TgpchiKboahgcTntdngDgihgcCdnTho Phdn B: Ndng nghifp. TUysdnvdCongnghe Sinh hgc: 33(2014): 36-45 |
Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru'cfng Dai hpc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
ANH H U d N G CUA C A C M t f C NANG LU*CmG T R A O D O I (ME)
T R O N G K H A U P H A N AN D E N SU" TANG TRU^ONG, C H A T LlTONG Q U A Y T H I T VA CAC C H I T I E U D I C H M A N H TRANG CUA T H O L A I ( T H O D I A PHCTOfNG X T H O N E W ZEALAND) & D O N G BANG SONG C U t J L O N G
Nguyin Thi VTnh Chau' va Nguyin Van Thu^
' Klwa Nong nghiip & Mdi truang, Trudng Cao ddng Kinh ti - Ky thugt Kiin Giang - Khoa Nong nghiep & Sinh hgc Ung dung, TrudngDgi hgc Cdn Tha
Thong tin chung:
Ngdy nhdn: 06/05/2014 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 28/08/2014 Title:
Effects of dietary metabolizable energy levels on growth performance, carcass qualily and caecal parameters of growing crossbred rabbit (local x New Zealand) in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam Tu khda:
Lodi gam nhdm, nang sudt, sir ditng ducmg chdi, ndng lugng
Keywords:
Rodents, performance, nutrients utilization, energy
ABSTRACT
This experiment was conducted on 60 crossbred (local x New Zealand) rabbits in the Mekong delta of Vietnam started at 8 weeks of age to evaluate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels on feed intake, growth performance, digestibility, nitrogen releniion, carcass quality, caecal parameters and economic return. The experiment was a completely randomized, design with 5 treatments and 3 replications (2 males and 2 females per one experimental unit). The experimental period was 10 weeks. The treatments were dietary ME levels of 2100, 2300. 2500. 2700 and 2900 kcal/kgDM.
respectively with maize supplementation as the energy source. The results showed thai nutrients intake, daily weight gain, digestibility, nitrogen retention, caecal parameters and carcass quality M'ere gradually increased with increasing the dietary ME from 2100 to 2700 kcal/kgDM Q)<0.05). However, when increasing the dietary ME level up to 2900 kcal/kgDM these traits were not significantly different compared to the dietary ME level of 2700 kcal/kgDM (p>0.05). In conclusion, the dietary ME levels from 2500 to 2700 kcal/kgDM were belter for the growing crossbred (local x New Zealand) rabbits.
TOM T A T
Thi hghienTndy dugc thuc'hien Iren 60 thd lai (diaphuangx New Zealand) hdi ddu tir 8 ludn tudi nudi d Bdng bdng sdng Ciru Long (DBSCL) nhdm ddnh gid dnh hirdng ciia muc nang lugng trao ddi (ME) irong khdu phdn din lugng tiiu Ihu duang chdt thitc dn, ndng sudt tdng trirdng, ti li tieu hda, nita tich lOy, chdt lugng quay ihit, cdc chi lieu dich manh trdng vd hieu qud kinh ti cua thd lai (dia phuang x New Zealand). Thi nghiem dugc bo tri theo thi thicc hodn todn t ngdu nhien gdm cd 5 nghiem thirc vd 3 ldn lap lgi, tlidi gian ihi nghiem Id 10 tudn. Cdc nghiim thirc Id cdc mirc ME trong khdu phdn ldn lugt Id 2100, 2300, 2500, 2700 vd 2900 kcal/kg vdl chdt khd (DM) vdi bdp hgt Id ngudn thirc dn di ndng cao muc ndng lugng. Mdi dan vi thi nghiem cd 2 thd dye vd 2 thd cdi. Kel qud cho thdy la lugng lieu thu dudng chdi, ldng khdi lugng, li le liiu hda, nita tich luy. chdt lugng quay thil vd cdc chi tiiu dich manh trdng cda thd thi nghiim ldng ddn lin khi ldng muc ME tir 2100 din 2700 kcal/kgDM (p<0,Q5).
Khi ME tiep luc ldng den 2900 kcal/kgDM thi cdc chi tiiu ndy tdng chdm lgi vd khdng khdc biet co y nghia thdng ke (p>0,05) so vdi mirc ME 2700 kcal/kgDM Kit ludn ciia ihi nghiem la muc ME khdu phdn Idt cho thd lai (dja phuang j:
New Zealand) tang trudng a DBSCL Id tir 2500 din 2700 kcal/kgDM.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B: Ndng nghifp. Thuy sdn vd Cdng nghe Sinh hgc 33 (2014): 36-45 1 DAT VAN DE
Thit thd cd cfait lugng tdt, it beo, phu hgp vm ngudi cao tudi, nguoi cin giim beo, ngudi cd nguy eo benh tim mach (Hernandez and Gondret, 2006).
Ndng lugng Id ylu td rat quan frgng giiip con vat duy tti su sdng, v$n dgng va sin xudt, khi thieu ndng lugng thi chim ldn, cdn thiia thi lam tdng cfai phi thiic an. Cac nghien cuu xdc dinh miic nang lugng ciia thd frln thi gidi da dgt dugc nhiiu kit qud tdt, nfaung cd sy biin ddng. Butcher et ai (1981) cfao ring thd New Zealand va Californian nudi d Anh cdn cd miic ning lugng tiao doi (ME) frong khdu phdn Id 2390-2867 kcal/kgDM. Kit qui ngfailn cuu eua Abou-Ela et ai (2000) cho thdy ME frong khau phdn 2700 kcal/kgDM Id tdt cho thd New Zeiiland x Californian nudi d Hy Lap.
