NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO SOI
THU" VIEN c a s a
VA Nhi^NG DONG GOP TRONG XAY Dl/NG NONG THON MOI
TS. Vu DUdng Thuy Nga
Vy trydng Vu Thy vien - Bp Van hoa. The thao va Du Ijch
Tom t i t :
Hien nay, chUdng trinh muc biu quoc gia xay dUng nong thdn mdi da difdc triin khai, mang lai sU thay ddi ve dien mao va chat IUdng cugc song cho ngUdi dan d ndng thdn. Cung vdi he tiiong thd vien cdng cdng, cdc thU viin cd sd d Vi$t Nam da co nhieu dong gop b'ch cUc trong xay duhg nong thdn mdi Bai Viet gidi thiiu khai quat vi mang ludi thU vien cd sd d Viet Nam va mgt so dong gop trong phuc vu nhu cau dgc, khai thac tiiong bn ciia ngUdi dan d ndng thdn. Khing dinh vai tid cua thU viin cd sd tiong xay dung ndng thon mdi. Neu nhOhg kho khSn va de xuat mgt so biin phap de phat huy vai tid cua thd vien cd sd trong xay dUng nong thdn mdi d Viet Nam.
Td khoa: Thu vien cd sd, nong thon mdi, xay dyrig, Viet Nam.
Abstract:
At present, tiie national target program for rural development has been implemented and brought about changes in the face and life quality for people in rural areas. Together with the public library system, grass- roots libraries in Viet Nam have made active contributions to the construction of new rural areas. The article introduces briefly about the Vietnamese libraries grassroots network and its contiibubons in serving the needs of reading and exploiting information for people in rural areas, affirms the role of grassroots libraries in construction of new rural areas, at the same time articulates the difficulties and proposes solutions to promote tiie role of grassroots libraries in construction of new rural areas in Viet Nam.
Key words: Grassroots libraries, new rural areas, construction, Viet Nam.
fiat van di
Viet Nam la quoc gia cd 64,9% dan so song d khu vffc ning thon. Chinh vi the. Dang va Nha nffcle ta luon danh sff quan tam eho viec phat trien nong nghiip va nong thin. Chffdng trinh myc tiiu quoc gia xay dyrig nong thon mdi da dffde trien khai va mang lai sff thay ddi ve dien mao va ehat Iffdng cupc song eho ngffdi dan 6 nong thon. Mye beu eua Chffdng trinh mye b'eu quic gia xay dyrig nong thin mdi giai doan 2016-2020 da xae dinh:
"Xay durig nong thin mdi de nang cad ddi song vat chat va bnh than eho ngUdl dan; eo kit cau ha tang kinh te - xa hpi phii hdp; cd cau kinh te va cac hinh thffe to chffc san xuat hdp ly, gan phat trien nong nghiep vdi eong nghiep, dich vu; gan phat trien nong thon vdi do thi; xa hii nong thon dan
chil, binh dang, on dinh, giau ban sac van hoa dan toe; moi trffdng sinh thai dffde bao ve; quic phdng va an ninh, trat tff dffdc giff viirig" [1]. Vdi myc tieu nay, trong nhtirig nam qua, cac nganh, eae dia phffdng da ed sff chung tay ciing vdi he thong thff vien cong cpng, cac thff vien ed sd d Viet Nam dong gop tich effe trong viee xay durig nong thin mdi.
1 . Khai quatve mang iuci thUvien, t u sach cd sd d V i ^ Nam
Dffde thanh lap d tai dja ban xa, phudng, thj tran, thon, ban, buon, phum, soc, ap, plei... thffvien ed sd la mat xich cuoi ciing trong he thing thffvien eong cong d Viet Nam. Doi tffdng phue vy ciia thy viin cd sd la cac tang Idp nhan dan dang sinh song, lam viic, lao dpng, hpc tap tren dia ban. Thff vien cd
Tap chi THI/VIEN V I | T N A
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sd CO vai fro quan trpng trong viee xay dyrig ddi song van hoa d dia phudng, gop phan nang cao dan M va mffc hffdng thu van hoa eho ngffdi dan trong cpng ding.
