KY NIEM 90 NAM NGAY THANH lAP DANG CONG SAN VIET NAM (3/2/1930 • 3^2020)
DANG CONG SAN VIET NAM - CHANG Dl/dNG 90 NAM XAY Dl/NG VA PHAT TRIEN VOfNG MANH
TS. NGUYEN TIEN D^O Phd Bi thu Thudng true Bdng uy Bp Npi vu
NhOng diing loi vi dai trong 90 nim qua kg td ngiy ed Bing linh dao la minh chdng sinh dgng nhit vg ning luc litib dao ddng din, sing tao cua Bing vi sire manh to lim cda nhin din ta. Bing di khdng ngimg tif ddi mdi, dip dng yiu ciu, nhigm v^ cich mang ttude bdi dnh thg gidl cd nhigu tiign hign phirc tap. Bing di dinh khdng it thdi gian vi edng sdc cho cdng tic xiy difng Bing coi xiy difiig Bing linhi$m vy then chdt, duaeditra trongnhlgu nghjquygt, chi thj cda Bing. 90 nim xiy difngvi trudng thinb, Bing tadi ghi nhung mde son chdilqi trgn ching dudng phit trign cda dit nude.
Tirkhda: Bing Cdng sin Viet Nam; nhdng mde son ehdi loi; Bang linh dao; dit nude phit trign.
Tbe Part/s^eat victories over tbe past 90 years since its leadership is the most vivid evidence of its smart and creative leadership and tbe great strength ofthe people. The Party has constantiy renovated Itself to meet the revolutionary requirements and tasks m tbe context ofcompUeated developments in the world. It has spent time and effort in tbe Party builtllng woik and considering this activity a key task in the Party's resolutions and tlirectives. With 90 years ofbuUding and development die Communist Party ofVietnam has marked brilliant milestones In the country's development journey.
Keywords: The Communist Party of Vietnam; brilliant milestones; Party leadership;
country development.
NGAYNH^: 18/11/2019 NGAYPHANB1SN,DANHGIA: 02/12/2019 NGAYDUYST: 10/01/2020
N
gay tu khi mdi ra ddi, Dang da nam bdt diing xu th? pliat trien cua thoi dai, g4n phong trao each mang Viet Nam vai phong trao each mang the gioi, giai quyet diing ddn van ii doc lap dan toe voi chii nghia xa hpi. Tren con duong phat trien cua each mang Viet Nam, Dang ta da khong ngimg dua ra nhiing quyet sach phu hop, dap ling yeu cdu Hch sii, vugt qua mpi khokhan, thii thach, dua nuoc nha di tir thdng loi nay den thang loi khac. 90 nam xay dung va truong thanh. Dang ta da ghi nhung moc son choi loi tren chang duong phat trien cua dat nuoc.
1. DSng lanh dao ddu tranh gianh chinh quyto (1930-1945)
Sau khi ra doi. Dang da lanh dao nhan dan dau tranh giai phong dan tpc, gianh
TAP CHf Q U A N L Y N H A N I / ( J C - S O 288 (1/2020)
<X)uan §anh Qii - 2020 chinh quyen voi 3 cao trao each mang co y
nghia to Ion dua den thdng loi ciia cupc Cach mang thang Tam nam 1945. Do la:
- Cao trao each mang 1930 - 1931 ma dinh cao la phong trao X6 Viet - Nghe Tinh da lam rung chuy& chi dp thong tri ciia dfi quoc Phap va tay sai. Dual su lanh dao cua Dang, quan chung each mang da viing day trvmg tn bpn cuong hap, phan dong, tay sai thuc dan Phap, thanh lap chinh quyen each mang o mpt sp noi theo Mnh thiic X6 Vigt.
Cao trao each mang 1930 - 1931 da khdng dinh duong loi each mang Viet Nam do Dang di ta la ddng ddn va di lai nhung bai hpc quy bau ve xay dung Uen minh cong - nong, ve xay dung Mat tran Dan tpc thSng nhat, ve phat dpng phong trao quan chung dau tranh gianh va bao ve chinh quyen.
