon tai nguyen N D D tai K C N Tra Ndc. D o vdy, viec d i l u fra v i d i n h gid chi t i i t v i h i l n frang khai thdc v i su dyng ngudn N D D tai K C N Tra Ndc - T P C T la r i t cdn thiet, fren c o sd d o d i ra cdc gidi p h i p nhdm qudn ly hlgu qud ban ngudn tdi n g u y i n N D D tai vimg nghien eiiu.
2 P H U ' O N G P H A P N G H I E N ClTU C i c b u d c tfayc h i l n trong n g h i i n ciiu d u g c trinfa b i y frong Hinfa 3, bao gdm cdc b u d c thyc hien n h u sau: (i) Thu thdp sd lieu vd (ii) Phdn tich sfi lilu.
Muc lilu nghiin cuu I- 1. Hien treing khai thdc N D D tai K C N TN.
2. Hien trEing sii dyng N D D tai K C N TN.
I Thu th|ip so lilu i
H
I Luge [ tai lieu
khao I ieu )
C i c bao cao, bai bdo cfi lien quan Ke tfaira
s i lilu
H
Cac tai lieu, c i c bii bdo Tai li|i li lieu tir Sd/Phong T N & M T Khao satthyc dia Khao sdt bd sung h i | n trang quan 1^ khai t h i c , su dyng N D D tai KCN Tra Noc Phong van cac doanfa n g h l | p Phong van chuyen gia/nhi quan ly
Phan tich va x u ly so lieu
Diing phan m^m Microsott Excel
Tinh phdn u d m , trung binh, sir dyng cdc ham Max, Min tim gid fri ldn nhat, nhd nhat.
Phan tich SWOT Ket qua va de xuit
Phdn tich d i i m manb, diem y i u , c a hgi va thach thirc frong cong tdc quan I;^
N D D cua c a quan chiic ndng, nham d i xuat giai phap qudn 1;^ h i i u q u i
H i n h 3 : Tien trinfa t h y c fai|n n g h i i n ciru 138
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tru&ng Dgi hgc Can Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tv nhiin. Cong ngbe vd Moi tnt&ng: 31 (2014): 136-147 2.1 Tbu thap so lieu
Luge khao ldi lieu: Luge khio cdc tdi lieu tir cic bii bao frong vi ngoii nudc, cdc bdo cdo kfaoa hgc frong cdc ky yiu cd lien quan den viing nghien ciiu vd nfii dung nghien ciiu cin frien kfaai. Luge kfaio cdc van bdn phip luat (VBPL) ve quin ly tai nguyen NDD tir cdc co quan qudn ly Nha nudc.
Kl thua si lieu: Sd lilu vi trii lugng, chit lugng vd dfing thdi NDD frong cdc ting chiia nudc d TPCT dugc ki thiia tir cic bdi bdo khoa hoc vd eac bdo cdo ciia Sd TN&MT TPCT. Cic sd lieu vl myc nudc vd chdt lugng nudc tai hai tram quan
frdc qudc gia d KCN TN tir cae bdi bdo khoa fagc vi cdc bdo cdo khoa fagc liln quan da dugc cdng bfi tai frang web ciia Liln dodn Quy hoach va diiu fra Tdi nguyin nudc miin Nam..
Khao sat thyc dia: rauc dich diiu fra, khao sdt bd sung hiln trang quin ly khai thac sii dung NDD t£u viing nghiin ciiu. Kiem fra sy phii hgp cua cic sfi lieu thu thip so vdi thyc ti.
Pfaong vdn: Phdng vin cic doanh ngfailp vd nhd qudn ly dugc tiln hinh theo cic budc dugc thi hiln d Hinh 4.
Xac dinh cac thong tin can
thiet de phong vin fPVl Chon dia diem phong van
'
Lap phieu DT Nhd quan ly
_E:
]Doanh nghiiplChinh sua phieu DT Tien hanh PV PV tmc tiep cac nha quan ly tai
cac Sa/Phong TNMT
1
PV tryc tiep doanh nghiep
1
[ Thong ke va xu ly dii lieu PV [
X
Hinh 4: Stf do tiin trinh phong van Phong van doanh nghi|p: phdng vin tryc
tilp cic doanh nghiep failn dang su dung NDD cho sdn xuit vi sinfa hoat. Nghien ciiu tiln hdnh phdng vin 11 doanh ngliigp hoat dgng d linh vyc che biln tiiiiy, hdi sdn; may m|c v i chi biin Ifing vij. Tfadng qua phieu dieu fra dl thu thdp cdc tfadng tin ciia doanh nghiep vl: (i) luu lugng kfaai tfaac, tfadng tin cOa giing khoan (do sdu gieng khoan, cdng sudt may bom, luu lugng khai thdc, muc dich sir dyng, ting chiia nudc); (ii) nfaiing tfaudn Igi va khd khdn frong qud frinh ip dung Ludt TNN d cdc doanh ngfailp v i (iii) bi|n pfaip bio ve ngudn tdi nguyen NDD.
- Phdng van nha qudn ly: phdng vin tryc tiip vd gidn tiip (qua tiiu dien tu) cdc tiidng tin vi: (i) hi|n frang qudn Iy kfaai tiidc vi sii dung NDD ciia cdc doanh ngfailp; (ii) nfaOng thudn lgi vi khd khdn
frong cfing tic quin ly khai thic vi su: dyng NDD; (iii) nhOng nhin djnh, y kiln cua cdc cfauyin gia vl sy suy giam cua tdi nguyen NDD t^ KCN Trd Ndc vd; (iv) cic danh gii ve sy quan tdm, failu biet ciia cac doanh nghiep vl Luat TNN vd hi|u qui frong cdng tic quan ly ciia ca quan chiic nang dia phuong. Nghiin ciiu tiln hinh phdng vdn 03 Chuyin vlln vd 01 Phd Truong pfadng, Pfadng Tdi nguyin Khoing san, Nudc vd KTTV, TPCT; 01 chuyin viin cfing tdc tai Cfing ty TNHH MTV xiy dyng ha ting KCN Tra Noc, TPCT.
