THIET KE WEBSITE HO TRO HOC SINH TlT HOC

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TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA C O N G N G H E - SO 18 -TRU'ONG DAI HQC P H A M VAIN C>ONG

THIET KE WEBSITE HO TRO HOC SINH TlT HOC CHUONG "SONG ANH SANG" VAT LI 12 TRUNG HOC PHO THONG

TS Trdn ThiNggcAnh*, ThS. Nguyin Mgnh Truang**

TOIW TAT

Tu hpc la mpt trong nhihig ndng lue ehung cot loi cdn hinh thdnh vd phdi Irien eho ngu&i hpe duge quy dinh trong chuang trinh gido due pho thong 2018. Mpt Irong nhihig cdng cu hd trp hiiu qud qud trinh tu hgc cua hpe sinh Id website gido dye Bdi bdo tap trung phdn lich quy trinh thiit ki website hd trg hpe sinh tu hpe, vd quy trinh hu&ng ddn hgc sinh khai thae, sir dung website di tu hgc mdt sd ngi dung kiin thirc ehuang "Sdng dnh sdng" Vgt li 12 trung hgc phd thdng. Cde quy trinh ndy dugc xdy dung dua tren viec phdn tich vai trd cua website, vd cdc yeu edu md website edn ddp ung doi v&i qud trinh tu hpe eiia hge sinh.

Tur khoa: Website, tu hpc, thi nghiem, bdi tap L Bat van de

Trong nhirng nam gdn day, thi gidi dang cd nhirng budc tidn nhay vgt cd vd khoa hpc ldn giao due. Do dd, ren luyen cho hpc sinh (HS) kba ndng ty hpc la didu bet siic quan trpng, lam nln tang cho HS trong qua trinh hpc tap, trao ddi kidn tbiic, bat kip vdi tri thiic ciia nhdn logi. Cung vdi sy biing nd ciia cdng nghe thdng tin, tdi lieu hoc tap ngay cang phong phii vd da dgng, dgc bidt la tir ngudn internet. Nhung ciing la khd khan trong vide chpn lya ngudn tbdng tin ddng tin cdy. Vi vgy, vdn d l cdp thiet hien nay Id phdi xdy dyng website nhdm bd trg HS trong vide tu hpc.

Trong qua trinb ddi mdi phuang pbap, cdng nghe thdng tin va internet, website gido dye da va dang mang lai bieu qua tich eye cho qua trinh day hpc [I], [2], Ddi vdi npi dung ve chuong "Sdng anh sang" Vat Ii 12 ca bdn, da cd mdt sd website dugc xay dyng nhung kien thirc cdn Uinh bay so sdi, chua cbu trpng den vide hd Ug HS tu hoc. Han nira, qua dieu tra tbuc tien cho thdy, trong va sau khi hpc xong chuang "Sdng dnh sdng" HS cdn gap nhidu khd khan, Iiing tiing trong viec dn tgp, cimg co kiln thiic da dugc hpc ciing nhu img dyng, sir dyng cac kidn thiic da dugc hpc trong phdn ndy vdo qua trinh giai bdi tap, nghien cim, tim hidu cdc npi dung khac cd lien quan.

2. Vai tro va ydu c^u ciia website doi voi qua trinh t u hpc ciia hoc sinh

Website Id mdt trong nhiing dich vu ti-en internet. Tim Bemers Lee dugc bilt din la ngudi sdng lap ra website trong thdi ky dng la nha vat li d vien nghien ciiu hat nhdn Chau Au (CERN) [3]. Sd di website trd nen pho biln vi nd cung cdp cho ngudi sii dyng kha ndng truy cap de dang, cd the khai thdc cac thdng tin tren ratemet dudi dang van ban, hinh dnh thdm chi ca dm thanh va video. Vi thi, website ddi khi cdn dugc gpi la da phucmg tien cua mang internet.

