Thyc trang cac mo hinh PPP trong quan ly dip an xay dyng
Ngay nhan bai: 4/8/2014 Ngay su^ bai: 12/8/2014 Ngay chap nhan dang: 25/8/2014
Le Anh Dung
TOM TAT:
M6 hinh PPP (PubHc - Private Partner) la hop tac cong - tU, trong do Nha midc cho phep ty nhan cung tham gia dau tii vao cac dich vu hoac cdng trinh cong cdng. Day la m o hinh mdi ddpc dUa vao ling dung tai Viet Nam va bycic dau da co nhiiing ket qua kha quan. Viec tham gia cua khu vifc tU nhan se giiip giam ganh nang cho ngan sach quoc gia trong viec phat trien dich vu hoac cong trinh cong cong. Muc tieu bai viet nay se dda ra thUc trang cac m o hinh PPP trong linh vUc quan ly cac dif an xay dUng tai Viet Nam.
ABSTRACT
PPP {Pubhc - Private partner) is a new investment model m Vietnam.
In this model the government accepts participation of private partner in public mvestment projects. This model has introducedto Vietnam some years recently but it has been making some good results.
The participation of private partner will minimize liability for national budget in public investment projects. This article will show actual situation of PPP model in management of construction projects in Vietnam.
Le Anh Dung
TnitJng dai hoc Kien triic Ha Noi
1 . Tong quan ve PPP T. 1. Khai niem ve PPP
Md hinh hop tac cong - tU (PPP) la md hinh hop tac ma trong 86 khu vUc cdng va khu vUe t u nhan ciJng tham gia vao viec dau tUxay dUng cong trinh hoac cung cap cac dich vu cdng cdng.VdimdhinhPPP, Nha nude se thiet lap eac tieu chuan ve cung cap dich vu va tU nhan dUoc khuyen khich eung cap bang co che thanh toan theo chat luong djch vu. Day la hinh thyc hop tac tdi Uu hda hieu qua dau tUva eung cap djch vu cong cdng chat luong eao, nd se mang lai loi ich cho ca nha nUde va ngudi dan.
Ndi each khac, PPP la quan he hop ddng dai han giUa nha nudc va tU nhan ve thiet ke, xay dung, tai tro va/hoae van hanh ha tang edng edng do ddi tae t u nhan dam nhiem vdi cac phan chi tra dUoc thuc hien trong sudt thdi gian hieu lUc cua hop ddng thdng qua phi dich v u do ngudi sis dung chi tra cho ben tU nhan de sis dung dich vu ha tang. Ndi torn lai, muc tieu chi'nh cua md hinh PPP la de nha nUdc chuyen giao eac rui ro cd lien quan den d u an cho ben ddi tac t u nhan vdn dUoc coi la cd kh^ nang tdt hon trong quan l y e a c r i j i r o n h u v a y .
1.2. Cdc hinh thUc thUc hien mo hinh PPP Cac mo hinh PPP phan bo trach nhiem va rui ro gida cac ddi tac nha nUde va tU nhan theo nhu'ng each khac nhau tuy theo tinh chat cua d u an, co cau hop ddng/thda thuan dUoc sir dung cho cac dU an Cd 5 hinh thCic hop tac cong t u phd bien tren the gidi hien nay, do la:
1. Nhuong quyen khai thae (Franchise);
la hinh thdc theo d d co sd ha tang dUoc Nha nudc xay dyng va sd hiTu nhung giao (thudng la thdng qua dau gia) cho tU nhan van hanh va khai thae.
2. IVld hinh Thiet ke - Xay dUng - Tai t r d - Van hanh (DBFO Design - Build - Finance - Operate): khu vUc tU nhan se ddng ra xay dUng, tai t r o va van hanh cdng trinh nhUng van thude
sdhCu Nha nudc
3. Xay dung - V a n hanh - Chuyen giao (BOT:
Build-Operate-Transfer), la mdt m d h i n h ddd cdng tythUc hien d u an se diing r a x a y d U n g v i van hanh edng trinh trong mpt thdi gian nh3t d m h sau do chuyen giao toan bd cho Nha nUdc.
(Wdhinh nay kha phd bien d Viet Nam.
4. Xay d y n g - Chuyen giao - Van hanh (BTO:
Build - Transfer - Operate): la m d hinh ed chiit khac biet so vdi m d hinh BOT, quyen sd hdu CO sd ha tang dugc chuyen giao ngay cho Nha nude sau khi xay dung xong, nhung cdng ty thye hien d y an van giU quyen khai thae cdng trinh.
