qUAIVTRI-IIUANLV
NHAN DAN THAM GIA HOAT DONG QUAN LY CUA CHINH QUYEN DIA P H I J O N G :
THlJC TIEN VA VAN DE TIEP TUC NGHIEN Cifu DOI MCfl d VIET NAM
• NGO SY TRUNG
TOM TAT:
Sif tham gia cua nhan dan (ngifcti dan va cac to cbilc xa boi) vao boat d6ng quan ly cua chinh quy^n dia phu'dng la mdt trong nhiJng net cd ban trong to cbiJc va boat dpng cua nha nu'dc dan chu. Tuy nhien, mtfc do tham gia cua ngtfcii dan lai phan anh ro net tinh dSn chu cua moi quoc gia. Trong b^i viet nay, tac gia tap trung phan tich tbifc tien sif tham gia cua nhan dan vao boat dong quan ly cua chinh quyin dia phu'dng ViSt Nam theo quy dinh cua ph^p luSt bi$n h^nh, tii do cbi ra nbCng ifu diem, han cheva gdi y van de tie'p tuc nghien ciJu doi mdi.
Tit lihoa: Chinh quyin dia phifdng, nhan dan, quan ly.
1. Srf tham gia cua nhSn dan vao hoat dpng quan ly cua chinh quy^n dia phtfring
Trong boat dong quan nha nifdc d dia pbifdng, nhiem vu quan trong ma cd quan chinh quyen c^n thifc hien do la thu but difdc sd tham gia cua ngifcfi dan va cac td chu'c xa h6i de phat huy toi da cac nguon life phuc vu cho sif ph^t trifi'n kinh te - xa hoi dia phifdng. Ly do de chinh quyin dia phifdng phai thu hut sif diam gia cua ngifdi dan va cac tS chiJc xa h6i trong boat dpng quan ly nha nifdc xuat phdt tii dac diem, muc tieu cua hoat dong nay difdc nhigu nha nghien ciJu de cap tren khia canh quan Iri dia phu'dng [1], [3], [8], cu the la:
- X§y du'ng mot chinh quyen gan dan; Cd quan chinh quyen phai tao dilu kien de ngifdi dan va cac to chtfc xa hpi tham gia nhieu hdn vao cac cong viec cua dia pbifdng, gop phan tang cifdng trach nhiem cua chinh quyen trong vi6c ban hanh va thu'c thi cac quyet dinh quan ly.
- Phi tap trung hda boat ddng quan ly nha ntfdc The hi6n ro net nha't qua hoat ddng ttf quan cua cbinb quyen, theo do chinh quyen cd quyen huy dong moi nguon life cua dia phtfdng de thifc hien nhiem vu phat trien va sif tham gia cua ngtfdi dan, cua cac td chtfc xa hpi la nguon ltfc idn, khong th^ kbSng tinh den.
Vi6c thu hiit sif tham gia cua ngtfdi dan va cac id chtfc xa hpi thtfdng dtfpc thifc bien theo nhilu hinh thtfc phu hdp vdi dac diem chinh tri, kinh t6', van hoda... cua quo'c gia va ciia dia phu'dng, bao gom ca hinh thtfc trtfc ri6'p va gian tie'p.
- Hinb thtfc tham gia trifc tie'p: Ngtfdi dan va cac to chtfc xa hoi dtfdc quyen tham gia thao luan va kien nghi vdi cd quan chinh quyen ve cac va'n de cua dia phtfdng, du'dc quyen y kie'n trtfc tie'p vao qua trinh xay difng cac chinh sach cua cd quan chinh quyen. Theo do, cac cd quan chinh quyin trifdc khi ban hanh cbinb sach can co stf
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trtfng cau dan y va dieu nay difdc the che' boa mot each ro rang. Day la hinh thtfc dan chu d mtfc cao, difpc nhieu ntfdc tren the gidi da, dang thtfc hien va thtfc bi6n rat hieu qua, trd thanh van boa chinh tri cua quo'c gia.
- Hinh thtfc ibam gia gian tie'p: Ngtfdi dan va cac td chtfc xa hpi bay td y kie'n, nguyen vpng, kien nghi cua minh thdng qua cac dai bieu dan ctf theo quy dmh cua phap luat. Cac dai bleu dan ctf se thay mat nhan dan de tham gia hoach dinh chinh sach va giai quye't cac cong viec cua dia phtfdng. Day la each thtfc phd bien tren the gidi dtfdng dai, my nhien, viec ban ctf d mdi qud'c gia cung CO stf khac nhau nha't dinh dtfa tr6n dac diem cbinb tn, van hda... cua bo. Dieu do cung cd nghTa 1^ stf tham gia gian tie'p cua ngtfdi dan va cac to chtfc xa hpi vao boat dpng cua cbinb quyen dia phtfdng d mdi ntfdc cung khong gid'ng nhau.