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TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHg - SO 16 - TRU'ONG DAI HOC PHAM VAN D O N G

2.1. Vai tro eiia website doi v&i qud trinh lu hgc cua hgc sinh

Cdng nghe thdng tin la mgt trong nhiing cdng cu bd tra ddc luc trong day hpc, noi bat nhdt chinh la may vi tinh va ngudn tai nguyen khdng Id tidn mtemet. Vide su dung website khai thdc nhirng tu Ueu day hgc tir internet khdng chi gdp phdn lam phong phii them npi dung dgy hgc ma cdn cd tdc dyng tao hung thii hpc tap, phdt huy tinh tich cue, thiic day qud trinh ty hpc cua HS [4], [5].

Thdng qua cdc ndi dung dugc ft-inh bdy trdn website, cac sa dd kiln thiic, cac bai hpc, cac cdu hdi, bai tgp vd cac hinh dnh, thi nghiera minh hpa, thi nghiem md phdng tbi nghiem tuang tac tren mdn binb, HS cd thi ty dn tap kiln thiic trong qua trinh ty hpc d nha. 6 dd, HS dugc trang bi kiln thiic sdu sdc ban giiip HS thau hilu dugc nhilu vdn dl ma do mdt sd ly do v l mat thdi gian ma gido vien chua thi tmyIn dat hit cho HS khi day tren ldp.

Dgc biet, he thdng sa dd, cdc cdu bdi, bai tgp tren cdc website rdt da dang giiip HS c6 thi Cling co kien tbiic da hgc va van dung kiln thiic rapt each thudng xuyen. Thdng qua cac bdi tap tii de den khd, HS cd thi ren cho minh ky nang Iam bai, phan tich bai toan va ky ndng tu duy. Do dilu kifn tbdi gian tren Idp khdng nhilu, HS cd thi ciing cd kien thiic thdng qua cdc website dgy hpc khi truy cgp d nha, dieu nay van dara bao giiip HS hilu bai vd v ^ dyng kiln tbiic thudng xuydn.

Khdng nhiing thi, HS cd the kiem tra trinh dp cua minh rapt each thudng xuydn thdng qua cac bai kilm tra online cd phan hdi, danh gia va hudng dan, ggi y de HS ty lam tilp din ket qua cuoi ciing (ebii khdng pbai chi thdng bdo ngay dap dn) de nam bat kha nang ciia minh tdi ddu vd tir do cd bidn phap dieu chinh phuang phap hoc tap cho phil hpp. HS cd thi lam cac bai kilra tra vao bdt ciir liic ndo tCiy thudc vao thdi gian cua HS nen viSc kiem tra trd nen rdt linh hoat.

2.2. Cde yiu cdu ddi v&i website trong viie ho trg hpe sinh tu hge

Bk hd trg HS tu hpc, website cdn pbdi dam bdo cac yeu cdu vl day hpc va yeu cdu vl cdng nghd thdng tin. Cy thi:

• Yeu cau v l d^y hpc

- Yeu edu vi muc dich ciia website: Website dugc xay dung nhdm rayc dicb hd ira HS tu hpc. Dilu dd cd nghia la website khdng ehi sii dung dl ciing cd kien tfaiic cu cho HS hay dn tap nhimg kiln thiic md HS vira mdi hpc rad md rdng ban la cd the giup HS tilp thu kiln thiic radi mdt each hieu qud ti^ng giai dogn "nghien ciiu tdi lieu radi". Mdt muc dich khac ciia website la van dyng cac kiln thirc da hoc vdo cac bdi tap, cac tinh hudng cy thi dl giup HS ren luyen cac ky nang bao gdm ky nang gidi bai tap, ky nang tu duy, ky nang phan tich, ky ndng tdng hgp, ky nang van dung sdng tao...

- Yeu cdu ve npi dung cua website: Ndi dung cua website phai xudt phdt tir muc dich cua website la dn tap kiln thiic cu vd hinh thanh kiln thiic mdi cho HS, ket hgp va vdn dyng cac kiln thirc da hpc vao cac bai tap va tinh hudng cy the, gop phan giiip HS hinh thdnh va phat triln cac thao tdc vd ky nang tu duy. Nhu vgy ndi dung ciia website

