SO ThS.

NGHIEN Ciiu - TRAO B d i

VAI TRO CUA CAC T H l / VIEN

TRONG VIEC THUC DAY SlT PHAT TRIEN CUA NHAN VAN SO

ThS. Nguyen Danh Minh Tri

Khoa Thu-vien - Thong tin hoc, Dai hpc KHXHNV, Dai hoc Quoc gia Tp. HCM Tom tat:

Nhan v^n sdla mgt tiiuat ngu'chu^ phS bien va chu^ eo nhieu eong tiinh nghien cud dddc cdng bod nddc ta. DWdi goc nhin tiiWc tien, sd phat tiien cua linh vWc nay la cSn thiet ti-ong viic gin giu' va bao ton cac gia tn van hoa, disanvatw lieu. Bai viet binh bay khai quat ve nhan vMn so, mgt sd tdi idi va ban chS khi dng dung nhin van so cung nhW vai fro aia cac tiiW viin trong viec tiiuc day sW phat bien aia nhan vSn so trong tiding lai

Tie khoa: Vai tro, thu" vien, phat trien, nhan van so.

Abstract:

Digitel humanities is an unpopular term and diere are not many published research wod<s in our country about tt. From a pracdcal perspective, the development of this field is necessary tn maintaining and pre- serving the culture, heritage and document values. The article presents an overview about digital human- ities and the roles of libranes in promoting the development of digital humanities in the Hiture.

Key words: Roles, libraries, development, digital humanities

Dan nhap

Cong nghe hien dai dang gop phan ho trcJ cho SI/ phat trien khong ngiiYig ciJa cac quoc gia tren thegidl. Vlecijrtgdijng kythuat so, khoa hoc may tfnh vao qua trinh nghien cij\j, quan ly, lutJ giu'va bao tSn cac gia tri van hoa, ngon ngii', nhan van...

da trcf nen ngay cang quan trpng hdn trong mot xa hoi van minh va tien bp. Nhan van so ra ddi se giup ket noi cac nha nghien cirU thong qua viec liTig dung cong nghe m6i vao cac nganh khoa hpc nhan van, gin giu" cac nen van hoa va xa hdn niJa la ttiiic day sd phat trien manh me ctja nhan loat trong tu'dng lai.

1. Khai quat ve nhan van so Nhan van so (digital humanities) la mot Unh vi/c nghien cutJ co lien quan den nhieu nganh khoa hpc, trong do co khoa hoc xa hpi va nhan v3n. Tru'dc khi dl vao khai niem nhan van so.

chiing ta hay cting tim hieu sd lu'dc ve khoa hoc nhan van. Khoa hoc nhan van hay con gpi la khoa hpc nhan loai la nganh nghien cuXi va giai thich cac kinh nghiem, hoat dong, xay dijTig va che tac hen quan t6i con ngu'di, bao ham hay co lien quan tdt cac nganh khoa hgc xa hpl, nhan van hpc va nghe thuat [12]. Nhin chung, khoa hpc nhan van fa nganh khoa hpc nghien ciili ve con ngu'di la chti yeu, vi con ngu'di la chii the tao nen mpi khia canh khac nhau ciia cupe song noi chung va cac nganh thupc khoa hpc nhan van not rieng.

Khong co sd tach biet hoan toan giu:a khoa hpc xa hpi va khoa hpc nhan van, vi d goc dp nao do, trong khoa hpc xa hpi co bao ham mpt so phan thupc khoa hpc nhan van va ngu'dc lai. Co nhieu sd giao thoa giiJa khoa hpc xa hot va khoa hpc nhan van. Vi du nhi/ "lich sij", neu diitig du'di gdc nhin bien dong va phat trien xa hpi thong

JCT 5(79)

qua cac sd kien, ti§n trinh, thdi gian thi la khoa hpc xa hpi. Tuy nhien, khi dtfrig di/di goc nhin ve con ngi/di, la tac nhan tao nen qua khOr thi lai thupc ve khoa hpc nhan van. Sau day, xin gpi tat cac nganh khoa hpc nhan van la cac nganh nhan van. Mpt so nganh nhan van tieu bleu cd the ke den nhu': ngon ngiy hpc, van hoc, ton giao, nghe thuat, nhan hpc, van hoa.

Khat niem ve nhan van so da manh nha xuat hien vao nhiJng nam 40 ciia the ky XX, khi mpt so nha nghien cdu b3t dau nghT den viec sti" dung cac ky thuat ti'nh toan, khoa hpc may tinh, khoa hpc tu" nhien vao nghien ciiXi khoa hpc xa hpi va nhan van. Tuy nhien, khi cong nghe phat trien thi nhiJYig liTig dijng theo no cung co rat nhieu si/

thay doi. Cho nSn, d moi thdi ky, khai niem nhan vSn so deu duWc dieu chinh lai va su" dung cho phij hdp.

