Nganh 6 to Viet Nam: Thyc trang hoat dong va nhOng bien phap bao ho
TS. NGUYEN H<!)NG NHUNG"
1. Thuc trang hoat dpng
Cd ihl ndi, ngdnh cdng nghiep d id Vi?l Nam cd mdt lich sii phdt trien khd ddi, duge bdt ddu bdng su ra ddi eua bai chide xe dau tien Idp rdp d trong nude xuat bien vao ngdy 2/9/1960 trong cudc didu hdnh trdn Qudng trudng Ba Dinh, Ha Ndi. Sau do, nhd sy giiip dd cua Lidn Xd cu, Viet Nam xay dyng dugc mdt nhd mdy sdn xudt ddng eo D50, khdnh thanh vdo ndm 1975. Thi nhung, ed nhd mdy ddng ca ndy vd nhiing nha may co khi sdn xudt phy timg vd siia chua d td khdc ciia Viet Nam dd khdng the bogt ddng dugc do thieu vdn, trang thiet bi Igc hgu khdng cd dieu kien nang cap, trinh dp cdng nghe vd tay nghe ciia cdng nhdn cung ban che.
Tinh hinh dugc khdi sdc ban khi Vi^t Nam ban hdnh Ludt Ddu tu nude ngodi ndm 1987 vd tdng cudng hpi nhdp khu vyc vd quoc te tir diu thgp ky 1990. Nhieu nhd dau lu nude ngodi dd nhin thay sy hap dan ciia tbi trudng d td Viet Nam vd siic tidu thy tiem ndng ciia nd. Tranh thii cde co hdi tir chinh sdch uu ddi ddu tu ciia Chinh phii Vi$t Nam, hg da nhanh chong xdm nhdp thi trudng nude ta thdng qua viec thdnh lap cdc lidn doanh. Nhu vay, sau ndm 1991, cdc lien doanh eua hau bet cdc hdng xe ndi tieng tren the gidi
*Vi|n Kinh te vk Chinh trj The gi6i
nhu Ford, Toyota, Mercedez Benz... dd cd mdt d Viet Nam. Vd cung tir Ihdi dilm ndy, ngdnh cong nghipp d td ciia Viet Nam mai thyc su dugc phdt triln, dong thdi tu duy chien luge ve su phdt triln ciia nganh ciing dugc thay ddi.
Thua so khai, quan diem xdy dyng ngdnh cdng nghiep 6 Id Id di tir sdn xuat phy timg ca bdn rdi ndng dan len sdn xuat d td. Con tir ndm 1991, chiing ta hy vgng xdy dung nganh cdng nghiep d td thdng qua boat dpng Idp rdp rdi tien hdnh timg budc ngi dia hda san xuat phu timg, gidng nhu cdc nude ASEAN vd Ddng A khde da trdi qua. Hien nay, chiing ta cd 11 lien doanh Idp rdp 6 to vdri tdng vdn dau tu khodng tren 750 trieu USD. sdn lugng hdng ndm khoang 150.000 chiec, tao cdng dn viec lam cho hdng nghin lao dgng. Ben cgnh cac Uen doanh, edn cd 52 doanh nghiep trong nude tham gia Idp rdp d td, trong dd phai ke den Transinco, Tdng cdng ty than, Veam, Trucmg Hdi... Tuy nhien, san lugng cua cdc doanh nghiep nay la chua ddng kl, cdng nghe lac hau, vdn khiem tdn.
Nhiing ket qua dgt dugc ciia ngdnh cdng nghiSp d td Viet Nam sau 2 thap ky phat ttiln dugc the hien 6 nhirng diem sau day:
Thir nhdt, gdp phan lam da dang hda sdn phdm tren thi trudng d td Viet Nam. Hien nay, chiing ta cd trdn 50 chung loai vdi hang trdm
72- -NhOng vin di KINH Jt VACHINH TRj JHt Gidl S6 5(193) 2012
Nguyin H6ng Nhung Ngdnh d td Vi^t Nam: Thyc trang hogt dpng..
mdu ma xe khdc nhau eiia nhieu nhd san xudt d t6 hang d^u the gioi dugc lap rdp tgi Viet Nam va do cac doanh nghipp d td Viet Nam sdn xuat.
