I NGHIEN CCfU • TRAO B6I III
VAN HOA CHINH TRI VA VAN HOA CONG VU
Phan Xuan Sdn'
Tom tdt: Gidi quyet moi quan he gida vdn hda chinh tri vd vdn hda cong vu cd y nghia to ldn ve ly ludn vd thUc tien. Vdn hda chinh tri vd vdn hda cong vu phdn dnh moi quan he gida chinh tri vd cdng vu. Vdn hda cong vu Id mgt bo phgn cua vdn hda chinh tri. Id nhdng hieu hien rieng, dgc thii cua vdn hda chinh tri. Vdn hda chinh tri vd vdn hda cdng vu quan he chat che vdi nhau, trong do, vdn hda chinh tri Id nen tdng, tren cd sd do, van hda chinh tri dddc chuyen hda thdnh nhdng gid tri, cdc chudn mdc, cdc quy tac dng xd trong cdng vu... Do vai trd ndy, vdn hda cdng vu trd thdnh thudc do cho qud trinh thdc hdnh vdn hoa chinh tri trong cdc to chdc nhd nUdc vd trong thdc thi quyen ldc nhd nddc.
Tiikhda: vdn hda chinh tri, vdn hda congvu, moi quan he gida vdn hda chinh tri vd vdn hda cdng vu
Abstract: Solving the relationship between political culture and public culture has great significance in theory and practice. Political culture and public culture reflect the relationship between politics and public service. Public culture is apart of political culture, its own manifestations, specific to political culture. Political culture and public culture are closely related, in which, political culture is the foundation, on that basis, political culture is transformed into values, norms and rules inpublic affairs... Due to this role, public culture becomes a measure of the process of practicing political culture in state organizations and in the exercise of state power
Keywords: Political culture, public culture, the relationship between political culture and public culture
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 03/4/2019 Ngdy sda bdi: 11/5/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng: 25/5/2019 1. Moi quan he gifla van hda chinh tri va viee xac dinh nhfing hinh thdc, nhiem vu van hda cdng vu phan anh moi quan he ndi dung hoat ddng cua nha nUdc.
gifla "chinh tri" va "cdng vu".
Cac quan mem ve ehinh tri ndi chung Chinh tri la moi quan he gifla eac giai cap, deu xac dinh hai van dl cd ban lien quan cae dan toe, eac lUc lUdng xa hpi trong din nha nUdc - trung tam cua he thone viec gianh, gifl va thiie thi quyin lUe nha chinh tri, va cung td dd liln quan den van nUdc, la trung tam eua eac moi quan he hda chfnh tri: (i) Gianh va gifl quyen luc gifia cae nhdm xa hpi la cdng viec nha nha nUdc; (ii) To chdc va thuc thi quyen nUdc, la vile vach hudng di cho nha nUde, lUc nha nUdc. To ehUc va thUe thi quyin '•' GS. TSKH, Hgc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
10 I Tap chi Khoa hoc Ndi vu
\ \ \ NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D6I lUc nha nddc, thUe chat la to chdc va van
hanh he thdng cae cd quan nha nUdc, td chdc va thUe hien quan ly nha nUdc trin mpi mat cua ddi song xa hpi. He thdng cac ed quan do edn dUpc gpi la he thong cdng vu. Nhu vay, edng vu hay he thong cdng vu cd ndi dung hep hdn chinh tri va he thdng ehinh tri. Nhin ehung, tren thi gidi, cd r^t nhilu to ehUe chinh tri, chinh tri-xa hpi la nhflng chii the cua he thong chinh tri, nhUng khdng la chu thi cua he thdng cdng vu.
To ehdc va thUc thi quyen lUc nha nUdc la hai van dl cd muc tieu, nhiem vu, phUdng thdc rat khac nhau nhUng lien quan chat ehe vdi nhau, lam tiln de dieu kiln va anh hUdng den nhau, deu bi chi phdi bdi hai chdc nang ed ban cua nha nUdc la ehUe nang chfnh tri va ehdc nang xa hpi. Viec to chdc va vdn hanh bp may nha nUdc la nhilm vu cua toan thi xa hpi, nham muc tieu phue vu toan xa hdi, thUc thi quyen lUe chinh tri eua nhan dan va cdn gpi la cae ed quan edng quyen.