Lebas (2004) khuyin cdo mirc ME frong khiu phan chung cho thd tdng tmdng Ii 2533-2744 kcal/kgDM. Gdn ddy de Bias and Mateos (2010) khuyin cdo ME frong khdu phdn eho thd thjt la 2601 kcal/kgDM.
Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long (DBSCL) la vimg ndng im, gidng thd pfad biin S.k lay thit la con lai giiia dia phuang x New Zealand. Ngudn tfaiic an cho thd 0 DBSCL pfaong pfaii san cd quanfa nam bao gdm thu'c an thd xanh, phy pham ndng-cdng nghidp. Cay bap ciing duge ttdng pho biln d trong vimg Id ngudn thiic in cung cap ndng lugng phd biln cho gia siic (NRC, 1977; de Bias and Mateos 2010). Bdp cd DM cao 90,5%, him lugng CP la 9,68, NDF Ii 7,38% v i ME li 3379 kcal/kgDM. Tir nhiing nim 2000 din nay, cdc nghien cuu ttin thd trong dieu kiln sinh thai eua viing DBSCL chii ylu tap trung vio sii dyng tfaiic dn v i cdi tao eon gidng, ttong khi nghiin xic dinfa nfau cdu dinh dudng cho thd cdn khd han chl, dac bill la nang lugng. Xuat phdt tir yeu edu thyc tl, ngfailn ciiu nay dugc tfayc faien nhdm ddnh gii inh faudng ciia cdc miic nang lugng ttao ddi (ME) vdi bap la ngudn thiic in bd sung ndng lugng ttong khau phin, din sy tiiu thu dudng chit, tang trudng, ti ll tiiu fada, nita ticfa luy, cfaat lugng quiy tfait, chit lugng thit, cdc chi tieu dich raanh ttdng vd hieu qua kinh tl ciia tho lai tdng tmdng d DBSCL, tii dd xdc dinh v i dl ngfai miic nang lugng fagp ly trong khau phin cho gidng thd lai ndy d giai dogn tdng tmdng.
2 PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 0|a diim vd tfadi gian t\ii ngfailm Tfai nghiim nudi dudng vi tiiu hda dugc thyc hien tgi Trgi Chdn nudi sd 474V18, P. Long Hoa,
Q. Buih Thiiy, TP. Cdn Tho. Phan d'ch tinic in, phdn, nudc tieu vd tfait dugc thyc faien tgi Pfadng thi nghiem E205 ciia Bd mdn Chdn nudi, Khoa Ndng Nghiip vd Sinfa fagc LTng dung, Trudng Dgi fagc Cdn Tfaa. Hidi gian thyc Men thi nghiim tir tfadng 5/2013-8/2013.
2.2 Bong vgt vd cfauong trgi thi nghiem Thd tfai nghiem Id gidng thd lai giiia cai dia phuang vdi dye New Zealand (dia phuang x New Zealand) cd sdn tai Trai, chiing dugc tilm pfadng cdc benfa cau trung (thudc Bio-Quino-coc) vi ky sinh triing (thudc Ivermectin 0,25%) frudc khi dua vao tfai nghiera.
Chudng nudi thd thi nghiim la kilu chudng ldng ed san, cao cich mit dat la khoing 1 m de tien tfau miu pfain vd nudc tiiu. Kich thudc cOa mdi ldng tfad thi ngfaiem la 50 x 50 x 40cm, ttong mli ldng deu cd dgt mang an, ming uong riing.
Chudng ttgi dugc sit ttung dinh ky hai tudn mdt lin bing thudc sdt triing Vlrkon'S.
2 3 Tfaiic an tfai nghiim
Cd ldng tiy vd day rau lang sii dung lam thiie dn ttong thi ngfaiem dugc thu cat hang ngay d vimg ddt gdn Trgi. Bap ligt va dau nanh fagt dugc mua mdt lan diing cho sudt thi nghiim, tir ciia hdng bdn tfaiic an gia siic d TP. Cdn Tfaa. Tdt cd cde thiie an frong tfai ngfaiem deu dugc phan ti'ch thinfa phan hda hgc va tinh nang lugng tmdc tfai ngfailm dl lim CO sd phdi fagp khdu pfaan. Sau dd trong qud trinfa tfai nghiem cde mdu thiic an nay dugc phan ticfa lgi faang tuan.
2.4 Bd tri tbi ngfaiem
Thi nghiem duge thyc hiln frln 60 thd lai (dia phuang X New Zealand) 8 tuin tudi cd khdi lugng ca tfai (KLCT) ttamg binfa la 709 ± 19,4 g/con. Thi n ^ l r a dugc thilt kl theo tfal thiic hoan todn nglu nhiin vdi 5 nghiem thiic c6 miic ME la 2100, 2300, 2500, 2700, 2900 kcal/kgDM vd 3 ldn lap lgi. Mdi don vi thi nghiem cd 4 con tfad (2 dye v i 2 eii). Miic ME frong cae khiu phan thi nghiim tang din chii ylu dugc bd sung tir ngudn ning lugng ciia bdp hgt Cdng thiic ciia 5 nghiem thiic dugc frinfa bay ttong Bang 1.
Thd tfai ngfailm dugc cho an 3 lin/ngay, 8 gid cfao an ddy rau lang (dang tuai), 11 gid cho in bap bat va diu nanh hat, 17 gia cho an cd ldng tdy (dang tucri). Nudc sach dugc cung cdp ddy dii cha tfad frong sudt thdi gian thi nghiem. Thdi gian thi nghiem la 10 tuin.
