Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hge Cdn Ttia Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh trj, Kinh li vd Phdp lugl. 35 (2014)- 8-15
Tap chl Khoa hocTru'cfng Oai hoc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
NGHIEN CUtJ CHUOI GIA TRI SAN PHAM CA CAO TINH BEN TRE Nguyin Hih! Tam' va Lim Thanh Due Hai'
' Khoa Kinh ti & Qudn tri Kinh doanh, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Thdng tin chung:
Ngdy nhdn: 07/08/2014 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 31/12/2014 Title:
Investigating the cocoa value chain in Ben Tre Province Tu khda:
Chudi gid trj ca cao, sdn xudt, phdn phoi Keywords:
Cocoa value chain, production, distribution
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted through the survey of 268 actors involved in the value chain of cocoa in four districts in Ben Tre Province, Viet Nam including Chau Thanh, Giong Trom, Mo Cay Bac and Mo Cay Nam.
Several experts were also interviewed in this study: The theories of value chain were applied in order to find out how market operation. The main results obtained from this study show that there are three marketing channels for cocoa production in which the main export product is dryed cocoa bean (accounting for 85.92%) and the rest consumed in domestic market (accounting for 14,08%) which is the potential marketing channel for chocolate butter, chocolate, and chocolate powder. Income distribution
is in favour of the growers, exporters and processing company. However, there is a room for improvement of this income distribution among actors towards increasing net value added for the whole chain. Through current value chain analysis and using SWOT analysis, this study identified four groups of strategies, including six groups of activities needed to implement in order to increase net value added for the whole chain in general, and forfamers in particular.
Nghiin cdu ndy dugc thuc hiin thong qua CUQC khdo sdt 268 tdc nhdn tham gia chudi gid tri tgi 4 huyen Chdu Thdnh, Giong Trom, Mo cdy Bac, Md cdy Nam cua tinh Bin Tre vd-cdcrchuyen-giaTtrongxlTnh vuc ndy.
Nghien cuu dugc thirc hi^n tren ca'so phuang phap tiep cgn chuoi gia tri.
Kit qud nghien cdu cho thdy, chudi gid tri hiin tgi co 3 kenh phdn phdi sdn phdm ca cao chu yeu Id xudt khdu hgt (chiem 85,92%) ra thi trudng nude ngodi vd 1 kinh tiiu diing noi dia (14,08%) Id kenh phoi tiim ndng ddi voi sdn phdm Ba socola, socola, bgt socola. Phdn phdi lai ich giiia cdc tdc nhdn trong chudi hien theo hudng cd lgi cho ngudi trdng, cho cdng ty chi bien vd xudt khdu. Ti^ nhien, vdn cd nhihig diim di cdi thien hiin trgng phdn phdi thu nhdp ndy giiia cdc tdc nhdn theo hudng gia tdng lgi nhudn cho todn chudi. Qua phdn tich chudi gid tri hiin tgi, ma trgn SWOT nghiin cuu da di xudt dugc 4 nhdm chiin luge, bao gom 6 nhom hogt dgng cdn th\cc hiin de gia tdng lgi nhudn cua todn chuoi ndi chung vd cho ngudi trdng ndi riing.
1 D^TVANBfe
Cay ca cao d Viet Nam cfai dugc cfaii y dau tu va phat friin nhu la m^t loai cay cdng nghiep cd
gii tti dugc hon 10 nim frd lgi day. Theo Cue Trdng frgt thudc BO Ndng nghiip Pfaat ttien ndng thdn, di?n ticfa ca cao ca nude kfaoang hon 22.000 ha, tip ttung nhilu nhat tai Tay Nguyen v i Ddng
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Truong Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh tri, Kinh leva Phdp iuat: 35 (2014): 8-15 bing sdng Ciiru Long. Diln ticfa ca cao hiln cho thu
hogcfa khoang 11.000 faa. Nhu ciu nguyen lieu ca cao dang khan faiim din ttin tfae ^ o i it nhat eho din nim 2020 . Do dd, triin vgi^ cfao ca cao Viet Nam ttong tuong lai la rat kha quan. Xac djnh thai ca din, Bg Ndng nghiep v i Phat trien ndng tfadn da quy hogcfa de ning dien ticfa ttdng ca cao, pfadi hgp vdi td chiJrc ca cao tfal gidi gidi tfailu he tfadng ndng lim bin vihig, da dang dya ttin cay ca cao de tfau faiit vdn diu tu nude ngoai ma dja ban phii ttiln ttpng tim la Ddng Nam Bd, Tiy Nguyen va Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long. Trong khu vyc Ddng bing sdng Cim Long, Bin Tie la tinh din diu vdi md hinfa ttdng xen ca cao ttong vudn dira. Vile ttdng ca cao xen ttong vudn dua cd nfaiiu uu tfae, lgi diem neu xet ve rait khoa hgc cung nfau kinh te.
