'710. hank phdp ludi 86 9 (318)-2018
THUC TRANG XA HOI HOA HOAT DONG TR0 GIUP PHAP LY d VIET NAM HIEN NAY
• • •
• N G U Y S N VIET KHOA *
Tom tdt: Cimg vdi chu truang xd hgi hoa mot so linh vuc qudn ly cua Nhd nudc, dinh huang xd h^i hoa hogt dgng trg giup phdp ly ngdy cdng dugc chd trgng vd day mgnh. Hogt dgng trg giup phdp ly, ve bdn chdt. Id mot logi hinh dich vy xd hgi. Bdi viet sau ddy khdi qudt vd ddnh gid ve thuc trgng xd hgi hoa hogt dgng trg giup phdp ly a Viet Nam hiin nay.
Abstract: Along with the policy of socializing some areas of state management, orientation of socialization of legal aid has been more and more paid attention to and strengthened. Legal aid is naturally a social service form. This article makes a general assessment on the current real situation of socializing legal aid in Vietnam.
T
rp giup phap ly Id viec cung cap dich vu phap ly mien phi cho ngudi duac trp giiip va dugc coi la sy the bien trach nhiem cua Nha nude ddi vdi edng dan khi hp thugc cac hudng hgp dac biet can phai dugc Nha nudc vd xa hpi quan tam giup dd. Nha nudc ddng vai trd quan ly, dieu phoi ngudn nhan lyc va tai chinh bao ddm hogt dpng tra giup phap ly cd bieu qua, ddng thdi hoan thien chinh sach trg giup phdp ly trong cac chucmg trinh giam ngheo, phat tridn kinh te - xa hgi, bao dam quyen con ngudi, quyen cdng dan, khdng dfl ngudi ddn ddi ngheo vfl phap luat.Trg giiip phap ly vdi tinh chit la mdt dich vu cdng ttong luih vyc tu phap, ngay tir ddu nhiing nam 2000 da dupe xac dinh la mdt trong nhiing hoat ddng cdn dugc phat trien theo hudng xa hpi hda. Nghi quyflt sd 48-NQ/TW ngdy 24/5/2005 cua Bd Chinh tri vfl Chifln lupc xay dyng va hoan thien bd thdng phap luat Viet Nam den nam 2010, dinh budng dfln
nam 2020 vd Nghi quyet sd 49-NQ/TW ngay 02/6/2005 cua Bd Chinh tri ve Chien luge cai each tu phdp den nam 2020 dflu khang dinh phai day manh boat ddng trg giup phdp ly cho ngudi ngheo va cac ddi tupng chinh sach theo hudng xa hpi hda. Chii truong xa hdi hda trp giup phap ly da dugc the che hda trong Luat Trg giup phap ly n a n 2006.
Muc tieu long qudt cua Chifln lupc pbat trien trp giup phap ly d Viet Nam den nam 2020, djnh hudng den nam 2030 ban hdnh theo Quyflt djnh so 678/QD-TTg ngay 10/5/2011 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu ciing khang dinh nhat quan dudng ldi "phdt trien trg giup phdp ly dn dinh, ben viing, cung iing dich vu trg giiip phdp ly kjp thdi, ddy du, cd chat lupng cho ngudi dan thudc dipn dupe trg giup phap ly trfln ca sd phat huy vai trd ndng cdt trong to chiic thyc hien ciia Nhd nudc, huy dpng triet dfl sy tham gia cua cac ngudn lyc xa hdi, sy hd trp cua cOng ddng qudc tfl, cac co quan, td cbiie, doanh nghiep
I Ddn ch6 & Phdp lu^t
" Trung tdm Trg'giup phdp ly Nhd nu&c tinh Bac Ninh^hijtdnh phdp. ludt 86 9 (318)-2018
vd ca nhan, gdp phdn bao ve tdt nhat quyen va lpi ich hpp phap cua cdng dan khi ed vudng mac phap luat, bao ve cdng ly, cdng bdng xa hdi, tang hieu qua thue thi cdng vy vd y diitc tuan thu, chap banh phap luat, dua phap ludt vao cupe sdng". Tuy nhien, thyc tien thi hanh Luat Trg giiip phap ly nam 2006 va Chien luge phat trien trg giiip phap ly d Viet Nam cbo thay, cdng tac xa hgi hda hoat ddng trg giiip phap ly van cdn cham, viec huy dgng cac ngudn lyc con ngudi va ngudn lye tai chinh chua hieu qua. Trong khi hp thdng td chiie trp giup phap ly eiia Nha nudc cdn nhieu hgn che, sd lupng va chat lupng dieh vu trg giiip phap ly cdn Ichoang each xa so vdi yeu cdu thyc tifln.