Co 16ng tay DSy rau lang Bap hat gSu nanh hyt 69,6
56,9 38,9 24,5 12,1
8,7 9,8 18,9 24,4 27,3
0 12,2 24,3 35,7 46,6
21,7 21,1 17.9 15.4 .14.0 Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnidng Dgi bgc Cdn Tba Phdn B: Nong nghiip. Thdy sdn vd Cong nghf Sinh hgc: 33 (2014): 36^i
B a n g 1: C d c c8ng t h u c k h l u phSn ( % P M ) ciia tho tfai ngfaiem Muc ME trong khdu phan, kcal/kgDM
2100 2300 2500 2700 2900
2.5 Cic chi tieu theo doi va phuong pfaap thu thdp so lieu
Cic chi tiiu tiieo doi ttong tiii ngfaiem bao gdm:
Lugng fhiic an tieu thu: dugc xac dinh bdng cdch can chinfa xdc khdi lugng tfauc an cho an radi ngiy vd can khdi lugng thiic an thiia vao budi sang hdra sau. Cic loai thiic an cho in fadng ngdy phdi ddm bdo diing ti le nhu ttong Bdng 1 va tdng lugng thiic dn cho in dugc diiu chinfa tfaeo kfadi lugng ca tfal hdng tuin.
~ Miic tang khdi lugng (TKL): dugc xac dinh bdng each cin KLCT ciia tiid thi nghiem hing tudn, sau dd tinh chinh Ilch KLCT ciia thd liic diu vi cudi mdi tuin chia cho 7 ngay dl tinfa raiic TKL hdng ngay cua tuin thi ngfailm dd. Mirc TKL hdng ngdy cua thd sudt qua frinfa thi ngfaiem la ttung binfa raiic TKL hang ngiy d cac tudn thi nghiim.
Khdi lugng ca the ciia tfad dugc can riing le tirng con vio liic 7 gio sing trudc khi cho dn.
Thanh phan hda hgc ciia cac loai thiic in:
dugc pfadn tich gdm cd chdt khd (DM), cfadt faim ca (CM), protein tiid (CP), beo tiid (EE), xo tiid (CF), xa ttung tinfa (NDF, neuttal detergent fiber), xa axit (ADF, axil detergent fiber) va khoang tdng sd.
Chdt khd dugc xdc dinfa bing each say d 105''C ttong 12 gid; CP dugc xac djnh bang phuang phap micro Kjeldhal; EE dugc xic djnh bdng cacfa diing etfayl etiier cfaiit xuit ttong he th6ng Soxhiet; CF dugc xic dinh bang dun sdi vdi dung djch axit suliiiric vi kali hydroxit loing (AOAC, 1990).
NDF dugc phan tich theo qui trinh Van Soest et al (1991) vi ADF dugc phin tich tiieo Robertson and Van Soest (1981); Khoang tdng sd dugc xdc dinh bdng cicfa nung d 550" C ttong 3 gia. Gid fri ME dugc tinh bang cdng thiic di nghi bdi Maertens et ai (2002). Mdu thiic in eung cip vd thiic dn thiia dugc tiiu tiigp di pban tich Id I lan/hiin.
Ti I| tieu hda biiu kiln cdc dudng chdt va nita tich liiy: dugc xac dinfa bdng cich tiiu thgp va cdn lugng thiic in tiiira, phdn va nudc tiiu hdng ngdy. Thdi gian fliyc failn tiu ngfaiem tiiu hoa la 7 ngay liln tuc d giai doan tiid dgt 13-14 tuin tudi tiieo md td McDonald et al (2002). Nudc tiiu
ttong ngdy sau kfai thu thdp, dua vao pfadng;tlii ngfailm de phin ticfa ngay ham lugng nita tdng si.
Tdt cd cac mdu tfaiic dn cho an, thiic an thua va phan dugc say khd d nfaiet do 55°C v i nghien min qua Id ray I mm trudc khi dua vio phdng thi nghiem phan tich.
Chi tieu quay tiiit va chit lugng thit th6:
dugc xac dinh bang cich md khio sit toan bd thd sau khi kit thiie thi nghiem. Quy ttinh rad khio sil thyc hien theo QCVN 01-75:201 l/BNNPTNT (2001) bao gdm can khdi lugng song, khoi lugng thit xe (khoi lugng cdn lai sau kfai cat tilt, bd diu, 4 cfadn tir khiiy chdn ttd xudng, long, da va ngi tang), khdi lugng thit (khdi lugng thit xl sau khi ldc bi toan bO xuang) vd khdi lugng thit diii (khdi lugng dui sau khi ldc bd toan bd xuong dui). Sau do tinh ty ll thit xe (% khdi lugng thjt xe/kfadi lugng sdng), t$ le tfait (% khdi lugng thit/khdi lugng thjt xe) va ty Ie thit diii (% khdi lugng thit dui/kh6i lugng thit xl). Mau thit diing de ddnh gii ch^
lugng la thit than vi thit diii, dugc lay kfaodng 100 g raiu cho vao trong phich cd dimg nudc da de bio qudn va dua ngay vdo phdng thi nghiem xay min (qua Id ray 5 mm) dk phdn tich cae cfai tiiu DM, OM, CP, EE va kfaoing tdng sd (AOAC, 1990) frong ngay.
Cac chi tiiu dich manh ttang bao gdm pH, ammonia (N-NH3), axit beo bay hoi ( A B B g ) , J ) ^ OM vi kfaodng tdng s6, chiing dugc xde'dihJi b S p each cit lay nhanh todn bd manh tting sau khi ml khdo sat, cho vao ttong phich cd dyng nudc di, dua ngay vdo phdng thi nghiera di can khdi lugng, chat chiia manh ttdng v i phdn tich eac chi tiiu djdi manh trang ngay ttong ngay. Gid tri pH duge do bdng mdy pH kl de ban (failu Hanna, sin xuit tai Romania); ABBH dugc xdc dinh theo de nghi ciia Bamett and Reid (1957); NH3, DM va khoang ting s i phdn tich theo AOAC (1990).