De thu hiit dtfdc stf tham gia ciia ngtfdi dan va cac td chtfc xa hoi, ngoai nhtfng che' dinh phap luat ve quyin bau ctf, tfng ctf, v^ quyen gi^m sat, ki^'n nghi, ve trtfng c^u dan y... do'i vdi hg, cac nha lanh dao dia phu'dng phai tao dilu ki^n dd ngtfdi dan va cac td chtfc xa hoi tham gia nhieu hdn vao cdng viec cua dia phifdng. Viec nay phai dtfpc thtfc hien mot each cbinb thtfc, ro rang bang viec the che' boa, trong dd xac dinh cu the noi dung tham gia cua ngtfdi dan va cac t6 chtfc xa hoi vao boat dong quan ly cua chinh quyen:
Tham gia boat dSng ttf quan cd sd; tham gia thao luan, kie'n nghi chinh sach vdi chinh quyen,... ttf do gdp phan tang ctfdng trach nhiem cua chinh quyen trong viec ban hanh va thtfc bien cac quye't dinh chinh sach.
Tiiy theo dac diem che' dp cbinb tri cua mdi qud'c gia ma viec the che hda nay dtfdc quy dinh trong van ban luat cua Trung tfdng va ap dung thong nha't do'i vdi cac dia phtfdng (thtfdng d cac qud'c gia ddn nhS't) hoac dtfdc quy dinh trong van ban luat cua mdi dja phtfdng (thtfdng 6 cac qud'c gia lien bang). Viec the chg' hda stf tham gia cua ngtfdi dan va cac td chtfc xa bdi vao hoat dpng cua cbinb quyin dja phu'dng can dtfdc chu y ca phtfdng dien tham gia to chtfc va tham gia quan ly. Dieu do the bien y nghia cua sif ton trong quyen ttf do dan chu cua nhan dan trong thie't che dan chu - mdt xu hudng td chtfc chinh quy^n tie'n
bd cua the'gidi dUdng dai. Cung vdi quan lycfing viec theo phSn cS'p, phSn quyen thi quan !>? sif tham gia cua ngtfdi dan va cac td chtfc xa hdi khi dtfdc the che'hda mot each rd rang theo pham vi ndi dung quan ly nha ntfdc, se giiip cho cd quan chinh quyen co the huy dpng dtfdc stfc dSn mgt cachdd dang trong viec giai quye't cac nhiem vu theo ttfng ITnh vtfc dtfdc phan cap, pbSn quy^n.
Hoat ddng quan ly nha ntfdc d ca'p dia phtfdng tif do mdi phat buy dtfdc vai trd thtfc stf cua no vii thtfc stf cd y nghia khi ca cd quan ebinh quy^n, nhan dan ciing tifdng tac de giai quye't cd ke't qua cac cong viec ciia dia phtfdng, co ldi cho ca phia chinh quyen va nhan dan.
2. Thtfc t i l n nhan dSn tham gia hoat dpng quan ly cua chinh q u y i n dja phu'dng d Vi^t Nam
Tai Viet Nam, nhan dan thtfc hien quyen tham gia boat dpng quan ly cua chinh quyen dtfdc quy djnh ro trong nhieu van ban phap luat lifin quan dg'n to chtfc chinh quyen va dan chu cd sd [2], [4], [9], cu the la:
a) Nhdn ddn bdn vd triic tie'p quye't dinh nhi$m vif qudn ly phdt trien cua dia phitdng
Nhan dan ban va quye't dinh trtfc tie'p ve chu tru'dng va mtfc dong gdp xay dtfng cd sd ha tang, cac cong trinh phiic ldi cdng edng trong pham vi ca'p xa, thdn, td dan phd' do nhan dan dong gdp toan bp hoac mot phan kinh phi va cac cong viee khac trong ndi bd edng ddng dan cif phij hdp vdi quy dinh cua phap luat. N6'u tren 50%
tdng so' ctf tri hoac ctf tri dai dien hp gia dinh trong thon, td dan phd' hoac trong toan cSp xa tan thanh thi cd gia tri thi hanh (Di^u 10, Dilu 12, Pha p le nh 34/2007/PL-UBTVQHl 1) difdi sif giam sat cua cbinb quyen va cac doan the nhSn dan dja phtfdng.