Dl thUc hien chdc nang edng quyin, bp may nha nUdc la mpt he thong gom nhieu cd quan, vdi nhflng con ngUdi ed vi tri, nang lUe khac nhau, thUe hiln nhflng nhilm vu khae nhau, dUpe gpi la he thdng cdng vu. Ngay nay, d mdt sd nUde md rpng he thdng edng vu bang viec nha nUdc thue eac to ehdc ngoai nha nUde eung dng dieh vu cdng va nhflng to chdc nhfl vSy ed the dUde coi la thUe thi cdng vu. NhUng vl ca ban, edng chdc, vien chdc nha nUdc mdi la ngUdi thUe thi edng vu, dUde bien ehe trong mpt cd quan nhat dinh, ed vi tri vile lam nhat dinh, thiie hien nhflng nhiem vu nhat dinh va dUdc nha nUde tra lUdng.
ThUc thi edng vu la mdt loai lao ddng quyen lUe, lao ddng phap ly hay cdn gpi la lao dpng quan ly. Vi vay, eung nhu eae loai lao ddng khac, ngUdi lao ddng deu phai hanh ddng tren cd sd nhfing nin tang van hda nhat dinh.
He thdng edng vu ed chdc nang hien thUe hda nhflng gia tri, chuan mUe chinh tri raa he thong chfnh tri va toan xa hdi lUa chpn theo duoi. Nhu vay, he thdng cdng vu vdi tu each la rapt phan cua he thong ehinh tri, tat ylu phai hoat dpng tren nen tang van hda chfnh tri. Ngoai ra, he thong edng vu eo vi tri, chdc nang vai trd rieng trong thUc thi quyen lUc nha nUdc, chu yeu la to ehdc va v^n hanh bp may hanh phap, quan ly hanh chinh nha nUde, ddi hdi phai tuan thu nhflng chuan raUc riing.
Td do hinh thanh nhfing chuan mUe van hda rieng, gpi la "van hda eong vu". Ndi each khac, dd la mdt tieu he thdng van hda trong tong the van hda chinh tri qude gia ma mdi cd quan nha nUdc, moi edng chfie, vien chdc phai tuin thu. NhU vay, van hda cdng vu la rapt bp phan eua van hda ehinh tri, la nhflng bil'u hien riing, dac thu eua van hda chfnh tri. Van hda chinh tri va van hda cdng vu quan he chat che vdi nhau, trong do, van hda chfnh tri la nen tang. Tren cd sd dd hinh thanh cae gia tri, eac chuan mUc va quy tac dng xd trong van hda cdng vu. Cung ehinh do dae tfnh nay, van hda cdng vu dUdc eoi la bieu hien cu the eua van hda chfnh tri va la thudc do thiie hanh van hda chinh tri trong eac to chdc nha nUdc va trong thiic thi quyin lUc nha nUde.
2. Van hoa cong vu cu the hda, chuan mdc hda nhuUg gia tri cua van hoa chinh tri Tap chi Khoa hoc Ndi vu ] 11
I NGHliN COU - TRAO DOI / / / Cd the hieu van hda chinh tri bang nhieu each: la "lam chinh tri ed van hda"
la "nhfing thanh tUu chfnh tri trong qua trinh tiln hda cda loai ngUdi", hay "van hda trong chfnh tri"...Moi each hiiu cd nhflng ham y nhat dinh. Tuy nhiln, tUu trung lai, van hda chinh tri la mpt phUdng dien cua van hda, coi nhflng thanh tUu chfnh tri la rapt trong nhflng thanh tUu sang tao cua nhan loai vi le sinh ton cua minh.
Ndi ve eau true eua van hda chinh tri, ngay nay cd nhilu each tilp can. Moi each tiep can deu cd tinh hdp ly va hfiu dung riing phuc vu cho muc dich nghien edu eua tdng trUdng phai, tdng nha nghien eUu.