2.6 Pfauong phap xu ly s5 lilu
Sd lieu cua thi ngfaiem dugc xu I^ bdng phii mim Minitab 16.1.0.0, tiieo phuang pfadp phdn tich phuang sai ttong md fainh One-way vd so sanfa s^r kfadc biet giQ-a eic ngfailm thiic tlii dung phuong phdp Tukey.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha 3 KET QUA THAO LUAN 3.1 Thdnh phan dudng chat thuc an vd kfaau phan tfai nghiim
Bang 2: Thdnh pfain fada hgc (%DM, ngoai trir DM), phin trong thi nghiem
PhdnB. Nong nghifp. Thiiy sdn vd Cong nghf Sinh hgc: 33 (2014): 36-45 Tfainh phdn duong chit cic logi thiic an va kfadu phin dung frong tiii nghiem duge ttinh bay ttong Bdng 2.
ndng lugng trao ddi ciia cie loai thirc an va khau Thitc an
Co long tay DSy rau lang Bip list Dau nanh hat Nghiem thuc.
DM 17,0 8,25 90,5 80,6 kcalME/kfiDM
OM 88,7 89,1 98,3 95,3
CP 8,63 20,7 9,68 42,6
EE 2,61 7,29 4,58 18,7
CF 29,0 19,4 2,24 12,0
NDF 68,1 41,7 7,38 33,2
ADF 39,5 30,5 5,25 19,3
ME, kcal/IigDM 1671 2355 3379 3355 2100
2300 2500 2700 2900
18,5 89,8 17,1 5,82 20,4 90,9 17,2 6,03 19,8 91,9 17,3 6,40 19.8 92,8 17,2 6,69 20,8 93,8 17,2 6,98
22,9 19,6 16,5 13,5 10,8
57,7 50,3 39,0 34.3 27,5
33,2 29,0 25,1 21,2 17,7
2107 2312 2523 2720 2904 DM: vgt chdi khd, OM: vdt chdt hOu ca, CP: protein thd. EE:
ME: ndng lucmg Irao 3di
Bang 2 cho thay ham lugng CP va ME cua co long tay la th^p nhat, day rau lang a raiic trung binh va dSu ninh hat la cao nliit, bip hat co mijrc ME cao nhung CP thip. Nhin chung, ham lugng du5ng chat cua 4 loai Ihuc an nay thich hgp dung dl can bing duong chit trong khau phin thi ngliifim. Thanh phan duong chat cua day rau lang trong thi nghidm tuong duong voi ket qua phan tich ciia Nguyen Ba Trung and Nguyen Thi Xoan (2010) la 11,5% DM, 22,4% CP va 6,7% EE.
Thanh phan duSng chat ciia co long tSy va ddu nanli trong thi nghiem tuong duong vdi ket qua phSn tich ciia Nguyin Van Thu va Nguyin Tlii Kim Dong (2013) voi co long tSy co 18,6% DM, 13,1% CP, 65,0% NDF, 30,5% ADF; diu ninh CO
beo thd. CF: xa thd, NDF: xa trung linh, ADF: xa axit.
88,7% DM, 42,4% CP, 28,9"/; NDF, 15,6% ADF.
Ham lugng ME trong Idiau phan thirc te thi nghiem it sai lech so voi thiet ke ban diu la 2107, 2312, 2523, 2720 va 2904 kcal/kgDM. Ham lugng CP (17,1-17,3%DM) cua cac nghiem thirc tuong duong nhau. Ham lugng CP va cac thanh phan xo ciia cac khau phan tlri nghiem phd hgp voi cac khuyin cao ciia NRC (1977), INRA (1984), Lebas (2004) va de Bias and Mateos (2010).
3.2 LuQng thijc an va du&ng chat tieu thu ciia tho thi nghiim
Lugng tinic an va cac duSng chat tieu thu cua tho thi nghiem dugc trinh bay trong Bang 3 va Hinhl.
Bang 3: Lirong thirc an v i cdc dirong chit tiln thu (gDM/con/ngiy) cua tho trong thi nghiem L i r ^ g thirc an tiiu thu, gDM/ngiy
Cd long tay Day rau lang Bip hat Diu nanh hat
ME2100 46,6"
5,7' 0,0- 14,4"
Nghiem thirc ME2300
39,5' 6,7'' 8,38' 14,6'
ME2500 30,9«
15,0' 19,3' 14,3"
ME2700 21,2' 21,0' 30,8' 13,2'
ME2900 10,3- 23,4"
39,9"
11,9' SE 0,813 0,239 0,001 0,001
P 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 Cac duong chat tieu lliu
DM OM CP EE CF NDF ADF ME, kcai/con/ngay ME, kcal/kgW°"/ngay
67,0- 60,1' 11,4' 3,89' 15,3"
36,5"
22,2"
141"
109' 69,5''
63,2' 11,9' 4,19' 13,7' 32,7' 20,2' 161' 118"
79,8' 73,3' 13,8' 5,10' 13,2>- 31,1' 20,0' 201' 124'
86,5"
80,3"
14,9"
5,79"
11,7' 27,7' 18,4' 235' 158"
85,9"
80,6"
14,8' 6,00"
9,25' 21,8*
15,2' 249"
167"
0,916 0,810 0,089 0,048 0,309 0,602 0,395 1,49 3,00
0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 Ghi chU: ME2100. ME2300,
2700. 2900 kcal/kgDM: DM.