5. Xay d y n g - S6 hUu - Van hanh (BOO - Build - O w n - Operate): cdng t y thUc hien dUan se diJng ra xay d y n g cdng trinh, sd hdu va van hanh dU an. M d hinh BOO rat phd bien ddi vdi cac nha may dien ca d Viet Nam va trSn the gift,
1.3. BdcSiem cua md hinh PPP - Dam bao nghla v u va quyen ldi hai hda gida cac ben tham gia
- Cd su tham gia quan !y cua Nha Nudc - Co che tai chinh cua d y an PPP: KhS thi ve mat tai chinh, khdng lam tang no edng
- Khong phai la t u nhan hda, Nha nUde van nam quyen sd hflu, quan ]</
1.4. Cdc trudng hop dp dung mo hinh PPP - PPP la hpp d d n g dupe ky ket giCa cO quan Nha nude cd t h a m quyen vdi nha dtiu t u t u nhan nham xay dUng cdng trinh, cung cap dich vu vdi mdt sd tieu chf rieng. Bat k j d i t an nao phu hpp d j n h nghia tren deu dUOc phep trien khai neu thudc dien Uu tien cao trong mdt linh vUc.
- Co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen se lap danh myc d u an Uu t\in dau t u PPP hang nam va tien hanh dau thau canh tranh de lUa chon nha dau t u t r o n g nudc, nudc ngoai cd dO nang lUe, kinh n g h i e m nhat.
66|SiinfiPSii 09.2014
Being 1. BSng phan tich ap dung md hinh dau tUduan Di/an/ tinh vUc co tinh
hi^u quS ve mat thtiimg mai khdnq?
Cd. Ngay ck khi khdng cd sy hd tro eua Chinh Phu Cd th^, neu cd sy tham gia cCia Chinh Phu Khdng, khd cd the dat dupe hieu qua thUdng mai
PhUdng phap tiep can/quSniy
Khu vyc tu nhan Flop tac cdng - tU (PPP) Khu vyc cdng cdng
Vidu dien hinh
Nang lUpng, vien thdng xay dung dUdng cao tdc tren tuyen cd mat do giao thdng Idn
Oudng giao thong ndng thdn, cung cap nude sach cho cac khu vUc miin nui 1.5. Quy trinh thuc hien dUdn PPP
X6t mot e^ch tdng quat. Quy trinh thyc hif n cfia mdt dy an PPP se gdm eac bUde sau:
SO BO Chinh sach
Tbkdii Phap ly XAC DINH DV' AN
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1.6. Su khde biet cua md hinh du dn PPP vdi cdc md hinh dudn thong thU&ng
- Du an PPP khac cic dy an xay dyng thdng thudng ve mat phat trien dy an, thye hifin va quSn 1^, cae quy trinh h^nh chinh va phe duyet.
-Viec phan bd rui ro giCra cac ddi tac la trung tam cua bat ky hop ddng PPP nao va mCre do phiJc tap cao hon eac dy an thdng thudng. Ca hai dfii tac deu phai hi^u rd cac rui ro khi tham gia va ddng y sU phan bo rui ro trong hop ddng.
- Hop ddng PPP thudng cd tudi ddi lau hdn so vdi hop dong xay dung thdng thucmg. Qu^n ly mdi quan he giCTa cac cdng ty tu nhan va ca quan thye hien trong thdi gian hop dong la rat quan trong cho sy th&nh cdng cCia mdt dy an PPP.
- eilm khac biet Idn nhat giCfa PPP vdi c^c hinh thdc dSu tu khac la sU ra ddi cua td edng tac lien ng^nh, gdm 26 thanh vien den td cac bd cd lien quan nhU: K^ hoach vk Oau tU, Cdng Thuong, Tu phap, Tai ehinh, Giao thdng Van tk\, xay dung va Ngan hang Nha nude..., UBND cac tinh, th^nh phd lien quan. IWpt ed quan chuydn treich d^ giSi quy^t cac v^n d^ phat sinh cCia PPP cd the hd trd c^c nha dau tu theo cO ch^ mot
Quy trinh eu the dUOc tnen khai chi tiet nhU sau:
cda, ed the tao thanh cd ehe mdi, thuc day dau tu PPP phat tn4n.
