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TRIEN KHAI QUY HOACH PHAN KHU TAI VIET NAM
Ha Noi hien nay la quy hoach phan k'- cac khu vuc phat hoach nay nham c nam 2030 va tam ni phe duyet.
ThS. KTS. LA THI KIM NGAN*J
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gay trong thdi gian dd an Quy hoach chung Thu do Ha Ndi den nam 2030, tam nhm den nam 2050 dupe nghien cuu. tnnh Hpi ddng tham dinh cap Nha nuoc. thi nhung nhu cau ve phat tnen dd thi nhu giao thdng. ha tang kinh te - xa hpi, quan ly phat then dd thi da dat ra nhung yeu cau phat tnen khai cac budc tiep theo ciia guy hoach chung. de giai guyet cac van de tren. Trudc tinh hinh dd. Thii tudng Chinh phii da yeu cau to chuc lap cac quy hoach phan khu dd thi ddng thoi vdi lap dd an guy hoach chung xay dyng Thii dd Ha Ndi.Viec lap cac quy hoach phan khu dong thoi vdi quy hoach chung xay dUng Thu dd la nhim khdp noi va hudng dan giai guyet cac dy an tren dja ban Ha Npi da dudc cap cd tham quyen phe duyet trudc khi hop nhat md rpng Thii dd. Day la viec nham dap iing kip thoi cdng tac guan ly xay dung dd thi trong boi canh md rpng dia gidi hanh chinh; ddng thoi lam cd sd de lap quy hoach chi tiet, dam bao trien khai cac du an dau tu xay dung theo diing quy dinh phap luat.
Cac cdng viec cu the hda cho viec lap quy hoach phan khu la:
• Tien hanh danh gia, ra soat cac quy hoach chi tiet, cac du an da dupe chap thuan ve chu trUdng, hoac da dup'c phe duyet quy hoach chi tiet vathyc hien then khai duan, de ciing vdi cac sd, nganh cua thanh pho de xuat cac budc then khai tiep theo.
• Tien hanh khao sat do dac ban do cac khu vUc dU kien lap quy hoach phan khu, thu thap cac tai lieu, so lieu dieu tra cd ban, de phan tich va danh gia ve dU kien cac quy hoach phan khu dd thi mang tinh kha thi, dap Ung yeu cau quan ly phat trien cua thanh pho va cac dia phUdng.
• Phdi hdp vdi chinh quyen dia phUdng ra soat cac dU an phuc vu nhu
cau phat tnen cua dia phuong cung nnu cac nhu cau khac ciia thanh pho tren dia ban. Viec tnen khai phoi hop trong viec xac dinh. thong nhat cac nhu cau phat tnen cua dia phuong da tao duoc su ddng thuan trong giai doan xac dinh lap nhiem vu guy hoach va trong gua trinh lap guy hoach.
Viec trien khai lap quy hoach phan khu do thi tren dia ban Thu do Ha Ndi trong dieu kien Quy hoach chung xay dung dang duoc trinh Thu tudng Chinh phii phe duyet co nhieu kho khan, doi hoi phai phan dot thuc hien, xac dinh cac tieu chi va lya chon cac phan khu dd thi, de tien hanh lap guy hoach theo tung buoc. tung khu vyc.
Giai doan 1: thuc hien lap quy hoach phan khu do thi cho khu vyc md rong phia Nam sdng Hdng. khu vuc mo rpng phia Bac sdng Hdng, Nam sdng Ca L6 VOI ly do;
Day la khu vuc tap trung cac dy an dd thi da va dang nghien ciiu tnen khai. Khu vyc nay tap trung cac dau moi Idn ve co sd ha tang giao thong doi ngoai, tuyen dudng vanh dai. cac cong tnnh dau moi ve chuan bi ky thuat, cap dien,,
Quy hoach phan khu nay la phii hop vdi cau triic md hinh phat trien khdng gian dd thi. Cac phan khu dd thi n i m tren cac trye dudng hudng tam va nam dpc theo cac tuyen vanh dai 3, vanh dai 3.5, vanh dai 4 cua thanh phd. hinh thanh vanh dai dd thi md rpng ciia Ha Npi.