Hiin nay, mang Iffdi thff vien cd sd dffde hinh thanh v6i mpt so mo hinh: thff vien/ tii saeh cd sd die lap; thff vien/ tu sach ed sd k i t hdp (gitra thff vien xa vdi thff vien trffdng hpc, thy vien/ tu sach ciia eac to chffc khac trin dja ban; thff viin tff quan;
phdng dpc tai Byu dien van hoa xa, thy vien tff nhan cd phye vy cpng dong...
Trong nhtirig nam qua, vdi sy quan tam eiia Dang va Nha nude, nhu cau dpc eiia ngUdi dan, mang lydi thffvien ed sd da hinh thanh d Viet Nam, gdp phan quan trpng vao viec dap urig nhu cau dpc va sff dung thong tin ciia ngudi dan d nong thon. Ca nudc cd khoang 20,000 thffvien, phong dpc saeh d cd sd. S i Iffdng cac thff viin cap xa va phong dpc sach d ed sd trong 5 nam tff 2013 din 2017 dffdc tong hdp trong bieu do 1 va 2.
Illl
imjDH ^*rT•:js Nsmm
Bieu do 1. SS iwang thW vien cap xa giai doan 2013-2017 [3,4]
III
Bieu do 2: SolWdng phong doc sadi cd sd giai doan 2013-2017 [3,4]
Cung vdi viee day manh Chffdng trinh xay dyrig nong thon mdi va tnen khai cac Oe an "Day manh
hpc tap suit ddi trong eae thff viin, bao tang, nha van hoa, eau lac bp" va De an "Phat trien van hoa dpe trong cpng ding d i n nam 2020, djnh hffdng din n§m 2030", so Iffdng cac thff vien va phong dpc sach d ed sd da dffde phat trien va ed sff gia tang v i s i Iffdng trong 5 nam vda qua.
2. ThUc trang hoat dong va mot so dong gop ciia thU viin cd sd trong xay dUng ning t h i n m6i
Trong nhurig nam qua, Bp Van hoa. The thao va Du lich da co van ban ehi dao, hffdng dan cac dja phffdng trong to chffc va hoat dpng thff vien noi chung, trong do eo thff vien cd sd. Nhieu thff viin da phat huy tot von tai lieu de phye vu tai eho va du^ sach d i n eac phong dpc tai thon, xdm, gdp phan nang eao ddi song tinh than ciia ngffcfi dan d nong t h i n .
Tai mpt so ^ a phffdng, xay dyrig thff vien ed sd da dffde bo sung la mpt t i i u ehi trong Bp Tieu ehi v i nong thon mdi. Dien hinh la huyen Nam Tn/c, tinh Nam Dinh. Khi Nam Trffc trien khai xay durig eae t i i u ehi ve nong t h i n mdi, Phong V3n hoa va Thong tin huyen Nam Trffc theo Bp Tiiu ehi quic gia da tham mffu md ring quy djnh v i thff vien/
tu saeh (nam trong tiiu chi so 6). Moi thff viin/ hi sach xa cd toi thieu 300 ban saeh. Nhd vay, hoat dpng thff vien dUde quan tam, chu trpng dau tff hdn de dap urig y i u cau ve cd sd vat chat van hoa, bam sat nhurig yeu cau nhiim vu chinh trj eua huyen.
Ben canh dd, Phdng Van hoa va Thong tin huyen Nam Trffc da chu trpng day manh phat trien mang ludi thff viin/ phong doe ed sd gan vdi thyt hien chydng trinh quoc gia xay durig nong thon mdi, tiirig budc tao sU binh dang trong hffdng thy thong tin, hudng thu nhurig tiianh tuff khoa hpc ky tiiuat, gdp phan doi mdi, nang cao ehat lUdng cupc sing ngudi dan viing nong thon. Ngay 8/11/2016, Phdng Van hoa va Thong tin huyen Nam Tnic da ra Cong van so 05/HD-PVHTT ve viec hUdng dan to chffc va hoat ding ciia thff vien xa, thj tran niu ro nhurig quy dmh ve "xay dyrig thff viin xa tren dja ban huyin de phye vy eho viec hoan thanh biu chi so 6 tiong Bo tieu ehi xay dyrig nong thon mdi" va de nghi eac xa, thj tran quan tam, tiien khai, thffe hien.