Bao cao tdng ket thyc tien thi hdnh Luat Trp giup phap ly nam 2006 ciing nhu Dfl an ddi mdi cdng tae trg giup phap ly giai doan 2015 - 2025 eho thay, mdi clii cd mpt phan Idia nhd eac ngudn lyc xa hdi duac huy ddng cho cdng tac trp giiip phap ly^. Cac td chirc dang ky tham gia thuc hien trp giup phdp ly theo cbii truong xa hpi hda cdn it, chua cd chinh sach phii hpp de thu hut dugc eac td chicc hdnh nghe luat su, tu van phap luat cd uy tin va kinh nghiem tham gia thyc bien trg giiip phap ly, chua gin kflt dupe quyen lpi va trach nhiem cua td chiic dang ky tham gia trg giiip phdp ly vdi quyfln lpi vd ttacb nhiem eua cac ca nhan thugc nhiing td chiic dd khi thuc bien trg giiip phap ly theo phan cdng cua td chiic. Sau 09 nam thi hanh Luat Trg giup phap ly nam 2006, sd lugng luat su - cdng tac vien tham gia thyc hien trp giiip phap ly mdi chi chiflm khoang 1/10 tdng sd luat su trong ed nudc (tmh dfln thang 6/2015 la 1.239 ngudi, phan bd khdng ddng deu giiia cac dia phuong). Nhieu luat su - cdng tac vien trp giup phap ly mdi hdnh nghe, chua cd nhiflu kinh nghiem, nang lye tham gia td
tung cdn ban cbe. Kinh phi cap cbo boat ddng trg giiip phdp ly ehu yeu tir ngan sach dia phuang, khdng dong deu giiia cac dia phuang vd tchdng dn dinh trong cac nam; cac dy an bap tac quoc te, nhat la ngudn ODA hd trp eho boat ddng trp giup phap ly tir nam 2010 hdu nhu da khflng edn. Quy Trp giup phap ly Viet Nam dupe thanh lap trong nhieu nam qua nhung ngudn thu hau nhu khdng cd do Nhd nudc chua cd chinh sach buy ddng tai trp tu cac td cbiic, doanh nghiep, ea nban trong va ngodi nudc mdt each phu hpp.
Chinh vi vay, Quyet dinh sd 749/QD-TTg ngay 01/6/2015 eua Thu tudng Chinh phu phe duyet De an ddi mdi cdng tac trp gnip phap ly giai doan 2015 - 2025 da xac dinh: "Ddi mdi cdng tac trg giiip phap ly theo hudng day mgnh xa hpi hda vdi Id trinh phu hop vdi dac tbii timg viing, mien, khu vyc" vdi nhieu gidi phdp manh me, cd tinh chifln luge nham thu hut hieu qua cac td chiic hanh nghe luat su, tu van phap luat ed uy tin trong cdc linh vyc, cac ca nhan luat su, luat gia cd kinh nghiem tham gia cung cap dieh vy trp giiip phap ly, bao dam cho cac ddi tuong thudc dien dupe trp giiip phap ly dupe cung cap dich vu trp giup phap ly kip didi, chat lupng tucmg duang vdi dich vu ma luat su cung cap tten tbi trudng.
