Tgp ehi Khoa hge Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hgc Xahgi, Nhdn van va Gido due: 34 (2014): 13-19 g
Tap chi Khoa hoc Tru'dng Dai hpc Can Thd
website: sj.ctu.edu.vn 1
MOT SO VAN D £ VE VAN BAN mroQVG irdC CHir HAN THE KY XVn - XVra CUA CHOSON
Do Thj Ha Tho'
' ATioa Suphgm Ngu vdn-Su- Dia, Trudng Dgi hgc Dong TTuip Thong tin chung:
Ngaynhdn: 13/08/2014 Ngdy cA^ nhgn: 31/10/2014 TUle:
Some respects about village regulation documents in Choson-Chinese scripts of Choson dynasty in the XVII and XVIII century Tu khda:
Hucmg udc, huong udc Choson, huang udc elm Hdn Choson thi ky XVII - XVlU.
bg suu tap huang udc chu- Hdn Choson Keywords:
Village regulations, Choson village regulations, Choson village regulations in Choson-Chinese scripts in the XVII and XVIII century, collection of Choson village regulations of Choson- Chinese scripts
ABSTRACT
The period of the XVII and XVIU century, Choson society fell seriously in the human dignity crisis. As a result, the establishment of an order society based on the confucianist principle became more urgent. On the basis of being open to ideas from two village regulations of China, which was
"Lam Dien La Ihi village regulations" and "Chu Tu tang ton La Thi village regulations", the Choson confitcians "recreated" them following the requirements of contemporary society with the rules of conducts, customs, offences and troubles. Village regukaions in the XVII century had three copies, and in the XVIU century had six copies. The number of village regulations in the XVIU century proved their roles as well as their effects on the era problems. In 1986. the collection of village regudOums in Choson-Chinese scripts which were established and evaluated to be a big set of modem thoughts of the feudal intellectuas.. Besides that, these village regulations r^ected the tasks of preserving traditional cultures and strategy of training human resources - a modem Choson society.
TOM TAT
Giai dogn thi ky XVII - XVIU, xd hgi Choson rai vdo khdng hodng nhdn phdm nghiim trgng, doi hoi thiet Igp trgt tu xd hdi dua trin nguyin ly Nho gido trd nin cdp thiit han. Trin ca sd tiep thu y tudng tu hai bdn huang udc cua Trung Qudc Id Lam Diin Ld Thi huang udc vd Chu Tu tdn^ tdn Ld Thi huang udc, cdc nhd Nho Choson "khudn ndn " lgi theo yeu cdu xa hdi duang thdi, vdi cdc quy dinh ve due nghiip, li tuc, qud thdt vd hogn^
ngn. Hucmg udc thi ky XVU co tong cgng 3 bdn. thi ky XVIU Id 6 bdn. Sd lugng huong udc thi ky XVIII minh chdng cho vai tro cSng nhu tdc ddng cua huong udc ddi vdi cdc vdn de thdi dgi. Ndm 1986, bg suu tap huang udc chu Hdn Choson ra ddi, dugc ddnh gid Id tap dgi thdnh tu tudng tdn tien da tri thdc Choson. Ddng thdi fdimi dnh cdng cudc gin giu vdn vdn hda truyin thong vd chiin luac xdy difng con ngudi — xd hgi Choson thdi hien dgi.
Vuang trieu Choson (Tridu Tidn S ^ ) ' (1392- 1910) dugc thdnh lap sau cudc ddo chiJih gan nhu ' Choson (Trieu Tidn S ^ ) : La ten goi cfaung cho ca Trieu Tien va Han Qudc trudc cuoc chidn tranh nam bdc xay ra d the kj' XX (nam 1953). Vinnig tridu nj^, do tudng I Seong- gye (Ly Thanh Qui) sang lap nam 1392.
khdng dd mdu cua dong hg Ly ddi vdi ddng hp V u o i ^ Sy chi^dn ddi trieu dai ddnh ddu budc chiQidn ddi tu tudng quan tigng dnh hudng tryc tidp ddn cdng cuOc kidn tao ddt nude ciia cd vuong trieiL Trong dd, vi«; van dyi^ Tdn Nho ^ a o va huai^ udc dugc xem nhu each ^dl quyet hiiu bieu nhung ran nftt vd tha hda dao dftc xa hOL Tu cudi
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Truong Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hgcXa hgi, Nhdn vdn vd Gido due: 34 (2014): 13-19 thd ky XVI ttd vl sau, vuang tridu Choson xdy ra
nhiing ttanh chap ndi bp, nhin^ bidn ddi thdi cudc da dgt cdc nhdn sT tmdc nhiing sy lya dign mdi. Va qirydt djnh thodi lui efta mOt sd sT dgi phu tidn bd phai Sarim (ST lam -kl^f tao ra budc ngoat mdi cho sy phdt tridn van hda lang xS: giup pai quylt nhiing cdr^ vi|c hanh chmh ndng iidi^ d ^ phuong, tu van cho quan vidn ttong td chftc Yuhyangso (Luu Huong sd ® ^ ; ^ ) . Dong tiidi di gdp sftc gido hda chiing ddn va dn dinh Idng r^udi nai thdn xdm, cde sTphu Sarim (ST ldm Tt#.) ^ chftc djch cudn Yeossi Hyangyak (La Thj huang udc S ^isp.^) vd tiin tdi vide phd bidn ttong toan ddn.
