THUV TIEN - KINH NGHIEM
THUC HIEN CHINH SACH XA H O I THEO TINH THAN NGHI QUYET H O I NGHI TRUNG UUNG LAN THUS, KHUA Xi
THS NGUYEN HUU HOANG (*)
Tdm tit: Bii viit dinh gii kit qua qui trinh thUc thi hi thong chinh sich xa hdi d nUde ta theo tinh than Nghi quyd't so 15-NQ/TW mdt so van dS vS chfnh sich xa hdi giai doan 2012 - 2020 do Hoi nghi lin thU 5, Ban Chip hinh Trung Udng khda XI ban hinh; qua do de ra mot so giii phip nang cao hieu qui thUe hien ehinh sich xa hdi d Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi.
TUkhda: Chfnh sich xi hoi; Nghi quyit Hdi nghi lan thU 5, Ban Chip hanh Trung Udng khoa XI.
Abstract: This paper reviews the results of the implementation of social policy system in our country in line with the Resolution of the 5th Plenary Meeting of 11th Central Government, and proposes some solutions to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of social policies in Vietnam in the upcoming time.
Keywords: Social policies; Resolution of the 5th Plenary Meeting; Executive Committee of 11th Central Government.
Ngiy nhan bii: 10/02/2020 Ngiy bidn tip: 20/02/2020 Ngiy duydt ding: 17/3/2020
1. He thdng chinh sach xa hdi Vipt Nam giai doan 2012 - 2020
1.1. Chinh sach uu dai vdi ngudi cd cong ThU nhit, ve cdng tie xay dUng. hudng din to ChUc tht/c hien chinh sach.
Ngay 01/6/2012, Hdi nghj Trung Qdng lan thU5, khda XI da thdng qua Nghj quyet sd 15- NQ/TW mdt sd van de ve chfnh sach xa hpi giai doan 2012-2020 (Nghj quyet sd 15-NQ/TW).
Nghi quydt khang djnh quan diem: "Khdng ngQng cat thien, nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than eua ngQdi cd cdng va bao dam an sinh xa hpi la nhiem vu thQdng xuyen, quan trpng eua Dang, Nha nudc, cua ca he thdng chfnh trj va toan xa hdi".
De phu hdp vdi sy phat trien cua nen kinh td dat nude, Uy ban thudng vu Qudc hoi da ban hanh Phap lenh sd 04/2012/PL- UBTVQH13 ngay 16/7/2012 sQaddi, bd sung
(*) Hgc vi$n Chinh tri khu vue li, Hge vi$n Chinh tri quoe gia Ho Chi Minh
mdt sd dieu cua Phap lenh Uu dai ngudi cd edng vdi each mpng (Phap lenh sd 04/2012/
PL-UBTVQH13) va Phap lenh sd 05/2012/
UBTVQH13 ngay 20/10/2012 sQa ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu eua Phap lenh quy djnh danh hieu vinh dp Nha nude "Ba me Viet Nam anh hung" (Phap lenh sd 05/2012/UBTVQH13).
Theo dd, ddi tUdng dupe md rdng; dieu kien, tieu chuan xae nhan da cd ban hoan thien va phu hop thyc t i l n ; cae che dp Uu dai dupe nang ten, npi dung Uu dai dUdc luat phap hoa va trd thanh mpt he thdng ehfnh sach bao gdm nhieu mat eua ddi sdng (trp d p , phy ea'p, cham sde sQc khde, cat thien nha 6, Qu dai ve giao dye - dao tao, viee lam, ruong dat, tfn dyng, thud...); quy dinh cy the tham quyen, trach nhiem eiJa eac bp, nganh, dia phQPng trong quan ly nha nQde vd ehinh saeh Uu dai ngUdi cd cdng vdi each mang.
Chf thj sd 14/CT-TW ngay 19/7/2017 eua Ban Bf thU Trung Udng Dang ve tiep tyc tang eUdng sU lanh dao eua Dang ddi vdi cdng tac
To ebuc nhd nuoc so 3/3030
ngudi ed cdng vdi each mang nhan manh:
"Thyc hien tdt hdn nQa edng tae ngudi ed cdng vdi each mang; phan dau den nam 2020, 100% gia dinh ngudi cd edng vdi each mang cd mUc sdng b l n g hoac cao hon mye sdng trung binh cua edng dong dan eu ndi cu tru".
Bdo cao sd 146/BC-LDTBXH ngay 04/12/2018 cua Bo Lao ddng - ThUdng binh va Xa hdi ve tdng ket thi hanh Phap lenh Uu dai ngudi cd cdng vdi edeh mang (2014 - 2018) cho thay viec trien khai thyc hien chinh saeh Qu dai ngudi ed edng da dat dUde nhieu ket q u i ndi bat nhu sau:
Chinh phu da ban hanh 02 nghj djnh; Thu tudng Chinh phCi ban hanh 04 quyet djnh va 03 eh? thj hudng d i n thi hanh Phap lenh Uu dai ngUdi ed edng vdi each mang.
