Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Can Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tu nhien, Cdng nghi vd Mdi truong: 32 (2014): 72-79
Tap chf Khoa hoc Irxibnq Dai hoc Can Thd website: sj. ctu. edu. vn
StJ" DUNG VAT LBEU HAP PHU PHOI T R O N TlT BAT DO BAZAN VA DAT PHEN DE XU" LY LAN TRONG NlTdC THAI
Cd Thj Kmh^'^, Pham Viet Nu', Lam Quang Trung' va Le Anh Kha' ' Khoa Mdi trudng vd Tdi nguyin Thien nhien, Trucmg Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
^ Bd mdn Hda lfng dung, Bgi hgc Nong nghiep vd Ky thudt Tokyo Thdng tin chung:
Ngdy nhgn: 25/01/2014 Ngdy chdp nhdn: 30/06/2014 Title:
Ultilizing the adsorbent material made from basaltic and acidic soil for phosphorus removal in wastewater Tirkhda:
Xit ly Idn, hdp phu, ddt do bazan, ddtphen Keywords:
Phosphorus removal, adsorbent, basaltic soil, and acidic soil
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of adsorbent made from basaltic and acidic soil for effective removal of phosphorus in wastewater. In this study, the basaltic soil was collected in the Lam Bong province, and the acidic soil was collected in the Hoa An village, Hau Giang province. Adsorption capacity experiment showed that 1 g basaltic soils adsorbed 10.8 mg PO4-P, while 1 g acidic soil adsorded 2.5 mg PO4-P. The experiment for investigation adsorption capacity of material made from 80% basaltic soil and 20% acidic soil showed that the most appropriate flow rate for effective treating of phosphorus by the bazalt- contained filter system was 360mL/hour. The application of this filter system for phosphorus removal in fish processing wastewater was highly effective, about 83%, and the concentration of PO4-P remained in the efflluent was of 0.50 mgP/L in average (within the acceptable range of the Vietnamese regulation for surface water quality (QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, class B2)).
TOM TAT
Muc tieu cita nghien ciru ndy Id ddnh gid hieu qud ciia vgt lieu hdp phu Idn jtgq.:rg_,tir ddt do bazan vd ddtphen de xir ly Idn trong nude thai. Bdt do
" bazan sir dung trong nghiin cuu ndy dugc thu a tinh Lam Bdng vd ddt phen dugc thu a xd Hda An tinh Hdu Giang. Kit qud khdo sdt khd ndng hdp phy ciia 2 logi vdt lieu cho thdy ddt do bazan the hiiri dgc tinh hdp phu lan rdt cao, 1 g mdu ddt do nguyen chdt co khd ndng hdp phy 10.8 mg P04-P trong khi dd 1 g ddt phen cd khd ndng hdp phu khodng 2,5 mg P04-P. Kit qud thi nghiim xu ly nirdc thdi^ bdng cgt lgc vdi vdt lieu su dung dugc tgo ra tir 80% ddt do vd 20% ddt phen cho thdy luu tdc thich hgp trong hi thing lgc chira vdt lieu dat dd bazan de xir ly lan trong nude thdi pha Id 360 mL/gid. Khd ndng xu ly lan trong nude thdi nhd mdy che biin thiry sdn bdi vdt lieu nc^ rdt hieu qud, dgt khodng 83% vd hdm luong P04-P cdn Igi trong nude dau ra chi khodng 0,50 mg/L. dgt tieu chudn chdt luong nude mat (QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, logi B2).
1 GIOfITHI?:U
Mudc thai tft cic khu cdng nghiep, nha may v i nude thii sinli boat nlu khong dupe xft ly triet dl
trudc khi thai vao mdi tiudng chua mdt lugng Idn dudng chat gay phu duong hda cac thuy vyc tiep n h ^ . Sy phu duong hoa thuy vyc la sy tang dot
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dai hgc Cdn Tha Phin A: Khoa hgc Ty nhiin, Cong nghi va Mdi Irudng: 32 (2014): 72-79 bien cic thyc vat phii du Uong nude giy ra bdi sy
gia ting him lugng chit dinh dudng tiong nude, die bift li dam vi Ian. Hifn mgng niy lam inh budng tieu cyc den mdi tiudng nhu thidu dudng khi, lam can kiet oxy hoa tan trong nude, lira giam sd lugng cic the ci vi cic quin thd ddng vit khac.