NIU nhu trudc ddy, ngudi tidu diing chi bill din mpt vai nhan hieu xe quen thudc, nhu Zyl, Ifaw, Praga, Kamaz... dugc nhdp khau tir cdc nude Ddng Au, thi nay hg da biet den nhilu logi xe chat lirang hon, mau md dep hon vdi so lugng ngdy cang Idn, nhu Land Cruiser, Camry, Corolla eua Toyota Vidt Nam, Escap, Laser, Ranger... ciia Ford Viet Nam, Maliz, Lanos... cua Vidameo.
Thii hai, sdn lugng xe d td dugc Idp rdp vd bdn ra tren thi trudng Viet Nam ngdy mgl gia tdng (Bdng 1 vd 2). Cdc sd li$u cho thdy, trong nhung ndm 2008 - 2009, moi thdng, rieng cac thdnh vien ciia Hi?p hgi cde nhd sdn xudt d td Vi?t Nam (VAMA) da ban dugc tir 9.000 din 10.000 xe d td cdc logi, tiic gan gdp rudi sdn lugng eiia cd ndm trong thap ky 1990. Kit qua Id, cdc doanh nghidp 6 td dd dap iing phin ndo nhu ciu ngdy cdng tdng len ciia ngudi tieu diing trong nude.
Bdng 1: San lu-pug xe lap rdp dirpc trong cdc liSn doanh cua VAMA giai doan 1996 - 2001 Ban v/; chiec
Lien doanh
Toyota Mekong VMC Daewoo Vinastar Daihatsu Suzuki Mercedes Isuzu Hino Ford Tong s6 Toe do tang
(%)
1996
189 892 2.059 964 409 495 128 66
S.202 0
1997
1.277 527 1.349 689 622 556 493 351 57 16 11 5948 14
1998
1.836 416 948 463 702 345 390 252 148 64 365 5.931 -0,3
1999
2.179 281 1.252 1.119 650 434 320 183 204 44 325 6.991 18
2000
4.616 423 2.222 1.750 935 778 947 547 454 91 1.195 13.958 99
2001
5.759 866 1.800 2.006 1.612 169 1.058 1.873 597
75 1.917 20.000 43
Nguon: Theo lhdng ke ciia VAMA.
Nhitng vin di KINH T 6 VA CHINH TR! l»t Gidl S6 5(193) 2012- ",.73:
Nganh 6 tP Vi$t Nam' Thijc trang hojit dpng. N g u ^ Hdng Nhung
Bdng 2: Tinh hinh bin hing ciia VAMA giai dojn 2006 - 2011
Don vj: chUc Nim
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 6 thdng cuoi 2006
Xedu ljch
4.430 4.043 34.918 22.940 17.040 4.959
Xcda dyng MPV 1.319 1.318 13.251 21.424 17.744 9.057
Xcda dung SUV 1.201 1.672 14.306 5.009 5.363 811
Xc minibus,
bus 404 817 9.138 7.979 5.891 2.010
Xe tdi, pick up &van vd cdc loai khdc
3.209 4.720 47.315 53.029 34.424 8.134
Tong so
10.937(a) 12.485 119.300 110.164 80.441 24.985 Chu thich: (a) Dd bao gdm sd bdn Mercedes Benz Vietnam
Nguon: Tdng hap tir trang hltp://ww\v vama. org, vn/ vd hltp://www vietnamcar com
Bdng 3: Mpt so chi tieu co* ban ciia cac doanh nghidp trong nganh d to va lien quan 2005
So doanh nghiep dang hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh (doanh nghidp) San xuat xe co dong ca, ra-mooc
San xuat phucmg ti?n van tai khac
Ban, bao dudng va sira chiia xe co dpng ca va mo to
377 554 8.616
Tong so lao dpng trong cac doanh nghi9p tai thM di San xuat xe co dpng ca, ro-mo6c
San xuat phuong tien van tai khac
Ban, bap du5ng va sua chiia xe co dpng ea va mo t6
36.801 89.882 35.858
2006 2008 2009 tai thoi diem 31/12 hdng ndm
264 585 8.560
328 683 10.228
392 772 12.334
cm 31/12 hdng ndm (ngvM) 42.489
99.386 26.686
44.798 125.232
40.910
44.339 127305 45.376
-Nhitng vin di KINH T 6 VA C H I N H TR| THt Qldl S6 5(193) 2012
jNguyIn Hdng Nhung Ngdnh d td Vi^t Nam: Thuc trang hogt dgng..