Bp Lao ddng - ThUPng binh vk Xa hdi da ban hanh theo tham quyen va phdi hpp vdi eae bp, nganh ban hanh 06 thdng tu vk thdng tu lien tjch de hudng d i n trinh ty, thu tye xae nhan va thyc hien che dp uu dai ddi vdi ngudi cd cdng vdi each mang. Bd Tdi ehinh, Bd Y te, Bp Qude phdng, Bp Cdng an, Bd Xay dpng, Bd Giao dye va Dao tao, Bp Ndi vu,..
theo ehUe nang va tham quyen dupe giao, da ban hanh Thdng tu hudng dan ve trinh ty thu tye, ehe dp quan ly nha nydc ve xac nhan va thyc hien Uu dai lien quan den ngUdi cd cdng vdi each mang.
ThU hai, vS cdng tie tuydn truySn, phi biin chinh sich.
Chinh saeh ddi vdi ngudi cd cdng dupc tuyen truyen, pho bien dudi nhieu hinh thQc phong phu, da dang tren cac phQdng tien thdng tin dai ehung eua Trung Udng, dja phUdng va thdng qua cac cudc sinh boat, to chQc cae sU l^ipn, hoat ddng eua eae cd quan, doan the, hpi quan ehung,... nhU: "Di tim ddng dpi", "Trd ve tu ky Qe" eua Dai Truyen hinh Viet Nam; cudc thi viet ve "Ky Qe ngUdi Ifnh"
do Tong cyc Chfnh trj Quan ddi nhdn dan td chQc; ehuyen de giai dap ehfnh sach Qu dai ngUdi cd cdng cua Dai Tieng ndi Viet Nam, td chUe hdi nghi bidu dUdng ngUdi ed edng vdi each mang hang nam,...
ThU ba, ve edng tic kidn toin to chUc bd may thue hien chinh sach Uu dai ngUdi cd cdng.
Bd Lao ddng - ThUPng binh vk Xa hdi eung eac bp, ngdnh lien quan, Cly ban nhan dan eac ca'p trien khai thyc hien quyet liet vdi mye tieu dat trpng tam cai each hanh chfnh trong ITnh vpc ngudi ed cdng, trong dd ehu trpng eai each the ehe; xay dpng, nang eao chat lupng dpi ngu edn bd, eong ehUc, vien ehye; nang eao c h i t lupng djch vy hanh chfnh cdng, cu the: bai bd 01 thu tyc hanh ehfnh, ddn gian hda 21 thu tye hanh ehfnh tren tdng sd 43 thu tyc hanh chfnh, chiem t^ le 50% thCl tye hanh ehfnh hien hanh, tfeh epc ehf dgo Ung dyng cdng nghe thdng tin trong cdng tac quan ly'''; didu ehinh td chQc, s i p xdp l^i theo hQdng tinh gon, hieu qua d p trung Qdng va dia phUdng'^',...
ThU tu, ve cdng tac xac nhan ngUdi cd cong^^K Ddn nay, ca nude da xae nhan dupc trdn 9,2 trieu ngUdi ed edng. Trong dd, sd ngUdi cd cdng dang hudng che dp Uu dai hang thdng gan 1,4 trieu ngudi. Cdng tac xac nhan ngudi ed edng dupe thpc hien thee dung quy trinh, quy dinh eua phap luat; ed sQ phdi hdp chat che eua eae d p , eac nganh, cae cd quan ehQe nang, huy ddng traeh nhiem eija ca he thdng chinh trj va toan xa hdi.
ThU nam, vi thuc hidn che dd Uu dai ngUdi CO cdng'^'K
Tinh den thang 7/2019, mUc trd d p uu dai ngUdi ed edng la 1.515.000 ddng (eao hdn mUc IUdng cd sd la 1.390.000 ddng cua can bp, edng ehUe hien nay). Hien tgi, ede ddi tUdng cd cdng dang hudng trp d p hang thang la gan 1,4 trieu ngUdi va hdn 500.000 than nhan ngudi cd cdng dang hudng trd d p tidn tua't hdng thang vdi tdng kinh phi khoang 29.000 ty ddng/nam. Tdng kinh phi thQc hidn Phap lenh Lfu dai ngUdl ed cdng vdi each mang hang nam khoang 31.000 ty ddng (bao gdm trp d p mdt lan, trp d p hdng thang, bio hiem y te. edng tae md, nghTa trang liet sT, den dn dap nghTa,...).
Cac Uu dai ve nha d, giao dye va dao tao, d p thd bao hiem y td, giai quyet viec lam,
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To chuc nha nuoc so 3/3030chl dp dieu dudng, ehinh sach xay dUng, quan ly eae edng trinh ghi cdng liet sTva quy tap hdi edt liet sT, xac dinh danh tinh hai cot ligt sT, phong trao "Den dn dap nghTa" dupe thyc hien td't va d^t nhieu ket qua ndi bat.
Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh tridn khai thUe hien ehinh sach uu dai vdi ngudi ed edng v l n con nhQng vUdng mac, bat cap sau:
Mot li, mdt sd tidu ehi, khai niem, dieu kien, tieu ehuan de xem xet, edng nhan ngudi c6 cdng vdi edeh mang chua dUdc giai thich, lam ro; dang con cd nhQng ludng y kien, each hieu khac nhau nen qua trinh trien khai thyc hien thieu nhit quan, lung tung, edn bo sdt mpt sd chinh sach.
Hai ia, ehe dp Uu dai ngudi cd edng vdi each mang ehua that hdp ly.