Tin dyng dilu kiln sinh tfa^ sin cd ttong vudn diia, ma cay diia kfadng cd kfaa nang su dung h i t dl tdi uu hda lgi nhuan cua ngudi san xuit. So vdi vile ttong xen ttong cac vudn ciy khac, ca cao ttong vudn diia td ra khde, sinfa trudng tdt va cfao chit lugng hat rat tot. Ca cao timg budc khang djnh vi the ciia minfa li mdt loai ciy ttdng xen ttong vuan dua mang lai faieu qua cao, gdp phan tich cyc ttong vile chuyin doi ca cau sin xuit, tang tfalm thu ttiiap cfao ndng dan Bin Tre. Tuy nfailn, qui trinh canh tac ca cao nguyen li|u tai Bin Tre vin vap phai nhihig vin dl nan giii, ching hgn nfau qui md sin xuat cdn nfad le, vile img dyi^ cic ky tiiugt cdn fagn chi, tinfa trgng xara nhip man sau, keo dai;
cic loai ddng vat cin pfai ca cao lim giam nang suit cfait lugng, ting chi pfai san xuit Sy viec ndng fad ddn bd ca cao faing logt vi gia xudng qui tfaip, tinfa trgng thilu lao ddng,... khiln cho ndng dan khdng cdn man mi vdi loal cay vdn dugc ky vgng niy. Tfalm nOa, yi|c xic djnfa la viing nguyin lieu ca cao nhung fai^ehu^iu'cfai xuat kfaiu san phira thd cfaua qua cfal bien kfadng dem Igi gia trj cao bang xuat nhihig sin phira tii ca cao mang thucmg failu. Do dd, can thilt pfaii tim bieu mdt cacfa cy tfai ve nganfa faing ca cao tai Bin Tre tu khau san xuit cfao den kfaau tiiu thy. Tu dd cd dugc cai nfain ting thi vi cfai tilt eua tiing thanh pfain tfaam gia vao nginh hin^ ca cao tai Bin Tre, eiing nhu cd ngudn thdng tin cln tfaiit dl dua ra nfaimg cfaiin luge pfau hgp nfaam fada giii nhinig vin de kfad khan ttong sin xuat va kinh doanfa ca cao, gdp pfain nang cao s i lugng, chat lugng va gia tri hgt ca cao Bin Tre ndi riing va Viet Nam ndi chung. Vi vgy, ngfailn ciiu chuoi gia ttj sin pfalm ca cao tai tinh Bin Tre li hit sue can thilt frong giai dogn nay.
Bai viit niy nham dgt 3 muc tiiu: (I) Phan tich tfayc trang vile san xuit vi tieu thy ca cao tinh Bin
Tre; (2) L ^ ban do ehu^ gia tri va pfaan tich kinh te chudi gii trj san pfalm ca cao xen dua a Bin Tre;
(3) Di xuat cac cfaiin luge nang cip hoat ddng chudi gia tri nganfa faang ca cao d Bin Tre.
2 PHl/ONG FRAP NGHltN c u t ! 2.1 Pfatramg phSp thu thap dir Ueu
Dja ban nghiin ctiu dugc chpn theo faai Ulu cfai diln ti'ch va san lugng ca cao. Iheo do, bdn fauyen dugc chgn la Cfaau Thanh, Gidng Trom, Md cay BIC, Md cay Nam vdi tdng dien ticfa chiem 89% va sin lugng chiim 96% toan tinfa nim 2012.
- Nhiing quan sit dugc chpn theo phuong pfaap cfagn miu tfauan tien frln dja bin nghiin eiiu vi cac tac nhin tfaam gja cfaudi dugc chgn cd tinfa cfait lien kit.
- Du lieu tfaii cip: dugc tfau thgp tft sd Ndng nghiep va Phat triin ndng tfadn tinh Bin Tre, Trung tam Kfauyen ndng - Kfauyin ngu tinfa Bin Tre, fren nien giam thdng kl tinh Bin Tre, frln sach, tren bio v i ttin internet.