1 KHAI QUAT VE HUONG THCfl CHOSON
Di tft ca tdng san xudt ndng n^idp, ngudi ddn Choson sdng trong tdng hda cac mdi quan hp d don vj tu eu nhdt djnh dugc ggi Id huang. Cd didu khdi nidm huong d Choson rat rdng. Thdi Koryo S M, (918 - 1392) chia dat nude thdnh ba khu vuc ldn:
Don^ye (Ddng gidi ^ • ^ ) , Bukgye (Bdc gidi 3h^) vd Yanggye (Ludng gidi ffi-/^). Khu vyc phia nam Yanggye ^-f^ dugc cltia dgt thanh 5 dao i i (tinh ^), dudi dgo la muc 4i., dum muc Id quan Sp, huyen ^. Tridu duih Koryo ^ JS, dd cu quan Suiyeong (Thu Idnh -S"-^, tftc Qudn tiiu ^ ^ v d Huydn Idnh H;-^) cai qudn ciing vdi cdc the luc ed xuat thdn tu hdo tOc dia phuong. Ngoai ra, tridu dai Koryo ilb M, cdn thidt Idp nhung khu vuc hdnh chinh dac thu vdi tdn gpi nhu sd ftt, bd khue Sp A, huong
^ . . . theo nhu eau vd didu kien sdn xuit phu hgp dd cung ling vgt phdm cdn thidt cho ddt nude. Ching ban, ddn d sd ldm thu cdng nghidp, dan d bO khftc vd huong thi lo san xuat ndng nghidp (Ban bidn sogn giao ttinh Hdn Qudc hgc, 2005).
Ddn vuang ttidu Choson chia dat nude thdnh 8 dgo gdm: Pyeongan - do (Binh An dao -^-S^it), Hwanghae - do (Hodng Hdi dao - ^ ^ i i . ) , Gyeonggi do (Kinh Ky dgo ^ ^ i ^ : ) , Chungcheong - do (Trung Thanh dao ;fe>|-i|:), Jeolla - do (Todn La dao ^ f t i S ) , Gyeongsang - do (Khdnh Thugng dao J t ^ i t ) , Gangwon - do (Giang Nguyen dgo ii^i^-it), Hamgyeong - do (Hdm Kinh dao ^ ^ i t ) dudi dgo Id qudn Sp, huydn H^. Cung gidng nhu tiidi ky Koiyo ^ E , vi quan cai qudn q u ^ huy^n dugc ggi Id Suryeong
Sp-M",dudiSuryeongSlJ-^ia cac Huong lai jBPjt(Ban bidn soan giao ttinh Han Qudc hpc, 2005). Cac Huong lai cd nhidm vy nhgn vd thuc thi cac chi thj cda Suryeong Sp^K" vd cdc vdn de hdnh chmh, qudn sy, phap ludt d dja phuang. Ben canh cde don vi do nhd nude ldp ndn, d tung dja phuang cdn lap nen nhihig ^ chftc ty quan vdi ten gpi Yuhyangso (Ltm Huong sd @SP^) do yangban (ludng ban ^3^f qudn I^. Nhitt^ ngudi didu hdnh Yuhyangso § ^ftt cd nhidm vu ^do hda chiing dan vd xem xet nhiir^
vide Iam cua Suryeong S p ^ .