2.2 Xir ly va phdn ticfa sd lieu a Phdn tich dinh tinh
Phin lon cdn cii fren y nghta dugc dien dat qua nhiing tir ngti; chii yeu tir nfaimg y kien, nfadn dinh ciia cdc nhd quan ly. Tuy phdn tich d(nh tinfa dfii
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tu nhien. Cong nghf vd Moi tnrdng. 31 (201-f): 136-147 khi mang tinfa chu quan, do dd frong nghiin ciiu
dong thdi dua ra nfaung minh chiing kfaoa hgc nhdm ddm bao tinh khdefa quan.
Dinh hiln frang kfaai thdc va sii dung NDD thdng qua cac sd lieu thu tfaap, dilu fra vd qua trinh tiiyc tiii cdc VBPL vi NDD tai KCN Tri Ndc thdng qua pfadng vin doanfa nghiep vd co quan chiic nang qudn ly tai nguyen NDD tgi KCN Trd Noc.
h. Phdn tich dinh lugng
So lilu phan ticfa dugc thyc hien tfafing qua sir dung cdc biiu dfi vd cac tiifing ke. Phuong phip ndy cd nhugc diim la khd dfing nhit sd lieu, phdi sur dung nhiing cfing thuc tinh loan phiic tap dl xu ly sfi lilu, diing nhiing hinh thiic thi hiln (biiu, bdng) phai pfaii hgp vdi timg loai sd lieu (Dai hgc quic gia thdnh phi Hfi Chi Minh, 2010). Trong nghiin ciiu nay sir dung Microsoft Excel de thfing kl va xir ly sfi lieu thu thap (tinh trung binh bang ham average, tinh phin fram, cdc ham Min, Max).
Tir dd, ve biiu dfi tfaiefa fagp (bieu dfi frdn, edt, duong) nham ddnh gia frii lugng vi hiln frang khai thdc NDD tai vung nghiin ciiu.
c Phdn tich SWOT
Trong nghien ciiu nay, phdn tich SWOT dugc sir dyng dl phan tich diem manh (Sfrenghs), diim yeu (Weakness), ca hgi (Opportunities) va thach diirc (Threat) frong cfing tdc qudn ly ciia co quan cfaiic nang thong qua qua frinh thyc thi cdc VBPL, li CO sd quan frgng dl dl ra cac giii phap (dl xuat) ndng cao hiiu qua qudn ly NDD tai KCN Tra Noc.
3 KET QUA VA THAO LU^N 3.1 Thong tin chung
3.1.1 Thdng tin chung ve tdi nguyen NDD Pleistocen giua — fren va Pleistocen dudi la hai ting cfi khi nang cung cap nuac cho sinh hoat cho TPCT (Trung tdm Quan fric TN&MT Cin Tho, 2011). Cac tang chiia nudc Id hdng cdc tram tich Pliocen phdn bfi frln khap diln tich vimg d dg sdu tir 260 m frd xufing. Tuy ting nudc niy cd trii lugng vi chat lugng tdt nhung frong viing nghien ciiu den nay v ^ chua cd cfing frinh nao danh gia tilm nang cua no. Dong tiidi, hien sfi Id khoan sdu tai TPCT cdn han che nen chua thi hiln dugc chilu sdu ddy vd chilu day cic tdng chiia
nudc theo khdng gian mgt cich chinh xdc. Tru lugng tiim ndng loan vung d ting Pleistocen la 1.438.456 m^/ngay.dem. Trong do, frii lugng dgng 5.502 m^/ ngiy.dlm, trii lugng ddn hdi 8.528 m / ngay.dem va trii lugng iTnh la 1.424.427 m / ngay .dim (Sd TN&MT Cdn Tfao). Trong kfai nfau ciu vi nudc cda TPCT dy doan din nam 2020 la 180.000 mV ngay .dim, tfai diiu kien khai tiidc nudc ciia ting Pleistocen giiia- frln Id khd thudn Igi (chilu sau myc nudc iTnh nfad (0,80 - 1,50 m) vi cfaiiu siu ting chiia nudc nfing (60 - 179 m)).
Riing ting Pleistocen dudi thi viec tinh toin trii lugng chua dugc chinh xdc nhung theo nhin dinh ciia cdc chuyin gia thi ddy li ting chira nudc cd friln vgng vi khd ning cung cip nudc tdt (cd vl chit vi lugng) cho TPCT (Trung tim Quan frdc TN&MT c i n Tha, 2011).