Dft lieu so cip: Dilu tra tryc tilp 268 quan sat mau (gdm 240 ngudi trdng ca cao, 20 ngudi thu gom-sa cfal, I cdng ty cfal bien xuat khiu, 2 cdng ty xuat khau, 2 cdng ty tfau mua fagt, 3 ngucri sin xuat ciy gidng) li cac tic nhan ciia nganfa faang bang bing ciu fadi sogn tmdc. Ngoai ra, tic g^a cdn ap dung pfauong phap pfadng vin chuyin gia (key Information Panel - KIP) dl lira rd thim van de can ngfailn ciiu.
2.2 Phirong phap phan tich
Bii nghien ciiu cfaii ylu sii dung pfauong pfaip tfaing ke md ta, pfain ticfa cfaudi bao gdm phan tich cfauc nang chudi, tie nhin tfaam gia cfaudi, kenh thj tmdng v i hd ttg tfaiic diy chudi; phan ticfa kinfa ti cfaudi bao gdm pfaan ti'ch gia tri gja tang (Value Added- VA), gii tri gia ting tfauan hay cdn gpi la Igi nhuan (Net Value Added-NVA); su dyng cic cfai sd tai cfainfa, pfaan ticfa SWOT.
3 KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Thyc trang san xuat, che bien va tieu thn ca cao d Bin Tre
Ca cao dugc ttdng d tit ca cic fauyen ttong tinfa v i tip trung nfaiiu nfait d eac fauyen Chau Tfaanfa (2.780 faa), Gidng Trom (1.716 faa), Md Cay Bic (1.437 ha) va Md Cay Nam (1.385 ha). Dien tich ca cao ciia 4 huyen nay cfaiim kfaoang 89% tdng diln tt'cfa vi 96% san lugi^ ca cao cua toan tinfa. Trong giai dogn 2008-2012, tdng diln tich ca cao xen trong vudn dfira tang len rit nhanh tir 3.622 ha (nam 2008) len 8.243 ha (nira 2012), tang tiiylt ddi
Tgp ehi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh trj. Kinh te vd Phap ludt: 35 (2014): 8-15 4.621 ha, Tuy nhiin, nam 2013 dien tich ca cao cua
toan tinfa giam xuong cdn 5.211 faa, tiic giira 3,032 ha (tuang iing giim 37%). Nguyin nfaan ^ i m li do giai dogn cudi 2012 din giiia nam 2013 gii ca cao tgi Bin Tre cd giim xudng cdn kfaoing 45 nghin ddng/kg hgt khd, kfaoang 3.800 ddng din 4.000 ddng/kg ttai tirai, ddng thcri gia budi da xanh ting ed Iiic tdi 60 nghin ddng/qua. Dilu niy dS khiin rit nhieu ndng dan d gt chgt bd ca cao sang ttdng budi da xanh, nfaiiu nhit la d cac dien tich khdng dugc cham soc, nang suit tfaip, Cimg vdi do, mdt sd dien tich ca cao ttdng d viing gin biln (nhu fauyin Binh Dgi) bj cfait man (udc tinfa kfaoing 500 faa) do dan liy nude nudi thiiy sin. Sin lupng ca eao giai doan 2008-2012 tang liln tuc do sy gia ting vi dien tieh thu hogch. San lugng tfaip nhit li 6.465 tin qua tuoi nim 2008 va san lugng dat dugc cao nhit la 29.987 tin qui tirai nim 2012, tang ttiy|t ddi 23.522 tin qui tuoi. Tuy nfailn, do di?n ticfa ea eao giira khoang 37% tur cuoi nam 2012 din gifta nara
11,22%
2013 nin san lugng ca cao nam 2013 so vdi nam 2012 giam 9.356 tin (tuong iing giam 31%).
Hiln tai, tinfa Ben Tre chi cd m^t cdng ty chi hat ca cao tfaanfa ba socola, bdt socola va socola vdi sin lugng rat nhd kfaoang 14,08% so vdi san lugng ca cao ciia tinh, co din 85,92% san lugng Ca cao Bin Tre dugc tich lay hat va xuat khau sang cic nude Chiu Au, MJ, Nfaat. Hien nay, cd rat nhilu tgp doin Idn tim din tai Ben Tre dat ttgra thu mua hgt ca cao di xuit khlu nfau: ED & F Man, Cargill, Grand Place, Armajaro,... Cac cdng ty dgt trgm tfau mua va diem tfau mua kfaap cac khu vyc ttdng ca cao ttong tinh Bin Tre nhung chii yiu tap ttung tai huyen Chiu Thanh, huyin tlln pfaong ttong phong trio ttdng ca cao xen ttong vudn diia.