Cong tac xay dwng va phat tiien von tai lieu thd vien tai thd vien cd sd
Von tai lieu eiia thffvien cd sd dffde xay dyrig va phat trien chii y i u dffa vao nguon xa hoi hoa va sff giup dd ban dau ciia thff vien tinh. Chi eo mpt so it thff \flen xa tai Can Thd, Ha Nam, Sdc Trang dffdc bo sung hang nam edn hau nhff tat ea khong dUdc phan bo kinh phi bo sung sach. Von sach ehi dffdc dau tff ban dau tff nhieu nguon khac nhau khi thanh lap thff vien. Mac du vay, s i Iffdng sach ti-ong eac thu viin cap xa van cd sff phat trien hang nam, tuy mffc dp khong eao. Theo so lieu thong k i , binh quan 1 thff viin cap xa hiin ed khoang tren 6.000 ban saeh. Tuy nhien, mffc ehinh lech ve dp Idn ciia cae thffvien cdn kha cao, nhieu thff vien ehi ed khoang 200 d i n 300 ban saeh.
Cong tac phuc vu ban dgc tai thd vien cd sd
Cing tac phye vu tai thy viin ed sd da ed nhieu khdi sie va dat dffde mpt s i thanh tyU dang khich l i trong nhCirig nam gan day. Ngoai viic doc tai cho va cho mffdn ve nha, nhieu thff vien da cho phep ngffdi dan sff dung may tinh va truy cap Internet.
Hdn 500 thffvien cap xa da cung cap djeh vy tiuy cap tim kiim thong tin qua may tinh va Internet.
Bffde dau, mpt so it thff vien xa da trien khai thff nghiim cae dieh vy ho trd eae ehUdng trinh ciia Chinh phii nhff: Chinh phu dien tff, xay dyrig nong t h i n mdi, xay dyng xa hpi hpc tap...
Tuy nhien, cong tac phyc vu trong thff viin cd sd eon ed sff chinh lech rat idn. Tai cac thff vien cd sd d C3n Thd, thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, Sdc Trang, Dong Thap va cae thff vien xa dffde thu hffdng Dff an "Nang cao kha nang sff dung may tinh va truy nhap Internet eong cpng tai Viet Nam" (Dff an BMGF-VN), ban dpc dffdc phue vy tffdng doi tot vdi cae dieh vy mffdn, dpe saeh va sff dung Internet.
Cac thff vien khac van coned nhieu han e h i trong phyc vy ban dpc.
Dpi ngd nhan vien thd vien Dpi ngu nhan vien thffvien xa ehii yeu la kiim nhiim. \Jdc tinh cd khoang 2.000 nhan viin thff viin cap xa va khoang 20.000 ngffdi thiin nguyin tham gia phue vy cpng dong doe saeh tai cd sd.
Thong qua chffdng trinh dao tao eiia Bp Van hoa.
The thao va Du lieh, cae thff vien tinh thanh, Dff an BMGF-VN, eac nhan vien thff vien ed sd dffde nang eao nang iffc phye vu ngffdi dan, eo the thffe hien djeh vy cung cap thong tin qua may ti'nh va Internet; dao tao, hffdng dan ngffdi dan sff dung may tinh va tim kiem thong tin; to chffc cac dich vy ho trd hpe tap.
Hien nay, do eliu^ ed c h i dp chinh saeh quy djnh thing nhat danh eho doi tUdng nay, phan Idn la tinh nguyin viin nen hoat dpng thff viin ed sd khong dffdc on djnh.
Kinh phi hoat dgng
Trong nhurig nam qua, phan Idn eac thff vien cap xa khong dffdc cap kmh phi, hoat dpng thff viin chil y i u thffe hien tff nguon xa hpi hoa, chi ed mpt s i rat it tinh ed ho trd kinh phi chd hoat dpng thu viin xa, tieu bieu nhff: Ha Nil, CSn Thd, Vinh Phiie. Rieng d Can Thd, hang nam eae thff vien/ phdng dpe saeh xa, phffdng dffde cap kinh phi bo sung saeh, bao (trung binh tff 3.000.000 - 5.000.000 dong).