Cac nghiin cdu van hda chinh tri that sU bat dau td gifla thi ky XX, ban dau la ly giai
"van hda chinh tri" trong cac hpc thuyit, ly thuyit cua eae nha tU tUdng chfnh tri va viee van dung nd trong qua trinh to chdc va van hanh cae md hinh nha nUde. O phUdng Ddng, cd cac nghien edu ve Khdng Td, Lao Td, Han Phi Td...va eoi nhfing dieu ran, nhflng phUdng cham hanh dpng, nhflng chuan mile eua cac dng de xuat la
"van hda chinh tri", nhU: "Tam cUdng, ngd thudng" (Khdng Td), "vd vi nhi tri" (Lao Tii), "Phap-Thl-Thuat" (Han Phi Td)...Cac md hinh "van hda ehinh tri" dd dupc khai quat thanh eae md hinh van hda chfnh tri:
"Ddc tri"," Vd vi tri", "Phap tri"...
d phUdng Tay, td thdi co dai cho din thdi dai khai sang, van dl "van hda chinh tri" dupe nghien edu nhU ddi tUdng cua Trilt hpc, chu trpng giai quyet nhflng van dl lien quan din tU tUdng chinh tri, dU luan xa hoi, tam ly ca nhan va tinh each
dan tde. Diln hinh cho viec nghien cdu van hda chfnh tri d phUdng Tay la trUdng hpp Alexis de Tocqueville, khi dng nghien cdu vl van hda chinh tri My va da dUa ra nhflng khai quat ve cac gia tri van hda chinh tri My, gom: tU do, binh dang, dan chu, chu nghia ca nhin, nha nUdc phap quyin, chd nghia dan tpc, chu nghia tU ban [1].
Chung ta ed the dinh nghia: Van hda chinh tri la mpt bp phan eua van hda, kit tinh nhfing gia tri ehinh tri ma cdng dong chia se, theo duoi, td do hinh thanh eac chuan mile, eac quy tac dng xd, cae nhan vat ehinh tri dien hinh va bil'u tUdng ehinh tri, nhd vay nd lam can ed dl thilt lap cae the chl chinh tri, cd vai trd dilu chinh nhan thdc, hanh vi eon ngUdi va cpng dong, thuc day sU tiln bp xa hpi.
6 phUdng Tay, eac nha nghien cdu van hda chfnh tri cd hai hudng tiep can chu ylu khi xem xet cau true cua van hda chinh tri.
Thd nhdt, xem vdn hda chinh tri td hai linh vdc ldn cho tdt cd cdc chu the, cdc qud trinh chinh tri: (i) Linh vUc nhdn thdc chinh tri (ii) Linh vUc hdnh vi chinh tri.
Linh vUc nhan thdc chinh tri bao gom: tri thdc ehinh tri va thai dp chinh tri, do la toan bd hieu biet cua con ngudi ve chinh tri, td tU tUdng chinh tri, eac ly thuyit chfnh tri, eac each thdc to chdc va van hanh he thong chfnh tri, eac quan he ehinh tri, eac gia tri chinh tri. cac van dl ed tinh quy luat va quy luat chinh tri Trong tri thdc chinh tri, he tU tudng chinh tri ddng vai trd quan trpng nhat.
12 Tap chi Khoa hoc Ndi vu
\ \ \ NGHIEN COU-TRAO D6I Tri thdc chinh tri la yeu td quylt dinh
den thai dp chinh tri. Dd la cac ylu td nhU If tudng ehinh tri, niem tin ehinh tri; mdc dp quan tam den ehinh tri (nhilu, trung binh, it, khdng quan tam); trinh dp phat trien nhSn thdc ehinh tri eua chu the;
quan he va thai dp doi vdi he thong ehinh tri hien tdn (doi vdi nha nUde, cac td chdc cu the, eac nhan vat dai dien, cac bieu tupng...); sU san sang tham gia ehinh tri;
quan niera "vl luat chdi chinh tri"; quan hi va thai dp ddi vdi phap luat; quan he va thai dp ddi vdi he tU tUdng chinh tri (xac dinh rainh la "ta", "trung dung" hay
"hflu"); ngon ngfl chinh tri...Quan trong hdn, cae yeu to do giup hinh thanh va tao nen ban linh chinh tri.