3.2 So* do chuSi gia trj ca cao
So d i chuoi v i kenh thi trucmg; Hinfa 1 cfao tfaiy, cfauSi gii tri ca cao tinh bin Tre cd 3 kenfa tfaj tmdng:
3,13%
Cdng ts chl biln
C a s e san xuat
banh keo
1,56%
Cdngty ' thu mim'
hgt
11,22%
73,14 »y Tmng tim Khuyen ndng Khuyin ngu
Sd Ndng nghiep va Phit ttiin nong thdn Ghi chd: gid tri dugc tinh tren 1kg hgt ca cao
Hinh 1: Sa do chudi gii tri ca cao or Bin Tre Nguon: linh lodn lir kit qud khdo sdt, 2013
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnrcmg Dgi hge Cdn Tho Kenh 1: Ngudi trdng ca cao •=> Thu gom - sa chi •=> Cdng ty xudt khdu ^ Nude ngodi: day la kenh tiii tiirdng xuit khiu va la kinh tiii tmdng quan ttgng nfait, chiim 74,14% sin lugng ca cao toan cfaudi.
Kinfa 2; Ngudi ttdng ca cao "^ Tfau gom - so ehi •=> Cong ty thu mua fagt •=> Cdng ^ xuit khau f^ Nuac ngoai: day cung la kenfa thj tmdng xuat khiu, chiim 11,22% san lugng ca cao toin chuii.
Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh tri, Kinh ti vd Ph^ lugt: 35 (2014): 8-15 dia ban tinh.
3.3 Phin tich kinh t l chuSi
3.3.1 Chi phi vd ca cdu chi phi sdn xudt cita ngudi trdng ca cao
Chi pfai sin xuit cua i^udi ttdng ca cao dugc phin tiiinh 2 nhdra sau:
Chi phi trung gian: Diy la nhung ehi phi dimg di mua dau vio cln thiet cho hoat dgng sin Kenh 3: Ngudi trdng ca cao '^ Thu gom - sa
chi '^ Cong ty chi bien vd xudt khdw day li kinfa tiiu thy ndi dia (14,08%) va xuit khlu (1,56%), day la kenh thj tmdng duy nfaat failn nay tao ra sin phira gii tti gia tang (ba ca cao dang nude ep, bgt ca cao FiGo dk uing, socola nhao de phii lln binfa keo, socola dgng thanh di in) va cd nhilu tilm ning di phit ttiin. San pfaam gii tti ^ a ting nay da dugc pfain pfadi din cac ca sd sin xuit binfa keo, diim ban le trong vi ngoii tinh.
Hd trg, thiic day chuoi: Hinh 1 cdn cfao tfaiy, ngudi ttdng ea cao, ngudi eung cip dau vao (ciy giong) nhgn dugc sy h5 trg thiic diy ciia sd Nong ngfailp vi Phat trien ndng tfadn, Tmng tara khuyen ndng - kfauyen ngu ciia tinfa (hd ttg 40% gii ciy gidng, ky thu^t ttdng). Ngoai ra faiu fait cic tac nhan ttong cfaudi, ngogi trir ngudi ban le deu tiep cgn va vay von tft cac nginh hing dang ddng tgi
xuat. Tdng chi phi tnmg gian de sin xuat ca cao la 6.072 ddng>lcg fagt (chilm kfaoang 21,96% ting chi phi), bao gdm (i) chl phi vit tu ndng nghiip nhu phin bon, thudc, khiu hao vudn ciy (chiem khoing 20,68% tdng chi phQ, (ii) ehi phi nfailn lieu di tudi tiiu (chiim 1,28% tdng efai pfai).
Chi phi tdng them: Cfai pfai tang them la nhung cfai pfai tfalm vao trong_ faoat ddng sin xuat kinfa doanh eua ngudi ttdng ca cao. Tong chi phi ting them cua ngudi ttdng ca cao ttung binh li 21.582 ddng/kg hgt ca cao (chiim khoang 78,04%
tdng chi pfai). Chi pfai tang thira bao gora cic chi phi: (i) Idiiu hao chi pfai diu tu ban diu tft khiu chuan bj dit, chara sdc cho din khi ciy ca cao cho trai (chiim klioing 8,22% tdng chi phi); (ii) chi phi tfaue lao dgng (chiim khoang 64,42% tdng cfai phi);
(iii) cfai phi Iii vay va cac chi phi khae (nong cu, dyng cy, v^n chuyen...) (cfaiem klioing 5,40% tdng chi phi).