Ngudn nude mat cda nude ta d cic kenh rgeh vi ao hd dang bi phii dudng hda ngay cdng nghiem tipng lim mit cin bang sinh thai va suy giim chit lugng nude do tiep nhin eic ngudn nude thii chua dugc xft ly tiiet dl (ADP, 2012; Trin Due Ha, 2002).
Hifn nay, mdt sd bifn phap xft ly dinh dudng Uong cic nhi may xd ly nude thii cd kha nang loai bo phin Idn hdm lugng dgm nhung ham lugng lin thi ehua dupe lam giim dang kl (Zhu et al, 2008;
Young-Ho Ahn, 2006), Ben cartii do, mpt sd nghidn cftu di chi ra rang Uong 2 yeu td chu dao giy ra hifn tugng phii dudng d eic thuy vye la dam va lan thi Ian Ii ylu td mang tinh chit quylt djnh.
Do do, van dl d|t ra hien nay la can tim ra mpt phuong p h ^ bieu qui dl xft ly lin Uong nude thii tiudc khi thai ra mdi Irudng bdn ngoii, nhit la Uong xu tbi cdc boat dpng sdn xuit va sinh hoat san sinh ngiy cang nhieu nude thii.
Co nhieu bien phip xft ly lin tiong nude thii da dupe nghien cim vi ftng dyng bao gdm phuong phip ket tila hda hpc, phuang phip trao ddi ion, phuang phap hip phy, xft ly bing thuy sinh thyc vgt, phuang phip xft ly bing bim hogt tinh thdng qua cdc md hinh: Bardenpho, phoredox, AO, UTC,... Tuy nhidn, phan Idn cic bien phap niy deu cd nhimg ban che nhat djnh nhu gia thanh cao, tdn nhilu ning lugng vi didn tich cho xd ly, van hanh phftc tgp hoic hifu suit xu ly ehua cao. Trong khi dd, ky thugt xft ly lin bing phuang phip hip phy nhd cic vit lieu hip phu td ra cd nhieu uu the hon so vdi cie phuong phip khic do co uu dilm thin thifn vdi mdi trudng, dd ip dyng, gia thinh tiiip, va hifu suit xft ly cao. Mgt khac, phuang phap hap phy cing td ra uu thi Uong vifc tii su dyng phot pho Uong xu thd ngudn dy trft phdt pho ciia trai dit dy kiln sd dugc hoin toan cgn kift Uong thdi gian ngin khoing 50-100 nim tdi (Neset et al., 2011;
Gilbert, 2009).
Theo Drizo vd ctv. (1999), mdt sd vit lieu nhu bd xit, di phien set, dat set, khoang, vi tiian li nhftng vgt lifu c6 khi nang hip phy lan hifu qua.
Nhilu cdng tiinh xft ly nude thii sinh hogt va cdng nghifp d Chau Au di sft dung eic vit lifu bap phy cd ngudn gdc ty nhien sin cd tgi dja phuong de xft ly Ian: di Uim tich opka, dd dolomit, da vdi, di wollastonite, di nii Ifta, di uim tich Maeri, dit macno, hoic cic vit lieu hoic phy phim cd ngudn
gdc cdng nghifp: xi, Uo bay, di philn sdt, tiian.
Nhieu sin pham hip phy lin da dupe sin xuit tiiuong mgi d cac nude nhu Light-weight Aggregate, Filtialite (Na UyX LECA (Thuy Diln).
P-catch (Nhit Bin),... dimg de xft ly Ian tiong cac hf thdng xft ly nude thii hoac hgn cbi pbft dudng hda d cic ao hd (Zhu vd ctv, 2008, Brogowski va Renman, 2004; Gustafsson et al., 1998; Johansson, 2002; Mizuuchi, 2013). Tuy nhien Uong dilu kifn d nude ta, vide tim ra cac v$t lifu dja phuang dl tiep c§n, rd tidn, vdi ngudn cung cip phong phi eo tidm ning sft dyng dd xd ly lin trong nude thii hiu nhu chua dugc nghidn cdu v i dp dyng.