2. l/u diem v^ nhuoc diem cOa mo hinh PPP 2.1, ifu diem
- Cd eac ngudn lUe bd sung de dap Ofng nhu cau ngay eang tang ciia viec dau tU vao ca sd ha tang.
- Sd dung duoc nhCrng ky nang, cdng nghe hien dai va tinh hieu qua cua khu vUe tU nhan.
Cd CO hdi tiep can va nam blit c^c cdng nghe ti&n tien (ck phan edng va ph^n mem).
• Md hinh PPP giiip dUa ra nhomg lya chon
Quylt djnh tham gia vao PPP Xae dinh c^c dii an im tien
PhSn tich lloh virc va 16 trinh oia Itoh virc
Xae dJQh nhom c6 vln trong v^ ngoai di^ an
Lua choQ, giao nhiem v\i cho nhdm tu van giao
Chuan \A, nghien ohi kha thi PPP Luat phap/ quy dinh dieu tiet
Ky thuat Thechl Thuong mai/ Tai diinh/Kinh ti
Quy trinh diu thau
Cong bd/ Thong bao
So tuyen PPP
Chuan bi goi thiu C i c dilu khoan tham diilu
Du thao hpp d6ng Cac yeu cau dy thau
Tien hanb diu thau
Danh gia thau va trao hop dong
Dam phan va ky h^p dong
O9.2O140Sli1K[|Sl!|6
tdt hon ve thiet ke, cdng nghe, xay dUng, sU van hanh vk chat luong cung ckp dich vu ha tang.
- Budc khu vUc cdng cdng ngay t d dau phai chu trong dau ra va Ipi ich ( t h a y vi cac yeu t d dau vao).
- OUa vdn t u nhan vao va giup giam nhe ganh nang ve tai chinh cho d y an. RiJi ro dupe chia s^ giCia nhCrng ddi tac khac nhau. Ap dung m d hinh PPP cd the khdng yeu cau bat ky ehi tieu tien mat ngay lap tdc qua dd giup lam giam ganh nang eua chi phi thiet ke va xay dUng.
Trong md hinh sang kien tai chinh t u nhan ( PFI), khu uUc edng chi thanh toan khi dich vu da dupe cung cap.
- Nhdng nha cung cap tU nhan cd trach nhi&m hon trong viec cung cap dich vu trong mdi trudng khuyen khich thich hop.
- Cdng tac quy hoach va phat tnen duoe trien khai diing dan cho phep sang Ipc. lya chpn tdt hon cac ddi tac, va hd try trong viec ra quyet djnh ve CO cau cua d u an, ciing nhu dua ra lua chon thich hap ve cdng nghe tren cP sd xem xet chi phi trong toan bd vdng ddi cua d y an
2.2. Nhuac diem
- PPP ngu y viec khu vUc cdng cdng mat quyen kiem soat qu^n ly va vi vay khd ed the chap nhan tren gdc dp ehinh t n .
- Khdng phki tat ea cac d y an PPP deu ed tinh kha thi do cac nguyen nhan ve chinh tri, phap iy. hay tinh kha thi thuong mai.
- Lieu khu vyc cdng cd dii nang luc va ky nang de ap dyng phUPng phap PPP va thiet lap mdi trudng phap ly de khuyen khich thich dang khdng? Lieu khu vUc tU nhan ed du nang lUC chuyen mdn de dSm bao thue hien PPP khdng?
- Khu vUc t u nhan ed the khdng quan tam den mpt dU an PPP do dd nil ro cao xuat phat t u nang luc nhan thdc ciia cac ben tham gia ve mdt d u an PPP hoac cd the la sU han che ve mat ky thuat, nang lUc tai chinh, trinh do quan ly thyc hien d u an.
- Ngoai ra. thieu ngan sach ciia chinh phii dupe xem la yeu t d chinh trong viec xem xet mpt d y an PPP. Mdt dU kn PPP ed the tdn kem ve thdi gian va chi phi hon mdt d u an thdng thudng. Cac khoan chi phitang them trong mdt dUan PPP thudng l a e h i p h i v a y v d n d d i v d i k h u vyc t u nhan cao hpn so vdi khu vUc cdng cdng, va eae chi phi hanh ehinh lien quan den viec quan ly hpp ddng PPP. Chi phi giao dich ciia cac d u an PPP cung rat dang ke.