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TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHg - SQ 18 - T R U O N G DAI HQC PHAM VAN D O N G

phdi bam sdt chuong trinb sdch giao khoa, bdm sdt ndi dung kiln tbtic HS duge hpc a chuang trmh phd thdng va tir dd Idng ghep vdo cdc tbi nghiera, cdc vi du, ting dyng thuc te cita cdc kidn thiic da hpc de khien cho npi dung cua website them phdn sinh ddng, thu hilt sy chii y cita HS va ddng thdi giup HS md rdng kiln thiic, ciing cd nilm tin khoa hpc va cd hting thii hgc tap ban. Ngi dung dn tap dugc tdng kit dudi dang cdc sa dd ket hgp vdi cdc binb anb, dd thi, bdng bieu... giiip tbu hiit su chii y va quan tam ciia HS. Ndi dung ciia website phai dugc trinh bay rapt each logic, khoa hgc trong do ndu bat len dugc mdi lien quan giira cac phdn kidn thiic vdi nhau va sy van dung cac kidn thiic dd vdo Uong thuc tidn.

- Yeu cdu vi phuong phdp: Website hd trg HS ty hpc bdng nhilu phuang phdp khac nhau nhung chu yeu la tao dieu kien cho HS ty Iuc dn tap, cimg cd vd kiem tra ddnh gid, Tbdng qua cac bai giang, cac ndi dung kidn thiic da dugc lap trinh san, HS cd the ty nghien ciiu thdng tin, ciing cd kidn thirc va van dyng kien tbtic vao gidi cac bdi tap da dupe xdy dyng sdn tren website. Vdi viec sd dyng hinh thiic trdc nghiem cd phan hdi vd hudng dan cd the phat bien cac sai lam hay gap ciia HS, ddng thdi hudng dan HS nhan bidt va khac phuc cac sai lam. Qua dd, HS ed the ty lyc de dn tdp, cung cd va kiem tra ddnh gid kien thiic ve mdt chuong hay mpt phdn thgm chi la mdt chuong trinh hpc nao do. Website ciing cd the giiip HS tu hpc dudi su hudng ddn cita gido vidn theo chuang tiinh hda. Tiic la HS cd the hpc vdi giao vidn tbeo mdt lich hpc da dugc sdp xIp san, hodc thdng qua cac forum de HS trao ddi, thdo ludn vdi nhau vd vdi gido vien.

- Yiu cdu vi hinh thirc: Website cdn da dang nhieu hmh tbiic gitip HS tu hpc.

Khdng chi thdng qua cdc sa do ma cd the qua cac thi nghidm cd tucmg tac. Hinh tbtic ciia website phai cd tinh tham mi, thu hiit HS bdi nhung hinh dnh tryc quan, cac iing dyng ma HS quan tdm. Ngoai ra, website cdn cd cdc thi nghiem minh hga, thi nghiem md phdng, tbi ngbidm tuong tdc Udn mdn binb, cac vi dy, ting dyng cu thd dk HS tim hilu, kich thich tri td rad va thu hut sy hpc hdi ctia HS.

* Yeu cau ve cong nghe thong tin

Thdng tin trong website cdn dugc binh bay rapt each khoa hgc, dd dang truy cap, tun kiera bai hgc, ndi dung kien tbtic va bdi tap theo nhu cdu ctia ngudi hpc. Cac bai tap dugc thilt kd cd sy phdn hdi va hudng ddn giup ngudi hpc tu hpc mot each hidu qud.

3. Thiet ke website ho trg hpc sinh t u hpc chuong "Song anh sang" V | t Ii 12 trung hpc phd thdng

Ndi dung kiln thiic chuong "Sdng anh sang" Vat li Idp 12 THPT cd rdt nhilu iing dung trong khoa hpc cdng nghe, trong y hpc va trong thyc tien cudc sdng. Vi vdy website hd trg HS ty hpc can gdp phan ren luyen kha ndng phan tich, gidi thich hien tugng vgt li, nilm say me nghidn ciiru khoa hgc vd cdng nghe, van dyng kiln thiic vao thyc tidn cupc sdng.

