VEN mm
TRUNG QUOC SAU DAI HO118 DANG CONG SAN
NHONG VAN DE DiT RA CAN NGHIEN cdu
I. DAT V X N fit
Trung Qufi'c la nUde lang gieng Idn cua Viet Nam. Vl vay, tim h i l u nghien cQu, nh^n difin v l Trung Quoc tfl do dinh r a nhflng dd'i saeh thich hdp la n h u cdu quan trpng va biic thie't eua cae thg' hfi ngUdi Vigt N a m .
Gid day trong boi canh mdi cua hinh hinh the' gidi, t i n h h i n h mfii nUdc va quan he hai nUdc, dfie biet DCS Trung Quo'e vQa ket thiic Dai hpi 18, b a u ban lanh dao mdi. Vific nghien cQu mpt each tofin dien va cfi he tho'ng d l cfi t h l n h a n difin mfit each k h a c h q u a n va khoa hoc v l Trung Qufi'c lai cang q u a n trpng va vfi cung bQc thifi't.
U. B 6 I C A N H Q U d c t t , TINH HINH M 6 I NirOC VA QUAN Hfi HAI NUCC KHI BirdC VAO THi^P N I £ N THtT HAI COATHf K Y M O I
1. Tinh hinh qu6c tfe' va khu vuc
Sau khung h o a n g tai chinh toan cdu 2008 vfi 81^ ki$n dpng da't, sdng t h a n kdm
theo khiing hoang h a t nhfin d Nhfit Ban, tinh hinh kinh te thfi' gidi vfi khu vUc ehiu tac dpng n a n g n l , tiem fin nhflng n h a n tfi' khfing xae dinh va khfing dn dinh. Difi'u dang chii y la trong khi kinh tfi' thfi' gidi phuc hdi cham chap, t i l m fin nhifi'u rui ro thi khu vUe chau A - Thai Binh DUdng mac dii dang dQng trUde nhQng khfi khfin vfi thach thQc, nhUng ve tdng t h l vdn duy tri dupe xu the' phat trien tUdng dfi'i n h a n h , phat huy vai trd ngay eang nfi'i bat trong kinh te the' gidi.
Nhin len ban do the' gidi ta de dang n h a n thfi'y, trong sfi'5 nUde thufic nhdm BRICS thi 3 nude Nga, Trung Qufi'e, An Dp cfi bien gidi Uen k l , ne'u cpng them ASEAN thi day lfi mpt thi trUdng khfi'ng Id vdi khoang 3,5 ty ngUdi, chifi'm gdn V2 dan sd thfi' gidi. Chinh dieu ki la nfiy dfi dan den nhQng du bao khfing t h l khfing lac quan khi cho r a n g ehau A - Thai Binh DUdng va An Dp DUdng se la t r u n g tam phat t r i l n cua t h e gidi trong the^ ky mdi.
Dieu dfi lfim cho xu t h l ' the gidi d thfip ky thfl 2 cua the' ky mdi se cfi 3 khfing thay dfi'i va 4 t h a y ddi mdi.
NGHllN CUU TRUNG OU(lC so 1(137) - 2013 .
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Ba xu thi'khdng thay doi bao gom:
• N h u da nfii d trfin, t u y bfi' cue k i n h te' thg' gidi CO sU t h a y ddi, nhifng xu the todn cdu hda kinh te' ngky cang p h a t trien di s a u la k h d n g t h a y dfi'i;
- De dfii phfi vdi nhiing khfi k h a n va thach thQc hifin nay, Chinh p h u cac nUdc d cac mQe dp k h a c n h a u deu cd sU can thiep nha't dinh vao sU v a n h a n h cua thi trUdng, nhUng xu the thi tritdng tie'p tuc phdt huy vai trb trong phdn bo nguon lite vfin khfing t h a y dfii;
- Mac dli hien n a y d k h u vUe n a y h a y k h u VUc k h a c t r e n the' gidi, t r a n h cha'p va xung dot cue bp ed t h l p h a t sinh, cae va'n de an n i n h phi t r u y e n thfi'ng ngay cang nfi'i bfit, nhUng3:u the'hba binh, hOp tdc vd phdt trien ciia the' gidi vfin khdng thay ddi.