Linh vUe hanh vi chinh tri gom: hanh vi cua ca nhan va hanh vi eua to chdc (eac the che).
VI hanh vi cua eae ea nhan, doi tUpng cac nghien cdu la: Hinh thdc va mdc dp tham gia vao ddi song ehinh tri (raft tinh, bieu tinh, bai cdng, hoat dpng dang phai...); hinh thdc va mdc dp phoi hdp hanh dpng vdi eac the chl nha nUdc (doi dau, bat hdp tae, hdp tae); hinh thdc va mdc dp phdi hdp hanh ddng vdi eae the che xa hpi edng dan (cac phong trao xa hpi, cac to ehdc chfnh tri-xa hdi...); hinh thdc va mdc dp phoi hdp hanh ddng vdi eac ehu the ehinh tri khac; kieu hanh vi bau cd.. .Trong cae hanh vi, eac nha khoa hpe chu y din kieu hanh vi hdp phap, bat hdp phap, bao lUc hay phi bao liic.
Hanh vi the chl bao gdra: cae to ehdc eua he thdng chinh tri, trong do cd nang lUe ra quylt dinh chinh tri, che dinh eac nonvpn tar banh (tdnp. tao ra cac chuan
mUe hanh vi, cae tieu chi danh gia chfnh tri, each thdc trao truyen cac gia tri, ehuyen giao quyen lUc, cac md hinh quan he chfnh tri...
Cach tiep can nay, ed the ndi, rat bao quat, cho ehung ta de hinh dung, the nao la van hda chinh tri, nd tUdng dUdng vdi each tilp can van hda theo nghia rdng, coi tat ca nhflng gi con ngUdi sang tao ra vi sU sinh ton va phat trien eua rainh. Cach tiep can nay cung de dang cho chung ta hieu mpt each chung nhat ve van hda chinh tri, nhUng khd de ap dung vao thUe tiln, dl giai quyet rapt van de eu the cua van hda chfnh tri. Chi riing ndi ve tri thdc chfnh tri (trong nhan thdc) da la rapt linh vUc rat rpng, la tong hdp nhflng gi ma eon ngUdi td xUa din nay hiiu biet vl chinh tri. Khd cd the do dim dUde tri thdc cua ca nhan nay so vdi ea nhan khae. Din lUdt hanh vi chfnh tri cung nhU vay, khd cd the do dim dupe cac hanh vi chfnh tri cua eon ngUdi.
Cac kieu td chdc he thong chfnh tri trong lich sd va hiln tai, trin the gidi va trong moi qude gia cung qua nhieu;
Thd hai, cdch tiep can vdn hda theo cdc tdng (cd the goi Id cdc Idp) ngi dung.
Trong do xem eau true van hda chinh tri gom tang thd nhat, trung tara ( cac gia tri chinh tri, trong do cd eac gia tri cdt ldi) (hat nhan); Tang thd hai la cac chuan mUc chinh tri, bao gdm cac nguyen tac ehinh tri, eac quy tae dng xd cac nghi thdc; Tang thd ba la cae nhan vat chfnh tri (dai diln cho md hinh nhan each trong van hda chfnh tri); Tang thd tU la cae bil'u tUdng chfnh tri [2].
Cach tilp can nay khac phue dUde tinh trdu tUdng cua each tiep can thd nhat. Nd Tap chi Khoa hoc Noi vu | 13
I NGHIEN CCfU - TRAO BOI I I I
Co the hiiu van hoa chinh tri bang nhieu each: la "lam chinh tri co van hoa"
la "nhiJng thanh tilu chinh tri trong qua trinh tien hoa cua loai ngiidi", hay "van hoa trong chinh tri"...M6i each hieu co nhflng him y nhat dinh. Tuy nhien, tflu trung lai, van hoa chinh tri la mpt phflong dien cua van hoa, coi nhflng thanh tflu chinh tri la mpt trong nhflng thanh tflu sang tao ciia nhan loai vi le sinh ton cua minh.