1. Vfl cac td churc tham gia try giiip phap ly Theo Luat Trp giiip phap ly nam 2017, cac td chuc thuc hien hp giiip phap ly bao gdm Tnmg tam y p giiip phap ly nha nudc va td chiic tham gia tro giup phap ly, ttong dd, cac td chirc tham gia trp giiip phap ly ehinh la lue lugng dupe huy dgng tir xa hdi dfl thyc hien ttg giiip phap ly theo 02 phuang thiic: Td chiic ky hgp ddng thuc hien trg giup phap ly va td ehiic dang ky tbam gia ttg giup phap ly- Luat Trp giup phap Iy nam 2017 cdn quy dinh hmh
Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt B l |
^ki hdith phiip. ludt 86 9 (318)-2018
thiic ky hgp ddng thyc hien ttg giiip phdp ly giiia cae td chiic tham gia ttp giup phap ly vdi Sd Tu phdp - ca quan quan ly nhd nudc ve trp giup phap ly tai dia phuang. Quy dinh vfl ky hgp dong thyc hipn ttp giiip phap ly dupe ky vpng se gdp phan khdc phyc mot sd bdt cap ttong thyc tifln thu hut ngudn lyc xa hdi. Bang co ehe ky bop ddng thyc hien ttg giiip phap ly, se ban chfl toi da hifln ttrpng cac td chiic chi dang ky tham gia nhung khdng thyc hifln ttp giiip phap ly; ddng thdi dam bdo bai hda lai ich eua cae ca nhan thdnh vien - lugt su, tu van vien phap ly vfl viee lam (thye hien vu, vipc ttp giiip phap ly) vd vfl thu nhap tir hudng thu lao theo vy, viec eu thfl vdi lpi ich cua td chiic (thu nhdp ttr viec thyc hifln diing hpp ddng, thyc bien dugc ttach nhiem xa hdi, nang cao uy tm nghfl nghiep eua td chiic). Ngoai ra, viflc ky hpp ddng thyc hifln ttp giup phap ly, ca quan quan ly nhd nude ed the huy ddng dupe cac td chiic hanh nghfl lugt su hay Trung tdm tu van phdp ludt Idn cd nang lyc va dieu kien dfl thyc hipn eac vu viflc ttp giiip phap ly Idid, phire tap. De tgo dieu kipn cbo cac td ehiic tham gia ttg giup phap iy, dac biet Id cac Trung tam tu van phap ludt chua dap iing dii dieu kifln theo Luat Trg giiip phap ly nam 2017 cd the tiep tuc cung cap dich vu ttg giup phdp ly, khodn 2 Diflu 48 quy dinh chuyen tiep cua Lugt nay cho phep eac to chuc ttong thdi ban 01 nam ke tir ngdy Ludt cd hieu lyc tbi hdnh, phai dap iing cac dieu kien theo quy dinh tren co sd kien toan td chiic, nhan sy.
2. Ve cac ca nhan tham gia trtf giup phap ly Theo quy djnh cua Luat Trp giup phap ly nam 2017, ngodi ttp giiip vien phdp ly ciia Nha nudc, ngudi thye bien ttg giiip phap ly dupe huy dpng hr xa hdi gdm cd: Luat su thye hipn ttp giup phap ly theo hpp ddng vdi Trung tam trp giup phap ly nhd
nudc; luat su thyc bifln trp giiip phap ly theo phan cdng ciia td chiic tham gia ttp giiip phap ly; hr vdn vien phdp luat ed 02 nam kinh nghipm tu vin phap ludt ttd ifln 1dm vipc tai td chiic tbam gia ttp giup phap ly; cgng tac vien ttp giup phdp ly.
Vdi ludt su, dugc thyc hien ttg giup phap ly theo 02 phuang thiic: (i) Tryc tiflp ky hop ddng thuc hien tta giiip phap ly vdi Trung tam ttp giiip phap ly vd (ii) Thye hien ttp giup phap ly theo phan cdng cua td chiic tham gia ttp giiip phap ly (bode td chiic dang ky tham gia ttp giiip phdp ly, hoac td chitc ky hgp ddng thyc hien ttp giup phdp ly vdi Sd Tu phap).