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TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE - SO 18 -TRU'ONG DAI HOC PHAM VAN D O N G

3.1. Quy trinh xdy dung website hd tra hgc sinh tu hoc

Quy trinh xdy dung website hd h-g HS ty hgc gdm 5 budc: Mua ten railn va hosting; Lya chpn cdng cu xay dung website; Thilt kl giao dien trang cbu; Xdy dyng cdc module chinh; Chay thir va kilm tra. Cac budc nay dugc so dd bda trong hinh dudi ddy:

Mua tSn m i ^ vi hosting

L\[a chpn c6ng c\i xSy dyng websiic

Thiet kg giaa di$n trang chu

XAy difag c&c module chlnh

Ch^y thu va kifm tra

Hinh 1. Quy trinh xdy dyng website ho trp hpe sinh tu hpc - Bu&c 1: Mua ten mien vd hosting

Bk xay dyng dugc website thi bdt bu^c phai cd ten miln, ten railn chinh la dia chi ciia website. Do dd, nen chpn ten mien de nbd, phii hop vdi ndi dung ciia website dang xdy dyng. Ngodi ra, de website hoat ddng dugc cdn pbai raua hosting cd dung lugng phu hpp de luu trir cdc dii lieu khi dua ldn web. Nen chpn mua ten mien va hosting d nhung cdng ty chuyen v l lap trinh web cd thuang hieu, uy tin de website chgy dn dinh ban vd khi cd sy cd thi dugc hd trg tot hem.

- Bu&e 2: Lua chpn cdng eu xdy dung website

Lya chpn cdng cy dk xay dyng website la rapt cdng viec rdt quan trpng, nd quyet dinh rdt ldn din thanh cdng cua website. Hidn nay dl xay dyng rapt website day hpc cd rat nhilu cac phdn mim hd trg, tir cac phdn mdm ma ngudn ddng (thucmg mgi) den cdc phdn mim ma nguon md (mien phi). Mdi phdn ralm ddu cd uu va nhugc diem rieng. Tuy nhien, ddi vdi GV khdng chuyen v l tin hpc nen chpn cdc phdn mira ma ngudn md nhu:

Moodle, Joomla, Wordpress,... d l thidt k l website cho dan gian vi khdng ydu cdu pbai bilt vl lgp trinh.

- Bu&e 3: Thiit ki giao diin trang chu

Sau khi da cai dgt dugc website ti-en hosting da mua, cdng viec tidp theo la thiet kd giao dien ti-ang chii ciia website. Giao dien ngudi dimg bao gdm nhiing each thire tirong tac, hmh dnh, bilu higng dk chuyin tdi y nghia cdc bidu tugng ti-en mdy tmh. Giao dien dugc thidt k l sao cho ngudi siir dung dd dang tim kiem thdng tin, dap iing dugc nhu cdu hgc tap cua ngudi hpc vd thi hien ro y do su pham cua ngudi thiet kl.

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TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHE - SO 18 -TRU'ONG DAI HQC PHAM VAN D O N G

- Bu&e 4: Xdy dung ede module chinh

Website dugc xdy dung gdm cac module d l HS ty dn tap, ciing cd nhu: module video bai gidng, module tdm tdt ly thuyet, module sa dd bai hoc,... va xdy dyng he tbdng cac bai tap ty ludn, bai tap trdc nghiem, bai tap ly thuyet, bai tap keo tbd... Mdi module ddu gdp phdn phdt trien ndng lyc ty hoc cho HS.

- Bu&e 5: Chgy thir vd kiim Ira

Sau kbi da xdy dyng xong cdc module dl hd trg HS ty hpc, GV cdn tien hdnh chay thii va kilm tra xem cd diing vdi ydu cdu thilt kd hay chua, ddng thdi kidm tra npi dung upload ldn website cd gi sai sdt bay khdng de chinh siia lai cho chinh xdc.

3.2. Quy trinh hu&ng ddn hgc sinh khai thdc vd sir dung website di tg hpe

Nhdm tao dilu kien tbudn lpi cho HS, quy trinh hudng ddn HS khai thdc va sii dung website dd ty hoc gdm cac budc nhu sau:

- Bu&c 1: Ddng ky thdnh vien hoge ddng nhdp

Khi mdi truy cap vdo website, HS cdn dang ky thdnh vien de cd tbi dang nhgp vao trang cbti ciia website dd cap nhat cde thdng tm mdi, download cac tai lieu hoac dn tap.

Cling cd vd kiem tra kidn tbtic vdt li qua timg bai hpc.