CP thudc BVTV
Hinb 2: Ccr cau ehi phi cua ngudi tring ca cao Nguon: khdo sdt ihuc te 240 nguai trong ca cao, 2013
Tgp chi Khoa tigc Trudng Dgt hgc Can Tho Phdn D: Khoa hoc Chinh trj, Kinh te vd Phdp lugt: 35 (2014)- 8-15 3.3.2 Phdn tich gid trf gia tdng va gid tri gia
tdng thudn
Gia tti gia tang (GTGT) l i failu sd giiia gii mi ngudi v§n hinfa chuoi ban dugc trft dl cfai phi trung gian. Gia ttj gia tang thuin faay cdn ggi li led nfaugn cua mdi tic nfain dugc tinfa bing cacfa liy GTGT trit di cac cfai phi ting them. Gia fri gia tang, gia trj gia tang thuin efta cie tac nfaan theo 3 kinh thi trudng nhu sau:
Kinh 1: Ngudi frdng ca cao O Thu gom - sa chl ^ Cdng ty xuit khlu "^ Nude ngoii
Tdng GTGT ciia kenfa tiii tiirdng nay la 45.998 ddng/kg hat, frong do nguoi frdng ca cao tao ra GTGT ldn nhit, chiira 77,22% ciia cfaudi vi ngudi ttdng ca cao tin rit nhieu tiidi gian cfao vile san xuit (kfaoang 20 tfaang), phin GTGT con lai do Ngudi tfau gom-sa cfal, cdng ty xuat khau tao ra.
Phan bo GTGT, GTGT tiiuln tinh tren 1 kg hgt ca cao phan ldn thupc ve nguoi ttdng ca cao, ngudi tfau gom-sa chi, cdng ty xuit khlu chiira pfain nho so vdi ngudi ttdng ca cao. Ngudi ttong ca cao dat dugc GTGT tiiuin cao nhit va nfain din 74,12%
lgi nhuan ciia chuoi, vdi ty suit lgi nfaugn ttin cfai phi 0,5 iln.
Bang 1: GTGT, GTGT thuin cua cac tac nhin trong chudi theo kenh 1
DVT: ddng/kg hgt Nguoi trong ca cao Ngirdi thu gom - Sff che Cdng ty xuat khau T6°g Gia ban
Cfai phi tmng gian Gia tti gia tang
% gia ttj gia tang Cfai phi ting thera Gia ttj gia tang tiiuan
% gia tti gia tang thuin Lgi nfauin/Cfai pfai (lin)
41.590 6.072 35.518 77,22 21.582 13.936 74,12 0,50
48.616 41.590 7.026 15,27 4.434 2.592 13,79 0,06
52.070 48.616 3.454 7,51 1.181 2.273 12,09 0,05
142.276 96.278 45.998 100,00 27.197 18.801 100,00 Ngudn: Khdo sdt thiec le, 2013
Kinh 2: Ngudi ttdng ca cao "^ Thu gom - so cfal ^ Cdng ty tfau mua fagt '^ Cdng ty xuit kfaau
"=> Nude ngoai:
Cic tic nfain ttong kinfa tfai tmdng nay tao ra dugc 45.998 ddng/kg GTGT va tiiu dugc 18.060 ddng GTGT tfauin. Ngudi tring ca cao nhin dugc lgi icfa nfaiiu nhit, dugc phin phii 77,22% GTGT vi 77.16% GTGT thuln/kg. Ngudi tiiu gom-sa chi
"^^dng'gdp 13,91% GTGT vao sin phira va dugc
Bang 2: GTGT, GTGT thuin cua cic tac nhan trong chudi theo kenh 2
pfain phii 10,89% GTGT thuin/kg. Cdng ty xuit khiu ddng gdp 6,67% GTGT vao sin pham nfaung dugc pfain phdi tdi 10,46% GTGT thuin/kg. Cdng ty thu raua hgt ddng gdp 2,2% GTGT vio san pham va dugc pfain phdi 1,49% GTGT thuin/kg.
Ty suat lgi nhuan tren chl phi cua ngudi ttdng ca cao la cao nhat dgt 0,5 lan, cao gap 12 lin so vdi ngudi thu gom-sa chl, cdng ty xuat khiu vi cao gap 50 lln so vdi cdng ty tfau mua fagt.