Khi nhin d cac goc dp khac nhau thi se co cac djnh nghTa ve nhan vSn so khac nhau. Tuy nhien, mpt djnh nghla co phan de hieu va du'dc sii dijng rpng rai la: nhan van so chinh la iinh vi/c nghien ciiu cd SI/ ket hdp giiia khoa hpc may ti'nh va cac nganh thupc khoa hgc nhan vSn. Nhu'vay, co the hieu nhan van so la mpt linh vdc hpc thuat nam d vijng giao thoa ciia khoa hpc may tinh (ho|c ky thuat so) va cac nganh nhan van, Nhan van so la tap hdp nhiJlig phu'dng phap hpc thuat mdt bao gom kha nang hdp tac, lien nganh va nghien ciiU, giang day, xuat ban vdi si/ giiip dd ciia may tinh.

No mang den cac cong cu va phu'dng phap ky thuat so cho viec nghien ciitj cac nganh nhan van vdl viec nhin nhan van ban giay khong con la phu'dng tien chfnh de san xuat va pho bien kien thiic [7].

Do vay, viec sii dung nhiJng thanh ti/u ctia khoa hpc may tfnh, phu'dng phap tfnh toan, cong nghe mdi vao viec nghien cthj, giang day va xuat ban trong cac nganh nhan van giiJ vai trd cot loi.

Mpt yeu to rat quan trpng d day la khi nghien ciitj nhan vSn so rat can si/ giiip dd cua may tinh de cd the thao tac vdi du' lieu. Vi dij nhu" khi nghien cu\j ve mpt he ngon ngiJ, chiing ta can cd phu'dng phap tinh toan, so sanh dpi chieu tt/ he ngdn ngii' nay vdi he ngon ngi/ khac. Viec su"

dijng cong cu may tinh cd the gliip cac nha

nghien ciili de dang thu'c hien cac phan ti'ch, thong ke, mo hinh hoa va ve cac sd do.

So hoa tai lieu la mgt trong nhiitig phu'dng phap quan trong du'dc su' dung trong nh§n vSn so. DQ lieu cd the den tii qua trinh so hoa tai lieu hoac du'dc nhap li§u vao theo mot so each thu'c nao do de may tfnh cd the luU tri? va xt/ ly du'dc.

Ben canh dd, viec dam bao toan ven cho cac bp d\Jt lieu nay la mpt thach thu'c Idn, khi ma so lu'dng nguidi diing Intemet ciia cac he thong dang ngay cang gia tang rat nhanh.

Hinh 1: Phin tich ngWdl diing mang xa hot Twitter trong nganh nhan vMn so [7]

Hien nay, d nu'dc ta da cd nhieu ndi su' dung khai niem "nhan van so thi/c". Tuy nhien, nhin chung thi dd cung chfnh la each the hien khac nhau ctia nhan van so. "Nhan van so thi/c" mang day du nhuTig dac trutig cd ban va y nghta nhu" la nhan van so. Mpt each ly giai cd the du'dc sCf dijng d day la do cd si/ chu trpng ve mat nhan tfii/c doi vdi viec ap dung cac cdng cu ky thuat so trong lu\i giiJ, bao ton va nghien cdu cae nganh nhan van nen da xuat hien them khai niem "nhan van so thu'c" nay. Nd de cap den phan cot loi la si/

dung cdng nghe trong viec lutJ giii' va xii ly tri thu'c, di san va tu^ lieu.

Ve van de thuat ngu", tru'dc khi thuat ngi/ nhan van so du'dc diing rong rai, da cd mgt so thuat ngi/ khac nhau du'dc si/ dung nhu' la: Tinh toan nhan van (Humanities computing), Kien thu'c thdng tin (Infomiatics literacy), Ngon ngi/ hpc tfnh toan (Computational linguistics) hoac Tinh toan ngon ngif (Linguistics computing). Si/ phat trien ciia nhan van so trong nhieu nganh nhan v3n da lam

phat sinh nhilu thuit ngu" khac nhau. Vao ttidi ky dau (khdi thuy), nguSi ta thu'dng su" dung may tinh vao vi§c nghien cufu vSn thd va ngon ngi/, dSc biet la ngon ngii* hpc. O glai doan nay, khi ndi den nhin vSn so hoSc viec utig dung ky thuat so trong nhan v3n ngu'di ta cd th^ nghT ngay den ngdn ngu'vathdca.