Noi ve cau triic cua van hoa chinh tri, ngay nay co nhieu each tiep can. Moi each tiep can deu co tinh hpp ly va hflu dung rieng phuc vu cho muc dich nghien cflu ciia tflng trfldng phai, tving nha nghien cflu.
Cac nghiSn cflu van hoa ehinh tri that sU bat dau tfl gifla the ky XX, ban dau la ly giai
"van hoa chinh tri" trong cac hpe thuyet, ly thuyet cua cac nha tfl tUdng chinh tri va viee van dung no trong qua trinh to ehflc va van hanh cac mo hinh nha nfldc. O phflong Dong, eo eac nghien cflu vS Khong Tfl, Lao Tfl, Han Phi Tv(...va coi nhflng dieu ran, nhflng phflOng cham hanh dpng, nhflng chuan mile cua eac ong de xuat la
"van hoa chinh tri", nhfl: "Tam cflong, ngu thfldng" (Khong Tfl), "vo vi nhi tri" (Lao Tfl), "Phap-The-Thuat" (Han Phi Tfl)...Cac mo hinh "van hoa chinh tri" do dfloc khai quat thanh eac mo hinh van hoa chinh tri:
"DiJe tri", "Vo vi tri" "Phap tri"...
CS phflong Tay, tfl thdi co dai cho den thM dai khai sang, van de "van hoa chinh tri" dflpc nghien cflu nhfl doi tflpng cua Triet hpc, chu trpng giai quyet nhflng van de lien quan den tfl tflSng chinh tri, dii luan xa hpi, tam ly ca nhan va tinh each
dan tpc. Dien hinh eho viec nghien cflu van hoa chinh tri d phflong Tay la trflcing hop Alexis de Tocqueville, khi ong nghien cflu ve van hoa ehinh tri My va da dua ra nhflng khai quat ve cae gia tri van hoa chinh tri My, gom: tfl do, binh dang, dto chu, chii nghia ca nhan, nha nflcfe phap quyen, chii nghia dan t6c, ehii nghia tfl ban[ll.
Chiing ta co the dinh nghia: Van hoa chinh tri la mpt bp phin ciia van hoa, ket tinh nhflng gia tri ehinh tri ma cpng dong chia se, theo duoi, tfl do hlnh thanh cac chuan mfle, cac quy tac flng xfl, cae nhan vat chinh tri dien hinh va bieu tflpng chinh tri, nhd vay no lam can efl de thiet lap cac the che ehinh tri, co vai tro dieu chinh nhan thflc, hanh vi con ngfldi va cpng dong, thiic day sii tien bp xa hpi.
CJ phflong Tay, cac nha nghien cflu van hoa chinh tri co hai hfldng tiep can chu yeu khi xem xet cau triic cua van hoa chinh tri.
Thd nhdt, xem vdn hoa chinh tri tit hai linh vUc ldn cho tdt cd cdc chu the, cdc qua trinh chinh tri: (i) Linh viic nhan thUc chinh tri (ii) Linh viic hanh vi chinh tri.
Linh viic nhan thflc chinh tri bao gom: tri thflc chinh tri va thai dp chinh tri, do la toan bp hieu biet cua con nsflcii ve chinh tri, tfl tfl tfldng chinh tri, cac ly thuyet chinh tri, cac each thflc to chiie va van hanh h^ thong chinh tri, cac quan he ehinh tri, cae gia tri ehinh tri, cac van de CO tinh quy luat va quy luat chinh tri.
Trong tri thflc ehinh tri, he tfl tfldng chinh tri dong vai tro quan trong nhat.
12 I Tap chi Khoa hoc Noi vu
V \ \ NGHIEN CCfU - TRAO DOI
Tri thdc chinh tri la ylu td quyet dinh din thai dp chinh tri. Dd la eae ylu td nhu ly tudng ehinh tri, nilm tin ehinh tri; mdc dp quan tam din chinh tri (nhieu, trung binh, it, khdng quan tam); trinh dp phat trien nhan thdc ehinh tri cua chu the;
quan he va thai dp doi vdi he thong chfnh tri hien tdn (doi vdi nha nUde, cac td chdc eu thi, cac nhan vat dai dien, cac bieu tUdng...); sU san sang tham gia chinh tri;
quan niem "vl luat ehdi ehinh tri"; quan he va thai dp ddi vdi phap luat; quan he va thai dp ddi vdi he tU tUdng chinh tri (xae dinh minh la "ta", "trung dung" hay
"hflu"); ngdn ngfi chinh tri...Quan trong hdn, eae yeu to do gidp hinh thanh va tao nen ban linh ehinh tri.