Cd le, day la ndi dung ttf quye't ban hep (ccf sd ha tang, cac cdng trinh phuc ldi cdng cong) cua nhan dan dia phtfdng va dd chi la nhffng van de cua dia phtfdng do nhSn dan ttf ddng gdp kinh phi mdt each trtfc tie'p. Tren thtfc te, cdn ra't nhi^u va'n de khac cua dia phtfdng can dtfdc nhan dan tham gia ban va quye't dinh, vi dd la va'n de'n lien quan trtfc tie'p dS'n ddi sd'ng kinh te, van boa, xa hdi ciia cong ddng dan cu dia phtfdng, nhif cac boat ddng san xua't, kinh doanh gan vdi sd lien
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ket cong ddng, van hda ban dia cua dSn ctf dia phtfdng (kinh doanh du lich cdng ddng; san xuat kinh doanh san pham truyin thd'ng,....). VS'n de nay can dtfpc cdc nha lanh dao quan tam ngbi6n ciJu them de ti6'p tuc phat buy quyen lam chu ciia nhan dan bong viec ttf quyg't cac va'n de lien quan trifc tie'p din ddi sd'ng kinh te, van hda, xa hdi ciia ho d dia ban dan cif
b) Nhdn ddn bdn, Heu quyet de cdp cd thdm quyen quyet dinh nhiem VH qudn ly phdt trien cua dia phUdng
Nhan dan ban va bieu quyg't ve hUdng Udc, quy u'dc ciia thdn, td dSn phd'; bau, mien nhiem, bai nhiem Trifdng thdn, Td trtfdng id dan phd';
bau, bai nhiem thanh vien Ban thanh tra nhan dan, Ban giam sat dau ttf eiia edng ddng. Gia tri thi hanh cua nhffng ndi dung nhSn din ban va bieu quye't nay dUdc xac dinh nhtf sau (Dieu 13, Dieu 15, Phap lenh sd 34/2007/PL-UBTVQHl 1):
+ Dd'i vdi vi§c ban va bieu quye't ve htfdng lfdc, quy Udc ciia thdn, td dSn phd', n6'u tren 50%
cdng sd ctf tri hoac ctf tri dai di6n bd gia dinh trong thdn, td dan phd tan thanh tbi cd gia tri tbi hanh sau khi Uy ban nhan dan cap huyen ra quye't dinh cdng nhan.
+ Dd'i vdi viec bau, mien nhidm, bai nhidm Tru'dng thdn, ne'u cd tren 50% tdng so'ctf tri hoac ctf tri dai dien hd gia dinh trong thdn, td dan phd' tan thanh thi cd gia tn thi hanh sau khi Uy ban nhSn dan cS'p xa ra quye't dinh cdng nhin.
+ Dd'i vdi vigc bau, bai nhiem thanh vien Ban thanh tra nhan dan, Ban giam sat dau ttf cua cdng ddng, ne'u cd tren 50% tdng sd' ctf tri hoac ctf tri dai dien hd gia dinh tan thanh thi cd gia trj thi hanh sau kbi dUde Uy ban Mat trSn Td qud'c Vi6t Nam ca'p xa cdng nhan.
Vdi nhffng quy dinh tren, cd the tha'y cdng viec ndi bp ciia cdng ddng dan ctf dm phtfdng ben canh viec td chtfc bd may mang tinh ttf quan cdng ddng dtfdc cd quan cbinb quyen, doan the sd tai cd tham quyen cdng nhSn va giam sat thtfc hien (bau, miln nhiem, bai nhidm Trtfdng thdn, To tru'dng to din phd'; bau, bai nhiem thanh vien Ban thanh tra nhan dan. Ban giam sat dau ttf ciia cdng dong.), cdn ed nhtfng vide mang tinh quy tfdc ndi bp, tu quan cdng ddng (hu'dng tfdc, quy tfdc ciia thdn, td dSn phd';) lai phai cd stf tham gia cua
chinh quyen cap tren (ca'p huyen) mdt each sau sac bang binh thtfc phe chuan, cdng nhSn, Ve mat hinh thtfc, di^u nay da lam giam tinh thin lam chii thtfc stf cua nhan dan dia phifdng.