3.1.2 Thdng tin chung vi kit qud phdng vdn Trong so 129 doanh nghiep dang hoat ddng tai KCN Tra Ndc, hiln cd 115 doanh nghiep su dyng ngufin nude cip tir Cdng ty cfi phin cdp tiiodt nudc Tra Ndc (chu yiu cho sinh boat), 14 doanh ngliiep sii dung NDD, nudc mat hoac cimg liic kit hgp nhieu ngudn nudc de phyc vu cho cd sinfa hoat va sin xuit (Bdng I). Dya vao cac sfi lieu neu frln va cdng tdc cap phep khai thac, sic dung NDD cua cdc nha quan ly thi viec phdng vin cac doanh nghiep cd kit qua nliu sau: vdi tdng si 11 doanh nghiep (Phu luc) thi cd 10 doanh nghiep hoat ddng trong linh vyc Chi biin thuy, hdi sdn, cdn Iai 1 doanh nghiip hoat dgng 6 ITnh vyc May mgc vd chi biin long vu la Cdng ty TMHH KWONGLUNG MEKO. Linfa vyc hoat ddng cua cdc doanh nghiep phfing van duge the hien trong Hinh 5.
Bang 1: Ngudn nude dugc cac doanh nghiep sir dung dl san xuat
STT I 2 3 4 5 6 7
NguoD ntro^c sir dung Nuac may Nticfc duoi dat Nuoc mat Nuac may, nuac mat Nudc may, nuac duai dat Nuac mat, nuorc duai dSt Nuoc may, nuac mat, nudc duoi dit
So doanh nghi£p 115 2 1 1 8 1 1
Tfp chi Khoa hgc TrmngDtfi hgc Cdn Tho PhdnA: Khoa hoc Tu nhien. Cdng nghi vd Mdi tnt&ng: 31 (2014): 136-147 9,09?i
Hinh 5: Luih v^c ho^t dgng ciia cdc doanh ngfaiep dtrgc phdng vin, nim 2013
D Che bien thiiy, hai san
• Ma> mac, che biln long \ii Ld nginh kinh tl quan trgng ciia TPCT, vd li
Igi the phdt triln ciia KCN Trd Noc, chi bien thuy hai san la ITnh vyc chiem 90,91% frong cdc doanh ngfaiep dugc phfing vin. Trong dd, Cdng ty Cd pfaan Seavina li doanfa nghiep nudc ngoii cd sfi
1600 -
lugng cdng nfain cao nhit, 1.500 cfing nhin (Hinh 6), ke den Id Cdng ty TNHH Thiiy sdn Truong Nguyen vd Cdng ty Cd pfadn Thiiy sdn Binh An vdi sd cfing nhin lin lugt la 1.300 vi 1.200 nguoi.
a Cong ^ TNHH Thuy s i n S e n Q C o i ^ ty Co p b i a T t u v s i n
MEKONG
O C o i ^ tv TNHH Cong n ^ i e p Ihtrc phSm PAT.-Vi'A
S C d n g tyCa phin xuat rdiap khau t i u y san Can T h e Q Coag t\- TMHH Thyc pham xuSi
k f a ^ X a n Hat
(3Cong t>'TNHH T h w s a n P h u o i ^ Q Cong tv TNHH Thu>' s a i PANGA
MEKONG
Ql Cong tv- Co phan Tlmiv san Binh B Cong ty TNHH Ttn^' san T n r o i ^
ytguffen
HI C6t% ty C6 phin S ea^-ina
Hinh 6: So lugng cdng nhan ciia cac doanh nghiep dugc phdng vin, nam 2013 Vdi si lugng cfing nfain nlu trin cimg ddc tfaii
cua ngdnfa tfai nfau cdu sii dyng nud^ doanfa ngfaiep Id rit ldn. Nudc dugc sii dyng d tdt cd cdc cdng doan frong quy frinfa sdn xuat v i d§c bill la cfing doan so chi, cfai biln vd fillet ca; vol ylu cau pfadi dat tiiu chudn xudt kfaiu Cfaau Au. Do vdy, NDD Id lya cfagn hang ddu ciia cdc doanh nghiip vi cd cfadt lugng tdt va gid tfadnfa re (tfaeo kit qud phdng vin doanh nghiip). Ngodi ra cdn cd 1 doanfa ngfaigp (Cdng ty Pepsico Vi|t Nam) cfaua dugc phdng vdn do gdp nfaieu vin dl bdo ragt tfadng tui doanh ngfailp- Ngoai NDD, cac doanfa ngfaiep cdn sir
dyng cdc ngufin nudc khdc nhu: nudc mdy cho muc dicfa sinfa faoat va nudc rait cfao muc dicfa ve sulfa may mdc, tfaiit bj vi kfau vyc sdn xuit Tfainfa phan cdc ngudn nudc doanh n ^ i | p khai thdc su dung NDD dugc thi failn d Hinh 7.
Biiu dd cfao thiy eac doanh ngfailp su dyng kit hgp nfaiiu ngufin nud^ di sin xuit vd sinh faoat. Cd 18,18% cfal sii dyng NDD, da pfadn nudc mdy vd NT© cfaiira 63,64% frong tfing si doanh ngliilp dugc phdng van.