DVT: dong/kg hgt
Khodn myc
-- ,.^ \ NgiTffi thu Nfiuoi trong ca cao " „ i. -
^ ^ gom- Sff che
Cdng ty thu mua hat
Cdng ty xuat khau
Tdng Gia ban
Chi phi trung gian Gia tri gia tang
% gia tri gia tang Clli phi tang thSm Gia tri gia tdng thudn
% gia trj gia tang thuan Lpi n h u ^ C h i phi (lan)
41.590 6.072 35.518 77,22 21.582 13.936 77,16 0,50
47.990 41.590 6.400 13,91 4.434 1.966 10,89 0,04
49.000 47.990 1.010 2,20 741 269 1,49 0,01
52.070 49.000 3.070 6,67 1.181 1.889 10,46 0,04
190.650 144.652 45.998 100,00 27.938 18.060 100.00 Ngudn. Khdo sdt thue le, 2013
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hgc ChinhM Kinh ti vdPhdp lugt: 35 (2014): 8-15 d kfaau chl biln (chiira 71,17%) va dat tJ suit Igi nhuan ttin ehi phi cao nhit tdi 1,57 lln. Ngudi ttdng ca cao ddng gdp 24,42% GTGT va dugc phan phdi 12,86% lgi nfaugn cua cfauoi. Ngudi tfau gom-sa chi ddng gdp it nhit 4,41% vio GTGT va dugc phan pfadi 1,81% Icri nfaugn cua cfaudi.
Bang 3: GTGT, GTGT thuin ciia cac tac nhin trong chudi theo kenh 3
DVT: ddng/kg hgt Kinh 3: Ngudi ttdng ca cao •=> Thu gom - so
chi "^ Cdng ty chi biin va xuit khau
Kinh thj tmdng nay tao ra GTGT rit ldn cho sin phim, len din 145.418 ding/kg, gip 3,16 lin kinh 1 va 2 va GTGT niy chu yeu duge tgo ra
Khoan muc Nguffi trdng ca cao NguM thu gom ~ Sa Cong ty che bien
che xuit khau Tong
Gia bin Cfai pfai tmng gian Gia trj gia tang
% gia trj gia ting Chi phi tang thim Gii ttj gia tang thuan
% gii trj gia ting tfauin Lgi nhuan/Cfai phi (lan)
41.590 6.072 35.518 24,42 21.582 13.936 12,86 0,50
47.990 41.590 6.400 4,41 4.434 1.966 1,81 0,04 dS xuat nhu sau:
151.490 47.990 103.500 71,17 11.000 92.500 85,33 1,57
241.070 97.662 145.418 100,00 37.016 108.402 100.00 Ngudn: Khdo sdt ihtee te, 2013
3.4 Chien lirgc nang cip chuSi 3.4.1 Quan diem ndng cdp chudi vd tdm nhin chiin luge
Quan diem nang cAp chudi gid tri ca cao:
Chuoi gia tri dugc ning cip dya ttin 3 ca sd; (1) ki hogch phat^ triin kinh ti 5 nam ciia tinh md rgng di?n tich ttdng ea cao lln 15.000 ha vao nam 2015;
(ii) nfaftng diim mgnh, diira yiu, co fapi va tfaich thftc ciia nginh.
Thm nhin chiin lu^tc: Cfaiin luge ning elp cfauSi gii tti ca cao hudng din viec tang nang suit vi do viy ting gia ttj sin xuit ttin dan vi di|n ticfa va tgo GTGT cfao san phim ca cao nhim tang tfau nfagp cfao cic tic nfain tfaam gia cfauoi dgc bilt Ii ngudi nghio, ciing nhu dip iing ngay cang cao ciia ngudi tiiu diing.
3.4.2 De xudt chien luge ndng cdp chudi Chien luge ning cip chudi gii trj dugc xiy dyng ttin ca sd; (i) Phan tich kinfa ti cfauSi; (ii) Phin ticfa SWOT.
Qua phan tich cfaudi gii tri hi§n tai, phan ticfa SWOT, cd 4 nfadm chiln luge nang cip chudi dugc
Nhom chiin luge cdng kich: 1) ning cao nang suit vi chat lugng ca cao, 2) tang cudng hoat ddng xuc tiin tiiucmg mai, 3) td chiic lai sin xuat thdng qua vi|c liln kit giua cic nha sin xuat.
- Nhdm chien luge ddi phd/thich ung: 4) tang cudng hogt ddng cii tien mau mi va quang ba san pham, 5) xiy dyng ndi kit thj trudng giira nfaa cung cap vgt tu vi cac td chftc ngudi trdng ea cao.