Den nSm 1966, Tap chi Computers and Humanities trd thanh tap chi du'dc xuat ban dau tien cd si/ dung thuat ngO" nhan van so. Bat dau ti^ thdi di^m nay, thuat ngu" nhan van so du'dc diing thay the cho nhutig thuat ngi? khac tru'dc do. Viec nghien ciiu ve nhan van so da phat trien manh me ke tif luc nay va nhieu ndi da khuyen khich sii dung cong nghe va ky thuat so vao viec nghiin ci/u cac nganh nhan van. Tap chi Computers and Humanities sau do da du'dc doi ten thanh Language Resources and Evaluation (nSm 2005) cho phu hdp vdi muc tieu phat trien va pham vt ciia cac nghien ci/u du'dc xuat ban trong no. Tuy nhi§n, day van du'dc xem la tap ehf dSu tien de c?p den nhOtig khfa canh khac nhau cCa iinh vi/c nhan van so tr§n Hie gidi.

Cha Roberto Busa, mgt linh mue da du'dc vinh danh la nhci nhan van so dSu tien tren th§ gidl da ket hdp cac cong cu may tinh va kho tu' lieu du'dc lutj trff du'fi dang giay de tao ra mpt bang tra lien quan den linh vi/c ton giao. Bang tra cua dng vdi ten ggi "Ban chi muc Thomas" (Index TTiomisticus) do sg da trd thanh mot trong nhiJtig minh chutig ro net nhat cho su" phat trien nhan van so vao buoi ban dau. Cha Busa da len ke hoach thiic hten bang tra nay tir nam 1946. Tuy nhien, mai den nam 1949, dng mdi bat dau thu thap di/ lieu va tien hanh cac thii nghiem ciia minh. Ong da lam v i k vdi ngu'di sang lap ra Tap doan IBM Thomas Watson c6ng mpt so cdng si/ d New York va trong cac phdng thf nghiem cd tru sd ehinh d Milan.

Cong trinh eiia ong da hoan thanh trong mot thdi gian kha dai (20 nam) vdi si/ dau tu' Idn ve cdng si/c. Sau nay, dng cdn du'dc biet d§n la mot trong nhDtig ngudi cd nhieu ddng gdp, dat nen mdng cho si/ phat trien cua mang Internet toan cau [11,12].

Trong ljch sii, nhieu nha nghien aiXi ed xu huting diing ky thuat so. Uch si/, nhan hpe, khao

CO la nhutig nganh can ed si/ ho trd aia cac phu'dng phap tinh toan, idu trU cung nhu xii ly va phan tieh so lieu. Chung ta hoan toan cd the di/ng lai cac mo hinh (Hinh 2), nha nghien ci/u cd the di/ng lai thong tin can thiet eiia cac di san van hoa d Venice (Y) nhSm phuc vu cho viec triing tu hoac nghien ciiXi sau hdn ve chiing. Mot vf du khac la khi cac nha khoa hpe tim du'dc mpt xac ddp hoac mgt bg hai cot, hp cd die si/ dung nhiJng diJ lieu xung quanh, de di/ng lai md hinh hoac tham chi tai hien du'dc hinh dang cua ngu'di da du'dc chon cat d dd rat nhieu nam ve tru'de.

Hinh 2: Dif an "Co may thdi gian Venice" thu IhSp va kSt not tat ca cac thong tin, twileu, di san van hoi ve thanh pho nay trong mot kho du' tteu md tren mang [6]

2. Mot SO 1 ^ ich khi utig dung nhan van

2.1. Ho trd viec bao quan tai li$u va bao tvn vdn hoa

Nhan van sd mang lai y nghTa va ldi fch tren nhieu iinh vu'c, trong dd cd van hoa. TnJdc day, khi tiep can vdi mpt nen van hoa, thu'dng tiii chiing ta se tim hieu thong qua sach vd, tu' lieu va tham chf la di tham quan tJii/c dja doi vdi nhCitig nen van hoa cdn ton tai vat ly. Dieu nay giup md ra cai nhin hoan toan mdi ve nhi/ng thi/ ma chting ta chu'a ti/ng biet d€n. Ngay nay, vdi cong nghe thi/c te ao, ngu'di ta cd the dan di/ng ra cac mo hinh va Chung ta hoan toan cd the sdng trong mpt nen van hoa vdi rat nhieu thdng tin ve nd. Tuy khong ro rang nhu' khi den thi/c d[a, nhutig cung giup chijng ta cd nhieu kha nang thau hieu va tu'dng tac hdn so vdi viec chi dpe va tu'dng tu'dng qua sach vd.

Viec irtig dung nhan van so se giiip cho qua

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trinh lull triJ va bao quan tai lieu du'dc tdt hdn.

Nhi/ng tai lieu du'dc in tren giay thu'dng se cd thdi gian lull trU ngan va mi/c dp hao mdn, mat mat cao hdn cac tai lieu du'dc lull tri/ so hoa va sao luu thu'dng xuyen. Hau het cac vat mang tin nhu*

phien da, mai nja, xu'dng thu, vd cay, giay... chi gtiip lull tru" thdng tin mpt khoang thdi gian tru'dc khi nhutig cau tnic vat ly dd bi hd hdng dan. Do vay, viec si/ dung cac cdng cu ky thuat so, thiet bj lull tri/ so hoa se la lu^ chon tdt hdn nhieu de lull lai nhi/ng gia tri cua cac tai lieu mgt each lau dai va ben vOtig.