Irung tinh, xa axil, ndng
ME2500. ME2700. ME2900 ldn lugt Id cdc mitc nang luong trao ddi lit 2100, 2300, 2500.
OM. CP, EE, CF. NDF. ADF. ME: chdi kho. chdi huu ca. protein iho. beo iho. xa tho. xa 'g trao doi; So cung hdng mang chU cdi khdc nhau ihi khdc nhau cd y nghia ihong ke 5%
Tgp cbi Khoa hgc Tntang Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B: Ndng nghidp, Tbiiy sdn vd Cong nghf Sinh hgc: 33 (2014): 36-45 Bang 3 cho tfady lugng tiiu thu cdc logi thiic dn
cua thd thi nghi|m kfaic nhau rit cd y nghia (p<0,001) giira cdc nghiim tinic. Lugng cd Idng tiy tiiu thy giira khi tang ME trong khiu phdn, ttong kfai lugng tiiu thy rau lang vd bdp hgt tang ddn khi tang ME ttong kfadu phin.
Lugng tieu thy cdc dudng cfadt DM, CP va ME cua thd till ngfaiem tdng ddn tir ME 2100 din 2700 kcal/kgDM, ttong kfai lugng tieu tiiu CF, NDF va ADF cd xu hudng gidm tii miic ME 2100 din 2900 kcal/kgDM. Nguyen nhdn lugng tieu tfau tfaiic an vd ME klidng ting tir ME 2700 din 2900 kcal/kgDM cd tfal da thd ty dilu chinfa miic in vdo de thda man nhu cau nang lugng (Robert, 2001).
Xiccato and Trocino (2010) ciing cho rang khi tang ndng lugng khau phin se lam tang miie tiiu thu thiic dn, nhung din khi thda mdn nhu ciu thi miic tiiu thu se giim ttd Igi. Cdc tdc gid cdn cho ring khi tdng miic ME khiu phan den kfaoang 2700 kcal/kgDM thi lugng tiiu thy thiic in cd xu hudng giim Igi. Lugng DM tieu thy cd mdi liln hi vdi miirc ME trong khiu phin theo hara y = 27,5x + 8,66 (R^0,915; SE = 3,06; P = 0,011; Huih I).
Lugng vit chit khd (DM) tiiu tfay (Bang 3) ciia thd thi nghiim tuong duong vdi kit qua ngliiln ciiu cua Nguyen Huu Tara et ai (2009) tren tlid lai nfadn khdu phan gdm rau mudng, bdp cdi vun va hh sung Ilia vdi lugng DM an vdo 43-89 g/con/ngay.
Lugng CP tiiu thu cOa thd thi nghiim tuong duang vdi kit qud nghien ciiu cua Nguyen Xuin Trgeh vd
cty. (2012) ttin did New Zealand an khiu phin gdm rau mudng, cd voi vi bd simg lua vdi lugng CP tieu thy tii 6,9 den 16,8 g/con/ngdy; nhung thdp han kit qud ngfailn eiiu ciia Nguyen Huu Tam et ai (2009) vai CP tiiu tiiu 12.3-20,5 g/con/ngay.
Kit qud cho thdy miic ME khiu phin 2700 kcal/kgDM la tdt hon cho thd tiiu thy cdc dudng chat thiic dn.
y=27.5x+a.(46 - 0,915: SE-=3,06.P = O,0II
MiK ME Irong khiu phan, Mcal/kgDM
Hinh 1: Moi lien h$ giua lugng DM tieu thy va mirc ME trong khau phan 3.3 Tdng trirdng vd failu qud kinfa t^ eua thd thi nghiim
Kit qua theo doi klidi lugng ca thi (KLCT) diu thi ngfaiem, cudi tfai nghi|ra, tang khdi lugng (TKL), hi sd chuyen hda thirc an (FCR) va hieu qua kinh te ciia thd ttong thi nghiim ndy duge trinh biy ttong Bang 4.
Bdng 4: Khoi lugng cu the, tang kfaoi lugng, h^ so chuyen fada tfaiic dn v^ failu qud kinfa ti ciia thd tfai ngfailm Chi tiln
KLCT dau thi nghidm, g/con KLCT cu6i till nghiem, g/con Ting khoi lugng, g/con/ngay FCR
Chi phi thirc in, d/con T6ng chi phi, d/con Tong thu, d/con Lgi nhuin, d/con
ME2100 712 1685' 13,9°
4,83"
52.118 122.118 160.075 37.957
Nghiim thijc ME2300
712 1817"
15,8"
4,41"' 56.453 126.453 172.583 46.130
ME2500 710 2023"
18,8*
4,26"' 67.787 137.787 192.217 54.429
ME2700 705 2133' 20,4"
4,27"
85.862 155.862 202.667 49.972
ME2900 707 2167"
20,9"
4,14' 89.428 159.428 205.833 46.405
SE 16,5 59,4 0,841 0,143
-
P 0,997 0,001 0,001 0,050
Ghi chti: ME2100. ME2300, ME2500, ME27Q0. ME2900 Un luat Id cdc mitc ndng hrang trao ddi tii 2100, 2S00, 2500.
-
2700. 2900 kcal/kgDM: KLCT: khdi lirtrng ca the: FCR: he sd chuyen hda thuc dn: Lfri nhuan - tdng thu - tting chi (chi phi Ihtrc dn + chi phi con gidng): Cdc sd citng hdng mang cdc chir cdi khdc nhau thi khdc nhau cd y nghia thdng ke 5%
Bang 4 cho thay sif TKL ciia th6 a nghiem thiic ME 2700 vi 2900 kcal/kgDM cao hon co y nghia th6ng ke (p<0,05) so voi ME 2100 vi 2300 kcal/kgDM. Tuy nhien khong khic biet co y nghia thdng ke (p>0,05) so voi nghiim thuc IME 2500 kcal/kgDM. Miic TKL cua tiro thi nghiim ting din tir ME 2100 din 2700 kcal/kgDM sau d6 ting
cham lai tir ME 2700 din 2900 kcal/kgDM.