Con bd'n thay ddi mdi, bao gdm:
- Su p h a t trign eua cac n g a n h nghe mdi trong linh vUc khoa hpe cfing nghe se CO budc dot pha mdi;
- Do ke't ea'u n h u cdu cua thfi' gidi thay doi, nen sU canh t r a n h xung quanh cac van de nhU thi trUdng, tai nguyen cfing nghe, nha't la n h a n tai, v.v... se kich liet hdn;
- Do nhQng va'n d l mang t i n h toan cdu n h u bie'n dfi'i khi hfiu, an ninh lUdng thuc, an ninh nfing lUdng..v..v..ngay cang ndi bat, n e n xu thfi' cac nude p h a i chuyen dfi'i md h i n h p h a t t r i l n h a y md hinh t a n g trUdng se t a n g cUdng hdn nQa;
- Sau k h u n g h o a n g t a i ehinh, tUdng quan lUc lUdng gifla cae nUdc Idn se t h a y dfi'i, xu the' eac nUdc thupc nhfim BRICS - trong dfi cd T r u n g Quo'c tich cQc t h a m
gia vao viec cai each cac d i n h che qufic te se tfing cudng h d n nfla. Dieu n a y tao ra mfit t h a c h thQc doi vdi My va cac nudc phUdng Tay - bdi le, nhiing "luat chdi'' quo'c t e trUdc d a y t h u d n g do My va p h u p n g Tay d i n h r a .
2. T i n h h i n h mdi nirdc va q u a n he hai nirdc
La h a i n l n k i n h te' cfi dp md cao, nen tac dpng cua t i n h h i n h k i n h t e thfi* gidi vfi k h u vQc doi vdi Viet N a m va Trung Quo'c la khdng t r a n h khdi. Tuy nhien, vdi sU nfi llic va quye't t a m eao cung vfii nhQng giai p h a p quye't ligt cua Chinh phli, nha't la t r o n g viee dn dinh kinh te vi mfi, n e n k i n h t e h a i nUdc da nhanh chfing p h u c hdi vdi to'c dp tfing trUdng tUdng dfi'i eao. D i l u d a n g chii y la ca hai nude d i u da nhfin thflc dUdc nhflng kho khfin va t h a e h thQc chUa tifng cfi, khong chay theo to'c dp tfing trUdng, ma d i u coi trpng vfi'n d l cha't lupng va hieu qua tfing trudng. P h i a Viet N a m nhfi'n manh vfi'n de tai cd cfi'u gan vdi ddi mdi mfi hinh tfing trudng vdi 3 trpng t a m la tai cSii tnic dau t u cfing, ngan h a n g va doanh nghiep nha nude. Cdn phia T r u n g Qufic dfit vSh de "fi'y chuyen dfi'i phUdng thQc phat triln kinh tfi' la tuyg'n chinh", "thuc d^y dieu chinh m a n g tinh chifih lUdc dfii vdi ket cSii kinh tg', thiic d^y nh§Lt t h l hda phat trien t h a n h thi va ndng thfin, n a n g cao toan difin raQc dfi kinh te md." v.v...
Ve q u a n h e h a i nUdc, sU p h a t triln n h a n h ehdng, t o a n difin va s a u rfing tren cac linh vUc giQa h a i nUdc tQ khi binb t h u d n g hfia dg'n nay, d a t n l n t a n g nhdt dinh eho q u a n hfi h a i nudc t i l p tuc phat
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' NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 1(137) - 2013Trung Quoc sau Dai hpi 18 Dang Cgng san...
trien trong thdi gian tdi. Trong quan hfi hai nUdc, B i l n Dong la va'n d l Ifin nha't, khfi nha't va ciing phQc t a p nhtft. Tuy nhien, Bien Dfing khfing phai Ifi tofin bfi quan he Viet Trung. Chuyfi'n t h a m chinh thQc ciia To'ng Bi thU Nguyfin P h u Trpng vfi chuyg'n thfim Vigt Nam cua Phfi Chu tieh T r u n g Qufi'c Tap Cfin Binh trong nfim 2011; eufic gap gifla Chu tich nUdc TrUdng Tfi'n Sang va Chu tich Trung Qufi'c Hd Cam Dao ben II Hpi nghi ThUdng dinh APEC d Nga vfi eufic gap gd gifla T h u tudng N g u y i n Tfi'n Dung vfi Phfi Chu tieh Tfip Cfin Binh tai Hpi chp Trung Qufi'c - ASEAN b Nam Ninh thang 9 - 2012, l a n h dao cfi'p eao hai nUde da dat dupe nhQng n h a n thQc chung quan trpng — theo dd phia Viet Nam de nghi va'n d l B i l n Dfing can dUdc giai quyg't bang thUdng lUdng hda binh theo cac nguyen tfic va t a p quan qufi'c te', trong dd co Cong Ude Lien hdp qufi'e ve Luat Bien. Hai bfin cung da ky kg't Thda thufin v l cac nguyen tfic cd b a n giai quye't cac va'n de t r e n bien, tao cd sd cho vific dam p h a n giai quyg't Biln Dfing trong thdi gian tdi.