Dieu nay cang cd y nghTa hdn ddi vdl cac di san van hoa cua cac quoc gia tren the gidt, khi ma phLfdng phap lull tri/ vat ly gap nhieu han che va khd di/ng vi/ng tru'dc nhutig bien ddi theo thdt gian ctia cac mau hien vat, cdng trinh. Van de st/

dung nhan van so de bao ton di san van hoa va ljch Sl/ ddng mpt vai trd rat quan trpng. Nhan van sd se giiip \Wu trff ben vutig cac gia tr| di san va tranh nguy cd mat mat de doa den sff ton vong ciJa chiing. Dat nu'dc ta la mdt dat nffdc cd nen van hoa da dang, giau ban sac dan tpc va be day lich si/tral dai hang thien nien ky vdi rat nhieu he gia tri quy bau. Tuy nhien, cd nhutig di san van hoa sau khoang mdifi nam hoac vai chuc nam da bien mat hoan toan. Vi vay, neu khdng sii dijng nhan vSn sd de ho trd luli giff, mot khi nhutig gia trj dt san bi mat dt chung ta se khdng cd each nao tim Iai dffdc va dd la nhffng sff mat mat ldn.

Ve mat ngon ngff, cd nhffng tff vffng da bten mat hoan toan sau vat chuc nam, co nhutig ban cd van, CO ngff ngay nay khdng cdn nffa, tham chf sau mpt vai thay ddi trong each ffng xff xa hot se din den sff bien doi trong he thdng tff vutig ctia mpt ngdn ngi/. Nhiitig van de nay du'dc giai quyet tdt khi chung ta ap dyng ky thuat sd vao viec lull trff va gin giff cac gia tri ciia ngdn ngff cung nhu' cua nen van hoa, gitip luff truyen cho the he mat sau nhi/ng tff lieu quy bau.

Ben canh ngdn ngff, cac dl san phi vat the cung can du'dc chii trpng bao ton va lull giff Cac loat hinh nghe thuat, am nhac, hdi hoa, sinh hoat cdng ddng chifa dffng nhieu gia tri vd gia, san pham tinh than cua ca dan tdc can dffdc quan tam va bao ve hdn nffa. Mpt trong nhi/ng bien

phap quan trpng va hieu qua la ffng dtjng nhan van so vao viec lull tri? va bao ton chiing.

Hien tai d nu'dc ta, ITnh vffc du'dc liYig dung nhan van sd nhieu nhat la finh vffc Han Nom.

Nhan van sd da dffdc sff dyng mdt each tich cffe nham gitip cac cd quan lulj trff va quan ly, khai thac nhutig tff lieu Han Ndm quy gia va da dang.

Nhieu thff vien cdng cdng da tham gia lffu tri?

nhffng tai lieu quy nhu" la cac tai lieu thff tich co.

Khi cd mot so tai lieu khong the khdi phijc dffdc nguyen trang, thi cd the ap dung cac ky thuat Iffu trff tiitig phan nham duy tri phien ban sao chep tot nhat cd the. Dac biet khi nhieu tai lieu quy bj rach, nhau, rach dan tff mep vao trong va den mdt liic nao dd se bj mat ca phan chfnh van.

Nffdc ta la mdt nffdc cd khf hau nhiet ddi, dleu kien bao quan van cdn nhieu diem han che, nen viec Iffu giff tat lieu giay mpt each dai lau se gap nhieu khd khan. Thay vao do, neu ffng dung cac cdng cu ky thuat sd vao viec so hoa va lull trff thi se cd nhieu ldi the hdn, tff viec sd hoa va chuyen ddi cho den truy cap va quan ly mgt each hieu qua.

2.2. Xay dtfng mo hinh Library 1Mb Mo hinh Library Lab ed the du'dc xem nhff la mpt hffdng tiep can mdi doi vdt sff phat trien eiia cac dich vu trong thff vien. Viec sff dung Library Lab ed lien quan den ITnh vu'c nhan van so vi nd tao ra cae bd sulj tap so hoa cd ban quyen. Cac bd suit tap so hoa nay se dffdc phat trien ca ve quy mo va chat lu'dng, trd thanh tai san vd gia khong chi vdl thff vien ma cdn cua ca qude gia luff giff bd sffu tap dd. Khi xay dytig Library Lab, khong chi ed cac bd su^u tap phong phu ma nen tang cdng nghe cung nhff ky nang tu'dng tac ciia ngu'di dijng trong he thong se dffdc nang eao dang ke. Ngu'di lam thff vien se cd nhieu cd hpi hdn trong viec tham gia vao qua trinh nghien ciiu, tu'dng tac va ket ndi cac nha khoa hpc, gdp phan djnh hffdng va ho trd cho hp dat nhieu thanh tffu mdi.