Nhieu nhi nghidn cftu khing djnh cic dang dat hoac khoang cd chfta ham lugng kim logi cao nhu sat va nhdm cd khi nang hap phy lin rit tdt (Zhu et al., 2008; Sakadevan et al. (2002); Ld Anh Kha v i Seto, 2003; Trin Dftc Hg, 2002}. Mit khac, d nude ta dit do bazan v i dit phdn chidm difn tich kbi rpng Idn (khoing ban 3 Uifu hecta dit do bazan va 2 Uifu hecta dit phen), cdc loai dit niy cd die diem chfta him lugng sat va nhdm Idn, c6 thi cd tilm ning hip phy lin rit cao. Theo nghidn cftu ciia Ld Anh Kha vd ctv. (2007), Nguyin Thi Hdng Quydn (2010) vl kbi ning hip phy eia dit phen d mgt sd dia phuong co ngudn tii nguyen dit phen d Ddng bing sdng Cftu Long cho thiy dit phen CO kbi nang hip phy lin khi cao, d mdc 0,2 - 0,7 mgP/g-dit, Theo Mizuuchi (2013), Trin Van Chinh (2006), Ld Anh Kha vi Seto (2003), dit dd bazan (hay con gpi la dit Feralit), la loai dit tich ty cac dxit ciia sat va nhdm rat cao do dd c6 khi ning hip phy Ian khi cao, cd thi Idn din 3,5 mgP/g-dit,
Tft nhftng thyc te tien, nghiSn eftu sft dung vgt lifu hip phu tgo ra tft dit dd bazan va dit phen de xd ly dgm ya Ian Uong nude thii dupe thyc hifn nham gdp phan tim ra eic vgt lifu hip phy lan mdi dl ftng dyng vao quy Uinh xft I;^ lin trong nude tiiai.
2 PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CtitJ 2.1 V^t lieu vi phiromg tifn thi nghifm Vat lifu dit phdn diing Uong nghien cftu nay duge tiiu tgi xa Hda An huyfn Pbyng Hifp tinh Hiu Giang. Theo Ld Anh Kha vd ctv. (2007), mlu dit phen Hoa An cd die tinb hip phy lan manh ban so vdi cac miu dit phdn die trung tgi cdc viing khic d Ddng bing sdng Cftu Long: Bin Lftc, Dftc Huf, Thanh phd Cin Tho. Theo do, mau dit phen sft dyng trong nghidn cdu niy dugc thu cimg dja dilm vdi nghidn cftu trudc diy eia Ld Anh Kha vd ctv. (2007).
Top chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Thi Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tyr nhiin. Cdng nghi vd Mdi trudng: 32 (2014). 72-79
^ Miu dit dd bazan dugc tim d TP D i Lat, tinh Lim Dong. Theo Cd Thj Kinh vd c/v. (2012), miu dit d u ^ lua chpn kbi dat dugc nhftng yeu ciu sau:
c6_^mau dd dim, cd tmh ddng nhit, dia dilm tiiu mau cbpnnoi khdng cd hogt ddng canb tic ndng nghiep, miu ^ t dupe tiiu each Idp dit mat khoang 0,5 m hgn cbi anh hudng bdi lap dit chfta nhilu hftu CO Uen bl m i t Cic miu dit dd sau khi xic dinh so bd kbi ning hip phu lin ngoii hifn trudng, miu dit co khi ning hip phy Ian cao nhit se dupe thu thgp dd phuc vy cho eic thi nghifm tilp theo.
Theo dd, chung tdi tiln hanh khio sat va thu thip cic miu dit do bazan d tinh Lim Ddng, noi cd sy phin bd trdn difn tich Idn dit ndu do va nau ving tien da mac ma baza vd tmng tinh dl tiln hanh khio sat kbi nang hip phy Ian tiong nude thai ciia logi dit niy.
Cic mau dat dd vi dat phen diing lam vgt lifu trong cac thi nghifm xic djnh kha nang hip phu lin ddu dugc nung d 550''C tiong 2 b nhim logi bd him lugng hftu ca cd Uong dit cung nbu lam tang didn ti'ch be mgt cho vat lifu.
Nude thii dftng tiong tbi i^hidm duge thu tft nha may chd bidn thuy sin Quang Minh, Ld 2.20 A - Khu cdng nghifp Tri Noc 2, Thanh phd Can Tha. Nguydn lifu chii ylu tiong quy trinh ehl biln cfta nha miy l i c i tra.