Ba la, viee giai quyet hd sd de nghj xac nhan ngudi cd eong vdi cdeh mang dang tdn dong d cac dja phUdng trong mot thdi gian dai, vdi khdi lupng kha Idn Id mpt nhiem vy rat nang ne, phUe tap ddi hoi phai cd sU van dung linh hoat, phu hdp vdi dieu kien Ijch sQ cua tUng thdi ky each mang va d n khan trUdng thyc hien.
Bin la, mdt sd tac ddng tieu eye trong qua trinh trien khai ehinh sach, phap luat ve uu dai ngUdi ed edng chua dUde thanh tra, kiem tra va xQ ly kjp thdi nhU khai hd sd khdng trung thue nham trye Ipi ehinh saeh (nhu thUdng binh vk ngudi boat ddng khang chien bj nhiem eha't dpe hda hpe...).
1.2. Chinh sich an sinh xa hgi 1.2.1. Chinh sach viec lim
Cd ciu lao ddng: theo ket qua Tong dieu tra dan sd va nha d nam 2019, ed ca'u gidi tfnh phan bd trong lyc IUdng lao dOng eija Viet Nam tUdng ddi can bang vdi ty trpng 52,7% nam gidi va 47,3% nQ gidi tham gia iQc lupng lao ddng (LLLD). Nhdm dan sd tham gia LLLD nhieu nhat la tQ 25-54 tudi. Trong vong 40 nam, tQ nam 1989 den nay, ty trpng nQ gidi chiem trong LLLD giam nhe, tU 48,8%
vao nam 1989 xudng con 47,3% vao nam 2019. Ty trpng nQ trong LLLD ehenh leeh khong dang ke giQa thanh thi va nong thdn.
Ty trpng ndy 6 ca hai khu vQe deu dao ddng 6 mQe 47,3%. Ty trpng phy nQ tham gia LLLD thap nhat la tai Ddng bang sdng CQu Long (44,0%) va cao nha't tai Ddng bang sdng Hdng (49,6%).
Tuoi tham gia LLLD: dan cQ khu vQc thanh thj tham gia vdo thj trudng lao ddng mupn hpn va rdi khoi thj trudng lao ddng sdm so vdi ddn eu khu vUe ndng thdn. Dieu kien sdng cang eao thi tudi tham gia thj trUdng lao dong cang cao.
Lao ddng eo viee lim theo trinh do chuyen mdn ky thuit (CMKT): lao dong ed viee Idm dupe dao tao ehuyen mdn ky thuat chiem ty trpng nhd, trong dd, gan mpt nQa dat trinh dp dai hpe vk tren dai hpe. Ty trong lao ddng ed viee lam dupe dao tao CMKT chiem 23,1%
(hdn 3/4 lao ddng ed vide lam ehUa dupe ddo tao, chiem 76,9%). Da sd lao ddng ed viee lam ehua qua dao tao dang cu tru 6 khu vye ndng thdn. Ty trong lao ddng ed viee lam vk khdng cd CMKT d khu vyc ndng thdn cao gap 1,3 lan 6 khu vuc thanh thi (84,4% so vdi 60,7%). Trong so lao dong cd viec lam cd trinh dp CMKT, cd 45,9% lao ddng dUde ddo tao CMKT trinh dp tQ dai hpe trd ten. Con sd nay d khu vue thanh thi eao gap 1,6 lan d khu VQC nong thdn (56,6% so vdi 33,6%).
Cd d u dan sd cd viec lam theo nghe nghiep: lao ddng ky nang tha'p v l n chiem ty trpng eao trong nen kinh td. Ket qua Tong dieu tra dan sd va nha 6 nam 2019 cho thay, nhdm nghe lao ddng gian ddn v l n thu hut nhieu nhan lye nhat trong nen kinh te vdi ty le 33,2%. Tuy nhien, so vdi 10 nam trudc day, ty trong lao ddng lam cdng viee giln ddn da giam manh (giam 7,1 diem phan tram).
Thit nghidp: ty le that nghiep eua Viet Nam 6 mQe thap (nam 2019 la 2,05%). Ty le that nghiep cua ngudi c6 trinh do chuyen mdn cao Idn hdn ty le that nghiep eua ngudi cd trinh dp chuyen mdn thap.
1.2.2. Chfnh sach thu nhap va giam ngheo Dii vdi ehfnh sich thu nhip: tfnh ehung nam 2019, thu nhap binh quan thang eOa lao dong Idm edng hUdng lUdng la 6,7 trieu
To chuc nha nuoc so 3/3030
ddng/thang, trong dd thu nhap cua lao ddng nam la 7,1 trieu ddng/thang, lao ddng nQ \k 6,3 trieu ddng/thang, lao ddng thanh thi la 7,8 trieu ddng/thang, lao dong ndng thdn la 5,9 trieu ddng/thang. Thu nhap binh quan thang cua lao ddng lam cdng hudng lUPng nam 2019 eua nhdm "Nha lanh dao trong ede nganh, cac ca'p va eae ddn vj" la 11,4 trieu ddng/thang, tang 1,7 trieu ddng so vdi nam trudc; nhdm "Nhd ehuyen mdn ky thuat bac eao" la 9,2 trieu ddng/thang, tang 01 trieu ddng; nhdm "Lao dong gian ddn" la 4,8 trieu ddng/thang, tang 717 nghin dong. Thu nhap binh quan thang tU cdng viec lam cdng hudng luong nam 2019 eija lao dong ed trinh dp tren dai hpe trd len la 9,3 trieu ddng/thang, tang 1,06 trieu ddng so vdi nam trUde; lao ddng ed trinh do sd cap la 7,7 trieu ddng/thang, tang 1,08 trieu ddng; lao ddng chUa hpe xong tidu hoc la 5 trieu ddng/thang; lao ddng ehUa tUng di hpe la 4,2 trieu ddng/thang.