2.3. Tan dung nguon lite tit dich vu dam dong

Nhan van sd cd the dffdc sff dung trong cac dich vu dam ddng (crowsourcing), ndi tan dung

sijfc manh v^ cac nguon lu'c den tff cdng dong ngu^ diing rpng ldn. Khi c6 mpt,van de hay cong viec (3n giai quy€t, ngffdi 6e xuat cd the du^ van d i do len mang Intemet. Se 03 rat nhieu ngffc^

quan tam va khi dd, moi ngffdi se giai quyet va hoan thien tiAig phan. Cuoi ciing la sff dung sffc manh tri tu^ ctia dam dong de hoan thanh cong viec vdi k€t qua tdt nhat cd the.

Nhan v3n sd se cung cap gdc nhin va quan diem da chieu. Thffdng thi cac nha nghien culi Idioa hpc xa hgi va nhan vSn cd thdi quen va phong each nghien ciili khac biet so vdi cac nha nghien aJfU khoa hgc - cdng nghe. Cac nha nghi§n cilli cdng nghe thudng tao cac nhdm de ciing larp viec va cdng tac, chia se trong khi cac nha nghien cufu nhan vSn thffdng cd xu hffdng lam mgt minh. Thay doi each thffc lam viec cung la mgt sff .ran t h i i t va gliip tang kha nSng hoa nhap, t|n dung sut manh tap the trong nghien cull. Khi iihg dung cdng cy ky thuat so vao nghiin ciili khoa hpc nhan van se gliip nang eao kha nang tffdng tac giff^ cac nha khoa hpc va tao ra nhiiu cd hgi cung nhff y tffdng mdi, tff do gdp phan cai. thien chat Iffdng ciia cac nghiin cuff mdi.

2.4. Nang cao hi^u qua sif difng dff li$u Khi sff dung nhan van sd, chung ta cd the hiiu qua hoa dff lieu, tffe la.giiip cho viic sff dung di?

lieu dudc hdp ly va tdi ffu hdn trong qua trinh nghien effu. Cac nha nghien cuff nhan van a n nhieu dff lieu de phuc vu cho qua trinh nghien Cliff, nhffng hg thffdng khdng co cong eu hieu qua de qu^n ly nguon dii" liiu do. Vdi nhan vSn so, chiing ta cd the quan ly, g h ^ ndi, khai thac dff lieu de tff do sd do hoa va md hinh hoa dff lieu.

Ro rang cdng nghe ky thuat so se ho trd tdt hdn, cd nhieu ldi the hdn trong van d i quan ly di? lieu giiip cho qua trinh nghien cffff dat hiiu qua cao.

2.5. Nang cao hi$u qua nghien txtu, giang day va hpc tap

Lfng dung nhan van so se cho phep bien d6i cac phffdng tht/c giao tiep trong hpc thuat. Trffdc day, cac nha nghien cuff chii yeu gSp nhau d hpi nght, hdi thao, toa 6km, hole lien lac qua thff dien tff, dien thoai. Vdi nhSn vSn s6, hp khdng chi

lien lac vdi nhau ma cdn cd the lam viic cong izc vdi nhau thdng qua mdi tn/dng mang va sd hoa, cac cpng dong ao dffdc t h i i t tap va nang eao kha nang tudng tac. Tren mdi trffdng trffc tuy&i va so hoa, nhieu cdng cu va den ieh se dffdc phat triSi, giiip cho nhffng ngffdi lam khoa hpc co nhieu sff lu^ chpn hdn de tien bffdc.

Nhan v i n sd cdn cd the giup nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng day va hpc, khuyen khich dude nhieu sinh vien tham gia vao qua trinh nghien aiU. Neu nhff tn/dc day, phan ldn sinh vien thffdng gap khd khan trong viic tim y tudng, tai lieu hgc tap hoac trao dra, thi ngay nay vol sff ho trd cua nhan van so, anh vien da de dang c6 du'dc nhuhg tai lieu mdi.pdng vdi kha nang tffdng tac tot hdn. Dieu nay gdp phan tao dgng lyt nham thiic day niem dam me nghiin cuff khoa hgc cua sinh vien, nhat )a trong bdi canh khoa hgc cong nghe va ia hgi dang thay dffl ngay cang nhanh, manh me. Ooi vdi hoat ddng day hpc, eac giao vien hoan toan cd the ap dung nhuhg thanh tffu cdng nghe mdi nham tang kha nang tffdng tac, giang day va quan ly sinh wen cung nhff Idp hgc mgt each hiiu qua nhat.