Tren tiiffc t i , cd rat it ndi dffde ho trd kinh phi di' xay dyrig thff viin, tii sach phue vy xay durig nong thon mdi. Cd ndi dypc Nha nu^dc ho trd (thanh p h i Ho Chi Minh), ed ndi tff Ngan hang Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon (Bong Thap).
Cd sd vat chat
Viec dau tff xay durig try sd thff viin xa dang gap nhieu khd khan. Binh quan 01 thUvien cd sd cd dien ti'ch khoang 40m^. Cd 500 thffvien xa thy hffdng Dff an BMGF-VN dffdc bo tri trong nha van hoa xa, 01 phdng trong Uy ban nhan dan xa, hoae dat tai ndi sinh hoat chung eiia eong dong.
Vdi sff ho trd tff chffdng trinh xay dyhg nong thin mdi, tai thanh p h i Ho Chi Minh, gan 60 phdng dpc sach cd sd da dydc thiit lap. Diin tich phdng dpe saeh trung binh 40m^. Nhurig dja phydng cd nha van hoa xa thi phong dpe sach d | t tai nha van hoa, dia phffdng chffa ed nha van hoa xa thi dat tai trung tam hoc tap edng dong hoac van phdng ap (tuy dieu kien moi xa) de tien viec phue vu cho nhan dan, Moi phdng doc saeh dffde dau tff so t i i n ban dau la 40 trieu dong, bao gom: 04
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k i sach, saeh (khoang 500 cuin), 01 may tinh k i t noi mang vdi Thff vien Khoa hpc Tong hdp thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, 01 may in, 01 ban thu thff H- 01 ghe thil thff, 01 ban ban dpe + 10 ghe eho ban dpe, bang chu de, bang npi quy, gia chan sach [2].
Mot so dong gop cua thW vien cdsd trong xay duhg nong than mdi
Doi tffdng phue vu cua thff vien/ til sach d cd sd la cae tang Idp nhan dan dang sinh song, lam viic, lao ding, hpe tap tren dia ban. Thff vien/ tii sach cd sd phyc vy dong dao moi tang ldp nhan dan lao dpng d dia phudng, khong phan biet lii^ tuoi, trinh do, nghe nghiep... Tuy nhiin, thffe t i hiin nay, doi tffdng den eac thff viin/ tii saeh ed sd chii yiu la cac em thiiu nhi, can bp cdng chffc, ngffdi nong dan va ngffdi eao tuoi.
Tff thyt t i hoat ding ciia eae tiiy vien cd sd trong nhurig nam qua, ed the nhan thay thff viin da ed nhCirig tac dpng tich effe din viic xay dyrig ddi sing v3n hoa d ed sd, gdp phan xay dyrig nong thon mdi vdi nhieu phudng diin khac nhau, cu the la:
- Thu vien cd sd cd vai trd quan trpng tiong viec xay durig ddi song van hoa d dja phUdng, gdp phan nang cao dan tri, mffc hydng thu van hoa cho ngffdi dan va cpng dong, xay duhg con ngudi mdi va cupc song mdi.
- ThUvien cd sd gan vcfi cupc van ding xay dyrig ddi song van hoa, la cd sd giao due ngoai nha trffdng hiilj ich d eae viing nong thin, la ndi luan chuyen sach, bao de moi ngffdi deu dffde dpc, sff dyng tiet kiem nhat.
- Thy vien cd sd gdp phan dffa tien bd khoa hpe ky thuat vao san xuat, nang eao hii'u biit ve phap luat, hffdng dan ky nang song, giao dye y thffe bao ve moi tiffdng, hinh thanh lii song lanh manh cho ngffdi dan... Trong nhurig nam qua, khi nffdc ta chuyen doi ed ehe bao cap sang nin kinh t i thj trffdng, ngffdi dan d khap mpi ndi, nhat la d vimg nong thon dang no Iffc lam giau, timg bffde xoa ddi, giam ngheo. Hp ed nhu eau dpc saeh, bao de tim hieu nhiirig van de ve giong cay tiing, vat nuoi dem lai hieu qua kinh t i eao, dae biit la nhffng tri thffe mdi ve san xuat, nong, lam, ngff nghiep va dich vu... Tff nhan biet nhu eau eua ngffdi dan d
nong t h i n , nhiiu thff vien cd sd da ehii d i n g thu thap va cung cap eac tai lieu giiip hp cd the sff dung thong tin va tri thffe trong saeh, tao iam eho cupc song eiia minh tot dep hdn.