Nhflng d i l u t r i n h bay tren day cho tha'y, bude sang t h a p nien thfl 2 cua thg' ky mdi, tinh hinh the' gidi, k h u vUc, tinh hinh moi nUde va q u a n hg h a i nQdc da xu^t hign nhflng va'n de mdi - t h a m chi trUdc day ehUa tiing co.
HI. DINH HI/6NG NGHIEN ClJU TRUNG QU6C TRONG T H 6 I GIAN T O I
1. Nhfirng dinh hird^ng chung Vi^c nghign eQu v l T r u n g Qufi'c cdn dupc t r i l n khai t o a n di^n va he thfi'ng
vdi sU t h a m gia cua n h i l u ngudi, n h i l u nganh thuflc n h i l u linh vUc khac nhau.
Tuy nhien, theo ehung toi, thdi gian tdi chung ta vdn n e n t a p t r u n g vao 3 hQdng ehinh sau day.
Mgt Id, nghifin cQu ve Trung Qufi'e truyfi'n tho'ng - lay md'c tfl nfim 1949 trd v l trUdc;
Hai Id, nghifin cQu ve Trung Qufi'c dUdng dai, Ifi'y mfi'c tfl sau nfim 1949, nhUng chu ye'u tfl khi cai each md eiia nfim 1979 dfi'n nay.
Ba la, nghign cQu v l quan he Viet - Trung, ca lieh stf, hifin tai, chu yi'n tQ khi thie't Ifip quan he ngoai giao nam 1950, trong dfi trpng tam la tQ khi binh thudng hoa quan hfi nfim 1991 de'n nay.
Ba hudng nghien cflu ldn trgn day cd quan he mfit thig't, bo sung cho nhau va tac dpng lan nhau. Nghifin cQu Trung Qufi'c truyen tho'ng gdp phdn lam ro hdn v l Trung Qud'e dUdrg dai va nhflng va'n de lich sii vfin hoa Viet Nam. Nghien cQu Trung Qufi'c dUdng dai lfi trpng difim, trong dfi tap t r u n g nghien cQu sQ phat t r i l n hay trfii day cua Trung Qufi'c vfi tae dpng cua nd de'n tinh hinh the' gidi, khu vUe va Vifit Nam. Nghien cQu quan he Viet - Trung lfi muc tieu cufi'i eiing edn dat de'n, nhfim gdp phan cung ca^p lu^n cQ khoa bpc cho viec hoaeh dinh chinh sach, qua dd duy tri tinh hQu nghi va hpp tac toan difin giQa hai Dang, hai nUdc ciing nhU de xua't nhQng kie'n nghi v l ddi sach trong giai quye't cae vfi'n d l edn tdn tai cua quan he Viet - Trung trong bfii canh mdi.
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2. Mpt sd ITnh vuc nghien cihi cu the Dai hpi XVIII DCS T r u n g Qufi'c vQa kfi't thiic da dUa r a nhQng ehu trUdng chinh saeh mdi cho 10 n a m tdi va b a u b a n lanh dao mdi cua D a n g - ma theo thdng lg cung keo dai k h o a n g 10 nfim.
Bao cao ehinh tri dUdc t r i n h bay t a i Dai hpi co tdi 23 d i l m mdi the hien t u duy, quan d i l m va ly giai mdi v l ngpn cd, t u tudng chi dao, ly l u a n vfi eon dudng xfiy dung CNXH dac sfic T r u n g Qufi'c...
0 day, chiing tfii ehi xin d l cap mpt so' linh vUc chu yg'u mfi Viet N a m edn tap t r u n g nghien eflu.