3. Mot s5 han che khi uTng dung nhan van so

Nhan van sd co nhieu uff diem va ldi fch khi ap dyng, dac biet la viee litig dung trong eac nganh nhan van. Kha nang ket noi nhieu nguon tai nguyin eung nhff cac nha khoa hgc tren khdng gian sd la mgt the manh aia ffnh vffc nay. Dudi tac ddng eiia nhan van sd thi anh hffdng cgng dong ciia eac nganh nhan van se trd nin manh me va rdng Idn hdn thong qua cac hoat ddng tniyen thdng, quang ba.

Tuy nhien, nhan van so ciJng gap phai mgt so han che nhff sff mat mat di? lieu trong qua trinh chuyen doi. Oi the se xay ra mgt so sai lech hoac thay.doi Jiam ngoai kha nang kiem soat khi ap dung nhan van so vao trong cac nganh nhan van.

Vi dy nhff trang qua trinh ma hoa va chuyen doi nham chuyen tai thdng tin cho cac he thdng ngdn ngff, cd the se bi sai lech, phat sinh mdt so ngoai le va khd day dii h i t tat ca cac trffdng hdp. Dieu nayiia th^ch thffc cho nhan van sd khi ra gang dam bao gia tij nguyen ban aia cac tai lieu sau

Tffl, ⁵⁽⁷⁹⁾

khi dffdc chuyen doi vao he thdng.

Da timg cd nhieu tianh cai xay ra khi xae dinh muc tieu nghien effff cua nganh nhan vSn so do tinh da dang cua nhieu finh vffc va pham vl ciJa cac khoa hgc chuyin nganh. Dieu nay da lam cho nhan van sd trd nen phffc tap va khd dinh hu'dng phat trien trong mdt sd glai doan. Tuy la mgt trong nhiJng ITnh vu'c khoa hpe gay tranh cai nhat nhutig nhan van sd cung ia mdt hffdng nghien cffu cd 6em nang va dang phat trien nang dgng nhat the gidi hien nay [6].

Van de dao dffc trong viec sff dung dff lieu dffdc dat ra khi ffng dung nhan van so. Trong thdi dai biing no thdng tin dff lieu nhff hien nay, van de quan ly va kiem soat dff lieu du'dc luff trff trong cac h i thdng trd tiianh mdt thach thffc khdng nhd. Khi tai lieu dffdc dang tai len mang Intemet, ngu'di diing bang each nao dd deu cd the tim kiem hoac sff dung nhieu phffdng phap de cd du'dc cac ngudn dff lieu gia trj va y nghTa.

Van de dSt ra lam sao de cd tiie dam bao an toan thdng tin va dff lieu ciia ngu'di ditng trong h i thdng hien tai. Ngoat viec dam bao dff lieu dffdc sff dyng dung muc dich cdn can xac nhan rang viec truy cap, chia se dd khdng vi pham phap luat hoSc cac dieu khoan da du'dc quy djnh va hdn het la dao dffc trong viec sff dung thong tin dff lieu.

Qua trinh so hoa de luff trff, ma hoa eae tai lieu la Kin thiet trong viec utig dung nhan vSn sd, da trd thanh mgt giai phap quan trpng va then ehdt.

Viec duy tri, bao tdn cae ngudn Iffc va dff an so trd thanh mpt thach thffc ldn khdng chi ddi vdl nhan van sd ma cdn vdi cac cd quan chu quan.

C3n cd chien Iffdc lau dai, hdp ly de cd the duy tri dff an mdt each ben viing. Trong thffc tien, da cd nhiirig dff an nhan van so keo dai vai chyc nam, trai qua qua trinh xay dffng va xff ly rat nhieu phan nhd trong do (nhu" dff an co may thdi gian Venice trong Hinh 2). De duy tri dff an ia mgt van de phffc tap va se gap phai nhieu khd khan, thach thffc. Nhieu dff an nhan van sd gap van de khd do dim du'dc gia trj, hiiu qua trien khai nhat la khi can phai duy tri trong thdi gian rat lau, kmh phf duy tri trd thanh van de Idn. Neu bd ngang giffa chutig khi chffa ket thtjc dff an thi rat lang phi thdi gian va nguon Iffe da dau tff ban dau.

Dieu nay cho thay viec bao quan, phat trien ben vutig cac tai nguyin dd va kmh phi cho nhan van sd la mpt trong nhutig diem han chi, khd khan Idn can dffdc khac phuc khi tiien khai.

Van hoa hpc thuat ciia cac nha nghiin culJ khoa hpe xa hdi va nhan v3n cQng la mgt rao can Idn. Hg cd xu hu'dng khep kin va khd tham gia vao cgng dong nghien o l l i rdng ldn, nhat la khi dpi nghien effu dffdc tiiiet lap tren khdng gian so, cpng ddng ao, cpng tac qua mang. Nhieu nha nghien ciiU thudc the h i cu cd xu hffdng e ngai hoac khdng tiiich sff dyng cac nen tang cdng nghe mdi. Ve cd ban, han che trao ddi y tffdng thdng qua cac phffdng ben truyen thdng se ft nhieu lam giam nang Iffc nghien cuff ctia eac nha khoa hgc va dieu nay anh hffdng den chat Iffdng cua eae cdng trinh nghien ciiu.