Nghiim thiic o miic ME kh^u phin 2700 kcal/kgDM la tit cho th6 thi nghiem ve TKL.
Khuynh hu6ng TKL ciia thd thi nghiem la tuong tu nliu cic kit qua cua Xiccato and Trocino (2010), Obinne and Mmereole (2010) la khi ting miic ME khiu phin thi mure TKL ting theo vi sau do giam
Tgp cbi Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phan B: Nong nghifp. Thdy san vd Cong nghe Sinh hgc: 33 (2014): 36-45 igi kfai ME tiip tuc ting. Xiccato and Trocino
(2010) cho bill miic TKL ciia thd cd mdi liln he vol DE tiiu thy (r = 0,93). Trong thi nghiim nay cung tim thiy TKL (y, g/con/ngdy) cd mdi liln he vdi lugng ME lilu thu (x, kcal/con/ngay) theo ham:
y = 5,33 + 0,064x (SE = 0,501; R^ = 0,979; P = 0,001; Hinh 2).
Thd lai ttong thi ngliilm nay cd KLCT liic kit tiiiic tili nghi?m (Bang 4) la hi 1685 din 2167 g, miic TKL la 13,9-20,9 g/con/ngdy va FCR Id 4,14- 4,83. Cac gia tri nay Id tuang duang miic TKL ciia thd thi nghiim ciia Nguyen Ba Trung and Nguyen Thi Xoan (2010) ttin thd lai dn cd va thiic an hdn hgp li 19,2 g/con/ngiy va FCR Id 4,85.
Gid tti FCR d ngliilm tinic ME 2900 kcal/kgDM thdp nhdt vd kfadc bilt cd y nghia thdng kl (p<0,05) so vdi ngfaiem tinic ME 2100 kcal/kgDM, nhung kfadc nhau kfadng y ngfaTa thdng ke (p>0,05) so vdi cdc nghiim thiic khdc. Chi phi thiic an, tdng chi phi vi t6ng thu tir bin thd tang din tii nghiem tinic ME 2100 din 2900 kcal/kgDM. Trong dd, nghiem tinic ME 2500 kcal/kgDM cd lgi nhuan cao nhit, ke den la cae nghiim thiic ME 2700, 2900, 2300 vi 2100
kcal/kgDM. l^lhu vdy, nghiim tfaiic cd miic ME ttong khdu phdn tii 2500-2700 kcal/kgDM cho thd tfait lai d DBSCL hiiu qua kinh t l cao hon cdc miic ME cdn lai.
R ' = 0,97^, SE = OJOl; P - 0,001
100 120 140 160 laO 200 220 240 260 Lu^ng ME <i£u thu, kcal/cod/ngiiy
Hinfa 2: Mdi lien he giira muc TKL va miic ME tiiu thu
3.4 Quay thjt vi duong chat thit ciia thd thi nghiim
Kit qua nghien ciiu ve quay thit va dudng ehit thjt than, thit diii cua thd ttong thi nghiim dugc ttinh biy trong Bing 5.
Bang 5: Tfadnfa ph^n quiy thit vd chit lugng tfait ciia tfao thi nghiim
• = ' " ' " " ME2100 KLsong, g 1685' KLthitxe,g 943' Ti 11 thit xe, % 55,9 KLthit, g 716' Tilethit, % 75,9 KLthit diii, g 354 Tile thit dui, % 41,2 Thinh phin duSng chat thit than, %
DM 23,8' OM 23,5' CP 20,2 EE 0,406' Klioing tong so 0,357
ME2300 1817"
1057"' 58,2 748"
72,6 422 39,8 25,3"' 24,9"' 19,6 0,417"' 0,353
Vghilm thirc ME2500
2023"' 1173"
58,0 877'"
74,8 464 39,6
"-"^s^
25,7"
25,4"
20,4 0,459"
0,328 ME2700
2133"
1237*
57,9 947"' 76,7 485 41,8
"^^^Bi^-TS^
26,3"
25,9"
20,1 0,468"
0,404 ME2900
2167"
1327"
61,4 1016"
76,6 485 39,5
^ . r ^ - ' 26,5"
26,1"
20,0 0,480"
0,400
SE P 59,4 0,001 65,3 0,015 2,96 0,773 47,6 0,005 1,27 0,213 43,0 0,231 0,95 0,387 0,405 0,007 0,415 0,009 0,338 0,478 0,017 0,046 0,045 0,710 Thinh phin duSng chit thit diii, %
DM 23,9 OM 23,6 CP 19,7 EE 0,440 Khoing tong so 0,3 71
24,0
• 23,7 19,8 0,426 0,321
24,8 24,4 20,1 0,405 0,37
25,1 24,8 20,6 0,424 0,347
24,9 24,6 19,7 0,468 0,339
0,518 0,397 0,521 0,402 0,253 0,116 0,015 0,135 0,041 0,892 Ghi chu: ME2I00, ME2300. ME2500. ME2700, ME2900 ldn lugl Id cdc muc nang lupng trao doi lit 2100. 2300. 2500, 2700, 2900 kcal/kgDM; KL: khdi lugng. DM: vgi chdt khd. OM: vdl chdt hiru ca, CP: dgm Iho. EE: beo iho; Cdc chirsd Cling hdng mang cdc chit cdi khdc nhau thi khdc nhau cd y nghia ihong ke 5%