Tgp chi Khoa bgc Tru&ng Dgi bgc Cdn Tho PhdnA: Khoa hgc Tunhiin, Cdng nghf vd Mdi tru&ng. 31 (2014)-136-1"*'
H i n h 7: Cdc n g u o n n u d c d u g c doanh nghifp kfaai tfaac va su-
dung, nam 2013
• Xiroc duoi dit, inioc mat vi nuoc may
• Xttdc dirdi dit va nvdc may BS Xirdc dirdi dit va nuoc mil QXUOC duoi dit
3.2 Hiln trang kfaai thac nudc duoi dit Theo bao cio "Cdng tdc quin 1;^ nhd nudc yl tdi nguyen nudc (TNN) frln dja bdn thdnh phfi Cdn Tha" caa Sd TN&MT TPCT ndra 2012, sfi lilu thing kl ndm 2010 till KCN Tri Ndc cd tdng lugng NDD dugc khai tiiic Id 22.858 m^/
ngiy.dlm. Trong 11 doanli nghi|p duac phdng vin, vdi ting so lugng gieng khoan li 23 gieng (trung binh moi doanfa nghiip cd 2 giing)
Hinh 8: Lini lugng kfaai tfaac s, NDfi ciia cdc doanb ngfaiep
ndm 2013
diing cfao myc dicfa sin xuit va cd sinli faoat thi ldng lugng nudc khai tfaac Id 12.290 mV ngdy.dem, frung binfa moi doanh ngfailp khai thdc
1.117,27 mV ngdy.dim; trong dfi Cdng ty TNHH KWONGLUNG MEKO la doanh nghiep cd luu lugng kliai thdc Idn nliit, 3.120 ra^/ ngiy.dlm, fliip nhdt Id Cdng ty Cfi Phin Tfaiiy sin MEKONG 250 m^/ ngay.dem. Luu lugng khai thdc NDD cua cdc doanh nghi|p dugc till hien d Hinh 8.
H Cong t>* TNHH Thiy san B i i i
• Cfing ty C6 p h ^ T b i v san 3 Cong tv Tr«HH Cfing n ^ ^
flnic phim P.ATAYA 3 CAig ty Cd phia xuit n l ^ p
kMu thi4' san Ckn Hio' S Cotig t v T N H H TttjK p l ^
xiBt k b ^ Nam H a 3 Cong t>- TlsTlH T h i y san
PtUDngBong 3 Cong TV TNHH T h i y san
PANG A M E K O N G 3 C a i g t y T N H H
KWONGLUNG M E K O Q C o i g t y C ^ p b a n T b u y s i n
Biiii An a C m g ty TNHH Thjy san
Tni&ng Ngu>'£n 9 C m g ty Cd ^Aa Seaiins
•l
i
0
3.1
2.200 g
1-4001 4 0 1 ^ ^
960
2 5 0 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H 20
Tuy cdng liic sir dung kit hgp nhiiu ngufin nudc (nudc miy vd NDD) nhung Cdng ty TNHH KWONGLUNG MEKO vd Cfing ty TNHH Thuy sin PANGA MEKONG li hai doanfa ngfailp cd luu lugng khai tiiac ldn nhit (3.120 va 2.200 raV ngay.dera); vdi cdng suit miy bora lin lugt la 15 Hp vi 40 Hp. Diiu dd cho thiy, vi?c thay dfii sang su dyng nudc miy la rit khd khin trong khi nhu ciu nudc cho san xuit hi|n tai li rat Idn.
Trong tfadi gian ldm viec tai doanh nghiip, cdng nhin cung sii dung da pfadn tir ngudn NDB (Hinh 9), cy thi 54,55% doanh ngfailp sii dung NDD cho sinh hoat cua cdng nhdn khi lam vi|c 36,36% doanh nghiip kit hgp ca nudc mdy vd NDD. Nhin chung NDD vdn la sy lya chgn hang dau ciia cdc doanh nghiep khfing chi cho san xu^
mi cho c i sinfa faoat.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnt&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Pbdn A: Khoa hgc Tu nhien. Cong nghf vd Mdi Iru&ng: 31 COUi 136-147
H i n h 9: Nguon n u ^ c cong nfadn sir d y n g trong tbdi gian lam viee tai doanh
ngfailp nam 2013
•Nuoc dudi dit
• XirocmM' S Nudc dadi difviNitoc mav
3 J Cbat lirgng nirdc dudi ddt
Theo ket qua phdng vin, hdu fait (100%) cac doanh nghiip diu cd kilm fra chit lugng ngudn NDD theo djnh ky mfii nam tfaeo ede lilu chuin frong Quy chuan nuo'c ngdm vi Tllu cbudn nganh_(chu yiu la chi biin tiiuy sin xuit khiu Chdu Au). Ket qui cho thdy 10 doanh nghiep cho biet chit lugng ngudn nude dat chudn, cdn lai 1 doanfa n ^ i l p cho bilt chit lugng ngudn nuoc kfadng dat nin da cfapn ngufin nudc mdy ihay tfal cho NDD frong quy frinh sdn xuit. NDD cfai sii dyng dy phdng kfai raat nudc (Cfing ty TNHH Thyc phira xuit khdu Nara Hdi), tuy nfailn, tfaeo y kien ciia cfauyin vien dang cfing tdc tai Cfing ty TNHH MTV xdy dyng ha ting KCN fra Ndc tiii
"cic doanh nghiip boat ddng d ITnfa vyc chl biin tfaiiy, fail sin deu phii sii dyng NDD de sdn xuit, CO tfal hp di khai thdc trdi phep hoic khai bdo khdng diing". Trong tfadi gian doanh nghiip kfaai thic vi sir dung, 27,27% doanfa nghiip nhin thdy cd sy suy gidm cua ngudn NDD (cd vl chdt vi lugng). Tuy nfailn, sy suy giam nay khdng gdy dnfa fauong dang ke. Pfad gidm ddc Cdng ty TNHH Bang 2: Ham lugng (Max, Min, TB) Chlorine va
QT08, QT16, giai doan 2000 - 2010
KWONG LUNG MEKO nhdn tiidy sy suy gidm nhung Ong cho rang "sy suy giam ndy khdng gay infa faudng den vile kfaai tfaac sir dyng NDD cua doanfa ngfailp, do giing khoan kfaoan d dp sau 310 ra, d tang Pliocen, tdng rdt it doanfa nghiip frong kfau vyc kfaai thdc". Trong qud trinh kfaai tfaac, 90,91% doanfa ngfailp kfaai tiiac NDD cd xii ly trudc khi sir dung. Rieng Cdng ty TNHH KWONG LUNG MEKO till kfafing qua xu ly, do NDD chi dugc sii dyng dl giat, nia Ifing vii nin nudc chi cin kfadng cd dp phen (Fe) cao Id dat ylu ciu (dp phen cao se lim ving ldng vu sau kfai giat nia). Tfaeo nhan dinfa ciia PGS.TS. Nguyin Hiiu Tnmg vi ci\- trong Tip bin dd: He tfadng mdi trudng nudc TPCT, vi chit lugng NDD quan fr^c tai TPCT nam 2012, frong dd cdc ehi lilu dugc the hien Id dp Cling, dp radn, COD vi Mn. Nhin chung. tai KCN Tra Ndc cic chi tiiu frln deu dat tiiu chuin, rieng chi tiiu COD vugt gap 2 lin tieu cfauan cfao phep, 8 mg/L. Tfaeo kit qua quan trdc ddng thdi NDD ciia Lien hiep Khoa hpc - Sdn xuit - Mdi trudng miln Nam giai doan 2000 - 2010, mdt sd cfai tiiu chit lugng NDD (Chlorine, Sit, Nitorat) dugc the hien d Bing 2.