c) Nhdn ddn tham gia ddng gop y kie'n ddi vdi chUdng trinh, dti dn do chinh quyen dia phUOng xdy dting vd thiic hien co Uen quan den sii phdt trien kinh te- xd hqi cua diaphUcdig
Chinh quyen dia phtfdng cd trach nhiem thdng bao de nhan dan bie't va tham gia ddng gdp y kid'n dd'i vdi ckc chtfdng trinh, dtf an tren, ddng thdi cd trach nhidm, tdng hdp, nghidn ctfu, tid'p thu de hoan thidn va tridn khai thifc hidn chUdng trinh, dif an (Didu 13, Nghi dinh sd04/2015/ND- CP). Cac chtfdng tnnh, dtf an can la'y y kie'n nhan dan bao gdm (Dieu 19, Phap lenh sd 34/2007/PL~
UBTVQHl 1):
-I-Kd'hoach phat tridn kinh td'-xa hoi ciia cap xa; phifdng an chuyen ddi cd ca'u kmh te', cd cau san xua't; de an dinh canh, djnh ctf, vung kinh te' mdi va phtfdng an phat trien ngdnh ngbl ciia Cti'p x a .
+ Quy hoach, ke'hoachstf dung dat chi tie't va phtfdng an dieu chinh; vide quan ly, stf dung quy da't cua cap xa.
-I- Kd'hoach tridn khai cac chUdng irlnh, dtf an tren dia ban cap xa; chii trtfdng, phtfdng an den bu, hd trd giai phdng mat bang, xay dtfng cd sd ha tang, tai djnh ctf; phtfdng an quy hoach khu dan ctf.
+ Dd an thanh Idp mdi, nhap, chia ddn vi banh chinh, dieu cbinb dia gidi hanh cbinb lien quan trtfc tie'p de'n cap xa.
+ Nhtfng va'n de khac dn phai lay y kie'n nhSn dan theo quy djnh ciia phap luSt, theo yeu cau ciia cd quan nha ntfdc cd tham quyen hoac ebinh quyen ca'p xa thay can thie't.
Ndi dung nay cho tha^y, nhan dan thtfc hidn quyen lam chii ciia minh trong vide tham gia ddng gdp y kie'n dd'i vdi cac chtfdng trinh dtf an ciia cd quan chinh quyen, the' nhifng lai chtfa cd quyen lam chii trong viec ttf xay difng chtfdng trinh, dtf an lien quan de'n stf phdt tnen kinh te' - xa hdi dia phtfdng va de xua't chinh quyen nghien ctfu thtfe hien. Day cung Id vS'n de can dtfdc tie'p tuc nghien ctfu mdt cdch nghiem tuc de nhan dan ihifc sif la nhffng ngtfdi lam chu d dia ban cd sd.
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d) Nhdn ddn kie'n nghi, phdn dnh vdi lanh dao chinh quyen dia phiiOng qua hoi nghi tiep xuc cvttri, chUOng trinh tiep dan, hdm thUgopy ciia CO quan chinh quyen.
Chinh quyen dia phtfdng cd trach nhidm id chtfc Hdi nghi tie'p xuc ctf tri trifdc va sau ky hpp Hoi ddng nhan dan de thu thap y kie'n, nguyen vpng ciia ctf tri; chi dao viec bd tri ndi tie'p dan, thtfc hien viec tie'p dan va td cbtfchdm thtf gdp y;
chi dao ngtfdi phu trach edng tac banh chinh cua cd quan cung dai dien Ban Thanh tra nhan dan ciia ed quan hang tuan md hdm thtf gdp y, nghien ctfu vd de xua't giai quye't cac y kie'n gdp y difpc gtfi de'n, bao cao lanh dao chinh quyen dia phtfdng de de ra nhffng bien phdp hpp ly nham tie'p thu va giai quye't cac y kie'n gdp y (Dieu 13, Nghi dinh so' 04/2015/ND-CP). Day la mdt bien phap de nhan dan thtfc hien quyen lam ehii mdt each thu'dng xuyen ma nhieu quo'c gia da va dang thifc hidn. Tuy nhien, hieu qua ciia bien phap nay phu thudc vao each thtfc trien khai thtfc hien Irong thtfc XB' (tan sua't tie'p dan; thai dp va trdch nhiem tie'p thu y kid'n ciia dan,...).
Nhan xet ve thtfc tien stf tham gia cua nhan dan vao boat ddng quan ly ciia chinh quyen dia phtfdng d Viet Nam theo quy djnh ciia phap luat hien hanh, cd thd nhan tha'y mdt so' tfu diem va ban che'nhtf sau:
- Thd nhd't, nhan dan dUdc true tie'p tham gia hoat ddng quan ly ciia ebinh quyen dia phUdng.