NIU budi ddu huang #p chi co cym trong phgm vi efta nhung ngucri ldm ndng nghiep thi den ddy huang xudt hidn vdi tu cdch eua mdt dan vj hdnh chinh rdng ldn han tuang duong vdi cip quan Sp, cap huydn ^, ddi khi cdn sdnh ngang vdi mOt tinh
^. Dudi huang ^ Id didn S tuong duang vdi cdp xd ^ d Viet Nam, dudi dipn fi Id Ii M. tuang duong vdi cdp thdn d Viet Nam. Vdi mdt pham tru rdng ldn nhu vdy, cac cap eau thdnh huang dugc xdp ddt theo sd hO gia dinh ttong timg dan vj tao thdnh mdt gudng mdy nhdt djnh, van hanh theo ca chl phuc tftng efta cip dudi ddi vdi cip ttdn. Theo kd cuu, pham vi cua huong gdm khodng 125.000 gia dinh. Trong Chu li M^ (Trung Qudc) ghi ro cdp dp cua huong nliu sau:
1 huang ^ = 5 chau ^ , 1 chdu ^H = 5 ddng It, 1 ddng t = 5 tdc :i^, 1 tOc J^ = 4 lu fel, 1 lu r^ = 5 bi tb, 1 bi tb = 5 gia ^ . Nhu vdy, pham vi cua huang ^ tang tiieo cip sd nhan cua bi t t , lu F4, tgc :^, ddng $ , chdu W.
Thyc hidn phep tinh^sad^i^^g^—dudi ttong huong la 1 2 5 . 0 0 0 ; " ' S i h ^ v r f i ^ ^ v i ' h u a n g d Choson rdt rOng, khdng phai Id don vj cip ca sd ttong he thdng hdnh chinh d dja phuang nhung sftc manh phdp 1^ cda huong mang tinh ddng bO vd CO sy chi phdi sdu sdc vd mgi mat ddn ddi sdng nhdn dan.
2 VAN BAN HUONG i r d C C H C HAN CHOSON THE KY XVII - XVIH
Theo nghidn eiiu, huang udc Choson chiu anh hudng sau sdc tft hai bdn huong udc eua Trung Qudc Id Lam Diin Ld Thi huang udc
^ ffl S ^#P.^ tiidi Bdc Tdng va bdn Chu Tu tdng ldn Ld Thi huang udc ^^i^ikS^^^ tiidi Nam Tong. Vide xuc tiin tridn khai huang udc d - Sarim (ST ISm i # . ) : D6i ngu quan lgi Nho giao tte
1. ^ Yangban (ludng ban ^ # ) : Quan lai hai ban van ve.
Choson duoc gidi nhan si quan .am sal sao ma dai l i u t a -an" ¥ b6n tfto m i l cMt trong i<».
LBoson OU9C Biui u ^ H g ; ^ ^ j j , fc,,,^ , ^ , 4 soa„ Duo ra nhung bieu 14 Km, Nhan Pham * : ^ « - "8«™ ™ " ban huong uoc phi hop voi Snh hinh ±uc I« cua Duong, dnh Khanh Thugng. Thang 6 nam Trung " ^ Jf " " " ^
Tong 12 (1516), ong dang so xin ap dung huong nuocmmn.
udTdl giao due dan nhung khong duoc phe duyet Hien nay, hau het cac ban huong UKK cua Nam Tning Tdng 13 (1517), quan Tri nung Xu phu tarason deu dugc suu tam, tap hop va xuat tan su 14 Kim An Qu6c * * a da,« so xin vua uiyln ttong sach TriiB " f i f i l l ^ ' i T ^ T dich huong u T v I ban Cfa K ^ '6n La TV si lieu ,ing ll.. « * J f t U t - t ^ S i t W t * , h,«mg udc ngan gim * ^ ^ J t « a « . » « « » ra do hai tac gia Kun Nhan Kiet * f c * va Han doi ( 4 4 i * « « « , 198*)- Ban Chu Ti iSng Ion Tuong Quy&i « « « bien soan, Bao Canh van M T W A i / ^ i n i c ngon g i a dugc bien soan voi nS hoa xa ft* SL-ltit phat hanh, dugc in an v i phat luc dich giai ban Cfta 7i> long ldn La Vu huang bjnh vao thang 10 nam 1986 tai Seoul, Han Quoc.
uac bang chir Han ben canh nguyen tac chu Han x u n chung, cac van ban huong uoc dii viet acac ctia Chu Tii. Tir do ttodi, cac bac tuc Nho Choson giai doan khac nhau, song ten ggi chii yeu van li tiip tuc triln khai van dung ban Chu Tu long Ion huong unc. Trong Triiu Tien thai dai xa hoi si La Thi huang uac ngan giai din loan dan. Tir ban ngAien cuu si Mu timg Ihu quyln 1 co cac tan huong udc ciia Chu Tir, cac nha nho Choson huong udc sau.