Sit o' tdng Pleistocen tren (b) va dudi (a) tai tram
So hi^u tr^m QTOSa QT16a QT08b 0T16b
Ham TB 119,3 124,9 863,1 250,1
iiTQug c r (m Max
670 390,5 2.485 650,7
si->
Mia 3,5 25 52,7 63
Ham TB 1,06 1,27 1,46 1,22
\utfni iSaUmefl) M a i 2,50 3,01 6,00 3,70
MiD 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,10 Nhin chung, ham lugng Chlorine dat gid fri
trung buifa cao nfaat (863,1 rag/L, vugt quy cfauin cfao phep 250 rag/L (Quy chuin nufitc ngim, 2009) hon gip 3 ldn) d ting Pleistocen frln tai KCN Trd Ndc I, gid frj trung fainh thap nhdt (119,3 mg/L) Cling tgi khu vuc niy v i d tang Pleistocen duoi (Hinfa 10). Ham lugng Chlorine cd xu tfai khfing dn djnh frong ^ai doan ndm 2000 - 2006, nfaung tir nim 2007 den nim 2010 thi co xu hudng tdng len.
vd tdng nhiiu nfait la d tdng Pleistocen frln (QT08b) t9i KCN Trd Ndc 1, nam 2010 bdm lugng
dat miic gan 2.500 mg/L, gdn gdp 10 ldn quy cbudn cfao pfaep. Hara lugng sdt trung binfa nhin chung cdn ndm frong ^di h ^ cho phep, nhung cd thdi gian dat gid fri cao nfait t ^ tram QT08b (6 mg/L, vugt quy cfauin cho phip I mg/L). Bin canfa do, fadm lugng Asen (thacfa tin) ciing ting din qua cdc nim, ndm 2008 tii 0,003 lln 0,0043 (rag/L) nam 2009.
Trong trudng hgp ngufin NDD kfadng cdn dii faodc cac doanh nghi|p khdng dugc cip pfaep faay
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tu nhien. Cdng nghf vd Mdi tru&ng: 31 (201-1) 1^°'' gia faan kfaai thdc, su dyng NDD thi cd 63,64%
doanfa ngfaiep se chuyin sang nudc may de sii dyng, cdn lai 36,36% doanh nghiip chgn ngudn nudc mdt de sdn xuit. Nguyin nhdn la do ngufin nudc rady tgi khu vyc (Cdng ty Cfi phin c i p Thodt nudc Cdn Tho) khdng dira bio se cap du nudc cho doanh nghiep vi vile mit nudc se khfing dugc thdng bio trudc. Bin cgnh dd, nudc may cfi chit lugng khdng fin djnh (dac bilt li ham lugng
3000
Chlorine khd kiim soil va vdn cdn nhiem vi sinii), khdng thiefa hgp cho chi biin tiiuy san xuat kfaau Chdu Au vd die bi|t Id gii thinh kha cao faon so vdi NDD. Hiln tai, co 3 giing khoan khfing con sii dung di dugc frim lip "diing ky tiiuat" (2 gieng tai Cfing ty TNHH Thyc phira xuit khdu Nam Hdi va 1 giing tgi Cfing ty Cd Pfadn Tfaiiy sin Binh An).
Vdi nguyen nhdn Id kfafing cd nhu ciu sii dyng v i giing hi hdng.