-Thdng thudng, sUthanh cdng cua mdt d y an PPP phu thudc rat nhieu vao hieu qua eua cdng tac quan ly va phdi hop gida cac ben hen quan trong hop dong PPP
3. ThUc trang Ap dung cic mo hinh PPP tren the gidi va Viet Nam
3.1. Tren the gid)'
Hinh thdc dau t u cdng - t u (PPP) tuy mdi m ^ d d i vdi Viet Nam nhung da dUPe nhieu nddc tren the gidi ap dung t d hon 50 nam nay. Kinh nghiem the gidi cho thay, n h d ap dung hinh
thdc PPP ma nhieu van Se bisc xuc ciia nhieu d d t h i I d n d a d u p c g i a i quyet nhUtinh trang Cm tac giao thdng, cung cap nude, tao viee lam cho ngUdi lao ddng...Md hinh hay hinh thUc PPP ket hpp duoc nhiem vu cua dich vu cdng vdi hieu qua cua mdt hay nhieu doanh nghiep tU nhan cho phep cac chinh quyen dia phUong nhanh chong dat dupc nhdng tieu chuan qudc te tdt nhat trong cae dich vu cdng. tao thuan loi eho chuyen giao edng nghe tien tien, hien dai.
Md hinh PPP da dUdc ap dung trong vi^c xay dung cac kenh dao d Phap vao the ky XVIII. e^e cay cau d London vao the ky XIX hay cay cau Brooklyn ndi tieng d New York ciing vao the k;J XIX Tuy nhien, md hinh nay ehi thuc sU bat dau phd bi^n tren the gidi tU dau thap men 1980 va nd da ddng mpt vai tro nhat dinh trong viec p h a t t r i e n c o s d h a tang dcac nude phat trien.
Anh Quoc
Vuong qudc Anh la mdt trong nhdng qudc gia dau tien xay dUng va trien khai thanh cong d u an PPP. Ngay tir nhdng nam 60 eua the ky XX Vuong qudc Anh da ed nhdng bUde di ban dau cho vi^c hinh thanh cd che PPP cho cac dU an cung c a p d j c h v u cdng vatCr thap nien s o d a ap dung rdng rai. Theo do, bat dau t d nhu eau c^i each va hien dai hda dich vu cong, ddng thdi cki thien hieu qua mua s3m cac dich vu cong cung n h u tang kha nang canh tranh trong Imh vUe nay. Ben canh do, d y an PPP giiip triet tieu chCi nghia "an xdi" trong ca hai khu vUc cdng va tU khi trien khai d u a n , c^i thien tinh minh bach ve chi phi cua dich vu cdng. Nude Anh da ap dung hinh thdc PPP tren 50 nam nay va thu dUdc thanh cdng I d n . T u d u y c u a n g u d i Anh la nhdng gi ma t u nhan khdng lam duoc, hoac khdng the tham gia thi Nha nUdc mdi lam, mdi quan ly.Cu the, nhu chu'c nang quan ly hanh chinh dUoc coi la mdt chdc nang khong the se chia cho t u nhan Vi vay d Anh, Nha nudc khuyen khich t u nhan tham gia dau tU vao hau het cac linh vUc va khoan gpn cho ho dau tU toan bd eo sd vat chat, sau dd Nha nUdc thue lai cdng trinh dd.Nha nudc chi thue sil dung cdn quan ly co sd vat chat van la t u nhan.