Bing 1: S£ luvng vin ban huong u*c chfr Han cua Choson or cac thofi ky khic nhau trong Triiu nin Ihii igi xahgi si mgh'iin du su liiu ling Ihu quyen 1
Stt Tea yiu baa NiSttdai
euanxCWBAuOT.guijiri«'u»iBcitW*fa»a Nam 1455 Chu Tu Idng ldn Ld TM huang udc nggn gidi ^^^^ S ^ * f ^ 1 i ^ Nam 1517 3 Huang udc lapmium*SiL» Nam 1556 4 PhaChauhuanguaclu^nn*)^ Nam 1560 5 Tdy Nguyen huanguacAltn^ Nam 1571 6 HdiChduhmmgudc'^nn^ Nam 1578
7 HdiChdunhdthuangudclhvcnn-ilfmii CuoidjekyXVl 8 ^niMngAu<mgu<fc«*.«f« Nam 1602
9 Mdi Duang hmmgudc nmn*) Nam 1648 10 Bdn KM huang udc *^mn Cudi the kJ XVn 11 Huangudclhatgbiinnn-^9. Nam 1706 12 Thuong Chdu huang udc mnn^ Nam 1730 13 BdoJnhuas&!^^u^^M3ff^*B Nam 1747 14 ThudnHirSplSTiSSrlgiidcliilmuc^KSifi^WB Nam 1765 15 KimPhddienhtongudcliilvdn'km^SfSlWX Nam 1771 16 Huang li hap bien n^-^» ^ Nam 1797 17 Xichlhdnhphuang huong udc c^n Id hoc nil muc iS,i^#i^^^^^U Nam 1801 18 rayA^guven/dnfang/tuonginic S.^*r.*tl*P*^) Nam 1871 19 Huangudcldiilhiip*Hf!mit Nam 1888 20 Huang li lam luydn Ifi^^i^ Nam 1888 21 Quan Bdc huong udc IS^lff^ Nam 1890 22 NamNguyenphihuangu6ctiillhilhdnhsdch^^Mllf^^^&9i nam 1893 23 M n i n g u D c W e / p a m u c t P f t R a a Nam 1893 24 Huang udc chuangIrinh 10^^-$^M. Nam 1894 25 VuDdng£inDSnSanhuanguactiilmuc^ii^'^Jilefi^i^S Nam 1904 26 BdcNhdti£enTayVmhhuongudcliilmucjt—SiS^lSfi^^U Nam 1904 27 HoaDuangdgnghuangudcliilvdn^J^j^llfi^wX Nam 1904 28 Kinh udc sd huang udc chuang Irinh %i^f^it^f^'^^ Nam 1904
Tgp ehi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hge Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hge Xd hgi. Nhan van vd Gido dye: 34 (2014): 13-19
Stt Tdn van ban Nien dai
29 Khe udc chucmg Pinh ^^^M.
30 DiXuyin huang udc tiit muc ^))\9^^^n 31 Nguyin Long Ddm Chuxuyin huang udc ? t ^ ^ ^ l l | ^iM]
32 Tuang trg udc tga muc ^^^i^M. S 33 Quan Bdc huang udc M J b ^ ^
34 Cao Tj qudn mgu trudng huang chinh dn i^ffit^^-fei^p^jE^
Nam 1905 Nam 1905 Nam 1924 Nam 1925 Nam 1932 Nam 1937 Theo didu tra budc ddu cua Pham Thi Thuy
Vinh cd 4 vdn bdn thudc dja phan Bdc Choson ngdy nay Id: Hdi Chdu huang udc, Hdi Chdu nhdt huang udc thuc the ky XVI, 2 bdn Qimn Bdc huang udc d thi ky XIX vd thd ky XX. Va hdu hdt cdc van bdn hucmg udc efta Choson ddu dugc tim thdy ttong cdc ttudc tdc cua cae bdc tuc nho khi "viet vi cdc linh vifc chinh tri, kinh ti, xd hgi, triit hgc, lich su nhu: Tu Nghiim chi, quyin 1; Lgt Cdc todn thu, Bdc Nhai tien sinh vdn tap, tap 3; Huong li hgp biin, quyin 2; Tiiy luc, quyin 9; Mat Chdu trung tin luc, quyin 2...
Trong qud khu cd thi cd nhung vdn bdn hucmg udc ciia Triiu Tien da tung duac luu giii trong Bang 2: Sa luge ngi dung 7 van ban huong udc dugc
cdc Idng xa di xdy dicng, chdn ehinh ky cuang, phong tuc cua huang thdn" (Pham Thj Thu^'
Vinh, 2005).