2500
"a 2000
g
g. 1500 -i 1000
"
U'-^
1 Fl
1 I [i-^^»
1 .1 n Fl Fl Fl ll -1 1 1 I.L n l i l::L I.L l l :l ii
OQTOSb
• QTlffb
— Q C \ ^ 09:200S
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200S 2009 2010 Nam
Hinh 10: Dien bien ham l u g n g Chlorine tai tram Q T 0 8 b v i QT16b Ghi chu: b: tang Pleistocen tren
Nguon: Trung ldm Quan trdc TN&MT Cdn Tha, 2011 3.4 Bpng thdi nude diroi dat
Hiu hit cic doanfa nghiip dugc phdng van deu chii ylu khai thdc nudc d tang Pleistocen giiia - tren, chiira 90,91% doanh nghi|p. Tir nam 2000 din nay, Sd TN&MT TPCT di lip dat tgi diy 2 frgm QT08 (tgi KCN Tra Ndc 1) vd QT16 (KCN Trd Ndc 2) quan frdc dgng tfaii NDD (Hinfa 1). Dya vao kit qui quan fric ciia Lien dodn Quy hogcfa vd Dilu fra TNN miln Nam thi diln biin myc nudc frong hai Idp chiia nudc cua ting Pleistocen tai hai fram quan frdc syt gidm Idn nhdt d ting Pleistocen fren tgi KCN Tra Ndc 1, tnmg binh 0,41 m/nam vd 0,034 m/thdng; thip nfait li d tdng Pleistocen frln tgi KCN Tri Ndc 2, trung binfa 0,32 m/nam va 0,027 m/thdng. Hiln KCN Trd Ndc cd nhiiu giing khoan khai thic nudc vdi cfing suit ldn tir 50 - 80 m^/gifi', do vdy di anh hudng din ddng thai ty nhien cua NDD. Tuy nfailn, myc nudc tmh tinh tir raiing li khoan vin cdn nam ndng, myc nudc frung binh ldn nhit radi cfai dat lot 8,01 ra (QT08a). Trong thai gian tdi rayc nudc ITnh tai ddy
con cd khi ning hg thip xufing do ban kinh anh hudng cua cic giing khoan kfaai thdc gdy ra (Trung Tdra Quan trie TN&MT, 2011). Dfing thdi myc nudc d cdc tdng cfaiia nudc tai tram QT08 vd QTI6 giai dogn 2000 - 2010 dugc thi faien d cdc Hinfa 11 v i l 2 .
Nhin cfaung, myc nudc d tdng Pleistocen deu giira dan qua cdc nim. Myc nudc frung binfa ndm tfaip nhit d lop frln cua tdng Pleistocen, thdp nhdt vdo ndm 2010 (8,21 m). KCN Trd Ndc 1 Id khu vyc cd myc nude NDD siu thii hai, sau huyen Phong Diin - TPCT (9,15 m), ki din la tgi KCN Trd Noc 2, 7,98 m. Hien cd 8 trin 11 doanh ngliilp dugc phfing vdn ndm 6 KCN Tra Ndc 1, voi tdng luu lugng khai thdc NDD d ting Pleistocen Id 6.810 mV ngdy.dim, tai KCN Tri Noc 2 Id 3.280 mV ngay.dera . Do vay, myc nudc NDD d hai ldp ciia tdng Pleistocen tai fram QT08 diu tiiip hem va cd xu faudng syt gidm nhiiu hon qua cdc nam so vdi trgm QT16.
Tfp chi Khoa hgc Tnt&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tu nhiin. Cong nghf vd .Moi Int&ng: 31 (2014): 136-147
Hinb 11: M g c nudc trung binh d i d p % Pleistocen dudi tai tram Q T 0 8 va Q T 1 6 \ "*' Xgiion sdlifu: Trung Tdm Quan irdc J" ' TN&5Tr. 2011
—QTDSm
—QT16*
Hinh 12: Myc nuuc trung fainh it Idp Pleistocen tren tai tram QT08 va QT16 Ngudn so lieu Trung Tdm Qucm trdc TN&MT, 2011
:^:oo a»i xc2 3»3 yx» SM; nxe MO" 200s nm 2eio I
—QTOfc -QTISb
3.5 Cong tac quan ly ngudn tdi nguyen NDD Ve vi?c dp dung Luat TNN frong doanh nghiep, cd 90,91% doanfa n ^ i | p cd tira faieu ve Ludt TNN, chii ylu quan tim cac dilu liln quan den tdi nguyin NDD nfau Id: vile kfaai tfadc, sur dyng diing quy dinh; each pfadng cfadng kfaac pfayc fadu qud kfai glp sy cfi frong kfaai tfadc su dung NDD; cdng tdc tfau TTiul tdi nguyin NDD; cdc quy trinfa, thii tuc de ngfaj edp phep tfaam dd, kfaai thac, sir dung NDD vi thii tyc dl n ^ i gia hgn gidy phep. Cic doanfa ngfailp trin diu cd thuc thi Ludt TNN; my nfailn van chua failu qui, Ludt cfai dugc phd biln cho rapt bg ph§n chuyin mfin hodc bd phdn van hinh, ky thudt Trong qud trinfa thyc thi, doanfa ngfaiep gap mgt sd khd kfadn frong viec cfauyin ddi ngudn nudc di sdn xudt, Luat TNN 2012 quy dinh doanfa nghiip phii cfauyin tir NDD sang nudc miy d nfaihig noi da CO dudng ing nudc raiy dl qua, tuy nfailn cic doanfa ngfaiep kfafing cd mat bdng xdy bi chiia va phii cfauyen ddi cfing ngfa| xii ly nudc giy
ldng pfai cde co sd vdt chit da xiy dyng cho vile xii ly NDD tnrde ddy, gid nuac mdy cao hon so vdi NDD lam cho gid tfaanh sin xuit ra sdn phdm vi gii thanh sdn pfaam bdn m tfai trudng se tang cao lam gidm ngufin tfau cfao doanh nghiep.