Nhdm chiin luge diiu chinh: 6) phit ttiln sin pfaam gia tri gia ting "ba ca cao, socola, bdt ca eao", 7) Tin dung ngudn fad ttg eiia dy in va dja phuong di ning cao nang lyc sin xuit, thj tntbng vi che biin ca cao, 8) Tang cudng vdn cfao cac tic nfain trong cfaudi, 9) Pfait triin nganh sin xuat ca cao gidng.
- Nhdm chiin luge phdng thu: 10) Thinh lip va ciing co cic td chuc ngudi trdng ca cao, 1!) Tang cudng cac hogt ddi^ tap huin kJ tiiuat vi phong tri binh ciy va xay dyng phucmg in kinfa doanfa cfao ngudi ttdng va ngudi efai biin, 12) Ting cudng cac hoat dpng xiic tiin thucmg mgi vi cai tiin san pfaim.
Tgp chi Khoa figc Tncdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hoc Chinh iri. Kinh ti vd Phdp lugt: 35 (2014): 8-15 Bdng 4: Phan ti'ch SWOT nganh hang ca cao tinh Bin Tre
Diim manh
Ben Tre cd dien tich vudn dira Idn nhat nude.
rat phii hgp cho viec ttdng xen.
Cd kinfa n^iem san xuit
Dieu kiln ty nfaien phii hgp, cay cfao ttai faau nfau quanfa nim
Tan dyng lao dpng gia dinh
Nha cung cip vit tu ndng nghiep va ngudi ttong cd rail quan he lau nim vi cd sy canh tranh giiia cic nfaa cung cap vat tu ndng nghiip San pham socola, ba ca cao da cd nhan hieu va da ed kinfa tieu thu
Diira yeu
Ky thuit chim sdc cdn han chi Chua quan tam chara sdc dung rauc Kfadng tdn tiii liu dugc
Thiit bj vi kJ thuit sin xuit socola, bo ca cao cdn hgn chi
Nang lyc ngi gia vdi ngudi mua thap Ning lyc tiep can thdng tin thj tmdng cdn fagn cfal
Co fadi
Nfau cau tfai tmong cao Tinh cd dy in ho ttg ndng nghiip Ngiy cang cd nhilu dy in fad ttg ca cao duge ttiln kfaai
Dia phuong cd chinh sacfa fao ttg pfaat triln nganh faing ca cao
Chiin sy xay ra d Chiu Phi, Malaysia nude xuit kfaiu ca cao hing diu thi gidi ddn ca cao di trdng cp lam nguon ca cao kfaan hilm.
rhach thue
Gii c i kfadng dn djnh - Djcfa faai cao
Gii ea vat tu cao
Cay ca cao cd nguy ea bi thay the bdi budi da xanfa, cfaanfa...
Nfau ciu tieu dung ddi vdi tinh an toan ciia san phim ngiy cang cao
Miu raa socola cfae biln chua bat mat Rit it ngudi tiiu diing ngoii tinh bilt din socola, Ba ca cao, bgt ca cao Figo Ngudn. tdng hgp ket qud khdo sdt, 2013
3.4.3 Ki hogch hdnh dgng ndng cap chudi gid trj ca cao
Dk tfayc thi cic cfaiin luge nlu ttin, cln thyc hiln 6 nlidm hoat d^ng dugc dh xuit sau day:
Ndng cao ndng sudt vd chdt lugng ca cao:
Dk thyc hien chien luge niy can thyc hiln 4 faogt d^ng: i) tip huin kJ tiiuit ttdng ca cao;-ji)j.tii; ^ quan fagc tap kinh nghiem, iii) tfayc fal^n^khio"
nghiem giing, iv) xay dyng md hinh ttinh diln kJ thugt trdng.
Ddy mgnh phdt trien sdn phdm chudi gid tri bo ca cao, socola, bgt ca cao: Bao gdm cac hogt ddng nfau: 1) diu tu tfaiit bj xay, ep, ii) t|p_ fauin ning cao ning lyc cfal bien, iii) cai tien mau ma sin pfalm di ciing vdi viec tang cudng cic hogt dgng quing ba san pfaim.
Xdy dyng ndi kit thi trudng giua cdc nhd cung cdp vdt tu nong nghiip vd cdc td chuc ndn^
ddn: Dia phuong nin thyc hiln viec tgo kit ndi gifta nhung nha cung d p vgt tu diu vio va cic td cfauc ndng din. Tfayc hi|n dugc dilu niy se giiip cfao ngudi frdng giira dugc chi phi sin xuat.