Cac phan khu dd thi dy kien phat then nay cting tiep giap voi cac vanh
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dai xanh, cac nem xanh, lam giam .ip luc phat tnen do thi len khu vuc noi do lich ,sii ciia Thii do,
Giai doan 2: tien hanh nghien cuu lap guy hoach phan khu dd thi cho khu vuc noi do lich su' tap trung vao viec nghien cuu quy hoach va thiet ke do thi, tang cuong xay dung cc so ha tang do thi, xay dung quy dmh guan ly theo do an guy hoach do thi duoc phe duycl va xay dung cac guy che quan ly quy hoach.
kien true do thi.
Tren nguyen tac do, nhiem vu guy hoach phan khu cho 17 phan khu nam tiong khu vu'c mo rong phia Nam song Hdng. phia t3ac sdng Hdng va phia Nam song Ca Lo (Quy hoach phan khu S I , S2, S3, S4, S5. N l . N2.
N3, N4, N5. N6. N7. N8. N9. N11, ON va GS). da dupe Vien Quy hoach Xay dung Ha Npi lap va dupe UBND thanh pho Ha Noi phe duyet thang 01/2011.
Cu the cac quy hoach phan khu nhu sau:
Khu vuc phia Bdc sdng Hdng: Gom 11 phan khu ddthi;
Cac phan khu N l , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 . 8 , 9 , 1 1 ; la cac cym do thi, chii yeu phuc vu phat tnen md'i, nam tren dia ban cac huyen Me Lmh, Ddng Anh va Gia Lam.
Phan khu GN; la phan khu cd chuc nang chu dao la cay xanh mat nudc dya tren yeu to cO ban la he thong sdng Thiep dam Van Th thupc dia gidi hanh chinh huyen Me Linh va Ddng Anh
Khu vUc phia Nam sdng Hdng: Gom 6 phan khu ddthi
Cac phan khu 81, 2, 3, 4, 5; la cac dd thj phia Dong du'dng vanh dai 4 thudc khu vyc md rpng cua dd thi trung tam chii yeu phyc vu phat trien mdi nim tren dia ban cac huyen Dan PhUdng, Hoai Dilc, TLJ Liem, Thanh Tri, Thanh Oai, Thudng Tin va cac quan Ha Ddng, Hoang Mai.
Phan khu GS la phan khu nem xanh vanh dai xanh sdng Nhue
17 do an quy hoach phan khu trien khai ngay trong giai doan nay da tao ra cdng cy quan ly cd ban de hudng d i n cac nha dau tu, cpng dong trong viec td chifc thyc hien dau tu xay dung theo diing Quy hoach chung, cd cd sd phap ly chat che,
Giai dogn 2 hidn nay sau khi Q6 dn Quy hogch Chung xdy dung ThCi dd Hd Ndi dd duoc Thii tudng phd duydt quy hogch, dang duoc tiln hdnh cdc cdng vide khdo sdt, dilu tra d l thuc hidn tilp tgc cdc phdn khu dd thj trong khu vUc n^i dd ljch sCf vd ndi dd md rdng.
CCing vdi dd, cdng tdc l$p quy hogch chung cho cdc dd thj vd tinh cilia thdnh ph6, cdc thj trIn huydn ly cQng dUOc triln khai, d l phyc vg nhu clu phdt triln kinh t l xd hdi cCia cdc dja phUdng.
Khu vi/c ndi dd ljch SLf (khu vtiC h^ chg phdt tridn). gdm 5 phdn khu: H1.1, H1.2, H1.3.
HI .4 vd phdn khu H 6 Tdy vd viing phy c$n.
Khu vi/c ndi dd md rdng thudc dd tiij tmng tdm, gdm 4 phdn khu: H2.1, H2.2, H2.3, H2.4.
Phdn khu sdng Hdng dkign qua khu w/c dd thi loi.
Cac phdn khu dUOc triln khai trong giai dogn ndy, chij yeu Id cdc phdn khu dd thj nim trong Id khu vuc da cd bdn cd quy hogeh I n djnh.
Quy ho9ch cac qu$n, huy$n.
Cdc phdn khu dd thj tgi khu vUc ndy cd mgc tieu:
• Gidm toe dd diu tu trong khu vyt dd thj loi, d l dam bdo ndi dung bdo tdn, bdo vd, edi tgo, din ndng cao chat luong dd thj trong khu vuc.
Di ddn, gian ddn d l hidn thyo hda chii trUdng kilm sodt, hgn chl gia tdng ddn s6, dd thj hda ndi tgi nhim gidm dp lgc d6i va hd thdng hg ting ddthj.