Va 09 ban huang udc tiid k^ XVII - XVIII chung toi khdo cuu ddu trich tft Triiu Tien thdi dgi xa hdi su nghiin ciiu sie lieu titng Ihu quydn 1 do Pham Thi Thuy Vinh d Vidn Nghidn cftu Han Ndm, Vi$n Khoa hgc Xa hOi Viet Nam mang vd nude sau khi kdt thftc dgt nghidn cftu d Hdn Qudc nam 2003. Chin vdn bdn ndy ddu thuOc dia phdn nam Choson ngay nay. Do thdi gian cd hgn, chung tdi tuyen dich, gidi thi?u 7 van bdn ttong sd 9 vSn bdn huong udc Choson thdi ky ndy gdm:
tuydn dich Stt Tdn van ban So trang Npi dung
An Ddng huang udc
~ Bdn didu mdu chdt quy djnh cdch ftng xd: Due nghiip tuong khuyin, Li tuc tucmg giao, Qud thdt tuang quy, Hogn ngn tucmg ludt.
- Tidu chudn bdu chgn ngudi dan dat ddn: Dd udc chinh, Udc chinh, Thugng huu ty, Hg hihi ty, Tryc nguydt...
- Hpi hgp: ngay mdng 1 hdng tiiang dgc udc phdp;
ngdy 16 quan Dd udc chinh hgp vdi quan TJdc chinh ludn vide khen, triing ca nhdn theo chudn 4 didu mau chdt; Id Gidng tin ky xuan thu cdng bd udc phap.
Mat Ducmg 2 huang udc
- Bdn didu mau chdt quy djnh each iing xft: Due nghiip tuong khuyin, Li tuc tuong giao, Qud thdt tucmg quy, Hogn ngn tuong tudt.
- Ndm Mau Ty ddi vua Nhan Tdng: Cu thd 4 didu mdu chdt trdn va cdc mifc phat tuong ftng, dua ra tidu chuan bdu chgn r ^ d i dan dat dan.
- Ndm Binh Thdn ddi vua Hidn Tong: Quy dinh tidu chudn tidn eft ngudi vdo cdc vi tti trong trudng hgc, bdu eft cdc chftc vu trong huang nhu Thidn tdng, Hdrtii thu, Thft Iai, Dd sft l?nh, Lgi phdng...
- Nam At Sftu ddi vua Cao Tdng: B6n didu mdu chdt quy djrtii cdch hdnh xft ca nhdn; quan Tryc nguyet ghi didu tdt xau vdo sd dd ran ttung; phan vi tri chd ngdi, ttinh ty, cdch ddn ddt cac cdp bdc vdo hanh le vdi cua quan Tryc nguyet vao ky hOi hgp huong ddng.
- Ndm Mau Ddn ddi vua Cao Tdng: NOi dung quy dinh gidng nhu ndm At Suu.
- Nam Ky Sftu ddi vua Cao Tdng: Quy dinh gidi quylt cdc vide ttong huang dang efta quan Udc chinh, Tryc
16
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phan C: Khoa hge Xd hgi, Nhdn van vd Gido difc: 34 (2014): 13-19 Stt Ten van ban So trang Ngi dung
Bdn Khi huong 3 udc
nguydt; tu sura dudng sd, cdu kidu, ttdng cay phft hoang ddi ttgc; tm ai ngudi cd hgc; hdnh xft trudc nhung vide hull sy eua ngudi khdc.
Thugng Chdu 4 huang udc
- Bdn didu mdu chdt quy djnh each ftng xft: Due nghiip tuang khuyin, Li tuc tuang giao, Qud thdt tuang quy, Hogn ngn tuong tudt.
- Phan vj tti chd ngdi, trinh ty, each ddn ddt cde edp bdc vdo hanh ll vai efta quan True nguyet vdo ky hOi hgp huang ddng.
- Tidu chudn bdu chgn ngudi ddn ddt ddn. Cudi till - Quy dinh vd viec ddi nhidm ky. kJ XVII - Quy dinh giai quylt cdc vide ttong huomg dang eua ngudi ddn dat dan.
- Khdu chudn bj cdng bd huong udc vdo thugng tudn thang 4, I^ hgi xuan thu.
- Quy djnh cac vdn dd vd tang tdng, bao vd san xuat ndngnghidp...
- Bdn didu mdu chdt quy djnh cdch ftng xft: Due nghiip tuang khuyin, Li tuc tuang giao, Qud thdt tuang quy, Hogn ngn tucmg tudt
- Gidi quydt cdc vide ttong huong ddng khi vj quan dftng ddu bj benh.
- Hgp dan cdng bd huong udc vdo ngdy mdng 1 h ^ g Nam 1730 thang vd vdo ll Gidng tin 1^ Xudn thu. Khen vd triing nhung ngudi ed ten ttong so Thiin tich 4-11, Ac tich - Quy dinh cae vdn dd vd tang tdng, cudi gd, trang phuc cua ngudi trdn kd dudi...
- Tidu chudn chgn ngudi vdo vi tri ddn dat ddn.