Mgt Id, ve xay d u n g k i n h te' t a p t r u n g nghien cQu va'n de hoan thien t h e chg' kinh te' thi trUdng va c h u y i n dfi'i phUdng thflc p h a t trien kinh te' ciia Trung Quo'c vdi 5 nhfim giai phap ldn, trong do nfin di sau vac tim higu d a n h gia va'n de cai each t h l che' va k i n h tfi' do'i ngoai nhU: Va'n de xif ly mfii q u a n he gifla n h a nUdc va thi trUdng, cai each theo hudng thi trUdng hoa lai sua't va ty gia, thiic hien ddng N h a n d a n te tU do chuyin dfi'i - mpt bUdc tie'n quan trpng dfi thUe hien quo'e te' hoa ddng Nhfin d a n te;
vfi'n d l "thu hiit ngudn vao" (bao gdm t h u h u t vfi'n, efing nghe va cha't xam) va
"md rpng ngufin ra" — trong do cfi vfi'n de gia tfing hpp tac md cifa t i l u viing, gia tfing xay dQng cac k h u m a u dich tU do ke't no'i vdi cac nUdc xung quanh v.v...
Hai Id, ve xay dung ehinh tri, tap t r u n g nghien cflu va'n de p h a t trien chinh tri va cai each the chg' chinh tri, vdi 7 nhfim giai p h a p ldn, trong dd n e n di sau nghien cflu va'n de phat t r i l n dan chu nhan dan vfi mfii quan hfi gifla no vdi dan
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chu XHCN; vaii d l xay dQng va k i l n toan he thong k i l m soat quyfiV iQe - mfit vaii de thufic ve 'Ifii he thohg", vQa nhay cam vita phQe t a p chQa dQng nhieV rui ro trong hg thfi'ng chinh tri hien h a n h , theo dd nlu q u y i n iQe khfing dUdc k i l m scat thi se hi Ipi dung, lam dung, t h a m n h u n g va thoai hoa la khong t r a n h khdi, v.v...
Ba Id, v l xay dUng v a n hoa, t a p trung nghign cQu va'n d l xay dUng cUdng quic vfin hoa, vdi 4 n h d m giai p h a p ldn trong do trpng t a m la va'n de n a n g eao siic m a n h m i m v a n hoa qufi'e gia, vfi'n de n a n g cao t r i n h dp quy md hoa tap t r u n g hda va ehuyen nghigp hoa trong linh vUc cfing nghiep v a n hoa, v.v...
Bd'n la, v$ m a t xay diing xa hpi, nghign cQu vfi'n de cai thien d a n sinh va quan ly xa hfii vdi 6 nhfim giai phap, trong dfi cd va'n d l xay dUng he thong dieh vu cfing ed ban, vfi'n de kifin toan thi trUdng Iao dpng va mdi q u a n hfi giQa lao dpng vdi tien lUdng, vfiii d l cai each chS dp p h a n phfii t h u n h a p - mot vfi'n de ma da 8 nfim n a y phUdng an cai each ehe' do p h a n phoi t h u n h a p v a n chUa dupc thong qua do sU can trd ciia cac tap doan ldi ich (bao gdm t a p doan ldi ieh quyen quy, t a p doan ldi ich dpe q u y i n , tap doan ldi ich ba't dfing s a n va t a i nguyen).
Ndm Id, v l m a t xay dUng vfin minh sinh thai, day la mflt npi d u n g hay tru edt mdi cua CNXH dae sfic Trung Qudc bao gdm k i n h te', chinh tri, vfin hoa, xa hpi va v a n m i n h s i n h thai, trong do tap t r u n g n g h i e n cQu vfi'n d l mo hinh p h a t t r i l n mdi gdm p h a t t r i l n xanh, p h a t t r i l n t u d n hoan, p h a t t r i l n it cdc- bon, nha't la viec n e u len q u a n dilm
NGHIEN Clhl TRUNG QUOC so 1(137) -2013
Trung Qudc sau Dai hgi 18 Dang Cpng san...
nang cao n a n g Iuc k h a i t h a c tai nguyfin biln, p h a t t r i l n k i n h te' b i l n , bao ve mfii trUdng sinh t h a i bien va xay dung cUdng qude bien, v.v...