Dieu nay the hien tinh cha't dan ehii trtfc tie'p va tfu diem the hien stf ttfdng tdc giffa ehinh quyen vdi nhan dan, la mdt trong nhffng ye'u td' quan trong dd xdy dtfng nba ntfdc phap quyen. Mdt so' ndi dung tham gia trtfc tie'p ciia nhan dan gdm:
(1) Tham gia gdp y kie'n vao eac chtfdng trinh, dtf an phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi do chinh quyen dia phtfdng xay dtfng va thtfc bien; (2) Ban va quye't dinh trtfc tie'p mdt sd' va'n de thupc nhiem vu quan ly xa hdi dia phtfdng (chii tnfdng va mtfc ddng gop xay dtfng cd sd ba tang, cong trinh phuc ldi cdng cdng); (3) Ban va bie'u quye't mot sd'van de thudc nhiem vu quan ly xa hdi dia phtfdng (hUdng tfdc, quy tfdc eiia thdn, td dan phd'; bau, midn nhiem, bai nhiem Trtfdng thdn, Td trtfdng to dan phd'; bau, bai nhiem thanh vien Ban thanh tra nhan ddn, Ban gidm sat dau ttf eiia cdng ddng);
(4) Kie'n nghi, phan anb vdi chinh quy^n dia phtfdng thdng qua Hdi nghi tie'p xuc ctf tri trifdc va sau ky bop Hdi ddng nhan dan, thong qua cac chifdng trinh tie'p dan va hdm thtf gdp y.
- r/fM" hai, nhan dan tham gia vao boat dpng cua chinh quyen d mtfc dp ban che' ca vd hinh thtfc va ndi dung, la mot ban che' can tiep tuc quan tam nghien ctfu, cu the:
-I- Nhan dan cbi dtfdc bdn va trtfc tie'p nhiem vu quan ly phat trie'n dia pbifdng d pham vi hep.
Dd la viec ttf quye't ve chti tru'dng vd mtfc dong gdp xdy dtfng cd sd ba tang, cac cong trinh phiic ldi cdng cong do chinh hp ddng gdp. Trong khi dd, cd ra't nhieu va'n de khac lidn quan trtfc tie'p de'n phat trien kinh te, van hda, xa hdi gdn vdi cong ddng dan ctf thi hp lai khong dtfdc trtfc tie'p ban va quye't dinh, chdng ban nbtf cac boat dpng san xua'l, kinh doanh gan vdi stf lien kd't cdng ddng, van hda ban dja: Kinh doanh du Ijch cdng ddng; san xua't kinh doanh san pham truydn thd'ng,...
+ NhSn dan khdng dtfdc quy dinh quyen de xua't sang kie'n phat tnen kinh te' - xa hdi dja phUdng gan vdi viec bao dam quyen, ldi ich hdp phap ciia ho va de nghj hoac gay stfc ep de chinh quyen nghien ctfu trie'n khai thtfc hidn. Trong khi day la binh thtfc the hien sff tham gia trtfc tie'p va dan chu d mtfc dp cao ciia nhan dan dd'i vdi hoai ddng quan ly nha ntfdc dtfdc nhieu ctfdng qudc (Hoa Ky, Nhat Ban) da, dang thtfc hien vd thifc hien kha thdnh cdng, thi Viet Nam ciing nen quan tam nghien ctfu va trien khai thtfc hien.
3. Grfi y vS'n d^ tie'p tuc nghien ctfu d6'i mdi Ttf thtfc tidn boat ddng quan ly ciia chinh quyen dia phifdng d Viet Nam tren ddy, tdc gi^
bai vie't gdi y va'n de tie'p tuc nghien ctfu doi mdi, do la md rdng quyen ciia nhan dan tham gia hoat ddng quan ly eiia cbinb quyen dia phtfdng.
a) MIIC tieu md rQng quyen cua nhdn dan tham gia hoqt dong qudn ly ciia chinh quyen dia phiiOng
Viec md rdng quyen ciia nhdn ddn tham gia boat dpng quan ly ciia chinh quyen dia phffdng nham muc tieu vffa phat huy quyen lam chii ciia nhan dan, vtfa dam bao eho chinh quyen huy ddng dtfdc td'i da cac nguon life cho phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi dia phu'dng
QUAN TRj-QUAN LY
b) NQI dung, y nghia viec md rong quyen cua nhan ddn tham gia hoqt dqng qudn ly cua chinh quyen dia phiidng
-Thie't lap chd'do quyen ciia nhan dan trong viec de xuat vdi chinh quyen sang kie'n, chtfdng trinh, dtf an phat trien dia phtfdng va de nghj hoac gay ap Itfc mot each hdp phap de chinh quydn dja phffdng nghien ctfu tridn khai thtfc hien nhdm phuc vu Idl ich chung.