- Tidu chuan bidn tdn vao so Thiin tich # • # , Ac tich
Eft.
- Cac vdn dd vd tang tang, tm di cho ngudi cd hgc.
I - Phdn vj tri chd ngdi cdc cdp bdc, tidn hdnh khen triing Ndm 1747 nhui^ ngudi cd tdn ttong sd Thien tich ^$kvz.Ac tich .S.#-
- Cdc mftc phat cua Lat Cdc tidn smh.
- 8 ghi chep ve vide khuydn dy ddn.
- 3 didu dgy mudn ddn ttong Chu li, 4 didu mdu chdt quy dinh each hdnh xft cd nhdn trong huang udc cua Chu Tu.
Thudn Hung - Quy dinh cua Thoai Khe tidn sinh vd vi?c thudng phat phu huang udc nhftng ngudi ldm dugc cdc didu tdt vd phgt ke vi pham.
tiit muc 10 - Phdn vi tri chd ngdi, trinli ty, cdch din ddt cdc cdp bdc Jiill->#*^i^ ™° ^^^ '^ vsi efta quan Tryc nguydt vdo ky hOi hgp gp B huang dang.
- Cdc dilu khoan mdi Igp vl tidu chudn chgn ngudi gift chftc Phd chinh, Tryc nguyet, Ha hOu ty, Thdn ly, Sft Idnh, Dien do chi'nh; quy djnh thdi man td chftc Id Gidng tin ky xudn thu; hiitii phat; sdp xep vj tri hdnh Id.
Bdo An huang 5 udc diiu myc
Huang li hgp
bien Li huang dm tuu: Phdn vi tri, each tiiftc hdnh ll, ddi^ TII TIZT rugu nhgn rugu cua ehu va khach. Bd tri ban, chen, vd ^™
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Truong Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hgc Xd hdi. Nhdn vi d Gido dvc: 34 (2014): 13-19
Stt Tdp vSn bin Sd trang Ngi dung Nien flgi
isp^-g-sfe rugu, eft nhae...
- Le huang xg: Phan vi tri, cdch thuc tidn thodi nhdn ten ban cua khdch vd chft, vai ttd ddn dat hudng ll eua quan Ty xa.
- Huang udc: Bdn didm mdu chdt quy dinh cdch hdnh xft cd nhdn; phdn vj tti chd ngdi, trinh ty, each dan ddt cdc c ^ bdc vdo hdnh Id vdi cua quan Tryc nguydt vdo ky hOi hop huong ddng, ban bd udc phap, khen vd ttung nhfing ngudi cd tdn trong sd Thiin tich •§•# vd Ac tich ,§.#.
- Le gia quan cita ke sT: Dan quy djnh ttong cac sach Tu Ma Thi thu nghi 5 ] - ^ ^ # ^ , Chu Tit gia li
^ ^ ^ # . Quoc triiu nga li nghi H I ^ S - # ^ vd phdn vj tti, each thue hdnh le cua chft va khdch, ngudi dugc gia quan trong ll gia quan ddi vdi nam; ngudi dugc cdi tram trong Id cai ttdm ddi vdi nft.
- Li kit hon ciia ke si: Dan quy dinh ttong cdc sdch Tu MdThithunghi s ] , i , ^ t - ^ , Chu Tic gia li ^^t-^, Qudc triiu ngU li nghi @ | ^ i ^ ^ vd do tudi kdt hdn;
ttinh ty. Id vgt, each ftng ddp ciia chu nhan ben nhd nft vd khdch dgi didn eho ngudi nam ttong cac ll Vdn danh.
Nap cat. Nap ti, Thinh ky, Thdn nghinh; each lai mSt eua chdng rd ddi vdi cha me vg, co dau ddi vdi cha me chdng; Id eon ddu ra mdt td tdng nhd chdng.
Cdc bdn huang udc thdi ky ndy cd sd ttang trich ddn chft ydu theo ttat ty sd ttang trong Triiu Tiin thdi dgi xd hdi su nghiin cim sir liiu tiing thu quyen 1 vd dugc ttinh bdy theo quy each sau:
- 3 bdn the ky XVII: An Dong hucmg udc
"^^^^ gdm 6 ttang (tft trang 47 - 52); Mat Duang huang udc $l^|fpiMj gdm 13 trang (tft ttang 53 - 65); Bdn Khi hucmg udc -s| j ^ S ? ^ gdm 12 ttang (tft ttang 66 -77) vd 3 ban thd kJ XVIII:
MBdd^Airlmdng udc diiu muc ^-S-^.*^1'^ S gdm 16 ttang (tft ttang 489 - 504); Thugn Hung phii huang udc tiit muc »W.^^^^'^^ & gdm 10 ttang (tft ttang 505 - 514); Huang li hgp biin
^^•a-^ gdm 3 quyen, tdng cOng 68 ttang (tft ttang 522 - 589) dugc khde in theo md thftc chung: Tren cung mdt ttang gidy chia lam hai phdn, mSi phdn phdn thdnh cac hang dgc dd ghi ngi dung vdn bdn vd phdn rdn sdch. Trong nOi dung van bdn, ed In nhftng chft nhd xen lln chft ldn, cd khi mOt ddng chft nhd dugc vidt ttong ciing mdt ddng chft Idn, cung cd khi cd tft hai din ba ddng chft nhd dugc vilt ttong eung mOt ddng chft ldn.