• Dl chuyin cdc cd s6 cdng nghidp, tnj s6 cd qugn, trudng dgi hpc, cd s6 y t l gdy d nhilm hidn hufu d l gidm site hut vdo trong khu vgc ndi dd, gidm chit tdi ddi vdi hg tang hidn cd cug khu vgc.
• Phii hop khd ndng thu hut nguon lgc diu tu bdi ddy Id khu vgc cd gid trj kinh te dat rat cao, ddi hdi tiem lgc tdi chfnh Idn. Qud trinh dau tu, dd thj hda da didn ra tgi khu vgc trong thdi gign qua da bUdc dau cin sg thay doi ve chit luong.
• Giam mat do luu lUOng giao thdng, gidm dp
• luc ve hg tang dd thj cho khu vgc
• Tgo dieu kien de bo sung quy dat cho cdc nhu clu xay dgng cdng trinh cdng cdng, tien
fch dd thj (bai dd xe, cdng vidn - cay xanti, the dgc thi thao, vui chdi - gidi tri...)
• Tgo dilu kidn d l bdo tdn cdc di sdn do thi, tdn tgo cdc khdng gian di sdn ddc thu cua Thu dd: Trung tdm chfnh trj Ba Dinh, Khu di san Hodng thdnh Thdng Long, Khu phd co, Khu phd cu, Khu vgc Hd GUdm vd phg cdn, Khu vg&HdTdyvdphgcdn.
• Tgo dilu kidn ndng clp cdc khu b cu da xudng clp, qud tdi: Idng xdm dd thi hoa, cac khu 6 chudt- d$c bidt Id vide cdi tao, xay dgng Igi cdc khu t ^ thi, khu chung cu cu nguy hilm.
Md hinh t6 chOe triln khai cdc quy hoach p h t e i d i u ddthj:
Cdc quy hogch phdn khu duoc t l chUc trien khai trdn cd sd ede quy dmh phap luat va cdc vdn bdn hudng din hidn hdnh, dam bao cdc djnh hudng cua dd dn quy hogch chung Qud trinh thgd hidn cac quy hogch phan khu da duoc phdi hop vdi cdc cd quan quan ly ehuydn ngdnh d l thdng nhat ve quan niem eung nhu tidu chuin quy phgm va mile dp thgichidnddan.
Cdng tdc do dac bdn dd dia hinh: yeu cau ddm bdo phu kin ranh gidi cac phan khu do thj (bao gdm cd didn tfch do chdm), nhim ddm bdo ydu d u nghien eUu, bdn do do dac do ddn vi tu vin ed kinh nghiem vd uy tin thuc hidn, duoc S6 Tdi nguyen & Mdi trudng tham tra du dilu kidn.
Cdng tdc dilu tra hidn trgng, nghien ciai quy hogch: Xdy dung he thong tieu ehi danh gia SU phu hop cDa cdc dU dn, dd an quy hoach da duoc clp tham quyen phe duyet trong cac phUdng dn quy hogch phdn khu.
T 6 ehite phoi, kit hop vdi chinh quyen cacdia phUdng, cdc s6, ban nganh trong suot qua trinh, tu budc Idp nhiem vu quy hoach, tong hop dieu tra, ddnh gid hien trang den xay dgng phUdng dn... Cap nhat, Idng ghep cac yeu clu, nhu clu cua ti^g dja phUdng vacac quy hogch ngdnh cung cdc ke hoach - chudng trinh chuyen biet trong cdc giai phap quy hogch, nham tgo nen sg ddng thuan chung.
De xult nhieu sdng kien, vdi cac phudng thu tiep can linh hogt de dam bao tdc do vayeu clu ve diu tu cap bdch, md van dam bao hdnh lang phdp ly theo quy djnh. VD; Cttu ddng de xuat 17 phan khu dd thj trong khi
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quy hogch chung cdn dgng trong qud trinh tham dinh, phdi hop vdi ddn vj tu vin do dgc de sdm cd bdn dd nen, phgc vg ngay cdng tac nghien eCfu, bao gdm cd hd thdng bdn d6 khdng anh mdi nhat thgc hien trong qud trinh bay chup; Xdy dgng he thong philu dilu tra hien trgng, he thdng ky thudt thong nhit trong cac phan khu ddthi...