Cic thi nghifm tiong nghidn eftu dugc thyc hifn tgi phong thi nghifm Chit lugng Mdi trudng, Bp mdn Khoa hpc Mdi trudng, Trudng Dgi hpc cin Tho,
2.2 Phuvng phip bd tri thi nghifm Thi nghifm 1: Xac djnh khi nang tim gidm ham lugng Ian Uong nude tdt nhit cua dit do bazan v i dit phen,
Sft dyng phuang phip md xft ly dl xac dinh kha ning lam giim him lugng phosphate tdi da cua hai logi mlu dat. Cin 1 g mdi loai miu dat cho vao cic binh tam giic ridng bift, sau dd cho vio 100 ml dung djch chua POj-P vdi ndng dd 30 mgP/I, dl 4h dem xfc djnh ndng dp P04^" ciiajdung djch uong cic nghifm thfte. Gii djnh uong 4b, miu dit phit huy hoin toan khi ning b ^ phu P04^ cd Uong dung dich. Thi nghifm dugc bo tii mdi miu dit la I nghifm thfte v i I nghifm thfte ddi chiing khdng cd dit. Thi nghifm dugc I|p Igi 3 lin.
Thi nghifm 2: Xft IJ lin uong nude thai bing cdt Ipc CO chfta vgt lifu lim tft dat dd bazan vi dat phdn.
Vgt lifu vdi thinh phin tdi uu lim tu dit dd bazan hoge/vi dit phen vdi ti If phdi trfn phu hop thda min didu kifn cd hifu qud xft ly lin cao, cd tilth ling dyng cao se dupe dimg dh bd tri thft n^ifm. Ngydn nude thai dftng tiong thi nghifm niy dugc pha tft hda chit dd dim bio tinh on djnh v i ddng nhit ngudn nude thai diu vao cung cap cho cic nghiem thfte. Muc tieu cua thi nghifm Ii xic djnh luu tdc phu hpp de hd Ug cho vifc thilt kl hf thdi^ xft ly nude thii chd bien thfty sin d tiii nghifm tiep theo.
Tiln hanh tgo hinh sa bd tiudc khi dftng dd bd tii thi nghiem bing mdy xay vdi dudng kinh sin pham sau khi xay la 2 mm. Muc dich ciia vifc tao hinh vit lidu li dl gidp nen cbgt dit vi dl dua vao bf thdng xft ly nude thai. Vit lifu sau khi tgo hinh cd kich thudc khoang 2-3 cm, dudng ktnh 2 mm, duge dem nung vdi nhift dd 550°C tiong I gid.
Nude thai pha dftng tiong thi nghifm cd ndng dg 30 mg PO4-P/L dupe pha tft dung djch chuin KH2PO4. Nude thii sd dupe dan qua hf thong cac eft Ipc rieng biet cd luu tdc khac nhau. Cpt Ipe dupe lam bang nhya vdi dudng kfnh 40 mm, chieu dai 600 mm va chfta 270 g vit lifu. Tbi nghifm bao gdm 3 nghiem thfte, moi nghifm thue duge thilt kd bao gdm vdi cac luu tdc 180 mL/gid, 360 mL/gid, 720 mL/gid va 3 lin l§.p Igi dugc bd Ui nhu Hinh 1.
Tl
Niroc lUai d i u v a o
Bom 4auva
1 1
4auvao
1
Hinh 1: Sor dd cdt Ipc dung trong thi nghiem Nude thii pha duge cung cip vao cdt Ipc ngugc tu dudi Idn bing dng dan tft be cap. Tien hanh thu mau xic djnh hdm lugng Ian diu ra d eic nghifm thuc dl lya chpn Imi tdc phu hgp dk thilt kl hf thdng xft ly nude thai chd biln thiy sin.
Thi nghiem 3: Xft ly lan trong nude thai chd biln thfty sin bing cdt Ipc cd chfta vgt lifu Idm tft dat dd bazan va dat phen.
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tu nhiin. Cong nghi vd Moi trudng: 32 (2014): 72-79 Vdi khdi lugng vit lifu diing dl thilt ke cdt Ipc
li 270 gam va luu tdc 360 mL/^d, tiidi gian luu khodng 25 phut.
