Li LUAN GIAO DUC - DAY HOC
M O I Q O A N HE G I U A D A N H G I A V A T H U A N H G I A KET QUA HOC T A P
T R O N G Q U A T R I N H D A Y H O C
O ThS. NGUYEN THI THANH TRA*
T
rong qua trinh day hoc, ket qua hoc tap [KQHT) cua nguai hoc Id su hien thyc hoa myc tieu day hoc, Id muc do md ngudi hoc dat duqc so vai myc tieu day hoc da dat ra. KQHT cua ngudi hoc tgo nen mdi lien he ngugc trong qua trinh day hoc.Vdi y nghTa nhu tren, KQHT cua ngudi hoc Id sy phdn dnh chdt lugng day hoc. Mud'n biet thyc trang KQHT cua ngudi hgc, cdn tien hanh hoat ddng ddnh gid (DG). Bdi the, OG KQHT Id ca sd de dieu chinh hoat ddng day hoc mdt each phu hgp nhdm dat chdt lugng cao nhdt. Cd nhieu lyc lugng tham gia vdo DG KQHT, song DG cua gido vien (GV) ve KQHT cua ngudi hgc vd DG cua ngudi hoc ve KQHT ciia chinh ho (ty DG - TDG) Id hai lyc lugng chinh cd y nghTa han cd trong qua trinh day hgc.
Giua DG cua GV vd TDG cua ngudi hgc ve KQHT cd mdi lien he tuong ho vdi nhau. Ldm rd mdi quan he nay giup cho ngudi dgy vd ngudi hgc cd sy tdc ddng, dieu chinh phu hgp han trong hogt ddng dgy hgc, ndng cao chdt lugng dgy hgc.
1. Ddnh gid vd ty ddnh gid ket qua hgc tap 1.1. Danh gia ket qua hgc tap
DG - hieu mdt each chung nhdt Id viec chu the thu thdp thdng tin ve viec thyc hien mdt cdng viec ndo dd, sau do phdn tich, ddi chieu nhung thdng tin dd vdi myc tieu, tieu chudn dd de ra, chi ra muc dd dgt dugc cua ket qua cdng viec so vdi myc tieu ban ddu, tu dd dua ra nhung bien phap thich hgp de cdi thien hien trgng, ndng cao hieu qua vd chdt lugng cdng viec.
Trong qua trinh dgy hgc, DG KQHT Id qua trinh GV thu thdp, xu li thdng tin ve trinh dd, khd ndng HT cua ngudi hgc, xdc dinh muc dd hoan thdnh cdc myc tieu HT dd de ra cho ngudi hgc sau mdt giai dogn HT nhdt djnh.
DG KQHT Id mdt khau khong the thieu trong qua trinh dgy hgc, giup ngudi dgy ndm dugc nhung thdng tin phdn hdi tu phia ngudi hgc vd
cd y nghTa quan trgng ddi vdi cd ngudi dgy vd ngudi hgc.
- Doi vai ngudi dgy: qua nhung thdng tin thu dugc cua qua trinh DG KQHT, ngudi dgy thdy dugc thyc trgng HT cua HS, nhung diem mgnh vd nhung thieu sot trong HT cua hg. Tu do ngudi dgy tim bien phap hudng ddn, giup ngudi hgc khdc phyc nhung thieu sot vd dieu chinh hogt ddng HT cho tdt hon. Hon nua, DG KQHT cdn giup ngudi dgy dieu chinh hogt ddng dgy cua bdn than mdt each phu hgp han trong qua trinh dgy hgc. Nhu vdy, DG KQHT cua ngudi hgc Id ca hdi de ngudi dgy TDG trinh dd chuyen mdn cua minh, cd sy dieu chinh hogt ddng dgy cua bdn than de khong ngung ndng cao ndng lyc, hoan thien bdn than.