Doi vdi ehfnh sach giim nghdo ben vUng:
ngudi ngheo, ngudi dan toe thieu sd, ngQdi dan d huyen ngheo vung dae biet khd khan dupc hudng tfn dyng Uu dai phat trien san xuat, hd trp di dan djnh canh djnh eU, giai quyet dat 6, da't san xuat va giai quyet viec lam, dupc cap the bao hiem y te miln phi, hd trd ve nha d, nude sinh boat, dien thap sing, hd trd phap ly, hd trd tidn dien... T r i em trong eac hd gia dinh ngheo dUde miln hpe phf va e l c khoan ddng gdp, dUdc nhan hpe bong vk trd d p xa hpi, hd trp hpe ban tru, tfn dyng hpe sinh, sinh vien, day nghe cho hoc sinh ddn toe thieu sd...
Nam 2015, Viet Nam da trd thanh mdt trong sd nhQng nQde di dau d khu vye chau A - Thai Binh DUdng trong ap dyng phQdng phap do IQdng ngheo da chieu (giai doan 2016-2020). Dd nang eao hieu qua cua chinh sach giim ngheo, Qud'c hoi va Chfnh phij da gdp eac ehQdng trinh xda ddi, giam ngheo lai thanh "ChQdng trinh mye tieu qude gia Giim ngheo ben vQng giai doan 2016 - 2020"'^' vdi tdng kinh phf thye hien giai doan 2016 - 2020 la 48.397 ty ddng, trong dd 95,7% huy ddng
tQ ngan sach nha nudc. Ngodi ra, Nha nUdc edn bd tri 44.214 ty ddng de thue hien chinh sdeh giam ngheo thudng xuyen, hd trd ngudi ngheo vd y te, gido dye, nha d, tin dung. Cac dja phQdng trong ea nUde edn huy ddng dUdc khoang hdn 7.303 ty ddng, trong dd, chi hogt ddng an sinh xa hdi, giam ngheo hpn 5.560 ty ddng trong eac nam 2016 va 2017*^'.
Theo Van phdng Qude gia ve giam ngheo, tfnh den cudi nam 2018, ty Id hd ngheo binh quan ea nude giam edn khoang 5,35%. Nam 2019, ty le hp ngheo ea nude binh quan giim tu 01 ddn 1,5%/nam. Rieng cdc huydn, xa ngheo giam 4%/nam. Ty Id hd ngheo dan tpc thieu sd giam 3% den 4% theo chuan ngheo tiep can da chieu giai doan 2016 - 2020.
Tuy nhien, thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi da dupe nang len nhung edn thap va tinh trang bat binh dang van xay ra. Ty Id hp ngheo edn rd't cao d mdt sd vung, dja phUdng, dae biet la d vung midn nui phia Bic, vung Tay Nguyen va vung Ddng bang sdng CQu Long. Giim ngheo thieu ben vOng va nguy cd tai ngheo edn eao. TQ nam 2010, Viet Nam da gia nhap vao nhdm thu nhap trung binh, do vay hd trd ODA eua cdng ddng qudc te giam dan, ddi hdi phai sQ dyng hieu qua hdn ngudn lye ban ehe ddnh eho an sinh xa hpi ndi Chung va cho giam ngheo ndi rieng. Mat khde, v l n dd bien ddi khf hau toan cau, tham hpa thien nhien ngay eang nhieu hdn va kho kiem soat lam tang nhdm d l bi tdn thUdng;
mdt bd phan hd ngheo khdng the tU vUPn ten thoat ngheo, ddi hdi phai ed nhQng chfnh sdeh dac thu.
1.2.3. Chinh sach bio hiem xa hdi Bko hiem xa hdi (BHXH) Viet Nam da tfeh epc, ehu dong phdi hdp vdi ede bd, nganh lien quan nghien cQu, xay dyng, ban hanh 57 van ban tham gia xay dQng De an cai each ehinh sach tien IUdng va De an cai each chinh saeh BHXH; xay dung 6 bao eao quan trpng phye vy eho cdng tac giam sat, quan ly quy BHXH va cdng tae xay dyng hoan thien he thdng phap luat ve BHXH. Nam 2018, BHXH Viet Nam da ban hanh 12 van ban hudng
To chuc nhxh nu6c so 3/3030
din, chi dao nghiep vy, cha'n ehfnh, phdng ehdng that tholt quy BHXH, bao hiem that nghiep; tdng hpp ban hanh 11 van ban de nghj eae bd, ngdnh hudng d i n xQ ly nhQng vdn dd vUdng m l c trong qua trinh td chQe thUe hien Luat BHXH, Luat An toan ve sinh lao ddng, Luat Viec lam.