Sdu la, v l vfi'n d l hien dai boa qud'e phdng va q u a n dfii, co mpt loat quan dilm va each d a t vfi'n d l mdi cdn dupe quan tam nghien cQu nhU: Va'n d l thUe hien cd gidi hoa va xfiy dung thfing tin hoa trong qufin dpi, vfi'n d l an ninh bien, an ninh vu t r u va an ninh khdng gian mang; ngoai r a can tim higu lam ro npi hfim mpt so' k h a i niem nhU "an ninh cd't loi qufi'e gia" - eo ^ giong va khae n h a u vdi eae khai niem "an ninh qufi'e gia" va
"lpi ich cfi't loi", hay vfi'n d l nang cao nfing lUc d a n h thfing chien t r a n h cue bfi trong d i l u kien thdng tin hoa la the' nao va dia ban d dau v.v...
Bdy la, v l va'n d l dfii ngoai, eiing ed mfit loat npi dung cdn tim h i l u , nghien cflu nhu va'n d l gpi lfi p h a t huy tinh thdn "binh dfing cung ed Idi, bao dung hpe tap lan n h a u , hpp tac eung thfing"
trong quan he qud'e te'. Dac bifit la thQ t u Uu tifin vdi cac dfii tae trong ehinh sach dfii ngoai nhU: Cai thifin vfi p h a t trien quan hfi vdi cdc nitdc phdt trien, xay dpng quan he nUdc ldn kieu mdi p h a t trign Ifinh m a n h va dn dinh lau dai;
Cling cfi' hdp tac eung ed ldi thfin thien va hflu nghi vdi cdc nitdc ldng giing; tfing CLfdng hpp tac dofin kfi't vdi cdc nUdc dang phdt trien; ti'ch cQc t h a m gia hdp tac da phUdng; t h u c da'y ngoai giao cfing chiing va ngoai giao n h a n van; trien khai giao iQu hQu nghi vdi cac ehinh dang va td chQe chinh tri, v.v...
Tdm Id, v l va'n de xay dUng Dang, mpt vfi'n d l q u a n trpng qua dfi tiep tue duy tri dia vi h a t nhfin lanh dao cua Dang doi vdi xa hpi. O dfiy cfi mot loat vfi'n dt cdn tifi^p tuc nghien cQu lam ro bao gdm: Va'n de giai quyg't nhQng thaeh thQc va nguy ed trUfic sU edm quyin eua Dang trong dfi co thach thQc ve cam quyen va nguy ed xa rdi quan chung cua Dang; vfi^n d l xay dQng mfi hinh chinh dang kifiu mdi bao gdm chinh dang bpc tap, chinh dang phuc vu vfi chinh dang sang tao. Cdn trong 8 nhom giai phap Idn neu len co vfi'n d l p h a t trien dan chu trong Dang - ddng thdi xem day la sinh menh eiia Dang; vfi'n de xay dQng dpi ngii cot cfin cdm quyen ed t n n h dp cao nham thich flng vdi tinh hinh mdi phat t r i l n kinh tfi' thi trUdng va md e^a hpi n h a p qufi'c tfi' ngay cang sau rpng, v.v...
Chin la, vi quan he Viet — Trung vd trii'n vgng hop tdc giiia hai Ddng, hai nitdc trong thdi gian tdi. Dfiy lfi vfi'n d l quan trpng nhfi't, vQ a la van d l thupe y thQc cfing dfin vQa la vfi'n d l thupc dao dQc nghe nghifip cua eac nhfi Trung Qud'e hoc Vifit Nam. Doi vdi Trung Quo'c, theo vfin kien Dai hpi XVIII DCS Trung Qufi'c, Viet Nam viia la nUde lang gilng, vfla lfi nUde dang phat trifin va vQa la nude nfim trong ngoai giao chinh dang eua Trung Qud'e, vi thfi' • ve sfip xg'p theo thfl tu Uu tign: Lang gilng la thU 2, dang phat t r i l n la thfl 3 va chinh dang lfi thQ 6 trong chinh sach doi ngoai cua Trung Qufi'c. Trong quan hfi vdi cac nUdc Dong Nam A, Viet Nam la mpt trong bfi'n nUde Trung Quoc xfiy dung doi tfic hdp tae chig'n lupe toan dien (bao gdm Viet Nam,
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Lfio, Cam-pu-chia va Mi-an-ma). Tuy nhien, doi vdi Vifit N a m , T r u n g Qufi'c la nUde cfi vi t r i q u a n t r p n g trong chinh sach dfii ngoai cua Viet N a m , T r u n g Qufi'c hien la nUdc duy nhfi't Viet N a m xay dUng q u a n h e dfii t a e hpp tac chifi'n lUdc toan dien.