- Cao trao each mang doi dan sinh, dan chii (1936 -1939): bang sire manh doan kft ciia qudn chung, duoi su lanh dao ciia Dang da bupe chinh quyen thuc dan phai nhupng bp mpt so yeu sach ve dan sinh, dan chii:
quan chiing duoc giac ngO ve chinh trj va tro thanh luc lupng chinh tri himg hau cua each mang; Dang da tieh Ifly dupe nhieu bai hpc kinh nghiem trong viee xay dung Mat tran Dan tpc thong nhat, kinh nghiem td ehiie, lanh dao quan chung dau tranh cong khai, hpp phap...
- Cao trao each mang giai phong dan tpc (1939 - 1945) duoi su lanh dao sang suot, kien quygt ciia Dang, diing dau la Lanh tu NguySn Ai Quoc cung voi su doan ket hang hai, chien dau ngoan cuong va hy sinh to Ion cua biet bao dang vien epng san, chien si va ddng bao yeu nude da kdt thuc thdng ipi bdng eude Cach mang thang Tam nam 1945.
Thdng loi eua Cach mang thang Tam nam 1945 da pha tan su thong tri eia thirc dan gan mdt tram nam va lat dd che dp phong kidn de ndng len nhan dan ta may muoi the k^, mo ra budc ngoat vi dai cua
edeh mang, dua dan tpc Viet Nam huoc sang ky nguyen mdi; ky nguyen dpe lap dan tdc gdn lien vdi chii nghia xa hdi (CISIXH), nhan dan ta tir than phan nd le dd trd thanh ngudi lam chu ddt nude, lam ehii xd hpi. Ngay 02/9/1945, tai quang trudng Ba Dinh lich sir, Chii tieh Hd Chi Minh dd dpe ban Tuyen ngdn ddc lap khai sinh ra nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda, nay la nude Cdng hda xd hdi chu nghia Viet Nam - Nha nude edng ndng ddu tien b Ddng Nam chau A. Khdi quat y nghia lich sii cua Cach mang thdng Tdm nam 1945, Chii tieh Hd Chf Minh khdng dinh: "Chdng nhOng giai cap Iao ddng vd Nhan dan Viet Nam ta cd the tu hao, ma giai cap Iao ddng va nhung dan tde b j dp biic noi khac eung cd the tu hdo rang: lan nay la lan ddu tien trong ljeh su each mang cua cdc ddn tde thude dia, mdt Dang mdi 15 tudl dd ldnh dao each mang thanh cdng, da ndm chinh quyen todn qudc" ^
2. Ddng ldnh dao ddu tranh gidi phdng dan tdc vd thdng nhdt ddt nuoc (1945 -1975) XAy dung va bio vg chinh quyen cich mang, toin qudc khang chien chdng thuc din Phip vi can thigp My (1945 -1954).
Tir ndm 1945 - 1946, Dang ta ma dung ddu la Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da lanh dao xdy dung vd eiing cd viing chde ehinh quygn nhan dan, bau eir Qudc hpi nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda (06/01/1946); xay dung vd thdng qua Hien phap dan ehu ddu tien (09/11/1946); cham Ip xay dung chg dp moi, ddi sdng mdi cua nhan dan, chdng gidc ddi, giac ddt, gidc ngoai xdm; td ehiic khdng chien chdng thuc dan Phdp d Nam Bg va Nam Trung Bd vdi su ling hg vd chi vien eiia cd nude; kien quygt tran dp cae thg luc phan edeh mang, bao ve chinh quyen va thanh qua Cdch mang thdng Tam; ddng thdi thue hanh saeh luge khdn kheo, dua each mang vugt qua nhimg thir thdeh hiem ngheo. Dang da chu ddng ehuan hi nhiing dieu kien can thiet
TAP CHi Q U A N LY N H A NlfCIC - S6 288 (1/2020)
MCTNG OANG - M C / N G X U A N - MCTNG BAT NUtSc PHAT TRIEN
de ddi phd vol cupc chien tranh xdm luge cua thue dan Phdp tren pham vi ea nude.