Tuy nhien, cae thff vien ed sd hien nay cOng dang doi mat vdi khong it khd khSn; Hau h i t cae thff vien, tu saeh cd sd khong cd ngffdi chuyen trach, ngffdi lam thff vien cd sd thffdng xuyen thay doi va chil yeu la lam viic thiin nguyen, khong cd tiiu lao; chffdng trinh xay dyrig nong thin mcfi dnda danh ngan sach eho hoat dpng thff viin ed sd; thff vien/
til saeh ehi la mpt tiiu ehi mem tai mot sod'ta phuWig, chffa phai la tieu chi cffng trong cae t i i u chi ve nong thin mdi; nhan thffe ve vai trd cua thff viin ed sd trong xay dyrig nong thdn mdi con nhiiu bat cap tff ea hai phffdng diin: lanh dao dja phffdng va ngffdi dan...
3. Mot so bien phap tdng cUdng ho t r ^ ctio t h u vien cd sd t r o n g phuc vu xay dung nong t h o n mdi
Tff thffe t i i n hoat ding ciia eac thff vien cd sd va nhurig mo hinh thff vien ed sd phye vy xay dffng ning t h i n mdi hiiu qua trong nhurig nam qua, Chung toi xin de xuat mpt so bien phap cu the sau:
- Trong tieu chi so 6 cua Bp Tieu ehi xay durig nong thon mdi can bo sung them cac quy dinh eu the ve thff vien/ phong doe sach.
- Tang effdng sff quan tam va ehi dao ciia chinh quyin dia phffdng trong viee djnh hffdng boat ding thff vien ed sd, to chffe hdp ly cae tai liiu dude trang b[ tff cae De an trang bj sach xa phffdng, thj tian; hj sach phap luat, ehffdng trinh khuyin nong, toan dan xay dyrig ddi song van hoa ed sd, xay dffng xa hpi hpe tap... Thffe te da chiirig minh: Sff quan tam eiia ehinh quyen dja phffdng giff vai tid quyit djnh, vi t h i eac Sd Van hoa. The thao va Du Ijch/ Sd Van hoa va The thao can dae biet quan tam den viee tham muti de Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh phe duyet eac chffdng trinh, de an hoac cac van ban lien quan den phat tiien thff vien ndi chung va thff vien cd sd tai dia phffdng. Cac djnh hffdng phat trien thff vien ed sd can gan k i t vdi Chffdng trinh xay dyhg ning thon mdi, xoa ddi giam ngheo, xay durig xa hpi hpe tap va viec trien khai Oe an
"Day manh hpc tap suit ddi trong eac thff viin,
bao tang, nha van hoa, cau lac bp" va De an "Phat trii'n van hoa dpe trong cpng dong d i n nam 2020, dmh hffdng den nam 2030".
- Tang effdng sff ho trd ciia thff vien tinh tren cae phffdng dien: tham mffu xay dffng ehinh sach, de an phat trien va phat huy vai trd eiia thff vien cd sd; day manh luan chuyen saeh, bao ve cd sd;
bien soan ban tin phye vu xay dyrig nong thon mdi.
Thff vien tinh cd vai trd ehu dao trong xay dyng phat trien mang Iffdi thff viin cd sd va trien khai cac hoat dpng phuc vu xay dyrig ndng thon mdi.
- Xay dung bp sffu tap so nham tao dieu kien eho mpi ngffdi dan d ndng t h i n cd the tiip can va sff dung thong tin chinh xae, an toan va hiiu qua mpi ndi, mpi luc.