So lao dong nir trong cdc doanh nghidp tai thiri diem 31/12 hdng nSm (ngvM) San xuSt xe co dpng ca, ro-mo6c
San xuat phuang tien v ^ tai khdc
Ban, bao du5ng va sCra chiia xe c6 dpng co vd mo to
10.454 19.521 35.858
15.383 20.895 26.686
15.668 24.333 40.910
16.568 26.404 45.376
V6n sdn xuat kinh doanh binh qudn hdng ndm cua cdc doanh nghif p (ty dong) San xuat xe co dpng ca, ro-mo6c
San xuat phuong ti?n van tai khde
Ban, bao duang va siia chiia xe c6 dgng co va mo to
19.927 48.823 30.405
23.755 45.302 30.641
25.776 69.310 49.793
35.040 85.802 66.486
Gia tri tdi sdn c6 dinh va dau tu tdi chinh ddi han ciia cdc doanh nghiep t^i thM diem 31/12 hdng nam (ty dong)
San xuat xe co dpng co, ro-mo6c San xuat phuong tien van tai khdc
Ban, bao duong va sua chiia xe co dpng ca va mo to
8.166 17.887 9.051
9.889 20.338 10.729
10.729 31.894 15.412
14.000 40.536 • 20.806
Doanh thu thuan sdn xuat kinh doanh (ty ddng) San xuat xe c6 dpng co, ro-mcoc
San xudt phuang tien van tai khac
Ban, bao du&ng va sua chiia xe co dpng co va mo to
24.077 45.578 103.727
26.809 49.930 116.176
39.715 74.819 171.540
53.673 86.552 242.391
Ngu6n:hltp //tltm.vectla.gov.vn/dstkaspx?NewID=183E&CateIB=93
Thit ba, nganh cong nghiep 6 to Vict Nam dd nganh cong nghiSp o to Viet Nam la 60,1%.
% t6e dp tang trucmg cao dSn chong mat 86 Tuy nhi6n, vcri nhOng nha hoach dinh chinh lieu thdng ke cua Bp Cong thuang cho thiy, tit sach va ed nhd tiSu diing, nhOng gi ma cac nam 2002 din h6t 2009 da co them gdn 1 trieu 6 doanh nghiep san xudt lap rap 6 tO trong nuoc 18 dupe dua vao luu thong, mile tdng truong dat lam duac vdn chua dii so voi yeu cau ddt ra ciia
•dioang 4,25 Idn va t6c dp tang trucmg ciia ca quan quan 1^ va thi trucmg. Thuc te, cho du
Wftlg vin di KINH T t VA CHlNH TRj TH^ Gidl S6 5(193) 2012-
Ngdnh d td Vi^t Nam: Thuc trang hoat dgng- Nguyin Hdng Nhung lucmg xe tieu thu tdng Irudng khd deu qua liing
nam, nhilu mau xe mdi duac dua ra nhung theo Phd Vu trudng Vu Cdng nghiep ndng - Bp Cdng thuong, dng Ngd Vdn Tru, thi gid xe Vi^t Nam van 6 bdng eao nhdl thi gidi vd cd khdng it thdi didm ngudi tieu diing phdi xip hdng mua xe - dd id mgl nghjcb ly.
Thir tu, ede lien doanh va cac doanh nghidp Idp rap d td Vi^t Nam da cd nhiing dong gdp nhdt dinh vdo Idng von ddu tu xa hpi vd ngdn sach nhd nude thdng qua Ihuc nhap khau, thue lieu thu dac biel, thuc Ip'i tiic vd ddc bi?t id su ddng gdp ngdy cang gia tdng (tham khdo sd li?u d Bang 3). Chi linh rieng 18 thdnh vien ciia VAMA trong 6 ndm tir 2000 din 2006 dd ddng gdp 1,2 ty USD tiln thul cho Nhd nude.