Van de thay doi nhan thffc va tff duy cu d mpt sd ndi van cdn ta mpt thach thffc Idn khi mudn utig dung nhan van so. 6 mdt sd ITnh vffc, ngffdi ta vln chffa xem trpng viec ap dyng cdng nghe, ddi khi da utig dyng nhan van sd nhuhg van chu^

cd bat ky nhan thffc gi ve nd. Tac pham va cdng trinh nghiin cuff ve nhan van sd d Viet Nam hiin nay van cdn rat han che, phan ldn la chua dffdc ap dung rdng rai d nffdc ta. Tham chi la d nhieu ndi, eae hoat dgng liTig dyng cdng nghe - thdng tin va ky thuat sd chi dffdc xem la viic phai lam theo nhiem vu, gdp phan nang cao hiiu qua cdng viec, ma khdng thu:a nhan rang dd la viec sff dung nhan van sd vdi nhieu ffU diem va tiem nang phat trien Idn hdn.

4. Vai tro cua cac thiT vien trong v i ^ thuc day sii phat trien cua nhan v i n s5 trong tu'dng lai

Hiin nay, nhieu trffdng dai hpc va cd quan thdng tin Idn ti'en the gidi da ed djnh hffdng dao tao ve nhan van so, eoi nd nhu" la mdt trong nhiitig cdng tac chfnh ciia nhutig ngffdi lam thff vien trong thdi diem hiin tai va tffdng lai. Tuy nhien, de cd the ffng dung nhan van sd mdt each hiiu qua ran sff dau tff ve thdi gian eung nhff ke hoach ehien lu'dc lau dai.

Thff vien vdi vai trd truyen thdng la ndi eung cap dich vy, cung cap tiidng tin cho nhieu doi

tffdng ngffdi diing khac nhau se cd nhieu tiem nSng trong viic fftig dung cac thanh tffu cdng nghe mdi de ho trd cgng dong. Ngay nay, thff vien cd the trd thanh ndi giup tai tao cac ngudn thong tin, tff lieu gia tri cao hdn, la ndi truyen cam hutig va ket ndi nhieu iinh vffc eung nhff nha nghien cuff.

Len ke hoaeh, Iffu trff, quan ly dff lieu, bat d i u cac nghiin effff mdi va cung cap cac gdi y, nguon cdng bo, tai lieu tham khao, trfch dan, dff an... se la nhutig cdng tac mdi ma cac thff vien cd the trien khai trong tffdng lai. Thff vien se phai chii ddng hdn trong viec uhg dyng nhan van so vdi vai trd nhff mgt ndi trung gian k i t ndi cac nha khoa hge. Se hiiu qua hdn neu thu' viin ket ndi dffdc nhieu nha nghien cffu cd cung mdi quan tam den mdt ITnh \flJc.

Vdi khoa hgc xa hdi va nhan van thi thff vien ddng vai tro rat quan trpng. Phan ldn cac nghien cuff ngay nay can ho trd bdi cac cdng cy, cdng nghe mdi va dpi ngu ngffdi lam thff vien. Ddi khi hg la nhffng ngffdi am hieu ve tai lieu hdn nha nghiin cffu va tff do hg cd the ho trd cho qua trinh nghien ciiu ndi chung eung nhff khoa hgc nhan van ndi rieng mdt each hieu qua nhat.

Thff vien ed the ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec thiie day sff phat trien oia nhan van sd. Khi ap dung cac cdng nghe mdi, thff vien se trd thanh kinh tffdng tac hiiu qua, la nc^ ffdm mam cho nhieu y tffdng sang tao, chff khdng chi la ndi cung cap nhifhg djch vy truyen thdng. Cac nha nghien ciJu khoa hgc nhan van the he cu thieu nhay cam vdi cae eong nghe. Do vay, hg can ho trd tff ngffdi lam thff viin de ed the nang cao chat lu'dng nghien ct/u ciia chinh minh.

Tuy nhien, yeu cau ning Iffc eua ngffdi lam thff vien phai dffdc nang cao de cd the ho trd cho nha nghiin cuff van dyng nhan van so. Kha nang sff dyng cong cy cung nhff cac kien thffc va ky nang ve cdng nghe la khdng the thieu. Ngoai ra, hg can nam vuhg nguon tai nguyen thong tin, djch vu trong he thdng. NhDhg dieu nay rat ran thiet ddi vdi ngffdi lam thff viin trong tffdng lai, nhat la khi nhan van sd dffdc ffng dyng rdng rai.