Vdi tu van vien phap luat, bp phdi ed 02 nam kinh nghiflm tu van phap luat ttd len lam vipc tai td chirc tbam gia ttp giup phdp ly. Vipc quy dinh dieu kipn nay Id can thiet nham dam bao nang cao chdt luang tu van phap lugt ttong cdc vu, viec ttg giup phdp ly.
Vdi cdng tac vien ttp giiip phdp ly, chi nhung ngudi da nghi huu cd nang lyc hdnh vi dan sy day dli, cd pham chat dgo due tdt, cd siie khde, c6 nguyen vpng thyc hipn tta giiip phdp ly va trudc khi ve huu da Id ttg giup vien phap ly; thdm phan, tham tta vien. Idem tta vifln, diflu tra vien, chdp hdnh vien, tbam tta vien thi hdnh an dan sy; chuyen vien lam edng tac phap luat tai cac ca quan nha nude, d nhiing vung cd diflu kifln kmh te - xa hpi dac biet khd khan, can eu nhu cdu ttg giiip phap ly cua ngudi ddn vd diflu kien thyc te tai dia phuang, Gidm ddc Sd Tu phap theo dfl nghi eiia Giam ddc Trung tam ttg giup phap ly nha nudc cap the cpng tae vien ttp giiip phap ly. Cgng tac vifln ttp giiip phap ly ky hgp ddng vdi Trung tam tta giup phap ly vd chi thyc hien ttp giiip phdp Iy bdng hinh thirc ttr vin phap lugt tai dia phuang. Cpng tac vifln ttg
I Ddn chO & Phdp lu$t
^fu^kdnh phiip ludt 86 9 (318)-2018
giup phap ly se bi thu hdi the edng tac vifln neu khdng thyc bipn ttg giiip phap ly ttong thdi gian 02 nam lien tue, trir hudng hop do nguyen nhdn khdch quan.
Dfl hd ttp ngudi dugc ttg giiip phap ly cd day du thong tin vd de dang tidp can, lya chpn ngudi thyc hien tta giup phdp ly, nhdt la nhung ngudi dugc huy dgng tir xa hpi, Luat Trg giup phap ly nam 2017 quy djnh ttdch nhipm cua Sd Tu phap edng bd danh sdch ngudi thyc hien ttg giup phap ly tai dia phuang, dang tdi tten Trang Thdng tin dien tii cua Sd Tu phdp va giri Bd Tu phap de tdng hpp dang tai tten Cdng Thdng tin difln tii ciia Bp Tu phap.
Day la giai phap gdp phan dam bao tinh edng khai, minh bach, cdng bang vd cgnh ttanh binh dang giua nhiing ngudi thyc hien ttg giup phap ly.
3. Ve huy d^ng nguon tai chinh t v xa hpi cho cong tac trp* giup phap ly
Luat Trp giup phdp ly nam 2017 xae dmh ngudn tai chinh cho cdng tac ttg giup phap ly bao gdm:
Ngudn ngan sach nha nudc; ddng gdp, tai ttp cua td chiie, ca nhan ttong nudc, ngoai nudc va cac ngudn hpp phap khac. Bfln canh dd, cung khuyen khich cdc td chiic, ludt su, ea nhdn khae tu nguyen thye hipn ttp giup phap ly theo nguyfln tae "kinh phi eho hogt ddng ttg giup phap ly ciia td chiic ty nguyen thyc hien do td chiic dd b; bao ddm"... Nhd nudc ghi nlian va tdn vinh cac ca quan, td chiic, ea nhan tham gia, ddng gdp cho boat dpng ttg giup phap ly dudi mpi bmh thiic, thdng qua dd, khang dinh sy ung hd va thira nhdn ciia Nha nudc vd xa hgi vfl trach nhipm xa bgi vd nhung ddng gdp cua ca quan, td ehiic, cd nhan cho sy phdt trien xa bgi, do do, uy tin nghe nghiep ciia td chirc, ca nhan dupe nang eao.