Thu ndm, tao ra nhieu edng dn vide lam true tiep vd gidn tiep. Cde sd lieu d Bang 3 cho thdy, sd lugng lao dong ldm viec trong cac doanh nghiep san xudt xe cd dpng ca, ro-mooc vd cac phuong tien van tdi khdc da khdng ngimg tdng len trong thdi gian qua va dat khoang 170.000 ngudi trong nam 2009. Trong khi dd, nhung edng vide Hen quan, nhu ban, dai ly, bdo dudng, siia chGa xe d td va xe mdy da tdng len khdng ngimg vd sd lupng gdn bang 1/3 sd ngudi lao ddng true tiep trong cac doanh nghiep sdn xuat xe ddng eo vao ndm 2009', Chi tinh rieng 18 thanh vien ciia VAMA trong 6 ndm tir 2000 den 2006 da tao cdng dn viec ldm dn dinh cho 8.500 lao ddng trong ITnh vuc d td ndi rieng vd khoang 35.000 lao dpng trong cdc ngdnh phu tra, ed lien quan ddn sdn xudt d td. Tuy nhien, cdn ghi nhan rang thdnh tieh vd lao cdng dn vide ldm eua ngdnh cdng nghiep d td Viet Nam tir cac lien doanh d to Id khdng khd quan ldm. Hien nay, ehi vdi nghin lao ddng Viet Nam cd co hdi lam vide trong cdc Hen doanh. Thuc tl ndy cho
' Trong phan loai ng^nh nghS 6 Bang 3, doanh nghjgp sSn xuk d6ng ca bao gom ca 6 to, mo to \k cdc loai khdc.
thdy, muc lieu ddt ra cho ngdnh d td Viet Nam Id ndng cao tay nghi eho ngudi lao dpng thdng qua Idm vice lai cde lien doanh la khdng dat duoc.
Thu sdu, doanh thu rdng cua cdc doanh nghidp lien quan nhu bdn, bao dudng, sua chi^a xc ed dpng ea ihudng eao hem rdt nhilu so vdi cdc doanh nghi?p tham gia san xudt true tidp, trong khi nhu cau vdn ddu lu khdng lan ban nhieu ldm (xem Bdng 3).
2. MQI SO giai phap bao hq
2.1. Mpt so ddnh gid ve chlnh sdch bdo hp doi vdi ngdnh cdng nghidp 6 to Viet Nam ducfc thue hi^n cho din ndm 2010
Cho din nay, da cd kha nhilu ddnh gid ve cdc chinh sdch md Chinh phii Viet Nam dd thuc hien trong thdi gian qua nhdm ho tro cho su phat triln ngdnh cdng nghiep d Id trong nuoc.
Mpt nhdn dinh chung nhdl dd Id chung ta da rat kien tri vd nhat qudn trong viec bdo hd ngdnh cdng nghiep trong mpt thai gian kha ddi vd chu yeu vdi hai cdng cu chinh sdch la Ihue vd uu dai ddu tu. Xel ducfi gdc dp kinh le hpc, khi mpt ngdnh sdn xuat trong nude duprc bdo hd bdng thue quan, thi ngudi duac hudng loi Id cdc nha sdn xuat do lam cho gid bdng san xuat ra bi lang len, edn ngudi phai chiu thiet chinh la ngudi tieu diing do hp phdi tra gia eao ban gid the gidi. Nhu vay, trong nhieu ndm qua, ngudi tieu diing Viet Nam dd phai chiu thiet thdi qud Idn, do phai chap nhan mua gid d td nhdp khdu cQng nhu Idp rdp trong nuoc vdi gia eao ban nhieu so voi thi truong cdc nude trong khu vuc vd tren the giai. Khdng chi cd vdy, chinh sdch bao hd cao cung da lam cho ngudi bdn d td, cdc dai ly d td da vd dang trd thdnh "cdc thugng dl". Sir khan hiem ngudn cung trong khi nhu cdu dang gia tdng da tao ca hpi dd ngudi bdn hang, cac dai ly ndng gid, lam cho gid xe d td d Viet Nam mang tinh ddc quyen khd ro net, eho dii do Id ddc quyen nhdm.