Md hinh to chuHc thIm djnh, xin y kiln cdc quy hoach phan khu ddthj:
Theo chl dgo ciia UBND Thdnh phi, Vidn da eung Sd Quy hogch- Kiln tnic phdi hop de xult md hinh vUa Idp quy hogch ddng thdi tap hop duoc y kien gdp y tU ede ed quan s6, nganh, dja phUdng, thgt hidn thIm djnh dd I dn thdng nhat trong mdt qud trinh.
Sd Quy hogch - Kiln tnic Hd Ndi vd Vidn Quy hogch Xdy dgng Hd Ndi thdnh Idp to thIm djnh, Idm viec tren cd s6 khung tham djnh duoe thdng nhit. Phoi hop giOa tu vin Idp quy hoaeh vdi cdc bd phdn qudn ly chuyen mdn de thdng nhit ndi dung, chl tieu so lieu... Dieu nay da tgo dieu kien thudn loi cho qud trinh nghien cUu cung nhu kiem tra, tham djnh do an, rut ngIn thdi gian tham djnh ho sd.
• Qua trinh xem xet gdp y, tham djnh dodn quy hoach phdn khu dUOc duy tri song song vdi , qua trinh nghien cilU, theo tUng dot cua cdc
giai dogn thuc hien, cu the Id:
Dieu tra hien trgng - cap nhdt cdc dU dn;
De xult phuong dn quy hogch kien tmc - giao thdng, djnh hudng he thong quy hogch ha ting ky thudt chinh;
• Hoan chinh ddng bd hd sd quy hogch theo dung quy djnh tgi Thdng tU 10.
De xult vdi UBND thdnh phd thdnh lap Hdi ddng tham djnh thdnh phd, gdm cdc thdnh vien la dai dien cdc sd chuyen ngdnh lien quan, dai didn chinh quyen dja phUdng, de tien hanh tham djnh dam bdo chit lUOng vd cd tinh phdi hop da nganh trong viec tham
•^ djnh quy hoaeh.
* ThUe te hidn nay, trong qud trinh thUe hien lap ' quy hoaeh phan khu, ede dd an quy hogeh
' chuyen nganh ha ting ky thuat dd thj eung ' da va dang dUde nghien euU, sau khi quy
^ hoach chung dUdc duyet. Vi vay, chung tdi cd phdi hdp de xult thanh lap cd to cdng tac lien :• nganh tham djnh de giup thdng tin, khdp ndi : va Idng ghep eae quy hoaeh ehuydn nganh ky I' thuat dd thj vao dd an quy hoaeh phan khu, I dam bao tfnh thdng nhit trong quy hoaeh dd
thj vd quy hogch ngdnh, trudc mit cDng nhu Idu ddi.
Theo Ludt Quy hogch dd thj, d6 dn quy hogch phdn khu cin triln khai lly y kiln cdng ddng ddn cu. Hidn nay, Vidn QHXD Hd Ndi dU kiln thgc hidn theo hinh thite trung bdy cdc d6 dn quy hogch tgi cdc djg phUdng, t l chUc gidi thidu v l dd dn vd gili cdc philu gdp y, cdc philu thdm dd v l ndi dung quy hogch, d l lly
<j kiln ciia cdng ding ddn cu.
Khd khdn vd bdi hgc kinh nghidm.
Quy hogch phdn khu lln diu tidn duoc dug vdo quy djnh phdp ludt, ndn cdc hudng din vd quy djnh, tidu chuin ky thudt, chl tidu quy hogch ddi vdi logi hinh quy hogch ndy chua rd rdng, vide thgc hidn quy hogch phdn khu chii ylu dga tren cdc vdn bdn hudng din trudc ddy ddi vdi cdc quy hogch xdy dgng cd ty Id tUdng Ung Id 1/5.000 vd 1/2.000. Cdc van bdn quy phgm ndy hien qud chi tiet: ddi hdi tinh todn den clp ddn vj 6 vd den tiing d phd, trong khi quy hogch phdn khu ddt mgc tieu Id Idm CO sd de xdc djnh cdc dg dn diu tu xdy dgng trong dd thj vd lap quy hogch chi tiet.