PPP tai Vuong quoc Anh dUpe hieu theo nghia rat don gian va hieu qua nhU sau- Khu vUc edng chi tra tien neu nhdng yeu cau dich vu duoc cung cap, tra theo tdng nam. Cung theo Bd Ngan khd VucJng qudc Anh, PPP chiem 1 1 % trong tdng dau tU cdng d Anh; mdi trudng va giao thdng van tai la 2 linh vuc kp dung PPP nhieu nhat tai Vuong qudc Anh hien nay Oen nay tai Anh da cd 667 hop dong PPP da dUPc ky ket vdi gia tri vdn 56,61>/ bang Anh va 590 dU kn dang thuc hien.Tai Anh co co ehe tai cap vdn cho cac d y an PPP Theo dd, c o q u a n nay cd the xem xet de dam bao tai chinh cho mdt d y an hoac nen t^ng cau true tai chinh vdi gia tri tdi thieu la 20 trieu bang Anh. Xuat phat t d thUe te, cac ngan hang thudng khdng uu dai cho cac dU an cd Ihdi gian trien khai tren 5 nam, trong khi
cac d u an PPP t h u d n g cd t h d i gian tnen khai t^i thieu t d 15 - 20 nam. Do d d , Vuong qudc Anh da thiet lap lien minh cac ngan hang d^ ciJu van t i n h hinh, t h u hdt nhieu ng^n hang tham gia cac d u an dai hoi. Day chinh la nhuTig kinh nghiem mk Viet Nam can tham khao khi bSt dau trien khai cac d y a n PPP
Nhat B i n
Khdng mdt chinh p h i i nao cd the kham noi toan bd viec dau tU cho he t h d n g cP sd ha tang, nhUng eung khdng nha d^u t U t U nhkn nho c6 the lam dupe viec nay vi day la linh vUe cd hl^u qua kinh te t h a p va nhieu rfli ro. Theo Giao su Fukunari Kimura cda trudng Dai hoe Tdng hop Keio {Nhat Ban) ndi day la ly do khien cho mo hinh PPP ra ddi, trong bdi canh chau A phit tnen nhanh va nhu cau ve dich vu cdng edng c u n g n h u c o s d h a tang rat Idn. Nhat Ban la mdt trong nhdng qudc gia da phat trien manh nh3t md hinh nay d chau A. Theo kmh nghiem cOa nudc nay, cd it nhat hai linh vye ma mo hinh PPP cd the phat huy hieu qua, d d la cae diTan khdng the hoac khd ap dung phUPng phap c6 phan hda va cac dU an ma nha nudc khdng t h i tham gia tryc tiep. Cu the nhUeacdUan vesSn xuat va phan phdi dien. d u d n g cao tdc, giao thdng d d t h i , dich vu eang, cap nude va eae dich vu cdng cdng. Hieu qua ma md hinh nay dem 1^1 la giam ehi phi, giam nil ro va tao ra dUdc m6t mdi trudng canh tranh eao.
Trung Quoc
Dy an cap nUdc sach d TP. ThUpng Hi\
(Trung Qudc) la m d t hinh mau ma Viet Nam cd the tham khao. Nam 2002 chinh quyen Thupng Hai da ky ket vdi Tap doan VE cua Phip hop ddng quan ly dich vu cap nUdc sach trong thdi han 50 nam. Td do hinh thanh mdt doanh nghiep lien doanh Phap - Trung Qudc vdi ty 16 vdn gdp 50/50. Theo dd, VE cung cap toan bo dich vu san xuat, phan phdi nude sach, quan \j va cham sdc khach hang, t h i ^ t k^ va dau tU...
Han Quoc
Cung theo hinh thijrc PPP, ThCi dd Seoul (Han Qudc) da xay d y n g tuyen xe dien ngam so 9. Hien nay, moi ngay phuc vy 256.000 IU<Jt khach, d u bao den nam 2013 se thu hiit 760.000 lucrt khaeh/ngay. Gan 1.000 ngUdi Han Qufic da dupe dao tao de van hanh, khai thae va lam dich vu cham sdc khach hkng.
Singapore
Duac biet, gan day, ngay 29-9-2010, Singapore da khdi cdng xay dUng Trung tam t h i thao Singapore theo m d hinh PPP. Cdng trinh nay se hoan thanh vko nam 2014 cd tdng vdn dau t u gan 1 t y USD. Nha thau triing thau di/Sn la Tap doan Singapore Sports Hub (SSHC), trong d d ddng dau la Cdng t y Draggeages Singapore.
Day dUPe danh gia la d y an PPP Idn nhat the gidi, t i n h den t h d i d i ^ m nay.
C^c nirdc dang phat trien Ithac d eac nudc dang phat tnen, m d hinh PPP bat dau phd bien t d dau t h a p ni^n 1990, nh3t la
68|B«n>Knai 09.2014
d khu vyc M y Latinh. Theo sd lifiu t h d n g ke ciia Ngan hang The gidi, t r o n g 20 nam (1990-2009).