76 -NhOng vin di KINH Jt VA.CHiNH TRI T H 6 Gidl So 5(193) 2012
Nguyin Hong Nhung Ngdnh d td Vigt Nam' Thuc trang hogt ddng..
Hon niia, ehinh sdch bdo hd cao da khdng mang lai nhung ket qud nhu mong mudn. Cd cdc doanh nghipp Idp rdp d td h-ong nude vd liSn doanh deu da muon hudng lai tir cdc chinh sdch ini ddi md khong quan tam den vi$e gia tang ty le npi dia hda vd nang eao tinh canh tranh eua san phdm. Thuc te cho thdy, sau gdn 10 ndm thirc Men chien luoc phdt trien, ngdnh cdng nghiep d td ciia Viet Nam v§n ehua eho ra ddi duoc nhiing chiing loai xe hieu qua, thuc su phii hop vdi mdi trudng va hoan cdnh ciia nude ta.
Tuy chiing ta dd va dang thu but dupe mpt lupng khd Idn ddu lu nude ngodi, song cdng tac thdm dinh du dn ddu tu khdng dupe thyc hi?n tit, cho vdo qud d at, ddn den qud nhilu lien doanh trong mot thi trudng nhd be, vi the khdng hieu qua.
2.2. Nhirng thdch thirc tit qud trinh hdi nhap WTO vd cdc chuff ng trinh khu vifc
Trong thdi gian tdi, ngdnh cdng nghi$p d td Vi?t Nam sS phdi thyc bidn tich cue ban cdc earn kit v l tu do hda thuong mai. Theo cam kll WTO, den ndm 2014, thue nhdp khdu cdc loai d td se phdi gidm xudng 70% vd tdt ca cac loai xe chd ngudi s6 phdi dua ve eiing mdt miie thul sudt 47% vdo ndm 2017. Theo cam kit ASEAN/
AFTA, thud nhdp khdu cho m$t hdng d td chd ngudi dudi 9 cho ngdi trong khu vuc ndy se Id 0%
vdo ndm 2018. Cdn theo cam kdt trong cdc hiep dinh ASEAN - Trung Qudc, ASEAN - Hdn Qudc, mire thul sudt doi vdi Hnh kien, phu tiing old deu d muc thdp 5% (trong ASEAN) vd cdt gidm xudng 0% vao 2018 ddi vdi ASEAN - Trung Quoc. Tuy nhien, can ghi nhdn rdng, trong cam ket vdi WTO ciia Vi8t Nam, d td vdn Id ngdnh duac bdo bp vdi hdng rdo thud quan cao vd thdi ban ddi ban rdt nhieu so vdi cdc ngdnh khdc.
Bang 4: Bieu thue suat thue nhap khau d td nguydn chiec
Tong tr^ng lirang cd tai
{Tdn)
< 5 t d n
>5tdn vd 10 tdn
> 1 0 t d n v d < 2 0 tdn
20 - <45 tdn
> 45 tdn
Loai xe (TsTB)
Chuyen dimg Xe tdi khdc Chuyen diing
Xe tdi khac Chuydn diing
Xe tdi khdc Chuyen diing
Xe tu dd Xe tdi khdc
Xetdi
Phu tung
'(%)
15
12
12
10
Mirc hien hanh
(%)
10-15 80 1 0 - 1 5 5 4 - 5 5 1 0 - 1 5 30
8 8 8 0
Mirc cam ket W T O (thdi diem
cudi, %) 35 70 20 50 20 50 25 25 25 0
Mirc dir kien
(%)
GiQ nguyen 30 Giii nguyen
25 GiQ nguyen
25 Gia nguyen Giir nguyen
15 Giit nguyen
Nguon: Bd Tdi chlnh 2010.
Nhtng vin di KINH Jt VA CHINH TRj THfe GICTI S6 6(193) 2012- -77.