Linh vUc hanh vi ehinh tri gom: hanh vi eua ea nhan va hanh vi eua to chdc (cac the chl).
VI hanh vi cua eac ca nhan, doi tfldng eac nghien edu la: Hinh thdc va mdc dp tham gia vao ddi sdng chinh tri (mit tinh, bil'u tinh, bai edng, hoat dpng dang phai...); hinh thdc va mdc dp phdi hdp hanh ddng vdi cac the che nha nUdc (ddi dau, bat hdp tac, hdp tac); hinh thdc va mdc dp phoi hpp hanh dpng vdi cac the chl xa hpi cdng dan (eae phong trao xa hpi, eae to chdc chinh tri-xa hpi...); hinh thdc va mdc dp phoi hdp hanh ddng vdi cac ehd thi ehinh tri khac; kieu hanh vi bau ed.. .Trong eac hanh vi, cac nha khoa hpc ehu y din kilu hanh vi hpp phap, bat hdp phap, bao lUc hay phi bao lUc.
Hanh vi the chl bao gdm: cac td chdc cua he thdng chinh tri, trong do ed nang lUc ra quyet dinh chfnh tri, chl dinh eac noiivpn tar banh done, tao ra cac chuan
mUe hanh vi, eac tilu chf danh gia chinh tri, each thdc trao truyen cac gia tri, chuyin giao quyin lUe, cae rad hinh quan he chfnh tri...
Cach tilp can nay, ed the ndi, rat bao quat, cho ehung ta de hinh dung, thi nao la van hda chinh tri, nd tUdng dUdng vdi each tiep can van hda theo nghia rpng, coi tat ca nhflng gi eon ngUdi sang tao ra vi sU sinh tdn va phat trien eua rainh. Cach tilp can nay cflng dl dang cho chung ta hieu rapt each chung nhat ve van hda ehinh tri, nhUng khd de ap dung vao thUe tien, de giai quyet rapt van dl cu the eua van hda chinh tri. Chi rieng ndi ve tri thdc chinh tri (trong nhan thdc) da la rapt linh vUc rat rpng, la tong hdp nhflng gi ma con ngUdi td xUa din nay hil'u biet vl chfnh tri. Khd cd thi do dim dupc tri thdc cua ca nhan nay so vdi ea nhan khae. Din lupt hanh vi chfnh tri cflng nhU vay, khd cd the do dera dUdc cac hanh vi ehinh tri cua con ngUdi.
Cac kilu td chdc he thong chfnh tri trong lich sd va hiln tai, tren thi gidi va trong radi qude gia cung qua nhieu;
Thd hai, cdch tiep can vdn hoa theo cdc tdng (cd the ggi la cdc Idp) ngi dung.
Trong do xem eau true van hda chinh tri gdm tang thd nhat, trung tam ( cac gia tri chfnh tri, trong do ed eac gia tri cot ldi) (hat nhan); Tang thd hai la cac ehuan mUc chfnh tri, bao gdra cac nguyen tac chinh tri, cae quy tac dng xd cae nghi thdc; Tang thd ba la cae nhan vat chinh tri (dai diln cho rad hinh nhan each trong van hda chinh tri); Tang thd tU la cac bieu tUdng chinh tri [2].
Cach tilp can nay khac phuc dupc tinh trdu tupng eua each tiep can thd nhat. Nd Tap chi Khoa hpc Npi vu | 13
f NGHIEN Cifu - TRAO DOI Hi xd" trong thUc thi edng vu. Dang ehu y la gan day, Thu tUdng Chinh phu da ra Quylt dinh so 1847/QD-TTg ngay 27/12/2018 phi duyet De an Van hda cdng vu. vdi mue tieu: nang cao van hda edng vu, gdp phan hinh thanh phong each dng xd, 11 ldi lam viee chuan mUc cua dpi ngu can bd, cong chdc, viln chdc; dara bao tinh chuyen nghiep, traeh nhiem, nang dpng, minh bach, hieu qua trong hoat dpng thUe thi nhiem vu, edng vu; dap dng yeu eau phue vu Nhan dan, xa hpi.