Sau khi ddng ky tbdnh cdng rapt tai khoan, HS can kich boat tai khodn khi nhgn dupc tin nban qua email. De tham gia cdc khda hgc, HS can dang nhdp tai khoan. Khi dang nhdp tbdnh cdng tren website se hien ra cac khda hpc md ngudi bpe cd the tham gia.

Mudn tham gia vao khda hpc ndo, HS cdn kich chudt vao khda hpc do dl ghi danh tham gia khda hpc.

- Bu&c 2: On tap thong qua video bdi gidng

Neu HS chua ndra cbdc bai giang ly thuylt tren ldp, boac mudn tu hpc bdi mdi thi HS ed thi xem video bai giang cua nhiing gido vien day hgc Vdt li ndi tilng trdn ca nudc md chdng tdi da suu tdm mdt cdch chpn lpc dl dua vao trong website nbdm giiip HS ty hpc.

- Bu&c 3: On tap thong qua cdc video mo phong Ihi nghiem

Hdu bet cac kien thiic vdt li phd thdng deu dugc xdy dyng tir cac thi nghidm. Vi vdy, nhung thi nghidm md phdng cac bidn tugng vdt li lien quan din ndi dung bai hgc da dugc suu tdm va dua vdo website de HS tu hpc, nhdm hilu sdu ban vl ban chdt vat Ii ciia ndi dung dang nghien ciiu.

- Bu&c 4: On lap Ihdng qua tdm tdt ly thuyit bdi hpc

Bk tgo didu kien thudn Igi cho HS trong viec dn tap, ciing cd npi dung bdi hge.

Trong website chiing tdi da xdy dyng site tdra tdt cac kiln thiic vgt Ii ca bdn ciia timg bdi rat logic, dd nhd, de hieu.

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TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CpNG NGHE - SO 18 -TRU'ONG DAI HOC PHAM V A N £

Ddng k$ thanh vien hoge dang n h ^

6 n tap flidng qua video bai giang

On tgp ihdng qua video rad phdng thi nghidm

6n tlEp ihdi^ qua torn ^ t ly ttmyli

Gn t ^ thSng qua so dd tu duy bdi hpc

do t ^ thdng qua c:^ d ^ g bai t|p

Lam bdi t ^ xdy dyng so do kiln tbiic bai

•

Ldmc^

ty h

•

bail^p ydu

Lam cac bM t$p tra 161 can h6t, ly thuyet, di^ts,...

L3m bii Idem tra online kgt thtie biii hpc

Hinh 2. Quy trinh hudng ddn hoc sinh khai thdc vdsu dting website de lu hoc

° llSpLYTHAVTRlfONG

i B '

mLjki^iatmi,2xmmmm\mmMmm» M • • • !

Htnh 3. Bdng ki thdnh vien

- Budc 5: On tgp thdng quasaddUe duy, ldm cdc dgng hdi tap (ra ldi cdu hdi hdi hoc,...

Trong mdi bai hoc, HS co tiia lira ciion liinh thiic 6n tap va ki6m tta IciSn thirc thong qua on tap ciing c6 ly thuySt, thong qua so (18 bai hoc, thong qua tra IM cau hoi bai hgc, thong qua bai ttp luyen tSp va thong qua bai tap ttSc nghiem. HS cliclc vao hmh thiic

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TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE - SO 18 -TRU'ONG DAI HQC P H A M VAN iuONG

dn tap phil hgp va trong radi hinh thiic dn tap diu cd cau bdi boac bai tap giiip HS dn tap kiln thiic. Cd nhilu hinh thuc dn tap vd kilm tra cho HS lya chpn, iing vdi mdi ngi dung dn tgp deu cd hinh thiic kiem tra phu hgp giiip HS ciing cd kien thiic. HS cd thd xem hudng ddn dinb kem vdi cdu hdi dk suy nghi phucmg an trd Idi va nop bai ve cho giao vien.

gH|ffH

CHUONG V - SONG ANH SANG

ITink 4. Cdc ndi dung di hgc sinh tu on tap

^ ^ ^ ^ .. Sff f)5 2; GIAO THOA ANH SANG

Hinh 5. Sadd tuduy "Giao thoa dnh sdng"