Ngdnh 6 td Vigt Nam: Thyc trgng hogt dpng.. Nguyin Hdng Nhung D I thyc hien tdt cdc cam kel neu trdn, ndm
2010, Bp Tai chinh dd soan Ihdo ljch trinh cdt gidm Ihue doi vdi ngdnh cdng nghi?p d Id Viet Nam, vdi cdc mirc dy kiln dupe Irinh bdy trong Bdng 4. Quan diem cua Bp tdi chinh Id mudn thong qua canh tranh de bupc cdc doanh nghi?p d td Viel Nam phdi cdi lhi§n ndng lyc canh Iranh ciia minh Do dd, hp mudn ddy nhanh vi?c thyc hien cdt gidm thul doi ngdnh d Id sdm ban thdi ban dd cam ket.
Vdi linh than dd, trong ndm 2010, Bp Tdi ehinh dd dl xuat, bdt dau tir ngdy 1/1/2011, cdc ddng xe d td chd ngudi lir 9 cho ngdi trd xuong nhdp khdu tir ASEAN hien cd thue suat Ihue nhdp khau 83% sc duoc gidm xudng dung bdng cam kit ASEAN Id 70%. Cdn ddi vdi cdc loai xe d td nhdp khau tir cdc khu vyc khdc, mire thud van giii nguyen 83%. The nhung, de xuat nay dd gdp phdi sy phdn ddi gay gdt eua Bd Cdng thuang vd dac biet Id cua cde doanh nghiep lap rap d td, cho rdng Idm nhu vdy la Bd Tai cbinb mudn "biic tir"
ngdnh cdng nghiep d Id Viet Nam. Chinh vi sy tranh cdi ndy, md cho den thai diem thang 4/2012, thue nhdp khdu xe mai nguyen chide van dang giii d mure 80 - 83%.
2.3. Be xuat mpt so giai phdp
De xdc dinh duac cdc gidi phdp bdo hd bieu qua ddi voi nganh edng nghiep d td Viet Nam, can dua tren npi dung ciia Chien luoc long the vd chinh sdeh bdo hd sdn xudt edng nghidp trong nude phii hpfp vdi eae cam ket qudc le, quy dinh ciia WTO giai doan den ndm 2020 dd dupe Chinh phii phe duyel ndm 2008. Theo dd, viee bao bd phdi tao dieu ki§n tra giiip cdc nhd san xual trong nude timg buae nang cao kha ndng canh tranh tren thj trudng npi dia vd timg bude md rdng thi Irudng xuat khdu, phdi tao dieu kien huy dpng cdc ngudn luc trong nude, gdp phan dn dinh kinh te - xa hpi, tao vide !dm vd nang eao ddi sdng ngudi lao dpng va phdi
hudng tdi eae mue lidu xd hdi vd bao ve loi ieh ciia ngudi lieu diing tren thi Irudng npi dja, Ben canh dd, cde bipn phdp bdo hp phai phu hpp vdi ddi hdi ciia WTO vd cde chuong trinh ty do hda thuong mai khdc, phdi giiip 1^0 Igp Ipi the canh tranh vd phdi cdng bdng d6i vdi t^t cd cdc doanh nghi?p.
Tren co sd Chiln lugfc tdng thi vd ehinh sdeh bdo hp sdn xudt cdng nghidp trong nude phii hpfp vdi cdc earn kit qudc tl, quy dinh cua WTO giai doan din ndm 2020 vdi cdc myc lieu vd dinh hudng gidi phdp neu tren, kll h^rp vdi thyc trang thye hien chinh sdch cua Chinh phii trong thdi gian qua, cd the dh xudt mpt sd nhdm gidi phdp sau ddy cho sy phdt tridn ciia ngdnh cdng nghiep d id Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi.
Nhdm gidi phdp thir nhdt lien quan den ede bi^n phdp thai quan. Xay dyng Id trinh thich hpp cho vi?c cdt giam thue quan cho diing vdi cdc cam ket trong WTO va cde chuong trinh tu do hda Ihuong mai khu vyc md Viet Nam dang tham gia. Thyc hien bien phdp nay sd Idm gia tdng canh tranh - dpng lyc ciia cuoc chay dua ha gid thdnh sdn pham giiia cac nhd san xuat, ddng Ihdi gidm thud ciing tao co hoi cho nguai lieu dimg duoc mua san pham vdi gia re hon.