- Ddi vdi ngudi hgc: qua DG KQHT, ngudi hgc biet rd han ndng lyc HT cua minh vd dudi sy hudng dan ciia GV, ngudi hgc ty dieu chinh each hgc de khdc phyc nhung thieu sot trong qua trinh HT. Ddng thdi, ngudi hgc cung se hinh thdnh thdi quen ty kiem tra, TDG trong HT, nhd do, viec HT se chu ddng vd tich cue han.
1.2. Ty ddnh gid ket qua hgc tap
Dudi goc dd nhdn thuc, TDG dugc coi Id mdt bd phdn cdu thdnh hay mdt giai dogn phdt trien cao cua ty y thuc. Dd Id sy nhdn xet, DG cua chu the ve khd ndng, cdc phdm chdt... cua chinh bdn than minh. TDG KQHT dugc hieu Id qua trinh chu the thu thdp, xu li thdng tin ve hogt ddng HT cua chinh minh, ddi chieu vdi myc tieu dd dgt ra vd chi ra dugc cdc muc dd dgt dugc cua bdn than, tu dd cd thdi dd, hanh ddng phu hgp nhdm ty dieu chinh hogt ddng HT de dgt thdnh tich HT tdt nhdt.
Nhu vdy, TDG KQHT Id viec ngudi hgc ty nhdn xet, phdt bieu ve KQHT cua chinh minh. TDG KQHT cd y nghTa ldn ddi vdi sy phdt trien nhdn each cua cd nhdn ngudi hgc. TDG KQHT giup
* Trifling Bai hoc sir pham Ha Noi Tap chi Giao due so 2 6 2 (ki i - 5/2011)
ngudi hoc nhdn ra «khodng each" giua trinh do hien cd cua bdn than vdi myc tieu day hoc ddt ra, tCr dd cd nhung hanh ddng dung ddn de cd gang vugt qua khodng each dd, dap ung cdc yeu cdu cua day hoc. Vi the, TOG KQHT cd gid tri dmh hudng, dieu chinh hoat ddng, hanh vi cua chu the trong qua trinh HT, giup ngudi hoc Idm chu duqc chinh hoat ddng HT cua bdn than minh. Do dd TDG KQHT duqc coi Id tien de, Id dieu kien cua sy ty gido dye.
2. Mdi lien he giua DG cua GV vd TDG KQHT cua ngudi hoc trong qua trinh day hoc
Vdi each hieu ve DG vd TDG KQHT nhu tren, giua DG vd TDG KQHT khong cd sy tach rdi md cd mdi lien he mat thiet vdi nhau, the hien qua nhung yeu td sau:
- Ve ddi tuang DG, cd DG vd TDG ve KQHT deu cd chung mdt ddi tuang DG Id KQHT cua ngudi hoc hay muc dd dat duqc cua ngudi hoc ve tri thuc, kT ndng, kT xdo, thdi dd... so vdi myc tieu day hoc ddt ra ban ddu. Tuy nhien, can luu y, neu ddi tugng cua DG KQHT ndm ngoai chu the DG thi ddi tugng ciia TDG KQHT Id yeu td ndm ngay chinh trong chu the DG.
Day chinh Id diem khdc biet de phdn biet giua DG vd TDG KQHT.
- Ve tieu chudn DG, cd DG vd TDG deu cdn cu tren cung mdt tieu chudn, tieu chudn dd chinh Id cdc myc tieu day hoc cua mdn hgc. Neu ngudi day vd ngudi hgc khong ndm vung myc tieu dgy hgc thi khong cd ca sd de ddi chieu, so sanh vdi thyc trgng hien cd vd khong the tien hanh DG vd TDG dugc.
- Ve myc dich, cd DG vd TDG dugc tien hanh de dgt cung mdt myc dich. Dd Id tren ca sd ket qua thu dugc, cd sy dieu chinh ve hogt ddng dgy vd hogt ddng hgc trong qua trinh dgy hgc. Qua ket qua DG, GV dieu chinh each dgy cua minh, dong thdi giup HS dieu chinh each hgc. Song, do chinh HS cung tien hanh TDG nen cung nhdn ra nhung diem yeu cua minh trong qua trinh HT, nen hg cung ty gidc ty dieu chinh hogt ddng HT sao cho phu hgp dudi sy dieu khien cua GV.