Bing 5 cho tiiay khi tdng miic ME ttong khiu pfain tfai khoi lugng tfait xl va khdi lugng thit tdng
din cd y nghia (p<0,05), nhung khdng inh hudng din ti ll thit xe, ti 11 thit, khdi lugng thit diii va ti ll
Tap chi Khoa hgc TrudngDgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B: Nong ngbifp. ThOy sdn vd Cong ngh? Sinb hgc: 33 (2014): 36-45 tiiit dial (p >0,05). Ham lugng DM, OM va EE ciia
thit than tang len cd </ nghia (p <0,05) klii tang ME khdu phin bing cdch tang din bdp hat ttong khdu phin, nhung kfadng cd anh hudng din ham lugng CP vd khoang tdng sd (p >0,05). Tuy nhien, tang miic ME ttong khiu phdn khdng cd anli faudng den tiianh phdn duang chit cua thit dui (p >0,05). Kit qud nay la phii hgp vdi ngfailn ciiu ciia Butcher et ai (1981), khi tdng miic ME ttong khiu phdn tii 1912 din 2868 kcal/kgDM bdng cich tang din liia mach lam tang hdra lugng DM va EE cua thit, nhung khdng cd dnh faudng din ti ll thit xe, him Bang 6: Lugng tieu thu, ti le tieu fada (%) biiu kien
tfal nghidm
iugng CP v i kfaoang tdng sd ciia tiiit. Tuong tu, kit qua ciia thf nghiim Obume and Mmereole^ (2010) Cling cho thiy khi ting ndng lugng ttong khau phin bdng each tdng ddn bip khdng inli hudng den ti ll thit xe cda thd.
3.5 Ti 11 tiiu hda bilu kien va nito ticfa IGy cua tfad thi nghiem
Ti 11 tiiu hda bieu kiin cdc dudng chdt vd nito tich luy cua thd d cac miic ME trong khau phin dugc ttinh bay trong Bang 6.
cdc dudng chdt tfairc an va nitu tich luy cua tho
ME2100
Nghiem thiic
ME2300 ME2S00 ME2700 ME2900 SE P
Luong tieu thu cic duong chit, g/con/ngiv DM
OM CP EE CF NDF ADF ME, kcal/con/ngay
64,4' 57,8' 11,0' 3,36' 14,2"
35,3"
21,0"
137' 68,2' 62,0' 11,6' 3,92' 13,9' 33,1' 19,8' 158'
75,1"
68,9' 12,9"
4,22"
13,0' 30,4' 19,0' 189'
77,3"
71,6*
13,3"
3,98*
10,3' 24,6"
16,2"
211' 77,7"
72,9"
13,2"
4,19"
8,29'
0,854 0,001 0,756 0,001 0,089 0,001 0,046 0,001 0,336 0,001 19,4' 0,600 0,001 13,7'
225"
0,426 0,001 1,29 0,001 Ti le tieu hoa cac duiing chit, %
DM OM CP EE CF NDF ADF
63,8' 64,0' 85,0 85,7 33,3' 50,7' 41,2'
67,9*
68,5"
85,7 86,5 36,8"' 53,6"
44,1"
71,4"
72,0"
86,8 88,2 40,9"
55,9"' 46,8"
73,7*
74,9"
86,3 89,3 44,1"
56,9"
48,2"
76,8"
77,9"
86,6 89,7 47,8"
56,4"
48,9"
2,15 0,013 2,11 0,007 0,885 0,643 1,45 0,296 1,29 0,001 0,637 0,001 0,786 0,001 Su can bing dam
N an vio, g/con N tich IQy, g/con, " • ^?^=^
N tich liiy/N an vio, %
1,75' 1,18' 67,5
1,86' 1,27"' 68,4
2,07"
1,37"
66,0 2,13"
1,39"
65,4 2,11"
1,39"
65,7
0,014 0,001.
0,040 0,016 2,01 0,796 Ghi chd: ME2100 ME2300. ME2500, ME2700, ME2900 ldn lugl Id cac muc ME lit 2100. 2300 2500, 2700, 2900 kcal/kgDM: DM. OM. CP, EE. CF, NDF. ADF: chdt kho, chdt hitu ca, protein tho, beo Iho. xcr Iho. xo Irung tinh, xa axil; N: nito; Cdc chir so citng hdng mang cdc chir cdi khdc nhau Ihi khdc nhau co y nghia ihdng ki 5%
Bang 6 cfao tfady lugng tieu tfau cdc dudng chdt trong giai dogn xdc dinh ti le tiiu cd xu hudng nhu ttong Bing 3. Miic ME khau phan tang lam tang ti I| tiiu hda CO y nghia cac dudng chdt DM, OM, CF, NDF, ADF, lugng N an vao va N tich luy (p
<0,05); tuy nhien khdng dnh hudng din ti le tiiu hda eiia CP, EE va N tich luy/N dn vdo (p >6,05).