- Thdnh lap hogc cdng cd cac td chdc ndng ddn: cln thyc hiln 2 hoat dgng: i) khao sat va danfa gii failu qua hoat d$ng cua cic td chiic kinh te fagp tic, ii) tiianli lap, ciing cd hoat dgng cac td chiic kinh te hgp tie.
Tdn dung ngudn hd tro cua du dn vd dia phucmg di ndng cao nang luc thi trudng cho ngudi 'S.op^fiiu thu vd chi hiin ca cao: cin tfayc failn 2 faogt ddng: i) tap huin kiln tfauc tfai tmdng cho ngudi ttdng ca cao va nfaa cfae biin, ii) xay dyng be tfadng tfadng tin thj tmdng.
- Tdng cudng vdn cho cdc tdc nhdn trong chudi: Dl thyc thi chiln luge niy cln td cfaiic cac Idp tap fauin xiy dyng phuang an/ke faoacfa sin xuit kinh doanh dl vay vdn va hd trg vdn eho cae fad sin xuit va nfaa chl bien.
4 K £ T LU4.N
Dien tich va sin lugng ca cao tinh Ben Tre tang mgnh giai dogn 2008 den 2012, tuy nfaien nam 2013 dien tich v i sin lugng giira do ngudi ttdng don ca cao dl fring budi da xanh vi gii ea cao giam frong khi gii budi da xanh ting cao. Ca cao la loai cay mdi phat trien va la loai cay frdng phy xen
Tgp chi Khoa hge Truong Dgi hge Cdn Tho vdi dua nin ngudi ttdng chua cfau y cham sdc diing miic dan den nang suit cfaua eao. Trong qui ttfaih san xuit, ndng dan eon gap kfaa nhilu khd khan do yiu td tfadi tiit mang Iai.
Chuoi gia ttj ca cao cua tinh Bin Tre faogt dgng tfadng qua 3 kenfa cfau ylu. Trong dd, kinh I ddng v ^ tto quan trgng ttong viec efaityen tii kfadi lugng ldn hat ca cao den thj tmdng tfai gidi bing cacfa xuat kfaiu sin phim thd. Kinh 3 li kinfa dity nhat sin pham tft ea eao duge cfae bien va phyc vy tiiu diing ttong nude, day la kenh dang dugc quan tam pfaat ttiln ttong tuong lai, Kinfa 2 faoat dgng gan gidng nhu kenfa I, cfal cd thim cdng ty thu mua hat ddng vai fro li tmng gian gifta nhiing ngudi thu gom - sa cfai vdi cong ty xuat khau.
Tu nfaihig diim manfa, ca fagi, diem yeu, tfaich tfauc cua nginh hing ca cao, nghiin ciiu di dl xuat 4 nhdra cfaiin luge nfalm nang cap cfaudi gia ttj tfaeo faudng cd Igi cfao cac tic nhan thara gia nganfa hing, De thyc faien cae clilen luge nay can thuc faien 6 nhom faogt ddng Ii: i) Ning cao ning suit vi chat lugng ca eao, ii) Diy mgnh phat ttien san pfaam cfauoi gii trj ba ca cao, socola, bgt ca cao, iii)
Phdn D. Khoa hge Chinh tri. Kinh ti vd Phdp lugt: 35 (2014): 8-15 Ndi kit tfaj tmdng gifta nha cung cap vat tu ndng nghiip va cac td cfaiic ndng dan, iv) Thinh lap va faoic cung cd cac t i chiic ndng din, v)_Tan dyng i^uin fad ttg eua dy in va dia pfauong dl nang cao ning lyc thj tiirdng cho cac tac nfain, vl) Tang cudng vdn cfao cic tac nhan frong cfaudi gia ttj.
TAI Up] THAM KHAO
1. Cyc thing kl Bin Tre, 2013. Niin giam tfadng kl tinh Bin Tre nam 2012.
2. CucthdngklBinTre, 2014. Nien giira tfadng kl tinh Bin Tre nam 2013.
3. Cue tiidng ke Bin Tre, 2014. Bao cio tinh hinh kinh ti xi hOl tinfa Bin Tre nim 2013.
4. Eschbom, 2007. Liln kit chuSi gii ttj - ValueLuiks. GTZ.
5. M4P, 2007. Thj tmdng cfao nguoi ngfaeo- edng cy pfain ticfa cfaudi gia ttj.
6. Vo Thi Thanh Lgc, Nguyin Phii Son, 2013.
Giao ttinli phin tieh chudi gii trj sin phara ling dung ttong linh vuc ndng ngfailp. Cin Tfaa; Nha xuat bin Dgi fagc Cin Tha.