Chft nhd Id phdn minh gidi vd bd sung cho phdn chft Idn.
Ban Thugng Chdu hucmg uac f^Jii^.^
gdm 5 ttang (tu ttang 484 - 488), mSi ttang chia ldm bon phan ghi nOi dung vdn bdn.
- Ban Kim Pho diin huang ude tiet vdn i^iiSSiSp^lpX gdm 7 trang (tft ttang 515-521), m5i ttang cung chi lam hai phdn, m5i phdn 8 egt, khdng m phdn rdn sdch vd dugc vidt bang Idi chft thao.
Ban Huong udc thdng biin ^ . ^ i ^ ^ gdm 7 quyln tdng cOng 406 tt-ang (tft ttang 78 - 483)- duge vidt bang ldi chii thdo nliu bdn Kim Phd diin huang udc tiit van, trinh bdy ttdn cftng 1 ttang tft ttdn xudng khdng chia phdn va khdng in phan rdn sdch nhu cae van ban tren.
Nhm chtmg, cac van bdn huong udc chft Hdn Choson thdi ky ndy thudng gdm cac yeu td sau:
Tdn trudc tdc efta Nho si Choson Ndu bon quy djnh mau chdt nhat chi phdi cdch ftng xft ca nhan
- Cu the hda vd ludn gidi bon quy dinh ay dl mgi ngudi hiiu va tuan thu
Vd van dd ttidn dai can chl cua vdn bdn, chiii^
tdi ehi thdy trong ban Quang Chdu huang udc diiu muc d thd kJ XV vdi ldi md ddu cho bilt: "Canh
T^ chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hge C^dn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hgc Xd hdi, Nhdn w a Gido dac 34 P014): 13-19 Thai nhi nidn Tan Mui tftc nga Van Tdng nguydn
nidn,.-" (Nam Tan Mui nam thft hai nien hieu Cdnh Thdi tirc nam thu nhdt nidn hidu Van Tdng ttidu ta,...), nam Cdnh Thai tiift hai (1455) Id vao doi vua Minh Canh Dd cua Trung Qudc (Pham Thj Thuy Vinh, 2005). Vi vay ttong qua trinh khai tiidc van bdn huang udc thd 1^ XVII - XVUI, chung ^ i thdng nhdt ttidn dai theo thu muc thdng ke quy ddi nam duang Ijch cua Kim Nhdn Kiet vd Han Tudng Quydn ttong Triiu Tiin thdi dia xd hdi sd nghiin cuu su lieu timg thu quydn 1.
3 MOT VAI KET LUAN
Huang udc Choson ra ddi theo y tudng tan tiin eua cac bgc tiic Nho. Tren ca sd tidp thu bdn didm mdu chdt cua huong udc hg La thdng qua ban Chu Tu tdng ton La Thi huang udc, nhidu tdng bdc efta tu tudng Nho gido dugc "khudn nan" lai bdi hai khdi itiem tnmg. hiiu dinh ra Idi xft su phu hqp cbo dan chung.
Cdc van bdn huong udc chft Han thd ky XVU - XVIII cua Choson nam tdn mat trong cac tmdc tac cua Nho SI Choson, dugc Kim Nhdn Kiet -^-t^*
vd Hdn Tudng Quydn ^ ^ ^ suu tam vd in lai ttong Triiu Tiin thdi dgi xd hgi su nghien ciru su liiu timg thu ^ ^ B ^ - R ? t ^ j t ^ ^ i ^ f t t quydn 1, nam 1986. Qua n ^ d n cftu, chftng ta cd the bat gap d hdu hdt cdc van bdn huong udc Choson qiQ* dinh 4 didm mdu chot Due nghiep tuang khuyin fe#^^ (cftng khiQ-dn khich nhau vd dftc nghidp), qua thdt tucmg quy i^^3^^
(cting ran dgy nhau khi pham ldi ldm), lituc tuang giao S ^ ^ x . (cftng giao tidp vdi nhmi theo Id tuc), hogn ngn tuang tudt ^ ^ ^ ^ (ciing gup dd nhau khi gdp hoan ngn). Sy khae nhau han hiiu d cac ban don thuan chi la su cu ttid hda tftng dilu mOt Theo dd, bdn Bdn Khe huang udc ^ ^ # p ^ sogn cudi thd ky XVII dugc xem Id ban huong udc day du nhdt cua till ky XVU, ban Hucmg li hgp bien #P#-^ife sogn nam 1797 dugc danh gia I d t ^ dgi thdnh huong udc thd ky XVm.