Vai trd cua thff vien trong nhan van sd ciing

ran dffdc ^ n h vj lai. Thff viin frong tffdng lai khdng chi la ndi cung cap tai lieu ma cdn cd tiie trd thanh ndi hoat ddng lien nganh. Tff do giup giam bdt ap iffe dio cac nha nghiin cuff nhan v3n khi phai den nhd cay cae nha nghiin ciiff edng nghe ho trd. Thff viin se trd thanh mdt ndi ti-ung gian, khdng bi anh hu'dngijcfi bat ky quan niem cd huff nao, la ndi ket ndi tat ca mgt ngffdi vdi nhau. Thff vien trong tu'dng lai se cung cap tiidng tin d khdng gian ti'ch cffe nhat ma mgi ngffdi ed the a / dyng dffdc. O dd, nhieu loai hinh hoat ddng va trai nghiem phong phu se dffdc trien khai mpt each hieu qua, lan toa tri thffc va khdi day niem dam me hpc hdi, kham pha khoa hpc manh me.

Vf dy, trong md hinh Library Lab: Thff viin se la ndi ho trd cho eac y tudng dffdc thyt hien.

Ngffdi lam thff vien cd the ho trd cho nha nghien effff hien thffc hoa nhiJng y tffdng cua hp dong thdt giiJp k i t ndi cac nha nghien cffu khac cffng tham gia vao qua trinh nghien culi nay. Ngudi lam thff vien trudc day ludn mang tam the la ngffdi phuc vu. Tuy nhiin, bang viic ffhg dyng nhan van sd, hp cd the ho trd nha nghien cufff va trd thanh ddi tac, chff khdng chi la ngffdi phyc vy. Khi lam viic trong mdi trudng cdng tac se khac phyc du'dc nhieu diem han ehe, tao ra tff duy phan bien tich cffe, gdp phan nang rao chat Iffdng ciia cac cdng trinh nghiin cffu. Hp cd the ciing tham gia vdi nha nghiin a/u, trao dot va truyen cam hffng ciing nhff ddng Iffe lam viec, tham chf cd the giiip nha khoa hpc len chien Iffdc, ke hoach nghien cfftj mpt each tdi uli nhat.

De dat nhi?ng dieu nay, ngffdi lam thu' vien can dffdc dao tao thim ve cac cdng nghi mdt mdt each liin tuc va bai ban hdn vi cdng nghi luon thay doi khdng ngiihg. Neu nhu" hp diitig lai d dau dd va chi su" dyng cac cdng ey truyen thdng thi se nhanh chdng bj tyt hau, bj bd lai phfa sau va khdng dap utig du'dc nhutig y i u rau ddi vdt cac hoat dpng ctia nhan vSn so.

Ngoai ra, cac thff vien cung can dau tff hdn cho viic mua sam, sang tao, ho trd cac iihg dung va phan mem de phuc vy viec trien khai cac cdng nghe mdi. Dpi ngu cdng tae viin am hieu ve edng nghe mcfi se la mpt nguon Iffc Idn giiip cho cac

»l!ail 5(79,

tiiff viin trien khai thanh cdng viec ijtig dung nhan vSn sd.

Ket luan

Nhan van sd la mdt fTnh vffc nghien ciilj cdn rat mdi me d Viet Nam. Viec ffng dung cac thanh tffu ky thuat sd va khoa hoc may ti'nh vao nghiin ci/u eae nganh nhan van dang trd nin can thiet va quan trpng hdn bao gid het, Nhan van so se giup eac cd quan, to chffc bao ton va gin giff eac gia trj van hoa, di san, tff lieu mdt each cd hieu qua nhat. Ben canh dd, vai trd ciia cac thu* vien la kha quan trpng trong viec thitc day sff phat trien eua nhan van sd trong tu'dng lai. Thu" vien khdng chi la ndi cung cap eac san pham va dieh vu truyen thdng ma edn cd the trd thanh ndt truyen cam hiitig sang tao, ket ndi nhieu iinh vffc va nha nghien effu, the hien manh me hdn vai trd trung gian trong viec gan k i t edng ddng eiia minh. De lam du'dc dieu nay, cac thu" vien can cd sff dau tff dai han, nghiem tiic ve cdng nghe mdi song song vdi viec dao tao nhan sff dap ffng cac y i u eau ngay cang cao cua qua trinh nghien cffu, dao tao va-giang day nham theo kjp nhiJtig thay doi nhanh cffa tiie gidi.

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How Digital Are the Digital Humanities? An Analysis of Two Scholarly Blogging Platforms. PLOS ONE 10 (2): 60115035, 2015.

3. Nadim Akhtar Khan, Sabiha Zehra Rjzvi, Tazeem Zainab, Samah Mushtaq Khan. Digital Humanib& in Cultural Preservation. IGI Global, 2015.

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Truy cap ngay 8/7/2019.

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(Ngay toa soan nhan bat: 11/7/2019; Ngay phan biin: 23/7/2019; Ngiy chap nhan dang: 8/8/2019)

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