Sau khi xac djnh logi miu vit Ufu vdi cdng thdc phdi udn pbft hpp dl tao ra vit lifu vdi kbi ning xft ly lin bifu qui d thi ngWfm 1 vi xic djnh thdng sd luu tdc thich hgp d thi nghiem 2, tiln hinh thilt kl hf tbdng xft ly lan tiong nude thai bien thuy sin Uong till nghiem nay.
Do die tmh nude thii ehl biln thfty sin sau kbi thu tft nhi may chda ham lugng lan hiiu ea cao, chua phft hgp de xft ly bing phuong phip bap phy, do do chiing tdi tien hanh tidn xft ly nude thai thdng qua mdt sd budc, bao gdm amdn hoa va niuate hda trudc khi dung lam nude thii diu vio cho hf tbdng xft IJ Ian Uong tbi n ^ f m ndy theo phuong phip dugc md t i bdi Le Anh Kha vd ctv (2013).
Md hinh cpt Ipc xft ly lan dung tiong thi nghifm niy ed thinh phin gidng nhu d thi nghifm 2. Thi nghifm dupe lip lai 2 Ian (bd tii 2 cdt Ipc khic nhau vdi cimg ngudn nude thii diu vio).
Tiln hanh thu miu xic djnh him lugng lin vio vi dau ra d cac nghifm thirc dk xdc djnh ham lugng lin mi hf thdng cd the xft IJ dugc tiong nude thii ciia nhi miy ehl biln thuy sdn.
2.3 Chi tidn vi phinmg phap phan tich Cic chi tieu phdn tich bao gdm: EC, BOD, COD, tdng lin hoa tan (TDP), phosphate (P043-) va tdng lan (TP). EC dugc thu v i do tgi phdng thi nghifm bing miy do Mettler Toledo. BOD dugc do bang phuong phip ft tiong tu um WTW TS 606/2 Thermal Cabinet d 20°C uong 5 ngay. Cac chi tidu phin tich khic dugc xic^inh theo phuang phip chuin phin tich chit lugng nude va nude thai (APHA, 2000).
2.4 Phutrag phip xu ly sd lifu
- Su dung phin mim Mierosof Excel 2007 dl xft ly so lifu va ve bleu dd,
Sft dung phin mim SPSS 13,0 dl xu ly sd lifu so sdnh sy khdc bift gifta khi ning xft ly lin ciia cdc nghifm thfte.
3 ia£T QUA VA THAO LU4J»J 3.1 Kha nang xiir Ijr lin tdi da ciia vit lifu dat dd bazan va dat ph^n
Thi nghifm dupe tiln hanh Udn 1 gam miu dit dd bazan v i dit phen dupe dung dl xft ly 50 mL dung djch cd ndng dp P04^-P l i 100 mgP/L Uong
khoing 4 gid. Ndng dd P04^-P cdn tgi cua cac nghifm thue dugc thd hifn tiong Hinh 2.
120 100
o 60 a.
£>duvao Dit|Aea sltdobazaa Hinh 2: Ndng d$ PO/'-P d diu vio va diu ra
d cic nghifm thdc Ghi chu: Cdc cgt co Id tu chu cdi khdc nhau (a-b-c) thi CO khdc biet d mircy nghTa 5% (Duncan)
Theo do, ta cd thay dit do bazan vi dit phen diu cd khi nin^ lam giam bam lugng lin dang kl, tiong dd mlu dit bazan thi bidn khi nang hip phy ISn cao ban so vdi miu dit phdn (Hinh 2). Sau thoi gian 4 gid ndng df lan d n ^ f m thfte dit phen cdn Igi d muc 94,93 uong khi do nghifm thfte dit do cdn lai 86,24 mgPOa-P/L. Nhu vgy, khi ning hip phy lin tdi da trung binh tiong thdi gian 4 gid tiii nghifm eua hai loai dit nbu sau:
- Dit dd phen hip phy 2,5 mgP04^--P/g-dit ^ - Dit do bazan hip phy 10,8 mgP04^-P/g-dit Ket qui Bing I cbo thiy v^t lifu dit do thu thip tai tinh Lim Ddng v i dit phen thu thip tgi xi Hda An tinb Hiu Giang ddu cd khi ning hip phy lin cao hon nhieu so vdi cic vit lifu khic d i dugc . J nghien cuu Uong v i ngoai nude. Dit dd thu t h ^ ^ tgi tinb Lam Ddng cd khi nang hip phu lin rit cao, d mdc 10,8 mg/L, tuong duong vdi khi nang hip ^ phy cua da dolomite tiong nghidn cftu cua Roques \ et al (I99I). Gii trj niy die biet cao hon x ^ xl 6 lin so vdi mau dit dd thu thgp tgi tinh Binh Duong tiong nghidn ciru ciia Cd Thi Kinh vd ctv (2012).