- Thie't lap che dd trach nhiem ciia chinh quyen trong vide tie'p thu sang kie'n, chtfdng trinh, dtf an phat trien dia phtfdng ciia nhan dan va td chtfc nghien ctfu trien khai thtfe hien nham bao dam phuc vu td't nhd't cac quyen va ldi ich hdp phap ciia nhSn dSn.
Va'n de md rdng quyen ciia nhan dan tham gia hoat dpng quan ly nhd ntfdc eiia chinh quyen dia phffdng n^u tren dffdc thifc bien, co y nghTa dd'i vdi ca phia chinh quyen va ca phia nhan dan dia phffdng, cu thd la:
- Khi nhdn dan cd quydn dd xua't sang kie'n, chu'dng trinh, dff dn phat trien dia phtfdng, hp se quan tdm hdn de'n boat ddng quan ly nha nifdc cfia chinh quyen; chu ddng gdp stfc vdi chinh quyen dd phat trien kmh te' - xa hdi dja phtfdng.
Dieu nay con the hien rd dtfdc stf ttfdng tac giffa chinh quyen va nhdn ddn trong viec trien khai thffc hien cac nhiem vu chung ciia dia phtfdng.
- Khi nhan ddn ed quyen de nghi hoac gay ap life mot cdch hdp phdp vdi chinh quyen trong viec nghi6n ctfu trien khai thtfc hidn sang kie'n, chtfdng trinh, dtf an phdt trien dia phu'dng do hp de xua't, chinh quyen se cd stf quan tam mdt each nghiem tuc hdn de'n viec phdt huy cae ngudn life ciia dia phffdng. Tff dd, chinh quyen cd sff ltfa chpn td't hdn cho nhffng quye't dinh chinh sach phuc vu phat trien kinh te'- xa hdi, dap tfng mong dpi cua nhdn dan tren dja ban.
c) Cd sd gidi thich vi^c md rqng quyen cua nhan ddn tham gia hoqt dqng qudn ly ciia chinh quyen dia phUcftig
- Ve cosd ly luan:
Khi de cap den quan tri phdt trien xa hdi dia phifdng, nhieu nha khoa hpc va quan ly tren the' gidi da de cap, phan tich khang djnh stf ttfdng tac cua chinh quyen vd nhan dan trong hoat ddng quan ly nha ntfdc cd'p dia phtfdng: "Hoat ddng ttf
quan cua chinh quyen dja phtfdng va stf tham gia ciia nhieu chu the vao cac cdng viec ciia edng ddng" [1] hoac "Viec quan ly nha nu'dc d cd'p dia phtfdng khdng chi thupc ve bp may chinh quyen ma cdn thudc ve ca cdng ddng ndi chung vd nhtfng ttfdng tac gitfa cdng ddng vdi cac cd quan cdng quyen dia phtfdng" [8], trong dd nguyen tac cd ban de thtfc hien la "cdng ddng dan ctf dia phu'dng dtfdc ttf quye't dinh mot cdch thtfe cha't viec giai quye't nhtfng cdng viec chung ciia cdng ddng dia phUdng trong khudn khd Hie'n phap va luat vi ldi ich chung" [3]. Do dd, vide md rdng stf tham gia ciia ngUdi dan vdo hoat ddng quan ly nha ntfdc eiia ehinh quyen la phii hdp vdi quan mem, nguyen tac chung dtfpc cdng ddng quan tam, khang dinh, thffa nhdn trong xa hdi dan chii.
- Ve CO sd phdp ly:
Hien phdp nam 2013 ciia Viet Nam da cd nhieu ndi dung quy dinh ve quyen eon ngtfdi, quyen cdng dan, trdch nhiem cua cac cd quan nhd ntfdc, can bd, cdng chtfc trong viec dap tfng cac quydn va ldi ich hdp phap ciia nhan dan. Dd'i vdi Nha nUdc, "Nha nifdc bao dam vd phat huy quyen lam chu ciia nhan dan; cdng nhan, tdn trong, bao ve vd bao dam quydn con ngtfdi, quydn cdng ddn; thtfc hien muc tieu ddn gidu, ntfdc manh, dan chu, cdng bang, van mmh, mpi ngtfdi ed cudc sdng a'm no, ttf do, hanh phuc, cd dieu kidn phat trien todn dien" (Dieu 3) va "cd quan nha nifdc, can bp, cdng chtfc, vien chtfc phai tdn trpng nhdn dan, tan tuy phuc vu nhdn dan, lien he chat che vdi nhan dan, Idng nghe y kie'n va chiu sff giam sdt ciia nhdn ddn" (Dieu 8). Dd'i vdi nhan dan, "quyen con ngtfdi, quyen cdng dan cbi cd the bi han che theo quy djnh ciia phap luat trong trtfdng hdp can thie't vi ly do qud'c phdng, an ninh qud'c gia, trdt ttf, an toan xa hdi, dao dtfc xa hdi, stfc khoe ciia cdng ddng" (Dieu 14) va
"cdng dan cd trach nhiem thtfc hien nghTa vu dd'i vdi nha ntfdc va xa hdi; quyen cdng ddn khdng tach rdi nghia vu cdng dan" (Dieu 15).