Mudn thiic hien dUdc ehu trUOng cua Dang va trien khai ed hieu qua cac ndi dung eua De an van hda cdng vu, can phai nghien edu lam rd hai he van dl: Mgt Id phai lam rd nhfing gia tri eua van hda ehinh tri Viet Nam, dae biet la eae gia tri cdt ldi, nham lam nen tang de xay dUng mdt nen van hda edng vu khoa hpc, dan ehu, nhan van. Hai Id, xay diing nhfing chuan mUe van hda cdng vu Viet Nam (cac nguyln tac, bd quy tac dng xd, eae tam gUdng dil'n hlnh va eac bieu tUdng cua nen edng vu) trong do cae quy pham phai phan anh dupe nhflng gia tri van hda ehinh tri cot ldi eua Viet Nam; (l)Chu nghia yeu nUdc Viet Nam; (2) Chu nghia cpng dong Viet Nam; (3) Chu nghia nhan van Viet Nam; (4) Tinh than than dan Viet Nam; (5) Tinh than hda hieu Viet Nam;
(6) Tinh than thUdng vd Viet Nara [4].
Nhflng gia tri cot ldi nay da phan anh tu duy he thdng cua ngUdi Viet Nara trong chinh tri, trong dUng nfldc, gifl nfldc va md nude. Trong sudt chieu dai lich sd, cha dng chung ta da tap trung giai quyet 6 van dl cd ban nhat, ddng thdi cflng la 6 moi quan he cot ldi trong tU duy va thUc tien
chinh tri dan tpc: (1) Dat nUdc; (2) Cdng ddng; L^ng xdm; (3) Con ngUdi; (4) Ndi tri; (5) Ngoai giao; (6) Qudc phdng.
Su thanh cdng cua qua trinh xay dUng van hda edng vu d nude ta ddi hdi can phai nghien cUu, lam rd va phan anh nhflng gia tri cdt loi cua van hda chinh tri Viet Nara trong cae chuan mUe cae quy tac dng xd cua van hda edng vu. Lam sao de van hda cdng vu Viet Nam chl dinh dflde eac quy phara, ehuan mUc phan anh dUdc chu nghia yeu nUde Viet Nam: y thdc ve cdi ngudn cua nfldc, y thdc vl efldng vUe, lanh thd va va chu quyen qude gia, vl ndi gidng, cpng ddng dan cU, ve van hda dan tpc, ve van rainh, van hiln, hiln tai, trpng hien tai, ve ldi ich dan tpc, dat ldi ich dat nude len trin ldi ieh ca nhan, vl dUng nude, gifl nUde va rad nUdc, ve raoi quan he gifia dan tpc va nhan loai, gifla dan tpc va qudc tl...
Lam sao de phat huy nhflng gia tri, tU tudng, triet ly song, chuan mUc dng xd.. .dl cao cpng dong, \d cpng dong, nham cd ket con ngudi Viet Nam thanh mpt sdc manh cua khdi doan kit toan dan tpc va ddng thuan xa hpi, vdi tuih than hda giai, de cung nhau dUa dat nUdc Viet Nara biet tan dung cac Cd hdi mdi, vUpt qua nhfing thach thdc mdi eua thdi dai, de cho Viet Nam cd vi tri xdng dang tren trUdng qudc te.