Mlu dit phen thu thip tai xi Hda An tiifti Hiu Giang cd khi ning h ^ phy lin d mftc 2,5 mgP04- P/L, thip hon so vdi dit do bazan nhung van d mftc cao hon dang kl so vdi eic mlu dit phen va vgt lieu khac di dugc nghien cuu d nude ta nhu:
gom, than td ong, dit dd Binh Duong.
Cin eft vao kit qui khio sit him lugng lin dugc h ^ phy bdi 2 vit Hfu dit dd bazan v i dit phen chiing tdi tidn hinb phdi tidn 2 logi dit sft dyng 80% dit dd v i 20% dit phen dl tao ra vit lifu
TQP chi Khoa hgc TrudngDgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A: Khoa hgc Ty nhiin. Cdng nghi vd Mdi trudng: 32 (2014): 72-79 ding trong cic tiii nghifm tilp tiieo. Cdng thfte
phoi trdn niy dya tren die dilm vgt ly cua 2 loai dat, Uong kbi dit do cd kit ciu xdp tiii dit phen Khi ddo va cd khi nSng kit dinh cao (do chua ham lu^dng khoing set cao). Do do, mie dii khi ning
Bang 1: So sinh hifu qua hap phu ian ciia vat Ufu so vdi cic vit lieu khac
hip phu lin khdng cao so vdi dit do, miu dit phen duge bd sung cd vai Ud lam ting tinh ket dinh cua vit lifu, vifc tgo hinb la nhim gidp ting cudng sy luu tiidng nude thai qua cdt Ipc.
Tii lifii tham khao Ten vit lien Nguydn T.N. Hanh
v i N g d T D . Trang (2013)
Kha nane xir ly _. . , , .,
«, ^t.\ Phinrae phap Kir ly
(mgP/g-dat) ^ ^ *^ ' ^_
Hgt vat lieu (0,2-2,0 mm) dupe say d 60"C tmdc khi diing xft IJ theo dgng me
-Gdm - Than td ong
0,022 0,037 Ld Anh Kha va ctv
(2007) - Dit phen Ben Lue
(Long An) - Dit phen Dftc Hud (Long An) - p i t phdn Hoa An
0,65
Nung d 550°C Uudc khi dung lim 0,62 vgt lifu hip phu bing phuong phdp
me xft ly 0,64 Truong Thj Hdng Dat phen Tin Phudc
Quydn (2010) (Tiln Giang) Dit phen Hdn Dit (Kidn Giang)
0,64 0,23
Nung d 550°C trudc khi diing lam vit lifu hip phu bing phuang phap me xft ly
Co Thj Kinh vd ctv
(2013) - Dit do Binh Duong
Nung d 500''C trudc khi diing lim 1,51 vat lieu hap phy bing phuang phap
me xft ly Weiwei et al (2008)
- pH 5,5 - p H 2 -pHlO
0,58 0,05
Xft ly tiieo dang me trong mdi trudng dieu ehinh pH Roques el al (1991) D i dolomite 10 Phuang phap me xft ly Maim va Bavor
(1993)
-Sdi -Xi - Tro bay
0,03 - 0,05 Lam vit lifu nen tiong hf thong dat ngap nude kien tgo
Michael e/a/. (1998) -Xi - Dit d mien Nam New Soutii Wale - D i vdi clinoptilolite
4,2 - 5,2 Lam vat lieu ndn Uong he thong dit ngap nude
2,15 3.2 Xic djnh luu tdc phii hgp cho cdt Ipc
chda vat lieu hap phu lin
Tidn hanh tao v|lt lifu dl sft dyng cho cic thi i ^ i f m tilp theo bing cich phoi trdn 80% dat dd vi 20% dit phen. Theo kit qud tft thi nghifm tren dit dd cd khi ning xft ly Ian tdt han la dit do, do dd dit do dugc lya cbpn lim vit lifu chinh cho eic thi nghifm tilp theo. Do dit bazan cd dgc tinh khi toi xdp nen dd tgo hmh cho vit lifu, giiip chung tdi kit hgp c i dit dd bazan (80% Upng lupng sau khi siy khd) va dit phen (20% tipng lugng sau khi siy khd) dk cii thifn dp kit dirtii cua vit lifu giup cho vide tao hinh dupe de dang vi vit lifu sau khi tgo hinh ed till giup ting cudng sy luu thdng nude thii qua cpt Ipc.