Trong thdi gian tdi, nghien eflu v l quan he Viet - T r u n g can dat t r o n g bdl canh qufi'c te', k h u vUc, t i n h h i n h moi nUde va b a n t h a n moi q u a n he h a i nQdc d l n h a n dien. Ddng thdi edn tim hifiu nghifin cQu q u a n h e Trung Qufi'e - My, Trung Qufi'c - ASEAN, tfl do d a t q u a n he Vifit - Trung trong h a i cap q u a n he t a m giac Trung Quo'c - My Viet N a m va Trung Quo'c - ASEAN - Viet Nam. Ngoai ra, ciing can dat q u a n he Viet N a m — Trung Qufi'c trong tong the quan he h a i nUde, bao gdm ca chinh tri, kinh tfi', qufi'c phdng, an ninh, v.v... NhU vay, viec nghien cflu q u a n hfi Vifit — T r u n g se toan dien hdn va viee de xua't kig'n nghi se khach quan vfi khoa hpe hdn. Theo toi, v l mat hdp tac, cac n h a khoa hoc va nghien cQu ly luan h a i nUfic co the hdp tac nghien cQu va'n de xay dUng Dang, trong do CO van d l q u a n he giQa D a n g vdi Dan va va'n de kiem soat q u y i n lUc;
va'n de quan ly da't nUdc, trong dfi cfi vfi'n d l giai quye't nhQng vfi'n d l n a y sinh trong qua trinh dfi'i mdi va eai each md cifa d hai ni:dc nhU vfi'n de giao due, y tfi', viec Iam, an sinh xa hpi.v.v....
Tdm lgi, la hai nUdc lang g i l n g niii liln nui sfing l i l n sfing - cung cd nghia khfing thfi di c h u y i n di d a u dUpc. Trong lich sit, fing cha t a nhd n h a n difin d u n g dfin v l b a n chfi't cua T r u n g Qufi'c nen
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da d i n h r a dupc nhQng dfii sach thich hdp. Nhd vfiy, ong cha t a khfing nhQng ehl d u n g nUdc mfi con gifl dUdc dtft nudc, khong bi ddng h d a hoac diet vong. Gid dfiy, dQng trQde sQ trfii day cua Trung Qudc, de cfi t h l b i n h d a n g t r o n g quan hfi vdi nQdc nay, Vifit N a m cdn tich cQc va chu dpng t r o n g vific t a o the' va lUc d l khdng hi cufi'n hiit mot each bi dpng vao sQ trfii dfiy cua T r u n g Qud'c. Mufi'n ed the va luc mdi, k h d n g cfi each nao khac - DCS Viet N a m , ngUdi khdi xUdng va l a n h dao sU nghigp doi mdi p h a i tich cUc va chu dfing t r o n g vigc cai each the che n h a m p h a t h u y sQc m a n h cua toan dan tpc. Cdn v l m a t md c^a, Vigt N a m cung can t h a o gS the ehe d l khfing nhflng thu h u t vfi'n, cfing n g h e ma cdn t h u hQt ca n h a n tai cae nUde p h a t trien ddn Viet N a m . Suy cho ciing, giai bai toan phat t r i l n cua Vifit N a m - de Viet N a m khfing bi lfi thufic, p h u thupe vao sU trfli dfiy cua Trung Qud'c, DCS V i e t N a m phai co tdm n h i n lau dai va toan cue, tieh cUc va ehu dpng eai each ve m a t t h e chfi'. Mot ldn nfla bai hoc lich sii dUdc lap lai - doi dign vdi sU trfii day cua T r u n g Qufi'c va sU duy tri dia vi ba c h u cua My, Viet N a m khfing cfi lua chpn nao khde la dgc lap tit chu, dgt lai ich quoc gia len tren he't, quyl^t t a m eai each t h e che nham k h a i thae va p h a t h u y mpi t i l m nang b e n trong va ben ngoai, tii dd n a n g cao the' va luc, cfi t h e s a n h vai binh dfing vdi ca T r u n g Quoe va My. T r o n g su nghiep ldn lao dfi, rfi^t cdn sU ddng gfip ciia cac n h a khoa hpe, t r o n g dd efi eac n h a Trung Qufi'c hpe Vifit N a m .
NGHIEN Clhl TRUNG QUOC so 1 ( 1 3 7 ) - 2 0 1 3