da ed4.569 d u a n dupc thUe hien t h e o phuong thdc PPP d cae nudc dang phat trien vdi t d n g vdn cam ket dau t U 1.515 t i d d la My. Con sd nay b a o g d m c a v i e c t U n h a n hda cac doanh nghiep nha nUdc.Tdng mUc dau t u neu tren chi tUong dUPng vdi 1 % GDP cda cac nUdc dang phat trien trong hai t h a p ky qua. Vdi mdc dau tU cho ed sd ha tang vao khoang 5-6% GDP thi dau t u theo phUPng thdc PPP ehi ehiem khoang 20%
Day la m d t con so kha khiem t d n . Xet ve v u n g lanh t h d , m d hinh PPP p h d bien nhat 6 cac nUdc M y Latinh trong 20 nam q u a . d thdi ky dinh diem, k h u vUc nay ehiem den 80%
lUOng vdn cam ket.Hien nay, ckc nudc nay v i n dang d i n dau t h e gidi.Ddi vdi khu vUc D d n g A va Thai Binh DUPng, m d hinh nay khdng cd nhieu t i ^ n trien.Xet ve co cau dau tU theo linh vUe, nang lUOng va vien t h d n g la hai nganh ed t y trong cao nhat. Ty phan cCia n g i n h giao t h d n g van tai cd xu h u d n g tang trong thdi gian gan day, nhUng van t h a p hon kha nhieu so vdi hai nganh tren.Loai t r d phan t u nhan hda, ccic d y an d3u t u t h e o p h u o n g thdc xay d u n g sd hCfu van hanh (BOO) chi^m h o n m d t nda, phan cdn lai la cac d y an xay dUng - kinh doanh - chuyen giao (BOT) .CJ eac nudc dang phat t n ^ n , m d hinh n h u p n g quyen hay thue van hanh chUa p h d bien, chu yeu d o han che cua cac co sd phap 1^ va khti nang ehe tai ciia cac eo quan nha nddc.
3.2. Tai Viet Nam
a Viet Nam, t h e o t h d n g kg cua Ngan hang The gidi, t r o n g giai doan 1994-2009 da cd 32 dU an duoc thuc hien t h e o m d hinh PPP vdi t d n g mdc von cam ket k h o i i n g 6.7 t i d d la. CCing gidng nhU cac nUdc khac, m d hinh BOT va BOO ehiem t ^ phan chu yeu. Hai linh vUc ehiem ty p h i n Idn nhat la dien va vien t h d n g . Ngoai ra, cd t h e ke d e n n h i l u dU an h o p tac edng - tU khac da va dang duac trien khai tCf t h a p men 1990 den nay nhU: BOT cau Cd May, BOT cau Phu My, di6n PhO My, va rat nhieu nha may dien n h d vk visa khac dang d u o c thdc hi&n theo p h u o n g thdc BOO.Vi m d hinh BOX t d n g cdng cd 26 dU an vdi t d n g mdc dau t u la 128 ngan t^ ddng.
Rieng nam 2010, t h e o t h d n g ke cua cue dau tU nudc ngoSi, t d n g so d y S n cap mdi dupe dau t u true t i e p t d nudc ngoai la 969 d u an, trong d d theo m d hinh d i u t u BOT BT BTO cd 6 d y an ehiem 1 % tren t d n g sd d u an cap mdi. NhUng s6 luong d u kn cap m d i ehiem 55% so vdi sd d u kn dau t u t h e o hinh thdc BOT,BTO,BT la 11 d y an, ehiem % cao nhat t r o n g sd t a t ca cac hinh thiJc dau t u , so vdi nam 2009 k h d n g cd d y an mdi nao d a u t u t h e o hinh thifc BOT.BTBTO d d la m d t su khdi sac tdt.
Ve hinh t h d c 100% von nudc ngoai chi ehiem 8% t r e n t o n g sd d y an, sd d y an cap mdi chl cd 799 d u an t r o n g khi t d n g sd d u an dang ky la 9.599 ( t i n h h^t n g i y 21/12/2010), edn ve
THU H U T D A U T U TRl/C TI^P T U N U O C NGOAl NAM 2010THEO HiNHTHCfC
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Nguon: Cue dau tUnUdc ngoai hinh thdc lien doanh chi ehiem 7% tren tong sd d y an cap mdi dang ky, hinh thdc cd phan va hdp d d n g hpp tac vdn dau tU ehiem \in lUot la 4 % va 1 % tren t o n g sd dU an cap mdi. Ta thay rang hinh thdc dau t u theo hpp d o n g BOX BT, BTO dang phat trien theo chieu hUdng tich cUc.
Vay dudi sy giam sat va hd t r y cua nha nUde.
hinh thdc dau t u theo m d hinh PPP da b i t dau cd sy tien trien so vdi cac hinh thdc dau tU khae.