Van hda cdng vu Viet Nam can gdp phan xdng dang trong sU nghiep xay dflng con ngudi Viet Nara biet yeu thUdng con ngudi, tdn vinh tara hon, pham gia, khat vpng, ve dep con ngUdi; cd niem tin vao kha nang vd tan eua con ngudi, tu dinh doat lay so phan minh, tU hoan thien minh, tfl giai phdng rainh ma khdng phu 16 I Tap chf Khoa hoc Noi vu
\ \ \ NGHIEN CCfU - TRAO DOI
thudc vao lUc lUdng sieu nhien nao khae ngoai con ngUdi. Cdng chdc, vien ehUc trong he thdng cdng vu bilt dau tranh khong met mdi vi eon ngUdi, giai phdng con ngUdi tren mpi phUdng dien: kinh tl, chinh tri, van hda, xa hdi, ve thi chat va tinh than, ve nhan pham va tii do...
Tinh than than dan vdi tU each la rapt gia tri van hda chfnh tri c6t ldi, se thue day viec hoan thien cae the chl kinh te thi trUdng, tao dieu kiln de Nhan dan san xuSt kinh doanh; hoan thien thi ehl nha nUdc phap quyen dl ngUdi dan thUc hanh quyen lam ehu, kiem soat quyen liie nha nude (ed ngudn gde td Nhan dan);
hoan thien eae the chl xa hdi cdng dan, de nhan dan tU minh hien thUe hda quyin va ldi ich hdp phap ehinh dang cua minh...
Tinh than than dan se thue day eai each hanh chfnh vdn rUdm ra, tang nae, kem hieu qua gay khd cho ngUdi dan va doanh nghiep. Viec xay dUng nha nUdc kiln tao phat trien la mpt ehu trUdng mang tinh than dan. Nha nUdc kiln tao dUa chfnh quyen gan vdi dan, giup dd dan, eung dan thao gd nhfing khd khan... De lam dUdc dieu do, cae chuan mUc tren tinh than than dan se dinh hudng dl xay diing mdt nen dao ddc cdng vu vi dan, phuc vu Nhan dan.
Can bien tinh than hda hiiu Viet Nam thanh nhflng dinh hUdng thai dp cho eac ca quan nha nUde. Can bd, cdng chdc, vien chdc nha nUdc yeu hda binh, ghet chiln tranh, bang giao hflu nghi, la ban, la ddi tae tin cay vdi tat ca cac nUdc, phan dau eho rapt nen dpc lap thUc sU, dpc lap trong danh dU va nhan pham, sin sang hda eiai cac, han thu, cpi trpng ddi thoai
trong cae xung dot. Phai coi phat huy tinh than hda hieu Viet Nara la mdt kl sach dUng nfldc, gifl nfldc va rad nfldc trong bdi canh toan eau hda va hpi nhap quoc te.
Trong boi canh hien nay, tinh hinh thi gidi va khu vUc tiep tue ed dien biln phdc tap, khd ludng, hda binh, hpp tac va phat trien van la chd dao, song chiln tranh cue bp, xung dot sde toe, tdn giao, tranh chap chu quyin lanh tho vi lpi ich qude gia dan tde va nhflng nguy cd tac ddng den an ninh phi truyin thdng,... cd chieu hudng gia tang. Vi vay, cung vdi cae giai phap khac, chung ta can phat huy gia tri van hda, nhat la tinh than thUdng vd Vilt Nara, phat huy nghe thuat quan sU dpc dao Viet Nam vao sU nghiep bao vl Td qude. Tinh than thUdng vd Viet Nam phai la nhan to quan trpng hang dau thuc day va dinh hUdng gia tri eho viec xay dflng tiem lUe quoe phdng, xay diing nen qude phdng toan dan vdng manh.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO l.http://www.ushistoryorg/gov/4a.asp, Alexis de Tocqueville (1830). American Political Culture (Nhflng gia tri van hda ehinh tri My)
2.https://www. tamu.edu/faculty/
c h o u d h u r y / e u l t u r e . h t m h C u l t u r e definition
3. Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2016), Vdn kien Dgi hoi Dgi bieu todn quoc ldn thd XII Van phdng Trung Udng, Ha Npi
4. Phan Xuan Sdn (ehd nhilm. nghiem thu 2017), De tai cap bd: Vdn hda chinh tri Viet Nam trong boi cdnh hgi nhgp quoc te, Hpc vien Chinh tri qude gia Hd Chf Minh.
Tap chi Khoa hpc Ndi vu I 17