Ddn nay, theo Ude tinh toan nganh da giai quyet cho 122.843 ngUdi hudng che dp hUu tri, tQ tua't, tai nan lao ddng benh nghe nghiep hang thang, giam 18% so vdi nam 2017 (trong dd, hudng lUdng hUu la 99.290 ngudi, giam 22% so vdi nam 2017); 810.033 ngudi hudng cae ehe dp BHXH mpt lan, tang 17%
so vdi nam 2017 (trong dd hudng BHXH mdt lan la 695.363 ngUdi, tang 23% so vdi nam 2017); 9.750.393 ngUdi huSng eac che do dm dau - thai san, dUdng sUc phye hoi sUe khoe tang 6,28% so vdi nam 2017. Tiep nhan va giai quyet kjp thdi gan 4.000 edng van, ddn thu, tham gia tiep edng ddn va giai quyet nhieu trudng hdp phQe tap ddn, thQ khieu nai, td eao keo dai'''.
Hien nay, toan nganh dang quan ly va ehi tra eho hdn 3 trieu ngudi hudng cac ehe dp BHXH hang thang. phUOng thQc chi tra dQpe thUe hien bang nhieu hinh thUe, linh hoat eho ngudi hudng; da cd 63/63 tinh, thanh phd trQc thude Trung Udng thue hien chi tra cae che dp BHXH qua cd quan buu dien vdi 11.164 xa, phUdng (dat ty le 100%); sd ngUdi nhan lUdng huu, trd cap BHXH, trd ea'p that nghiep qua thd ATM tren ca nUde chiem khoang 2 1 % tdng sd ngudi hudng cae che dp. Mac du vay, he thdng ehinh saeh, phap luat ve BHXH ehua theo kjp tinh hinh phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, chua thich Qng vdi qua trinh gia hda dan sd va sy xuat hien cac quan he lao ddng mdi.
Viec md rong va phat tridn ddi tQdng tham gia BHXH edn dudi mUe tiem nang; dp bao phu BHXH tang cham; sd ngUdi hudng BHXH mpt tan tang nhanh. Tinh trang trdn ddng, np ddng, gian lan, trye Idi BHXH cham dUde khac phuc. Quy hUu tri va tQ tuat ed nguy cd mat can ddi trong dai han. Chinh saeh bao hiem that nghiep ehua thyc sQ gan vdi thj
trudng lao dong, mdi tap trung nhieu cho khu vyc chinh thUe, chua cd chinh saeh phu hdp eho khu vUe phi chfnh thQc (ndi ngQdi lao dong d l bj tdn thQpng), edn nang ve giai quyet trp cap that nghiep, ehua ehu y thoa dang den eac giai phap phdng ngUa theo thdng le qude te,...
1.2.4. Chinh sich dim bio mUc toi thiiu ve mot so dich vu xa hoi ed ban cho ngUdi dan
Ve bio dam giio due: ket qua Tdng dieu tra dan sd va nha d nam 2019 eho thay, trai qua 10 nam, giao dye phd thdng da ed sy o i l thien rd ret trong viee tang ty le di hoe ehung va di hoc dung tudi. Trong dd, bac trung hoe phd thdng cd sy cat thien ro ret; tuy nhien, v l n con su ehenh leeh ve thue trang di hpe d bae hpe nay giQa hai gidi va giQa cac vung kinh te - xa hdi. Ngodi ra, hPn 1/3 dan sd tU 15 tudi trd ten dat trinh dp hpe van tU trung hoc phd thdng trd len ed sU khde biet ve trinh do hoe van giQa khu vUe thanh thj vk khu vUc ndng thdn, giQa cac vung kinh te - xa hdi vk giQa eae nhdm ddn sd phan theo mQe dp giau ngheo.
TQ thQc te dd. de dam bao kha nang tiep can san giao due hien nay, can tiep tyc thyc hien ckc ehien iQpc. ehUdng trinh, de an ve giao due. Md rdng va tang eudng eae ehe dp hd trd, nhat \k dd'i vdi thanh, thieu men thudc hp ngheo, ngudi dan tdc thieu sd d cac huydn ngheo, xa, thdn, ban dae biet khd khan de bao dam phd cap giao due ben vQng. Tang sd lUdng hpe sinh trong cac trudng dan tdc npi tru, md rpng md hinh trQdng ban tru; xay dQng va eung ed nha tre trong khu eong nghiep va vung ndng thdn. Xay dyng de an phd cap mam non eho tre dQdi 5 tudi. Nang eao chat iQpng phd cap trung hoe ed sd, dac biet la ddi vdi con em hp ngheo, dan tdc thieu sd va tre em ed hoan d n h khd khan.
Ve bao dim y ti: tiep tye tnen khai ehien iQde, eac chUdng trinh, dd dn ve y te, nhat la de an khae phye qua tai 6 cac benh vien.
Cai thien dich vy eham sde sQe khoi nhan dan d eae tuyen cd sd, Uu tien eae huyen, xa ngheo, vung sau, vung xa, vung ddng bao
To chuc nhA nuoc so 3/3030
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dan tde thieu sd. Hoan thien viec phan cdng quan ly eae ddn vj thupe nganh y te d dia phUdng. Nang eao chat lupng cdng tae eham sde sUc khoe bd me va tre em.
Nang cao hieu qua sQ dung bao hiem y te ddi vdi ddng bao dan tpc thidu sd, vung mien nui, cac hd ngheo. SQa ddi, bd sung Luat Bao hiem y te, ddi mdi edng tae quan ly nha nude ve bao hiem y te, cd ehinh saeh khuyen khfeh ngudi dan, nhat la ngudi cd thu nhap dudi mUc trung binh tham gia bao hiem y te. Den nam 2020, tren 80% dan sd tham gia bao hiem y te.