Luat Trp giiip phap ly nam 2017 ciing giao cho Bd Tu phap ttach nhiflm "tiep nhan hd ttp, ddng
gdp ciia td ehiic, cd nhdn eho cdng tac ttp giiip phap ly", ddng thai, la ca quan qudn ly nhd nudc vfl ttp giup phap ly, giup Chinh phu thye bien edng tac khen thudng ttong ITnh vyc ttp giup phdp ly, ttong dd cd viee vinh danh eac ca quan, td chiic, ea nhan tham gia, ddng gdp cho cdng tdc ttg giup phdp ly.
Bp Tu phap cung tryc tiep thyc hifln cdng tac hgp tae qude te ve ttp giiip phdp ly, thdng qua dd tim kiem cac ehuang trinh, dy an hd ttp ky thuat vd tai ehinh cho hogt ddng ttp giiip phap ly, ke ca viee Idng ghep hd ttp tdi chinh eho ttg giiip phap ly ttong cac chuong trinh, dy an xoa ddi giam ngheo ben vung tai Viet Nam.
Cd the ndi, ttp giup phap ly la mpt chinh sdch Idn, cd tinh nhan van sau sac ciia Dang va Nha nudc ta, gdp phan bao ve quyen vd lgi ich hpp phdp eiia ngudi dupe ttp giup phdp ly (dac biet la nbiing ngudi ngheo, ngudi yeu the ttong xa hpi), gdp phan vdo vipc nang cao nhan thiic vfl phdp ludt cho ngudi dan, tir dd cd nhung hanh vi iing xu diing phdp ludt.
Ddi ttrpng dugc budng ttg giiip phap ly mien phi thudng la ngudi ngheo, ngudi ed cdng vdi each mang va nhung ngudi yeu thfl ttong xa hdi nhu:
Ngudi gid cd dan, ngudi tan tat, tte em, ngudi dan tpc thiflu sd. Vdi nhieu hinb thiic ttg giup phap ly nhu: Tu van phap luat, tham gia td tung, dai dien ngodi td tung vd cac hinh thiic ttp giup khae, ngdy cang cd nhiflu ngudi ngheo, ngudi cd cdng vdi each mang, ngudi gia cd dan, ngudi tdn tdt vd tte em, ngudi ddn tdc thieu sd d viing ed dieu kifln kinh te - xa hdi dgc biet khd khan... dupe thy hudng quyfln tiflp can cac dich vu phap ly.
Xa hdi hda boat ddng ttg giiip phap ly la mot chil truang Idn cua Dang da dugc neu ttong Nghi quyflt sd 49-NQ/TW ngay 24/5/2005 ciia Bg Chinh tri ve Chifln lupc cai each tu phap den nam
Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt m
<7hi hdnh phdfi ladl 86 9(318)-2018
2020 nh§m thu Mt cac nguon l\rc xa hgi, sir tham xa hoi; mat khac, se gop ph4n lam giam ganh nang gia cua to chiic, ca nhan chia se trach nhiem voi cho Nha nuoc v6 bien ch^, ngan sach va cac chi phi Nha nuoc trong cong tac tro giup phap ly, tang hanh chinh Ichac •
them CO hpi, Icha nang tiep can dich vu trg giiip
phap ly cua ngucri dan, giam hot ganh nang cong ; £ , 4 ,M„g f/201S tren todn quoc co 56/203 Cong vice len cac co quan nha nuctc. Boi vay, nen khuySn ly luji, 226/806 Van phong ludt su, 82/124 Tmng tam tu Ichich cac to chiic luat su tham gia tu nguy?n ho trg vdn phdp ludt ddng ky tham gia trg giup phdp ly, nhung phap ly cho nguoi dan, nhat la nguoi dan o vung thuc te chi co mot phdn rdt nho, hdu nhit khong ddng ki sau, viing xa, viing dan tgc thiSu s6. DiSu nay mpt cac to chitc ndy co nhan viec vd thifc Men trg giup phdp mat tan dyng dupe tri tue, trinh dp, ngu6n luc trong 'J* >"« t" each to chicc.