Theo kit qui kfaio sat. vl cfing tic xin cip pfaep khai thdc NDD, truoc kfai tiln hdnfa kfaoan giing, 100% cac doanfa nghiep deu cd dl nghi cdp gidy phep ciia UBND TPCT. Tuy nfailn, frong dd cbl cd 27,27% doanh ngfailp Id do tfi cfaiic/ci nhin cd tfaira quyln tai dia pfaucmg kfaoan ^Ing, con Igi 72.73% doanh ngfaiep Id do td chiic/ca nfadn fadnfa ngfal kfaoan giing tu nfadn (Hinfa 13). Mac dii hg ed giiy phep hdnfa nghe khoan NDD nhung cac yeu can ky thudt kfaai tfadc vd nfaiing quy dinfa vl chdt lugng NDD fap se khdng ndra rd nhu cdc ca quan cd tham quyln tgi dia pfaucmg. Day ciing la nguyen nhdn ddn din giing bj hdng vd gdy thdng ting cfaiia NDD do kit cdu giing v i cdng trinfa xdy dyng kfafing dugc tfit.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phan A: Khoa hgc Tv nhiin, Cdng nghe vd Moi tru&ng: 31 (2014): 136-147
Hinfa 13: To chirc xay d y n g gieng khoan cho cac doanh nghiip trong
KCN Tra Ndc
Trudc nara 2003, Sd Nfing nghiip va Phat friin Nfing thdn (PTNT) id co quan chiu trach nhiem quin ly nlid nudc frong ITnh vyc TNN ndi chung va NDD ndi riing theo Ludt TNN 1998. Do vay, nhung giiy phep khai thic sii dyng tai nguyin NDD giai doan nay diu do Sd Nfing nghi|p va PTNT Cdn Tlio cip. Theo kit qua phfing vin thi Cfing ty Cd phdn ThCiy sdn MEKONG dugc Sd Ndng nghiip vd PTNT cip phip khai thic sii dyng NDD vdo ndm 1999. Cho din nay, sau khi Bp TNMT phy frich qudn ly nfai nudc vi tai nguyin nudc (ndm 2003) till Sd TN&MT fryc tiiupc UBND TPCT cfi frdch nhiem quin 1^ cac giiy phep dd cdp trudc day. Cfing ty TNHH KWONG LUNG MEKO la doanfa nghiep cd luu lugng khai tiiac NDD lon nhit tai KCN Tra Noc (3.120 m^/ngay.dlm). Vdi luu lugng nay, Cue Quan ly Tai nguyin nudc la co quan tham muu cho Bd TN&MT cdp phep va gia hgn theo phin cdp thara quyin cip phep dugc quy dinli tai diem b khodn 1 Diiu 13 cua Ngfal dinfa sd 149/2004/ND- CP ngay 27 thing 7 nam 2004 cua Chinh phii.
Nghi dinfa nay quy dinh viec cip phep thdm dd, khai tilde, sir dyng TNN, xa nudc thai vdo ngudn nudc, Bfi TN&MT cdp, gia han giiy phep khai thic, sii dyng NDD ttong truong hgp tiidm do, kfaai thdc NDD dfii vdi cdng frinh cd luu lugng tir 3.000 m3/ngiy.dlra frd len). Dya frln cfing ldc cap phep TNN, hien tgi KCN Trd Nfic cdn 12 doanh nghiip khai tilde NDD, 2 doanh nghiep khai thic nudc mdt Bang 3: Phdn ticfa SWOT
• Cff quan co thim qi]y6n tai dia phtfoag
• Hanh i ^ S khoan gifing nr iStsSi (Cdng ^ Cfi phin Cip nudc Trd Ndc, Cdng ty TNHH Chi biin Phy phim Thiiy san Honoroad Viet Nam), cdc doanh nghiip cfin lai sii dung nudc miy. Tuy nfailn, hiu hit cac doanh nghi?p ven sfing Hdu hien dang khai thdc nudc mat de sii dyng cho vile vl sinh nlid mdy nhung khdng khai bio den UBNDTP ciing nfau vile thiiu sdt frong cfii^
tac qudn ly cua cdc co quan chtic ndng dia phuang.
Trudc sy raiu thudn ve phgra vi frdch nhilm va quyin hgn giiia Bd Ndng nghiip & PTNT va Bd TNMT, din din tinh ttang dim ddy ttach nhilm cua cdc CO quan nha nudc cdp Trung uang va cip dia phuang. Bin canh do, Ngiy 01 thdng 01 nam 2013 Ludt TNN 2012 bit diu cd faieu lyc, nhdm thay thi, giii quyit nhiing bat cdp cho Ludt TNN 1998, nhimg hien tgi Chinh phii van chua ban hinh cdc van ban huong ddn thyc hien; gay khd khdn frong viec thi hinh ludt cua cac co quan chiic nang; cdc td chiic, cd nhdn cd faoat ddng khai tiiac, sil dyng TNN nfii chung vd NDD ndi rieng.
3.6 Phan ticfa SWOT
Kit qua phan tich SWOT ve diem manh (Sfrenghs), diem ylu (Weakness), ca hpi (Opportunities) v i thdch thiic (Threat) ttong cfing tdc quan ly ciia co quan chiic ndng thfing qua qua trinh thyc thi cac VBPL dugc till hiln ttong Bang 3. Trin co so do de xuat cac gidi phap nhdm ndng cao hllu qud quan ly NDD tai KCN Tri Ndc.