Ve bio dam nha d: hien nay, tinh trang thue/mudn nha dang cd xu hudng tang len, dac biet d khu vye thanh thi va cae dja phQdng ddng dan cQ, cd nhieu khu cdng nghiep. Do dd, thdi gian tdi, can day manh viec thQc hien Chien lupe phat trien nha d qude gia den nam 2020 va tam nhin den nam 2030. Tiep tye thye hidn chUPng trinh xoa nha tam giai doan 2013 -2020. Ddi mdi edehdhd trd nhd d cho ngudi thu nhap thap d do thi de cd gid thud, gia mua hpp ly vdi cac ddi tupng. Tap trung khae phye nhQng khd khan ve d l t dai, quy hoach, vdn, thu tye, tao dieu kien eho cac doanh nghiep tham gia thyc hien eae dp an phat tridn nha 6 xa hdi, ed chfnh sach Uu dai cho doanh nghiep d i u tu xay dung nhd 6 tai cac khu edng nghiep.
VS bio dim nUdc sach: Thu tudng Chinh phu da phe duyet Chien lupe qude gia ve nUde sach va ve sinh mdi trudng ndng thdn ddn nam 2020 va ChUdng trinh mye tieu qudc gia nude saeh vk ve sinh mdi trudng ndng thdn giai doan 2012 - 2015 vdi ede dQ an: 1) Cap nude sinh boat va mdi trudng ndng thdn;
2) Ve sinh ndng thon; 3) Nang eao nang lyc, truyen thdng va gidm sat, danh gia thue hien ChUdng trinh. Do dd, can tiep tyc Uu tien cho ddng bao dan tpc thieu sd, ngUdi ddn d mien nut, hai dao, vung ngap lu, vung bi nhidm man. Phan dau den het nam 2020, ed 100%
dan eU nong thdn dUpe sQ dyng nudc sinh hdat hdp ve sinh, trong dd 70% dupe sQ dyng nude sach dat tieu ehuan qude gia.
Ve bio dim thdng tin: ngay 18/01/2011, Thu tudng Chinh phu ban hdnh Quye't djnh so 119/QD-TTg phe duyet De an phat trien thdng tin, truyen thdng ndng thdn giai dogn 2011 - 2020 vdi mye tieu phat trien he thdng vidn thdng, bUu dien, trung tam thong tin, kenh truyen hinh, internet.,, gdp phan thue day chuyen djeh cd eau kinh te, phat trien sin xuat, djch vu, xoa ddl, giam ngheo, ndng cao dan tri khu vyc ndng thdn.
Tuy nhien, mdt bd phan ngudi ngheo, nhat la ddng bao eac dan tdc thieu sd d cde huyen ngheo, vung sau, vung eao chua tiep can dUde thdng tin; gan 90% hd gia dinh ehUa ed may thu thanh va khoang 75% hd gia dinh ehUa ed mdy thu hinh; edn 1.800 xa (chiem 16,4% sdxa, phUdng ca nUdc). Ngudn nhan lUe thdng tin va truyen thdng v l n edn thieu ve so lupng, chat IUdng chua cao, dac biet la can bd thong tin va truyen thdng d p huyen, cap xa, phUdng, thi tran, da sd chi dupe dao tao qua cac Idp tap huln, bdi dudng kien thQc.
1.2.5. Chfnh sich trd giup ngUdi ed hoin canh die biet khd khan
Trd cip xi hoi d cong dong: sd IQdng va ty le ngUdi dupe hUdng trd d p xa hdi d edng ddng khdng ngUng tang len tU 2,6 trieu ngUdi (chidm 1,63% dan sd) nam 2014 len 2,863 trieu ngUdi (chiem 2,95% ddn so) vao nam 2018. Trong sd 2.863 trieu ngUdi dang hudng trp d p tien mat hdng thang d cdng ddng c6:
42.734 tre em ed hoan canh dac biet; 1.634.367 ngudi cao tudi; 1.012.623 ngudi khuydt tat va 172.844 ddi tUdng khac.
Ve phit trien ed sd trd giup xa hdi vi ehSm nudi dudng tap trung:t\nh den thang 12/2018, nude ta cd khoang 420 cd sd trd giup xa hdi, vdi 14.500 edn bp, nhan vien (binh quan 36 can bp, nhan vidn/1 cP sd); nudi dudng, cham sde 41.434 ddi tUdng bao trp xa hdi (binh quan Cham sde nudi dudng 103/01 cd sd);
trong dd ed 11.365 trd em; 4.723 ngUdi eao tudi; 8.218 ngUdi khuyet tdt nang; 10.438 ngUdi tam t h i n ; 1.421 ngudi nhilm HIV/AIDS va 5.269 ddi tUpng khae. Trong sd 420 cd sd
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To chlic nha nuoc so 3/3030trp giup xa hdi cd 213 cd sd cdng lap vk 207 cP sd ngoai edng lap; xet ve sd lUpng ed sd trd giup xa hdi thi khu vuc ngoai cdng lap eung chiem ty le 49%.