Trong qud trinh soan flido huong udc, cdc nha nho Choson ddu sogn thao bdng van tu Han. Chu Hdn du nhdp vao Choson tu ddu did Chu. Sau khi diet Try, Vu Vuong phong cho Vi Tu ddt Tdng, Ca Tft ddt Choson. Lftc bdy ^ d , Tridu Tidn chia lam ba vuong qudc: Koguryo (Cao Cft Le ift ^ E), Baekje (Bdch Td -§y^) vd Silla (Tdn La ^ f t ) . Chft Han du nhdp vdo Choson theo dac didm chu Hdn cua tiing mien nhu Koguryo (Cao Cu Le TO ^ E ) tiep nhan chu Han cua ngudi Han, Baekje
(Bdch Te ^ ^ ) tiq) nhai chu Hdn cua ngudi Luong, Silla (Tan La ^ ^ ) ti^ nhan chu Hdn efta ngudi Td. E)ln ddi Ehidng (Tnn^ Qahc), Silla (T&i La iitft) dya vdo sue mgnh ciia nha Dudng thdng nhdt tam qudc. Theo dd ca nude dung ehu Hdn cua ngum Dudng. Tu the ky VI, VII d^% Han bdt ddu dugc Hdn hda, doc theo dm Hdn Han bay gid. D ^ the ky XV, nhd Minh (Tmi^ (^idc) soan Hoa di dich ngS- ^ ^ # ^ dd ngoai giao vdi cdc nude man di song Choson dgc theo dm Han Hdn vd d Vidt Nam (hay Dai Viet khi dy) ngucn Viet doc theo am Hdn Viet. Trieu Tidn phat minh ra chft Han gil vdo thd ky XV, Viet Nam sang tao ra chu Ndm vdo thd ky X (Ngiydn Khud, 1999. Nhung vdn di ca bdn cim chu Nonu Tp. Hd Chi Minh, tt 19 - 20), chft Qudc ngu vdo thd ky XVII nhung chua dugc sft dung phd bidn. Do dnh htrdng sdu sac cua chft Hdn ndn khi soan ra huong udc, i^udi Han vdn dgc theo dm Hdn Han, ngudi Viet dgc theo dm Hdn Viet
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Ban bien soan gjao trinh Han Qudc hoc, 2005.
Lich su Hdn Qudc, Nxb Dal hgc qudc gja Seoul 2. Pham Thi Thuy Vinh, 2005. guang CAau
huang udc diiu muc - boat hucmg udc cd nhdt ciia Triiu Tiin. Tgp chi Han Ndm. Sd 3:61-67.
3. Pham Thj Thi^ Vinh, 2006. VM bdn huang udc cha Hdn Trieu Tien thdi ky trung can dgi. Tap cbi Han Ndm. Sd 2:10 - 22.
4. Pham Thi Thuy Vinh, 2006. Nghien cuu so sdnh vdn bdn huong udc chir Hdn Triiu Tien vd Viet Nam thdi ky tnmg can dgi- Tap chi Nghien cthi E)dng Bdc A. Sd 2; 27 - 39.
5. Pham Thj Thuy Vinh, 2007. NhOng diim tuang ddng vd di biit trong vdn bdn huang udc cha Hdn ciia Triiu Tien vd Viit Nam, Ky ydu Hdi thdo Qudc ti Ky niem 15 ndm thdnh lap quan he ngogi giao Viet Nam - Hdn Qudc. Hdi Sft hgc Han Qudc va Hdi Khoa hgc lich sft Viet Nam. Ha Ndi.
6. Ng^dn Khue, 1999. Nhihig vdn di ca bdn cua cha Ndm. Tp. Hd Chi Minh.
7. Vu Duy Men, 2010.5ir/uong dlSngvfljyioc biit vi hinh thuc vdn bdn cua huang udc Viet Nam vd Trieu Tien thdi trung can dgi.
Tap chi N ^ & i oiu Lich su. Sd 5: 19 - 27.
8. 'k^^,mHm^,l9Z6.