D a c b i e t l a s a u khi Quyet d m h 71/2010/QD-TTg ve viee ban hanh Quy che Thi d i e m dau tU theo hinh thdc PPP dupe ban hanh va chinh thdc cd hieu luc t d n g a y l 5 / ] / 2 0 1 1 Dieu nay da t h u hut sy chii y cua gidi dau tU trong va ngoai nUdc dang d d n vao m o hinh hop tac nha nudc va t u nhan (PPP).
Ben eanh do, Quy Phat trien d y an vdi gia t n 20 trieu USD vay t d Ngan hang Phat tnen chau A (ADB) va 8 trieu USD vay tU Co quan phat trien Phap (AFD) t h a n g 4/2013 da dUoc thanh lap nham nghien cdu, phan tich t i n h hinh thuc tien d Viet Nam va cac bien phap cai thien mdi trudng, t i m ra nhQng trong diem dau tU, cac d y a n PPP dViet Nam ed t i n h kha t h i de tien hanh t h u hut dau t u vdi sU hd t r y cua ADB va AFD. DU kien Quy se hd t r d cho eac nghien cdu
kha thi cua 16 dU an trong 7 nam van hanh dau tien. cac Imh vuc dupe Uu tien g d m : giao t h d n g dudng bd, dudng s i t do t h i , san bay, eang bien va c l n g sdng, cap nUdc, nha may phat dien, benh vien vk x d \</ xae thai.
4 . Ket l u a n
M d hinh quan ly d y a n Cdng tU hop doanh ( Privite- Public Partnership-PPP) da xuat hiSn t d nhieu nam , dUdc trien khai thUc hien d nhieu qudc gia va da t h u duoc rat nhieu ket qua thanh cdng ben canh khdng it van de bat cap chua h i f u qua tai m d t so nUde.CJViet Nam, M d hinh PPP van dang trong giai doan rat mdi me va dupe xae djnh la hUdng di dung dSn trong giai doan nay. Tuy nhien viec ap d u n g co che PPP trong thdi gian tdi khdng the tranh khdi nhieu khd khan, vudng m i c : dieu nay cung gidng n h u viec khi gia nhap WTO, nude ta p h l i sda, bd sung luat phap cho p h u hpp vdi he t h d n g qudc te.
Thyc te cho thay, viec cac luat thieu t h d n g nhat, thieu cac van ban hudng dan thuc hien thda dang la nhdng yeu t d gdp phan lam cac d y an PPP that bai Phai dac biet quan tam den cac quy dinh ve trach nhiem tai chinh ddi vdi cac hd tro tai chinh cua Chinh phd, cd che lai suat, cung n h u quy dinh rd co quan nha nUdc chju trach nhiem thuc hien eae dU an PPP Ngoai ra, van de mang tinh quyet d m h doi vdi vi&c huy d d n g cac nha dau tU thUC hien m d hinh PPP chinh la cP hdi tim kiem IPI nhuan t d ckc dU an PPP. Vl vay, can dua ra bien phap cai thien de n h I m tao n#n sdc hut ddi vdi cac nha dau t u trong va ngoai nUde, tan dung t d t ngudn vdn t d cac nha dau t u nUdc ngoai cung nhU trong nude mdt each hieu qua va cd lOi cho hai ben t h a m gia.
T M LIEU THAM KHAO
I.Tieu luar "M6 hinh quan lydu an cong tu hup doanh".
Doan Thi Linh Chi
2 Phan tich cat mo hinh quan ly, Dinh Tuan Hai, t r u i m g dai hoc Kien InJc Ha NOI.
3 Public-Private Partnership in Infrastructure Development - Case Studies from Asia and Europe.
4. IPCC (2007), The Physical Science Basis, Cambridge Uniuersity Press;
5. Harold Kerzner Quan ly di^ an: mot phuong phap co he thong de lap ke hoach, tien do va bien phap kiem soat Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995,
6. l o h n R Adams and Stephen E. Brandt. Nhiing hinh thilc i h g •iis trong cac giai doan cua dU an. Project Management Handbook,NewYork.VanNo5trand Reinhold, 1983.
7. Donal S. Bane and Boyd C. Paulson. Quan Ly Xay Dung Chuyen Nghiep: Quan ty Xay DUng, Thiet Ke - Thi Cong va flieu Kien Hup Song. McGraw-Hill International Edition, 1992.
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