- Bu&e 6: Lam bdi kiim tra online kit thiic bdi hpc

Sau khi HS da dn tap, ciing cd tdt ca cdc ndi dung cua bai hpc thi budc cudi cung la HS se lam mot bai kiem ti-a trdc ngbidm online dl ddnh gia xem npi dung kiln thiic cua bai hpc HS da ndm virng hay cbua, tii dd dieu chinh viec hpc ctia ban than cho phii hap

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TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHE - SO 18 - T R U O N G DAI HOC PHAM VAN D O N G

vd gido vien ciing dya vao kit qua lam bai kilm tra cua HS dl dilu chinh vice dgy nhdm giup cho HS dat dugc ket qua tdt han.

BjfWiJiSB i a ^ 7 m^raesi

Hinh 6. Cdc dgng bdi tgp trin website

Hinh 7. Thong ke ede thong sd sau khi hpe sinh ldm bdi kiem tra

CHlfONG V - S0M3 ANH SANG

31 $ 0APIHAC MAC WE CHl/ONO "SONG ANH SANG"

Wnh 8 Giao dien trang dien ddn

Ngoai ra, website con la noi HS co thi trao dai IciSn thiic thong qua muc "Dieii dan", hoac HS co tha tim liiSm cac thong tin moi trong thanh "Tim liita" va CO the download tai lieu a cac myc trong website...

Be vi?c thao luan ciia HS dat hieu qua cao, giao vien cjn phai dua ra cac chu de vira bo ich, vira thu hiit duoc sir quan tam cua HS. DS Ichong khi thao luan tten dien dan soi ndi nhimg khong cang thing, giao vien cjn thuong xuyen xem xet cac de tai, y kien

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TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - SO 1 8 - T R U O N G BAI HQC KHAM vAi-. il^JNG

raa HS thdo ludn, neu cd y kiln nao mang ndi dung thieu xdy dung, gido vidn cdn phai co sy nhdc nhd, tham chi xda bd y kidn dd neu thdy cdn thiet. Gido vien cung phai la nguai thudng xuyen giii y kidn len didn dan. Nhirng y kien nay ciia gido vien se vira Id ggi y, vira la sy dinb hudng cho HS trong qua trinh thdo ludn.

4. Ket lugn

Tren ca sd li luan day hpc hien dgi vd iing dung cdng nghe thdng tin vao day hpc, website thaylruong.vn dugc thiet kl hd trg HS ty hpc chuang "Sdng anh sang" Vgt li 12 THPT. Mac dii website chi mdi dugc xdy dyng va dua vao hpc tap tir dau hpc ky 2 nam hgc 2018-2019, nhung din nay da cd gdn 800 thanh vien ti-en cd nudc dang ky tai khodn vd tham gia cac khod hoc. Cdc phan tich dinh lugng ciing cho tbay tinb bieu qua cua viec sii dyng website bd trg hogt dpng ty hpc ctia HS, Ddy cQng la tdc nhdn tbtic ddy sy tich cue, ty lyc hogt dpng trong hpc tap, tao sy humg thii, say me cho HS, nhimg kiln thiic ma HS thu dugc thdng qua cdc hogt ddng ty hpc sdu sdc vd cd tinh bdn viing cao

TAI L I f U THAM KHAO

1. Abdullahi, H. (2014), "The role of ICT in teaching science education m schools".

International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (19), pp. 217-223.

2. Sarkar, S. (2012), "The role of inforraation and communication technology (ICT) in higher education for the 21st century". Science, 1(1), pp. 30-41.

3. Bemers-Lee, Tim, Mark Fiscbetti (1999), "Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor", Britain: Orion Business, ISBN 0-7528-2090-7.

4. Dong-xing, W. U. (2009), "Research on designing strategies of self-study supported with agriculture and forestry Topic-based leaming website

\iY. Agriculture Network Information, 2.

5. Bell, D. S., Fonarow, G. C , Hays, R. D., Mangione, C. M. (2000), "Self-shidy fi-om web-based and printed guideline materials: a randomized, controlled trial among resident physicians". Annals of internal medicine, 132(12), pp. 938-946.

*Triidng Dai hgc Su pham - Dai hgc Hue

**Tmdng Cao dang Su pham Gia Lai