Nhdm gidi phdp thu hai lien quan den dap ung yeu cdu ve tap trung sdn xudt vd ddu tu. Tir kinh nghiem phdt tridn nganh cong nghiep d td ciia cdc nuoc Ddng Nam A cho thdy, vide tap trung cdc doanh nghiep sdn xudt d to vd linh phu ki?n vao cac trung tam, khu lien hpfp cd quy md Idn (chir khdng phdn bd rdi rdc nhu d Viet Nam hipn nay) sd tao dilu kien thudn Igi rdt nhilu eho qud trinh sdn xudt kinh doanh. Tuy nhien, thue hien giai phdp ndy khdng phdi Id de ddi vai Viet Nam, do nhimg ban cbl vl vdn vd cdng nghe cung nhu ky nang td chirc, qudn ly, can phdi eo su hd trpf ciia cdc tdp doan, ddi tae nuac ngodi dii manh. Yeu cdu thu hai la vl ddu
78- -NhOng vin di KINH Jt VA CH(NH TRj JHt Gidl S6 5(193) 2012
Nguyin Hdng Nhung Ngdnh d td Viet Nam: Thuc trang hoat dpng..
tu t^p trung. Thai gian qua, chiing ta ddu tu khd dan trdi, thi trudng thi van edn nhd be, ma lai ddu lu Idp rdp tdi hang trdm mau md xe khde nhau, dan den khdng the phat trien dupe cdng nghiep phu trp bdi bieu qud ddu lu se thdp.
Hien nay chung la dang cd y tudng ve phdt triln dong xe chidn luoc. thi nen trien khai theo hudng ndy de ddu lu dupe tap trung ban.
Ban ddu co the chi Id mot vdi mau ma, chiing loai, rdi sau do se ma rdng ra cde chiing loai khac. Cd dilu, cac chuyen gia trong ngdnh luu y rdng, viec xac dinh ede ddng xe chidn lupc khong nen ehi dua vdo xu hudng tieu diing ciia Ihl gidi, md nen dua tren mpt sy kit hpp tinh le giiia su phdt trien ve eo khi, chd lao vdi cdng nghe dien tii, cdng nghe cao va edng nghe bdo ve mdi trudng.
Thue tien kel qua ddu tu eiia Vinaxuki cd the minh chiing eho tdc ddng lich cyc ciia mdt chien lupc ddu tu ldo bao nhung cd trong diem.
Nhd dau tu vdo nhd may khudn mdu dap vd xe va due linh kien, ma nam 2011, Vinaxuki cd 5 model xe tdi dupe sir dung cabin do ehinh cdng ty thiet ke che tao vdi kieu ddng bien dai nhdt, do ben dam bdo tren 15 nam; tir nam 2013, Vinaxuki se nghien euu ehd tao cdc loai cabin xetdi cac loai Iren 10 tan. Vinaxuki cung dd dat ra kl hoach trong 5 ndm tir 2010 - 2015 hodn thanh 3 thdn vd xe con Idp cho cde xe co dung lich tir Kl din 2.5 k l ea phdn ndi thdt vd ngoai that. Vdi phdn npi dia hda ddng ea, den cudi nam 2014, Vinaxuki cd t b i ndi dia hda 60 - 70% vdi xe tdi va 50 - 60% voi xe eon cho 10 mdu xe. Theo tinh loan, moi bd khudn dap cabin xe tai ndu mua ngodi phdi trd tir 3 - 7 trieu USD, nlu lu ehl lao gidm 20 - 30% cdn 2 - 4 trieu USD. Tiiy gia tri moi bp khudn xe con gia nhap ngoai tir 14 - 25 trieu USD con tu e h l tao chi lir 10 - 16 Irieu USD vd nhdt la khdng phai [ ^^B ngoai te, gdp phdn vdo kidm ehe nhdp sieu
cung nhu lao viec ldm eho ngudi lao ddng.