Trd giup ddt xuit: tfnh tU nam 2010 - 2018, thidn tai da lam 2.150 ngUdi chdt va mat tich, 3.391 ngUdi bj thUPng, 41.329 lUdt nha bj dd, sap, trdi, 3.156.312 lUdt nhd bj ngap, hU hai, tdc mai, hang trieu lupt hecta lua va hoa mau bj thiet hai, hang tneu met khdi dat da giao thdng, thuy Ipi bj sat Id, bdi lap. Ude tdng thiet hai ve tai san, hoa mdu, ed sd hp tang khoang 152.547 ty ddng.
Chinh saeh trp giup dot xuat da va dang dupe hoan thien theo hudng tQng bude bao dam on dinh ddi sdng ddn sinh va khac phye mdt phan hau qua thien tai. De bao dam ngudn Ipc thuc hien chfnh sach, trong vong 5 nam tQ 2014 - 2018, Chinh phu da hd trp eae dia phuong 195.261 tan gao 11.403.756 lUdt ngUdi. Vide trp giup khan cap cho nhQng ngudi, hd gia dinh gap rui ro, dae biet do thien tai dupc thpc hien theo phUdng cham 4 tai cho: ehfnh saeh trp cap thien tai dupe thye hien theo tyng bude hodn thien nen da ed ban dap Ung kjp thdi nhu d u ve bao dam an sinh cho ngudi ddn trong tinh trang khan cap.
Tuy nhien, ehfnh saeh xa hdi v l n bd hep trong pham vi bao trp eua Nha nude, ehua khuyen khich tu nhan, gia dinh, ck nhan tham gia eung cap cac djch vy bao trp, cham sde, nudi dudng tai gia dinh vk d cdng ddng.
MQe chuan trp cap xa hdi edn thap, ehi bang 20% mQe sdng tdi thieu va bang 35%
chuan ngheo.
2. GiSi phap nang cao hieu qua thUc hien chinh sach xa hpi 6 Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi
Mot li, tang cUdng sy lanh dao, ehf dao va quan ly eua cac cap uy dang, chinh quyen, phat huy syc manh cua ca he thdng ehinh trj, tao sy ddng thuan cua toan xa hdi trong vide thuc hien cac chUPng trinh, chfnh sach ddi vdi ngudi cd cdng va bao dam an sinh xa hdi.
Nang cao nhan thUe va traeh nhiem eua can bd, dang vien trong ehi dao vk to ehQe thue
hien. Bao eao ket qua edng tae hdng nam cua d p uy va chinh quyen eae d p d dja phuong phai eo npi dung ve thUe hien ehfnh saeh ngudi ed edng va an sinh xa hdi.
Hai li, day manh edng tdc tuyen truyen, phd bien phap luat, nang cao nhan thUe eua ckc cap, eac nganh, doan the va ngudi dan, xay dyng ed sd dQ lieu dien tQ ve ehinh sach Uu dai ngUdi ed edng va chfnh saeh an sinh xa hdi tai mdi dja phUdng de ngudi dan ed thd truy cap d l dang. Tiep tye phat huy truyen thdng "udng nude nhd nguon", day manh cdc phong trao den Pn dap nghTa, tUdng than tUPng ai, eham sde, giup dd ngQdi ed edng, ngudi ngheo.
Ba li, ddi mdi edng tac quan ly nha nUde trong ITnh vue Uu dai ngudi cd cdng va an sinh xa hdi. Ra soat, hoan thidn he thdng phap luat, cd che, ehinh saeh bao dam tinh hd thdng va ddng bp, ddn gian va hieu qua; vQa hd trp, vQa khuyen khich nd iQc vUdn len cua eae ddi tUdng thy hudng, khlc phye sy y lai, trdng ehd vdo Nha nUdc.
Bd'n li, thdng nha't ve dau moi quan ly cae ehuong trinh, ehfnh saeh theo hudng Chinh phu va eae bp, nganh Trung Udng chf quan ly myc tieu, hd trp ngudn lyc, hudng d i n thUe hien, td chQc thanh tra, kidm tra, gidm sat vide thye hien, phd bien dien hinh; dja phUdng ehju traeh nhiem quan ly ngudn lUe, td chUe thye hien. Nang eao nang luc thyc thi ehinh sach cua cap cd sd.
Nam li, hien dai hda edng tae quan ly, phypng thQc chi tra; xay dyng ed s6 dQ lieu hd gia dinh, ma sd ea nhan vk bd ehi sd an sinh xa hdi de quan iy, giam sat, danh gia viee thue hien ehinh sach an sinh xa hdi trong tUng thdi ky. Hang nam ed bao cdo qudc gia ve an sinh xa hpi, trong dd lam ro ket qua thyc hien chinh sach xa hpi d cac huyen ngheo, vung nui, bien gidi, hai dao va vung ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd.
Sau la, day manh hdp tac qude te, tranh thij ngudn lyc, kinh nghiem trong viec xay dyng va thye hien eac chinh sach an sinh xa hdi.
To chuc nha nuoc so 3/3030
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Biy la, N h a n u d c b a o d a m dQ n g u d n lye d d t h y e h i e n chfnh s a e h n g y d i c d e d n g ; d d n g t h d i q u a n t a m b d tri n g a n s a c h v a d a y m a n h x a hdi h d a huy d d n g n g u d n tyc eho viee t h y e h i e n chfnh s d c h an sinh xa h d i .