Diim m^nh (S) 1. Cfing lac tiianh fra, kiem tta dugc tai^ cudng;
2. Su dyng cac cong cy, cfing nghe tiifing tin frong quin ly NDD;
3. Cac doanh nghiep frong KCN Tra Noc co dieu ki|n tiep cgn kjp thai cic VBPL.
Ccr hpi (O)
1. Luat TNN 2012 ban hinfa, giai quyit nhihig bit cgp ciia Luat TNN 1998;
2. Cac dy an quy hoacfa, dilu tra TNN dugc xay dyng;
3. Trinfa dp khoa hoc ky thuit ngily cang tiin bp.
Biim yen (W) 1. Thieu ngufin nhdn lyc cd frinh dfi chuyin mfin;
2. Thiiu cac VBPL hudng din flii hanh Ludt TNN 2012;
3. Sii dung NDD chi phi tfaap.
Thach thuc (T)
1. Cac doanfa nghiip chua ty giac ttong viec ap dung ludf 2. Ngufin NDD t?d KCN dang suy giam (ca vi chit vi
luong);
3. Van con cic doanh ngfaiep khai thic trai phep (khong xin cip pfaep);
4. Ludt TNN 2012 budc ddu xuit hiln nhung bit cap mdi
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnt&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A Khoa hgc Tv nhiin. Cdng nghi vd Moi Iru&ng: 31 (2014): 136-147 4 KET LUAN VA DEXUAT
4.1 KitlnlD
Do die thii ciia nginh sin xuat chi bien tfaiiy, faai sin vdi ylu ciu xuit khdu Chau Au nin hiu hit cdc doanh nghilp_ hoat dfing frong ITnh vyc nay diu sii dung NDD de sdn xuit. Qua cic kit qud pfain ticfa vi hien frang khai tiiic va sii dyng NDD tai KCN Tri Ndc TPCT nlu ttin cho thiy vdi nfau ciu sii dyng nudc faien tai cua cic doanfa nghiip ttong bdi cinh ngufin nudc mit dang bi suy thoai thi ngufin tai nguyen NDD tgi khu vuc dang cd nguy CO suy gidm, biiu hien ro nliit vl lugng NDD trong KCN; vi Idu dii myc nudc sl cd the hg thdp hon do dnh hudng cua bin kinh kfaai thic tai cic giing khoan vdi luu lugng ldn; do vdy, can cd cdc nghiin eiju tilp theo dl tim failu rd ban nguyen nhdn va dl ra nfairng gidi pfadp nfaim han cfal su sut giim ngudn NDD tgi KCN Trd Ndc. Bin canh dd, cdng tdc quan ly NDD ciia cdc co quan chirc ndng vin chira that sy failu qua, chua cd nhiing biln phdp thilt tfayc nliam faS ttg vile chuyin ddi sang sir dung nude mdy faodc han cfal viec khai tfadc voi luu lugng ldn ciia cac doanh nghiip.
4.2 Bl xuat
Cdn CO cdc nghiin ctru vl nhiing bat cap frong vice thi hanli Luat TNN 2012 di dua ra nliiing chi'nh sach quin ly NDD hi|u qui, phii hgp vd kip thoi vdi dilu kiln sdn xudt tai cac KCX va KCN Cdn Tho; thyc hiln cdc nghien ciiu, dy an theo dfii sy tfaay ddi chdt lugng va trir lugng NDD tai KCN Tra Ndc;
Can xdy dyng bdn dd tilra ning NDD, bin dfi hiln trang khai thdc, bin dd quy hoach khai thdc NDD; ling dyng cfing cu GIS vd cdc md hinfa todn hpc frong quin ly NDD; ddu tu frang thiet bi hiln dgi, ddy ragnh cfing tdc thanh fra, kiem fra, giira sat, cap pfaep nfaam fad frg cdc sd ban nginh frong vile qudn ly khai tfadc, sir dung va bdo v | ngufin tii nguyin NDD tgi viing nghiin ciiu;
Ddo tao, tuyln dyng vi bd sung nguon nhdn lyc cd frinh dp chuyin mdn vl dia chdt thuy vdn, Lugt nhim hd frg cfao cfing tdc qudn 1^ NDD;
Ban hanh cac vdn ban dudi Ludt quy dinh chi tilt, khat khe hon, tdng gid thui tdi nguyen nhara
tdng cudng cdng tdc bdo vl NDD; ddy raanh cdng tdc myen fruyin luat, vd bail hanh nhung VBPL dilu chinh, bd sung giii quyit nhimg bit cap ciia Luat TNN 2012.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Cue Quan K tai nguyen nudc, 2006. Tuyin chpn cdc vSn ban quy pham phip lugt ve tii nguyen nude. Nhd xuit bin Ndng ngfailp.
HdNpi, 351 frang.
2. Cue Qudn ly tdi nguyen nudc, 2012. Ludt tdi nguyin nudc sd I7/2012/QH13. Cfaju trdch nhiem xudt bin - Dodn Minh Tuin. Ha Ndi, 45 frang.
3. Khoa khoa hpc xd hpi vd nhdn vin - Dai fapc qudc gia tiidnh pfai Hi Chi Minfa, 2010. Sy kfadc bilt giiia dinh lugng vd djnh tinh. diera manfa vd faan che cua dinh lugng.
http://nhanhoc07.blogspot.com (truy cgp ngay 12/11/2013).
4. Nguyin Xudn Trieu, 2007. Diln biin rapt sd thanh phdn hfia hpc ciia nudc dudi dit theo tii li|u quan trie d^ng thii d Cdn Tho.
Trong; Phgm Quang Gidng. Tuyln tap cdc bdo cao khoa hpc, Hpi nghj sinh hogt chu nliiem dl an lin tini VII, 06/2006, Thdnh pho Hfi Chi Minh. Cyc Dia chdt vi Kfaoing sdn ViitNam, Thinh phfi Hd Chi Minh.
5. Nguyin Hiiu Trung, Ll Quang Tri vi Nguyen Nguyen Minh, 2012. Tip bin dfi: HI thfing mfii trudng nudc tfainfa phfi Cin Tho, vl chit lugng NDD quan trie tai TPCT.
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