Nhtf vay, Hie'n phdp cbi gidi han quyen con ngtfdi, quyen cdng dan trong trUdng hdp can thie't lien quan de'n qud'c phdng, an ninh qud'c gia... vd bat budc cd quan nha nifdc, can bd, cdng chtfc phai cd nghla vu lang nghe y kie'n ciia nhan dan...
Dieu do cho tha'y, viec de xua't sang kie'n, chUdng
So 10-Thang 5/2019 187
TAP CHi CQNG THirUNG
trinh, dtf an phat trien dia phtfdng la mdt trdng nhffng quyen cd ban gan vdi nghTa vu cua mdi ngtfdi dan va chinh quyen dia phtfdng phai lang nghe bang each the bien trdch nhiem tie'p thu, nghien ctfu trien khai thtfc hien de Idm trdn nghTa vu tan tuy phuc vu nhdn dan. Chinh vl le dd, viee md rdng quyen tham gia ciia nhan dan vdo boat ddng quan ly ciia chinh quyen nhtf da neu tren la phii hdp vdi Hie'n phdp nam 2013, the hien du'dc tinh than phat huy quyen con ngtfdi, quyen cdng ddn vd trach nhiem ciia cd quan nha ntfdc trong vi6c bao dam quydn con ngtfdi, quyen edng ddn.
- Ve CO sd thuc lien:
O Viet Nam, nhan dan cd quydn tham gia y kie'n ddi vdi nhtfng chtfdng trinh, dtf dn lien quan de'n quan ly phdt trien dia phtfdng do chinh quyen xay dung, nhifng chifa cd quyen tu minh de xua't sang kie'n, chtfdng trinh, dtf an va dd nghj ehinh quyen dja phtfdng nghien ctfu trien khai. Dieu nay khdng ehi ldm ban chd ve quyen con ngtfdi, quyen cdng dan, ma cdn lam ban chd' viec phdt huy cac ngudn ltfc cho stf phat tnen dia phifdng ciia cd quan chinh quyen sd tai, trong khi va'nde ndy dd vd dang dtfdc thffc hien khd thanh cdng d nhieu qud'c gia. Tai Hoa Ky, ngUdi ddn ciia cdc tieu bang ed quyen trtfc tie'p de xud't sang kid'n vdi cd quan chinh quyen bang hinh thtfc de an, ddng thdi yeu cau bd phie'u thdng qua va thtfc te' ed nhtfng thdi diem "khoang 75% chinh quyen dia phtfdng dp dung sang kie'n ciia ngudiddn"[6].
Tai Nhdt Ban, ngtfdi dan dtfdc trao quyen ttf quan ciia ddn ctf song song vdi ttf quan ciia chinh quyen, dd la quyen quye't dinh ciia chinh ctf dan dd'i vdi cac va'n de chung ciia dia phtfdng va van menh cda chinh hp, bao gdm ca quyen tham van, de xud't chinh sdch, chtfdng trinh bdnh ddng;
quyen boat ddng tinh thdn, ttf do than thd, boat ddng kinh te', binh dang trtfdc phap luat, quydn cd ban ve xa hdi, viec lam,... [7]. Dd'i vdi nhan
dan ntfdc Phdp, hp cung cd stf thoai mai thtfc hifn quyen con ngudi, quyen cdng dan, trong dd ci3 viec tham gia sdu rdng vao boat ddng cua chinh quyen dja phu'dng theo quy djnh ciia phap luat:
Phap luat ntfdc Phap chi cam cac hanh dpng c(5 hai cho xa hpi; khuye'n khich dan chii, tif do va sif sang tao ciia cdng ddng, ke ca dd'i vdi nhffng ngtfdi nhdp ctf, da tao ra siJf gan ke't, hoa hdp, gop phan xay dtfng, duy tri, phdt trien tinh than doan ke't, hdp tdc gitfa cac bp phdn trong cdng ddng dan ctf (5].