Nhdm gidi phdp thit ba lien quan din viee tham gia vdo mang ludi sdn xudt khu vuc. Vdi quy md thj trudng vd edng sudt cde nhd may hien tai vd trong tuong Iai, cdng nghiep bo trp ngdnh d td eua Viel Nam rat khd phdt triln.
Khdng nen tham vpng san xudt xe "made in Vietnam" 100% md nen tinh loan d l lien kit, tham gia chuoi sdn xual ciia cdc hdng d td ndi tieng dd ndng cao ty le ndi dja hda xe san xudt trong nude. Dua Iren md hinh the hien sy thay ddi ve gid tri gia tdng trong mdi giai doan cua qua trinh sdn xuat d td, ket hpp vai mdi lien ket hien lai ciia cdc nhd sdn xudt d td trong khu vyc, cdc nha sdn xuat d td vd linh phu kien Viet Nam CO the dinh vi eho minh dupe chd diing trong mang sdn xudl dd.
Gia trj
gia tang Gid trj '
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San xuit linh ki?n Lap rap Phan phoi Theo du bao, Trung Qu6c hien dang noi len nhu la mot thi trucmg 6 to Ion nhat th8 gioi, Indonesia co th6 thay thS Thai Lan tra thanh trung tam cong nghiep 6 to a Dong Nam A, nha ti8m nang to Ion v6 thi truong npi dia va tai nguyen thien nhien. Mat khac, viec triSn khai AFTA da lam cho hoat dong xujt khiu 6 to va phu tiing 6 to tir Indonesia sang cac nuac Dong Nam A trd nen d l dang hem rit nhiSu. Trong khi do, nhu ciu v6 cac chi tiSt ciu thanh 6 to gia re se khuyin khich vice xay dung nha may moi a Indonesia, do nhQng loi thi vi nguon tai nguyen va nhan cong tai day.
A/ftffng vin ai KINH T t VA CHINH TR] THt Gidl S6 6(193) 2012- -79
Nganh o to Vi$t Nam: Thi/c tr;ng hoat JQng... Nguyin H6ng Nhung Nhdm gidi phdp Ihir tu lien quan din viec hao nhien lipu, dp an toan, dSc biet la xe da ddm bdo yeu cdu vi bdo ve mdi Irudng, Day qua sir dung. Ben canh do, can dua ra chlnh la giai phap ho'p 1^ v^ hi$u qui ii ngSn ch$n sich \i kiim dinh chit luang, rang bupc trach viec nhap khau cdc ipai xe khong ddp ung nhiem ciia nhd san xuat voi san pham dua vao cac tieu chuin kj thu§t cao vc khf thai, liSu thj trufrng*
Tdi lieu tham khao:
1 Cdc bdi tren http://www.tinkinhte.com 2. Cac bdi tren hltp://www.thitruongvietnam.com.vn
3. Cac bdi viet lien quan din ngdnh cong nghi?p 6 to Viet nam tren cac bao Nhan Dan, Dien dan Doanh nghiep, Lao dpng, Bdo Hd npi m6i Online
4. http://www.thegipioto.com.vn 5. http://www.ven.vn/news 6. http://www.vietnamnet.vn
7. Kenichi Ohno vd Mai Th8 Cuong (2004): Ngdnh cdng nghiep 6 to Vtft Nam - Nhung viec cdn Idm de trien khai thuc hien Quy hogch ngdnh, Dien dan Doanh nghiep Viet Nam (VDF), ngdy 28 thang 12.
8. Quylt dinh ciia Thii tuang Chinh phii vi viec phe duyet Chiln luoc phat triln nganh cong nghiep oto Viet Nam din ndm 2010, tim nhin toi ndm 2020, s6 175/2002/QD-Ttg, ngdy 03/12/2002.
9. Quylt dinh cua Thii tuong Chinh phii ve vice phe duyet Chiln luprc tdng thi va chinh sdch bdo hp sdn xuat ccng nghidp trpng nuoc phu hop voi cdc cam kit qu6c tl, quy dinh cua WTO giai doan din ndm 2020, s6 160/2008/QD-Ttg, ngay 04 thang 12 ndm 2008.
-Nhdng vin di KINH 76 VA CHiNH TRj THg GI&I S6 5(193) 201