Bieu dd 3 cho thay cd ba nghiem thue vdi luu tdc 180 mL/gidj 360 mL/gid, 720 mL/gid cd ndng dp P04^'-P diu ra lin lugt la 0,83, 0,91,
1,50 mgP/L, khac bift ding kd so vdi diu vao (30,06 mgP/L) (mftc y nghia 5%, Duncan).
OSu via IBO m L / h 3 6 0 m L / h 7 2 0 mLTh
Hinh 3: Bien ddng ndng d§ PO^-P (mg/L) dau ra ciia 3 dang Imi toe
Ghi chu: Cdc cgt cd ki lir cha cdi khdc nhau (a-b-c) thi CO khdc biil a muc y nghia 5% (Duncan)
Tgp chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Ty nhien, Cdng nghi vd Moi trudng: 32 (2014): 72-79 So sanh gii tri diu ra ciia cic nghidm thue ta
thiy diu ra cua nghiem thfte luu tdc 180 mL/gid va 360 mL/gid khdng cd khic bidt v i thip hon c6 ;^
nghTa so vdi nghifm thfte cd luu tdc 720 mL/gid.
Vi tbi c i 2 luu tdc niy deu thich hgp cho he thdng.
Tuy nhidn, dl tilt kifm th6i gian xft ly, luu tdc 360 mL/gid dupe lya chpn de thidt kd cho he tiidng cdt Ipc xft ly nude thii ehl bien thfty sin trong thi nghifm tiep theo.
3.3 Xd 1$ lin trong nud'c thai chi biln thiiy san bing eft Ipc chli^ vat lieu phoi trdn tu dat dd bazan va dat phen
KSt qua khdo sat cic chi tieu ly hda hpc (EC, BOD, va COD) tiong qua Uinh van hanh he thdng xft ly nude thai cbe bien thuy sin bing hf thdng chfta vat lieu dit dd bazan dugc tiinh bay uong Bdng 2.
Gia trj EC ghi nhin dugc tiong qui Uinh vin hinh he thdng cho thiy khdng cd sy khac bift ding kl gifta diu vio v i diu ra d ei hai hf thdng. Tuy nhien, EC ed khuynh hudng ting nhe d dau ra so
vdi diu vdo.
Bing 2: Gii tri cac chi tieu 1^ hda hpc d diu vao vi dau ra cua he thdng xu 1^ nurdc thai chi biln thuy san bang vgt lifu dit dd bazan
EC(pS/cm) BOD (mgOi/L)
COD (mgOia.) Diu vao i507a±19,7 6,3a±0,6 28,5a±0,2 Cptl 1589a±:77,8 3,7biO,6 13,8b±0,3 Cot 2 1579a±22I,0 4,0b±I,0 14,4b±0,5 Ham lupng chit huu co tiie hifn qua gii trj BOD va COD sau khi di qua hf thdng giam ding kl so vdi diu vao v i khdng khac bift dang kl gifta hai lin l$p Igi. Trong khi gia tij BOD va COD diu vio lin lugt li 6,3 mg/L va 28,5 mg/L, tai diu ra cac gid tij niy cbi con Igi thip hon dang kl so vdi diu vao, tuy nhien gia tij niy cbi phin anh tuong ddi khi ning xft iy cua cdt Igc ddi vdi him lupng chit hihi co diu vao vdi him lugng thip, hifu suit xft ly BOD v i COD Uong thi nghifm niy d mftc khoang 50%.