Doi vdi cdc phdn khu dd thj Hd Ndi (17 phdn khu hien nay cd quy md Idn tli: 720ha (N2) den 7.062ha (GS)), md quy djnh nghien cifu d mUc qud chi tiet Id khdng khd thi, gay khd khan vd Idm cham tien do nghien cUu vd thIm djnh dd dn. Dong thdi, quy djnh qud chi tiet cdn gay khd khdn trong de xult nghien ciiu d clp do quy hogch phdn khu, cd nguy cd Idm gidm sg sdng tgo vdi nhufng de xult mdi ddi vdi cdc quy hogch chi tilt sau ndy.
Nghj djnh ciia Chinh phii sd 37/2010/ND-CP ngdy 07/4/2010 v l Ldp, tham djnh, phe duyet vd qudn ly quy hogch dd thj cd quy djnh ve Ndi dung dd dn quy hogch chuyen ngdnh hg ting ky thudt, nguyen tic lap dd dn quy hogch chuyen ngdnh hg ting ky thudt duoc neu tgi dieu 21, nghj djnh 37/2010/ND-CP.
Thgc te khi lap quy hogch phdn khu sau khi quy hogeh chung dUOc duyet nhUng cdc quy hogch chuyen ngdnh hg ting ky thudt ehUa duoc nghien eCfu Id mdt trd nggi Idn trong qua trinh lap quy hogch phdn khu. Ly do Id:
Trong quy hogch phdn khu yeu cau quy hogeh tdng mat bang xac djnh chi tieu sii dung dIt quy hoach dd thi ddi vdi tiing d phd, khoang lui cac true dudng, vj tri, quy md eae cdng trinh nglm (neu ed).
^han quy lioach he thong cong tnnh ha tang thuat dd thi: yeu cau guy hoach lien guan Jen chuyen nganh sau ve giao thdng dd thi, :huan bi ky thuat, thoat nUdc mua, nudc thai,
lat thai ran
vieu cac do an guy hoach chuyen nganh ha tang ky thuat dd thi chua dudc lap, nhung vi luc tieu lap quy hoach phan khu phyc vu cdng tac quan ly dd thi, xac dinh cac dU an dau tu va lap guy hoach chi tiet, thi cac dd an guy hoach phan khu se phai dieu chinh khi cac quy hoach chuyen nganh ha tang ky thuat duoc lap va phe duyet, lam co sd de lap dy an dau tu xay dyng he thong ha tang ky thuat khung ddthi.
Theo quy dinh ciia Luat Quy hoach Dd thi, thi to child tu van lap quy hoach cd trach nhiem lay y kien co quan, to chuc, ca nhan va cdng dong dan cu cd lien guan ve d6 an guy hoach dd thi la chua hop ly, vi quy dinh trach nhiem to chiic lap quy hoach dd thi ma cu the la quy hoach phan khu la trach nhiem cua UBND Thanh pho true thupc trung uong, thanh pho true thupc tinh, UBND huyen thupc thanh pho true thupc trung udng (dieu 19 Luat Quy hoach do thi), nen can co su phoi hop trach nhiem giua chinh guyen cac cap. cac to chiic chinh tri xa hpi ciia dia phudng, to chiic tU van de lay y kien ciia ca nhan va cpng dong dan cu ve guy hoach phan khu. Cd nhu vay md'i tao dupe su dong thuan trong cac y kien ddng gop cho quy hoach phan khu va khdng bi dan xen cac loi ich ciia cac cdng ddng dan cu. cac tang Idp dan cU khac nhau trong pham vi quy hoach phan khu.
Hien nay, 17 guy hoach phan khu dd thi tai thanh pho Ha Npi dang dupe khan truong hoan chinh, trinh tham dinh - phe duyet; cac phan khu dd thi cdn lai da duoc Vien Quy hoach Ha Npi hoan thanh nhiem vy quy hoach.
Kinh nghiem cho thay, can phat huy tinh chii ddng, sang tao, cai tien phuong phap then khai, quy trinh, van hanh... ciia lanh dao, cac tap the va tiing ca nhan. Dac biet can cd sy
"chung siic chung Idng" ciia cac cap, cac nganh, cac to chiic, doan the va mpi tang Idp nhan dan, de tao ra "con du'dng di ngan nhat, hdp ly, dam bao diing quy dinh phap luat" doi vdi cac do an quy hoach phan khu dd thi tren dia ban Thii dd.
*V/e/i truang Vien Quy hoach Xay dUng Ha NOI.
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