Tim la, d d i m d i v i e c p h d n bo n g u d n l y c d a p d n g y e u c a u thUe h i e n m y c t i e u e u a e a e c h i n h s a e h an s i n h xa h d i . P h a n d p m a n h e h o e a e d j a p h U d n g vk de eao t r a e h n h i e m c u a d j a p h U d n g t r o n g v i e c q u a n ly, sQ d y n g , I d n g g h e p e a e n g u d n l y c de t h u c h i e n . H o a n t h i e n c a c q u y d j n h ve v i e c q u a n ly v a sQ d y n g c a c k h o a n d d n g g d p t y n g u y e n c u a t d chUe v a ea n h a n , b a o d a m m i n h b ^ e h , h i e u q u a . / .
G h i c h u :
(1) Da tfeh cUc chf dao Ung dung cong nghe thdng tin trong cong tac quan ly nha nudc nhu:
sd hoa hd so ngudi cd cdng; phdi hop vdi Bo Thdng tin va Truyen thdng. Tong cdng ty Buu dien Viet Nam xay dung Cdng thong tin dien tQ ve Net sT, mp liet sTva nghTa trang Net sTde cung cap thdng tin phuc vu viec tim kiem mg Net sT trong ca nUdc.
(2) Tai Bp Lao dong - ThUdng binh va Xa hpi, C y c Ngudi c6 cdng giam 2 5 % sd phong, giam 10% sd can bp, cong chQc, vien chUc. 0 cap huyen da bd trf tQ 0 1 - 02 can bd lam cong tac ngudi cd cdng, d d p xa deu bo trf can bo chuyen trach cong tac lao dong - thuong binh va xa hgi, nhiem vu chu yeu la thyc hien chinh sach Uu dai ngudi cd cong.
(3) Bao cao s d 1 4 6 / B C - L D T B X H ngay 04/12/2018 cua Bg Lao dong • Thuong binh va Xa hpi ve Tdng ket thi hanh Phap lenh Uu dai ngUdi cd cong vdi each mang.
(4) Nghi dinh s d 58/2019/ND-CP ngay 01/7/2019 cija Chfnh phu ve mQc trp cap, phy cap Uu dai ddi vdi ngudi cd cong vdi each mang.
(5) Trong dd bao gdm 5 dy an thanh phan la:
ChQdng trinh 30a (giam ngheo nhanh va ben vQng cho cac huyen ngheo); ChUdng trinh 135
(ChQOng trinh phat tridn kinh te - xa hoi cac xa dac biet khd khan vung dSn tgc thieu s6 va m i l n nui); Hd trp phat trien san xuat, da d^ng hda sinh ke va nhan rong mo hinh giam ngheo tren dja ban cac xa ngoai ChQdng trinh 30a va ChUdng trinh 135; T r u y l n thong va giam ngheo ve thdng tin; Nang cao nang lyc va giam sat, danh gia thyc hien chUdng trinh.
(6) Mpt s6 chinh sach hd trp giam ngheo dac thu vung dan tpc thieu sd va mien nui nhu: Chinh sach vay vdn phat trien san xuat dd'i vdi dong bao dan tgc thieu so dac biet kho khan (Quyet dinh so 51/2012/QD-TTg ngay 04/12/2012); Chfnh sach hd trd da't 6. dat s i n xuat, nudc sinh hogt cho hp ddng bao dan toe thieu sd va hp ngheo 6 xa, thdn, b i n dac biet kho khan (Quyet dinh sd 755/QD-TTg ngay 20/5/2013); Chinh sach ho trt?
phat trien kinh te - xa hpi vung dan tdc thieu so va mien nui giai doan 2017 - 2020 (Quyet dinh s d 2085/QD-TTg ngay 31/10/2016); Chinh sach hd trp phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cac dan too thieu s d rat ft ngudi, giai doan 2016 - 2025 (Quydt dinh s d 2086/QD-TTg ngay 31/10/2016); Chinh sach ddi vdi ngudi c6 uy tin trong ddng bao dan t6c thieu sd (Quyet djnh sd 12/2018/QD-TTg ngay 06/3/2018); Chfnh sach hd trd hoat dong binh dang gidi vung dan too thidu sd va mien nui giai doan 2018 - 2025 (Quyet dinh sd 1898/QD-TTg ngay 28/11/2017); Chfnh sach day manh cong tac phd bien. giao dye phap luat; Chi'nh sach giam thieu tao hdn, hdn nhan can huydt thdng;
Chfnh sach thuc hien mpt sd myc tieu phat tri^n thien nien ky ddi vdi ddng bao dan tpc thieu so gan vdi phat tridn ben vQng sau nam 2015;
Chfnh sach phat trien tdng the kinh te - xa hgi vung ddng bao dan tdc thidu sd va mien nui giai doan 2 0 2 1 - 2 0 3 0 (Nghi quyet s d : 88/2019/OH14 ngay 18/11/2019 cua Qudc hgi khoa XIV),..,
(7) Dieu Ba DQdc (2019): "ThUc hien chinh sich bio hiem xa hgi nam 2018: Kit qui, vin de dat ra vi giai phip nam 2019", Tap chi Bao hiem xa hpi dien tQ. link truy cap: http://tapchi baohiem xahoi.gov,vn/tin-tuc/thuc-hien-chinh-sach-bhxh- nam-2018-ket-qua-van-de-dat-ra-va-giai-phap- nam-2019-20887,