Ti ll tieu hda DM (y, %) va ME khdu phin (x, kcal/kgDM) cd mdi liln he tuyen tinh vcd nhau theo hdm: y = 0,016 x + 30,8 (R^ = 0,991; SE = 0,563; P = 0,001). Ti 11 tiiu hda NDF (y, %) va ME khau phdn (x, kcal/kgDM) c6 radi liln he vdi
nhau tiieo him: y = 36,2 + 0,007x (R^ = 0,834; SE
= 1,20; P = 0,030). Nita tich luy (y, g/con) ciing cd mdi lien he voi ME khiu phin (x, kcal/kgDM) theo ham: y - 0,657 + 0,0003x (R= = 0,855; SE = 0,040;
P = 0,024). Kit qua nghiin ciiu cua Butcher e/ al (1981) eung cho thiy ti le tiiu hda DM tang tii 38,2 din 71,9% v i NDF tang tir 18,9 din 44,3% khi tdng miic ME ttong kfaiu phan tii 1912 din 2868 kcal/kgDM bdng cdch tang ddn liia mgch. Kit qui ngjiien ciiu ciia Abou-Ela et al. (2000) ttin thd New Zealand x Californian cho tiidy khi tdng miic ME trong khau phdn hi 2313 den 2943 kcal/kgDM
Tgp cbi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn B: Ndng nghifp. Thiy sdn vd Cdng nghi Sinh hgc: 33 (2014): 36-45 bing cdch tdng din liia mgch thi tang dugc ti ll tiiu
hda DM tir 55,8 din 74,5%, OM tir 58,8 din 75,8%
vdCF tii 31,6 din 39,6%.
Ti ll tiiu hda NDF, ADF vd N tfch luy ttong thi ngfailm ndy tang tii nghiim thiic ME 2100 den 2500, 2700 kcal/kgDM vd sau dd tdng chdm lai.
Nhu vdy, miic ME cua kfaiu phin tii 2500-2700
kcal/kgDM Id tdt cho syr tieu hda xa vd N ticfa luy ciia thd tili nghiim nay.
3.6 Cdc chi tieu djch manfa tring ctia tfad thi nghiim
Kit qua phan tich eic ehi tieu dich manfa trang cua thd cho an khau phdn d cdc miic ME khac nfaau dugc trinfa bdy ttong Bang 7.
Bang 7: Cdc cfai tiiu dich manh trang ciia tbd tbi ngfailm Chi tieu
ME2W0
Nghiem thirc
ME2300 ME2500 ME2700 ME2900 SE P
Chit chiia manh trang, g Dang tuoi DM OM pH NHi, mg/lOOmg ABBH, romol/g
83,3 15,6 15,3 6,19"
65,3' 88,0'
73,7 14,9 14,7 5,89"
75,0' 103'
69,3 13,8 13,5 5,78"
74,7' 103'
59,7 13,4 13,1 5,72*
83,5"
108*
57,3 7,16 0,139 12,1 1,38 0,479 11,9 1,63 0,470 5,62" 0,079 0,004 85,3* 1,39 0,001 113^ 1,87 0,001 Ghi chu: ME2100, ME2300, ME2500. ME2700. ME2900 ldn lugt Id cdc muc ME lit 2100. 2300, 2500, 2700, 2900 kcal/kgDM; DM: vgt chdt kho, OM: vdt chdt hihi ca. ABBH: axil beo bay hoi; Cdc chir so ciing hdng mang cdc chir cdi khdc nhau thi khdc biel nhau coy nghia thong ki 5%
Bdng 7 cho thdy lugng cfaat cfaiia ttong manh ttang cd xu faudng gidm ddn khi tdng miic ME ttong khiu phin (tii 15,6 din 12,1 gDM), nhung su khac bilt khdng cd y nghia thdng kl giiia cac nghiem thiic (p >0,05). Khi tang mirc ME trong khdu phin tir 2100 din 2900 kcal/kgDM bdng each tang dan bap hgt, thi gid tti pH manfa ttang giim din vi khic nhau cd y nghTa thdng kl (p <0,05), ttong kfai ham lugng NH3 vd ABBH manh ttdng tdng ddn vi klidc nhau cd ^ nghia thdng ke (p
<0,05) giiia cdc nghiim thiic. Hinh 3 cho thay chat chiia raanh ttang (R^0,968) va ABBH (R^0,872) cd mh\ liln he tuyin tinh vdi mire ME trang khdu pfadn. Xu faudng tfaay ddi cic cfai tiiu dicfa manh ttang trong thi nghiim nay tuang tu vdi su ghi nhdn ciia Chao and Li (2008) Id kfai tang miic ME ttong khiu phan cd cd ba Id khd, ram lua mi, vd dau pfadng, bdp va bdt ddu nanh tir 2105 din 2561 kcaWcgDM tiii lugng cfaat chiia ttong manh ttang vd pH giam dan xudng, ttong khi hdm lugng NH3 vd ABBH tdng din lln.
Tfaeo xu hudng dd cac chi tieu nay tot dan len tir nghiim thiic ME 2100 den ME 2900, nhung giaa nghidm tiiiic ME 2700 vd 2900 cae chi tieu niy rat tt khic biet (p >0,05). Do vay chiing ta cd till tiiiy la miic ME khdu phdn tii 2500-2700 kcal/kgDM la tdt vi cdc chi tieu dich manh ttdng cuathd thi ngfaiem.
Mijc ME lione khiu phifl, LcallligDM
Hinh 3: M^i lien hi gJira lugng chat chd^ va ABBH ciia manh trang vdi muc ME trong khau pbaa
4 KET LUAN
Trong dieu kiln thi nghiim nay chiing tdi kit luan nhu sau:
Khi tang nang lugng ttao ddi ttong khiu phin tfad lai (dia phuang x New Zealand) tang trudng tii 2100 din 2700 kcal/kgDM da cdi tiiien din su tan dung thiic an, nang suit tang ttuong, nita tieh luy, chit Iugng qudy thit vd cac chi tieu dich raanh ttang ciia thd.
Miic nang lugng trao ddi khdu phdn tdt cho tfad Iai (dia phuang x New Zealand) ting trudng d Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long la tii 2500 den 2700 kcal/kgDM vdi bdp la ngudn thiic in bd sung ndng Iugng.
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