HTP(nigP/i) HTDP(mgP/l) [3f043-(mgP/l)
1 m-^
£)au vao
Hinh 4: Ham lugng P04^-P, TDP v i TP trudc vi sau hf thdng xu 1;^ lin bing vgt lifu tgo ra tir dit dd va dit phdn
Ghi chu: Cdc cgl cd ki ly chu cdi khdc nhau (a-b-c) thi co khdc bi$l d muc y nghia 5%
Kdt qui xft ly lin tiong nude thai cua vit lifu duge trinh bay tiong Hinh 4. Qua hinh ta thay d ei 2 cpt I v i 2 ndng dp PO4-P, TDP, TP diu ra diu giim ed khac bift so vdi diu vio (mftc y nghia 5%,
Duncan). Vdi tinh chit ham lugng lin trong nude thai che biln thuy sin diu vao diing Uong thi nghifm chu ylu d dgng hda tan (ndng dp PO4-P vi TDP gin bing TP va d muc khoang 2,5 mgP/L),
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Ty nhiin, Cong nghi vd Mdi trudng: 32 (2014): 72-79 sau kbi qua cdt Ipc, gia tri TP vi TDP d nude diu
ra giim ding kl (PO4-P, TDP, vi TP tin lupt d diu ra nghifm tiiuc 1 Ii 0,50 mgP/L; 0,54 mgP/L v i 0,66 mgP/L v i nghifm tiiftc 2 la 0,51 mgP/L, 0,63 ragP/L va 0,71 mgP/L).
Vdi khdi lugng vki lifu diing de tbiet kd cpt Ipe Ii 270 gam vi luu tdc 360 mL/gid, hidu suit xft ly phosphate cQa 2 he tbdng Ipc d muc cao, binh quin d mftc 83%, nude dau ra sau hf thdng Ipc cd hdm lupng phosphate rit thip, dgt tieu chuin chit lugng nude mit (gidi ban him iugng PO4-P Uong (JCVN 08:2008/BTNMT loai B2, nude mat Ii 0,5 mgP/L).
Co the khing djnh ring hf thdng cpt Ipc chua vat lifu dit do bazan rit c6 hifu qua trong vifc xft ly cie dgng lin cd tiong nude thii nha miy ehl biln thdy sdn. Khi ning xft ly ciia cic lin lip lai khi gjong nhau cho thiy hifu qua xu ly ciia vgt lieu rit on djnh. Gia trj ndng dp eae demg Ian diu ra sau hf thdng xft ly diu nim trong gidi hgn cho phdp tiong quy chuin chit lupng nude mit ((^CVN 08:2008/BTNMT).
4 K^T LUAN VA DE XUAT 4.1 Ketluin
- Khi nang hap phy lan tdi da tiung binh eua dit phdn thu thip tai xi H6a An la 2,5 mgP04-P /g- dit, va ciia dat do bazan TP Da Lat tinli Lam Dong la 10,8 mgP04-P /g-dit. So vdi nhilu vat Hfu hip phy lin di duge nghien ciiu Uong va ngoai nude, vit lifu hip phy dit do bazan the hifn kbi ning xft ly lin rit cao.
Khd ning xft ly lin tiong nude thdi che biln thfty sin bdi vgt lifu phdi trpn vdi thanli phan chinh l i dit dd bazan (dit dd 80% vi dit phen 20%
.tipng Iugng_ygt lieu) l i rit bifu qui v i ndng dp Pd4-P cdn Igi Uong nude diu ra cbi khoang 0,5 mg/L, dgt tiSu chuin chit lugng nude mit (QCVN 08:2008). Hifu suit xft 1^ PO4-P ciia cpt Ipc lan dung Uong nghidn cftu niy d mftc cao, binli quan dat 83%.
4.2 D i x u i t
Nghidn cftu sau hon vd thudc tinh dit dd bazan v i dit phdn dl tim ra phucmg phip ting cudng hifu qui hap phy lin eiia 2 logi vit lifu niy.
5 L d i CAM T ^
Nghidn cftu niy dupe hd ttg kinh phi tft de tii nghien cftu khoa hpc cap trudng ciia Trudng Dai hoc cin Tho (ma sd T2011-38). Chiing tdi chan tlianli cim an Bp mdn Khoa hpc Mdi trudng da tgo
dieu kifn thuin Igi cho chung tdi hoin thinh ^ t nghidn cftu nay.
TAI LIf U THAM KHAO 1. ADB, 2011, Assessment Report on
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