Nhffng cdsd ly luan, cdsd phap ly, cdsd thifc tidn tren day da cho tha'y stf can thie't va phu hcfp ciia viee md rdng quyen nhan dan tham gia hoat ddng quan ly ciia chinh quyen dja phtfdng 6 Vi^t Nam. Dieu nay khdng chi bien thtfc hda tmh than ciia Hie'n phdp ve quyen con ngifdi, quyen cong dan, ma cdn hien thtfc hda cac quy dinh vd trach nhiem ciia cd quan nhd mfdc trong viec bao dam thifc hi6n quyen con ngtfdi, quyen cdng dan, ddng thdi cung giiip cac ct3 quan chinh quyen phdt huy dUdc td'i da cac ngudn lffc phuc vu cho stf phai tnen kinh te' - xa hdi dia phtfdng.
4. Ket luan
Vdi each tie'p can ly thuye't ve quan ly nha ntfdc, tac gia da chi ra difpc nhtfng tfu diem, han che' ttf thtfc tien stf tham gia ciia nhan dan viio boat dpng quan ly ciia chinh quyen dja phtfdng^
Viet Nam va gdi y va'n de tie'p tuc nghien cu'u d^i mdi, dd Id md rdng quyen ciia nhan dan tham gia boat ddng quan ly nha nu'dc ciia chinh quyen dia phtfdng. Ke't qua nghien ctfu khdng chi cd y nghTa dd'i vdi chinh tac gia trong viec thtfc hidn cac nghien ctfu tie'p theo lien quan de'n chii de ve to chtfc va quan ly ciia cbinb quyen dia phtfdng, ma cdn cd gia trj tham khao dd'i vdi cdc nhd lanh dao trong vide dieu chinh chinh sdch, pbapludtnham tie'p tuc cai each, riep tuc phat huy quyen Idm chu eiia nhdn dan •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Ann O'M. Bowman, Richard C.Kearney (2011), "Stale and local government", 8th ed Boston MA - Wadsworlh, al 270.
2. Chinh phd (2015), Nghi dinh sd 04/2015/ND-CP ngdy 09/01/2015 ve ihytc hien dan chu trong hoat dong cua CO quan hdnh chinh nhd nudc vd dem vi su nghiep cong Iqp.
qUANTRj-qUANLV
i, NguySn Vdn Cuang, ''Kinh nghiem qudc te ve tU qudn dia phucmg vd mdt sdgai y ve viec tie'p tue hodn ihien cache qudn tri dia phuong cho Viel Nam", Trang ihong tin dien lH Vien Khoa hoc Phdp ly - Bg Tuphdp. dia cM http://khpl.moj.gov. vn/qt/iinluc/Pages/nghien-cuu-lrao-doi. aspx ?ltemID=31
4. Qudc hgi (2015), Ludt To chiic chinh quyen dia phUOng. Ludt sd77/2015/QH13
5. Sylvia Zappi, "French Government Revives Assimilation Policy", in Migration Policy Institute "Archived copy", dia chi: https://vt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1p
6. Toequeville. A. (2002), "Democracy in America", Henry Reeve, The Pensylvania State University, Vol.1 &2.
7. Phuong Hdu TUng (2018), "Tim hieu ve qudn tri dia phuong cua Nhdt Bdn qua cdch ihiic to chiic hoqt ddng cda chinh quyin", Ky ye'u Hgi thdo khoa hpc Qudn tri dta phuong: Nhung vd'n de ly ludn vd ihuctien, Trudng Dai hoc Ngi vu Hd Ngi.
8. USAID - United Stale Agencefor International Development (2000), "Decenlrallzalion and democratic local governance programming handbook".
9. Vy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi (2007), Phdp linh sd34/2007/PL-UBTVQHll ve thiic hien ddn chd dxd, phUdng, thi trd'n.
Ngay nh$n bai: 17/4/2019
Ngay phan bidn d a n h gia v a suTa chifa: 27/4/2019 Ngay chap nhan d a n g bai: 7/5/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
TS. NGO SY T R U N G Trtfdng D a i hpc N^i v u H a NOi
THE PARTICIPATION OF PEOPLE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT:
CURRENT SITUATION AND CONTINUINGLY INNOVATE THIS PARTICIPATION IN VIETNAM
Ph.D NGO SY TRUNG Hanoi University of Home Affairs
ABSTRACT:
The participation of people and social organizations in the management of local government is one of the basic features of the organization and operation of a democratic state. Hovi'ever, the level of this participation clearly reflects the democracy of each country. This article analyses the situation of the Vietnamese people's participation in the local government in accordance vi'ith the current law, thereby pointing out the advantages and hmitations and suggesting vi/ays to continuingly innovate this participation.
Keywords: Local government, people, management.