- Day manh sff phii hdp trong hoat ding thff vien. sy thanh edng eua hoat dpng thff vien phu thupc khdng nhd vao sff phoi hdp giffa nganh Van hoa ndi ehung, thff viin noi riing vdi to chffc doan the: Hpi Khuyin hpe, Hpi Cffu chiin binh, Hpi Phy nff, Doan Thanh niin va cac cd quan truyin thong:
dai phat thanh, truyen hinh, cae phydng bin thdng tin dai chimg..
Ket luan
Thffe te da khang dmh eae thff viin ed sd ed vai trd quan trpng trong viic cung cap thong bn va tri thffe day du, kip thdi va ehinh xac dii vdi ngu&i dan d ed sd, gdp phan khong nhd tiong xay dyrig nong t h i n mdi, lam gia tang sff hieu biet, ky nang song va y thffe tuan thii phap luat, bao ve moi trffdng d nong thon. Vi t h i , can quan tam den phat trien eac thu vien d cd sd. Lam t h i nao de tai ed sd, ngffdi dan eung ed the dpe dffdc eae cuon sach ma minh mong muon, tim dffdc nhurig tai lieu ma minh can. Xay dyrig nong t h i n mdi khong ddn thuan chi la xay durig ve ed sd vat chat ma van d i quan trpng chinh la lam ddi sing tinh than eiia ngutfi dan d nong thin dffde nang len. Ngffdi dan ed y thffe, CO sff hieu biet ve phap luat, cd tinh y i u que hffdng, dat nffdc de sin sang ddng gdp kha nang, tri tue cua minh vao viic xay dyrig que hffdng, dat nffdc giau dep hdn. Dd ehinh la yeu t i h i t sffc quan trong de tao nen sff thanh cing ciia chffdng trinh xay durig ning t h i n mdi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Thil tudng Chinh phii. Quyet dinh so 1600/QD- TTg ngay 16/8/2016 phi duyet ChUdng trinh mue tieu quic gia xay durig nong thin mdi giai doan 2016 - 2020.
2. Bp Van hoa. The thao va Du lich. Ky yeu hdi thao Thd vien cd sd phuc vu xay duhg ndng thdn mdi. - H., 2017.
3. Bp Van hoa. The thao va Du lich. So lieu tiiong ke phuc vu xay duhg Quy hoach tong the phat trii'n nganh Thu vien Viet Nam den nam 2025, (am nhin den nam 2030. - H., 2015.
4. Bi V3n hoa. The thao va Du lich. So lieu tong ket boat ddng thU viin nam 2015, 2016 va 2017.
(Ngay toa soan nhan bai: 13/5/2018; Ngay phan biin danh gia: 18/5/2018; Ngay chap nhan dang:
22/5/2018)
NANG CAO NANG USC...
Tiep theo trang 22 thffe Wen nghe nghiip va sff phat tnen eiia xa hpi, ddi hdi ngydi lam thff vien, dae biet la NLCTPV phai ed dii nang iffc de ITnh h i i , tU van va ho trd NDT. Od la mpt trong nhtihg yeu to rat quan trpng tao nen sff tff tin, chuyin nghiep de NLCTPV cd the hoan thanh tot nhiem vy dffdc giao, cung nhff dap iihg mot each toi da nhu cau eiia NDT ngay cang da dang va chuyen sau trong xu the xa hpi hoa thong tin nhff hien nay. Tuy nhien, de cd dffdc mpt doi ngu NLCTPV chat Iffdng can ed sff no iffc tff ehinh moi ca nhan, cung nhff cd cac giai phap toan dien tff lanh dao/ quan iy thff vien.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO i . Nang cao chat IUdng edng tac phuc vu ngudi dgc. http://nlv.gov.vn/nghiep-vu-thu-vien/nang-cao- ehat-luong-cong-tac-phuc-vu-nguoi-doe.html. Truy cap ngay 10/03/2018.
2. Bill Loan Thuy. Dac dii'm lao dong thdng tin- thu vien va tieu chi danh gia hien nay If Tap chi Thong tin va TU lieu. - 2009. - So 4.
(Ngay toa soan nhan bai: 11/4/2018; Ngay phan bien danh gia: 18/5/2018; Ngay chap nhan dang:
22/5/2018}