Qiiyenhtfaing an Sinh xa hdi...
(Uep theo trang 23) 1 Patiicia Justino (2005), 'Beyond HEPR: A Framework for an intergrated national system of social security in Viemam", UNDP Vietnam policy dialogue paper 2005/1, HdNgi, tr 13.2. Xem Diiu 59 Hien phdp ndm 2013.
3. Bg Y ti, "Bdo cdo kit qud nghiin ciru khd ndng tkifc hien bdo hiim te todn ddn ", Hd Ngi.
4. Duyen Duyen, "66,8% ddn so Viit Nam tham gia bdo hiemyti", http://baodatviet.vn/doi'Song/668-dan-so- viet-nam-tham-gia-bao-hiem-y-te-2348392 (tmy cdp ngdy 22/9/2017).
5. Anh Chi, "Khodng 77% dan so tham gia bdo hiemy te", http://www.nhandan.com vn/xahoi/bbxh-va-cuoc- song/item/28557902-khoang-77-dan-so-tham-gia~bao-hiem-y-te.html (truy cap ngdy 22/9/2017).
6. Bg Lao dgng - Thuang binh vd Xd hgi vd Uy ban Cdc vdn de xd hgi cua Quoc hgi (2015), "Bdo cdo tong quan cdc kit qud nghien ciru vi gidm ngheo a Viit Nam ", Hd Ngi, tr. 19.
7. Trang Thong tin diin tu cua Bg Lao dgng - Thuang binh vd Xd hoi "Cd nuoc van con han 2,3 ti-i^u hQ ngheo", http://www.molisa.gov.vn/vi/Pages/chitiettin.aspx?lDNews=24957 (truy cap ngdy 18/9/2017).
8. Nguyen Trgng Ddm. "Thuc trgng thuc hien chinh sdch trg giup xd hgi vd gidi phdp doi mdi giai dogn t&i", http://www.molisa.gov.vn/vi/Pages/chitiettin.aspx?IDNews=24255 (truy cap ngdy 18/9/2017).
9. Do Quang Hdi vd Phgm Thf Thi (2016), "Mpt so vdn de ve viec hinh thdnh, sir dung vd phdt triin quy bdo hiim xd hgi theo Lugt Bdo hiem xd hgi nam 2014", Tgp chi Nhd nuac vd Phdp ludt, sd 6(338), tr. 64-69.
10. ThdoMiin, "Tham gia bdo hiim xd hgi tu nguyen - Vi sao ngudi ddn chua mgn md", httpV/thoibaotaich- inhvietnam.vn/pages/tien-te-bao-hiem/2017-04-05/tham-gia-bhxh-tu-nguyen-vi-saO'nguoi-dan-chua-man-ma- 42187.aspx (tiny cap ngdy 30/9/2017).
11. Bdo cdo so 833/BC-BHXH, ngdy 14/3/2014 cita Bdo hiim xd hgi Viet Nam.
12. Bdo Nhdn ddn dien tu, "Ngdn chgn hdnh vi QiJic lgi chinh sdch uu ddi ngudi co cong", http://www.nhan- dan.com.vn/cuoituan/item/32753802-ngan-chan-truc-loi-chinh-sach-voi-nguoi-co-cong.html (truy cap ngdy 18/9/2017).
13. Xem Diiu 187, Du thdo (lan thir nhdt) Ludt sita doi, bo sung mgt so diiu cua Bg lugt Lao dong, hltp://www.molisa.gov.vn/vi/Pages/DanhSachGopYDuThaoVanBan.aspx?iDuThao=889.
14. Xem Dieu 126 Bg ludt Hinh su ndm 2015 (sua doi, bo sung ndm 2017).