Ldm tdt dieu nay tgo ra sy cdng hudng thdng nhdt trong qua trinh dgy hgc, giup qua trinh dgy hgc cd chdt lugng cao
- Ve qua trinh thuc hien DG, cd DG vd TDG deu dugc thyc hien chii yeu qua cdc budc sau:
+ Thu thdp thdng tin ve KQHT cua ngudi hgc, tien hanh thdng qua cdc bdi kiem tra hang ngay vd bdi kiem tra thudng ki; + So sanh, ddi chieu thdng
tin dd thu dugc vdi myc tieu cua mdn hgc, cua qua trinh dgy hgc; + Chi ra muc dd dgt dugc cua cd nhdn ve KQHT so vdi myc tieu; + To thdi dd va dua ra ket lugn ve DG vd TDG
- Myc dich cudi cung cua DG tu phia GV ve KQHT cua ngudi hgc phdi dan den TDG d ngudi hgc. DG cua GV dugc thyc hien mdt each thudng xuyen, lien tyc, chinh xdc se hinh thdnh d ngudi hgc nhu cdu vd thdi quen TDG mdt each dung ddn, bien qua trinh dgy hgc thdnh qua trinh ty hgc mdt each dung nghTa.
DG vd TDG KQHT chi cd gid trj vd y nghTa neu dd Id sy DG dung ddn, chinh xdc, tuc Id DG dung thyc te, chi ra mdt each chinh xdc muc do dgt dugc ve KQHT d cd nhdn HS. Do GV Id nhung ngudi ndm vung myc tieu dgy hgc vd dugc ddo tgo ve kT ndng DG nen sy DG ciia hg Id ddng tin cdy. Bdi vdy, ngudi ta thudng lay DG cua GV Idm ca sd de kiem tra sy phu hgp trong TDG cua ngudi hgc. Neu TDG cua ngudi hgc phu hgp vai DG cua GV ve KQHT vd dung vdi thyc te, chung td ngudi hgc cd khd ndng nhdn thuc cao ve hogt ddng HT cua chinh minh. Dieu nay se giup hg ty tin dieu khien, dieu chinh hogt ddng HT cua ca nhdn de dat ket qua mong mudn. Dd cung Id myc dich md qua trinh dgy hgc hudng den. Qua day, ngudi dgy cung cdn nhdn thuc rd trdch nhiem cua minh trong qua trinh DG KQHT cua ngudi hgc, sao cho viec DG KQHT cua ngudi hgc luon dung ddn, chinh xdc vd cdng minh, tgo ca sd cho ngudi hgc thyc hien tdt viec TDG.
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Ngay nay, TDG KQHT trong qua trinh dgy hgc ngay cdng dugc coi trgng, bdi dd Id mot yeu td quan trgng phdt huy tinh ty gidc, tich eye, chu ddng - nhung phdm chdt khong the thieu de ngudi hgc cd the ty hgc hieu qua. Giua DG vd TDG KQHT cd mdi quan he khang khit vdi nhau, bdi the, trong qua trinh dgy hgc, GV cdn tich eye giup ngudi hgc hinh thdnh ndng lyc TDG KQHT dung ddn, qua dd, giup hg HT cd hieu qua vd dgt thdnh tich cao. •
Tai lieu tham khao
1. NguySn Ngoc Bao - Ha Thi Dire. Hoat dong day hoc d truong THCS. NXB Gido due, H 2001.
2. Le Ngoc Lan. Co so tdm li ciia gido due vd tu gido due. Bai giang danh cho sinh vien cao hoc, 2004.
3. Vu Thj Nho. "Tim hieu khai niem Tu danh gia".
Tap chi Tdm li hoc, so' 3/1998.
4. Tran Thi Tuyet Oanh. Danh gia va do luang ket qua hoc tap. NXB Dai hoc supham Hd Noi, H 2007.
Tap c h i Giao due so 2 6 2 (ki 2 - 5/201 n