Thang 12/1946, trudc da tam xdm luge nude ta mdt lan niia eua thue dan Phdp, Ddng vd Chi tieh Hd Chi Minh da phdt ddng toan qude khdng chign vdi quygt tam
"Chung ta tha hy sinh tdt ea chu nhdt dinh khdng chju mdt nude, khdng chju lam nd le"^. Bdng dudng loi khang chign toan ddn, toan dien, lau dai, dua vao siie minh la chinh, ddng thdi tranh thii su ddng tinh vd ung hd cua ban be qudc tg, Dang da lanh dao nhdn dan ta Idn lupt ddnh bai cae ke hoach chign tranh cua thuc dan Phdp gianh thdng Igi ma dinh cao la chign thdng Ijch sir Dien Bign Phu "limg Idy ndm chdu, chan ddng dia cau", budc Chinh phu Phap phai ky kgt Hiep dinh Gio-ne-vo chdm dirt su thdng tri ciia thuc ddn Phdp d nude ta.
Khing chien chdng My, cuu nude va xay dung chu nghia xa hdi a mien Bae (1954 -1975).
Sau khi Hiep dinh Gio-ne-vo dupe ky ket, mien Bac hoan toan giai phdng, nhdn ddn ta bdt tay vao xay dung, khdi phuc kinh te - van hda, xay dung CNXH. Trong khi dd, 6 mien Nam, dg qudc My pha hoal Hiep dinh Gio- ne-vo, hdt ehdn thue dan Phap, bien mign Nam thanh thude dia kigu mdi va can ctr quan su eiia chung. Nhiem vu cua Dang ta trong giai doan nay hgt sire ndng ne, dd la phai lanh dao each mang Viet Nam tign hdnh ddng thdi hai nhiem vu chign lupe gdm cdch mang dan tdc dan chii nhdn dan d mien Nam va each mang xa hdi chu nghia d mien Bde.
Dang ta dd lanh dao toan dan neu cao quygt tam ddnh My, thue hien dudng Idi ehign tranh nhdn dan bang tdm cao khoa hoc vd nghe thuat. Vdi mdt de qude hiing manh bac nhat the gidi. Dang ta ehu truong ddnh Idu ddi; kgt hgp ddu tranh chinh tri vdi ddu tranh vu trang va hoat ddng binh van;
kgt hgp tign edng vd ndi day, tign hdnh dau tranh tren ca ba viing (ddng bdng, thanh thi vd mign nui); kgt hgp mat trdn quan su, chfnh tri vdi mat trdn ngoai giao; phdt huy cao dp ehii nghia yeu nude vd ehil nghia anh hung edeh mang; phdt huy sire manh dai dodn kgt toan ddn tdc va sue manh thdi dai.
Bdng dudng Idi lanh dao diing dan, sang sudt va tinh than ddu ttanh anh dflng kign cudng, bat khuat, bat chdp mgi gian khd hy sinh eiia nhan dan ta, eung vdi su giup do to Idn cua cac nude xd hdi chii nghia va nhan dan ygu chuong hda binh trgn thg gidi. Dang da ldnh dao nhdn dan ta Idn lugt ddnh bai eac chign luge chign tranh tan bao eda dg qudc My, gianh nhieu thdng Igi ve vang ma dinh cao la chign dich Hd Chi Minh lich sir, kgt thhc 30 nam chien tranh giai phdng ddn tdc, giai phdng hoan loan mien Nam, thdng nhat Td qude. Ddy Id mdt trong nhiing trang ehdi loi nhat eiia lieh sir ddn tdc, Id mpt su kien cd tdm qude tg va ed tinh thdi dai sdu sdc.
Song song vdi cupc khdng chign chdng My, ciru nude, Dang da lanh dao nhan dan mien Bdc khde phue hdu qua ehign tranh, khdi phue kinh tg - xa hdi, tign hdnh eai tao xa hdi chu nghia vd dua mien Bdc qua dp len CNXH. Sau 21 nam xay dung CNXH, mien Bde da gianh dugc nhimg thanh tuu quan trpng, chudn bi co sdvat chat, ky thuat ban dau cho CNXH; vira san xuat, vira ehign dau va ehi vien siic nguoi, sue eiia, hodn thdnh vai trd hdu phuong Idn doi vdi tien tuygn Idn midn Nam.
3. Thdi ky tign hdnh edeh mang xa hpi ehii nghia tren cd nude, thue hi$n edng eude ddi mdi ddt nuoc t i ndm 1975 dgn nay
Sau chign tranh giai phdng mien Nam, thdng nhdt Td qudc, dat nude ta gap mudn van khd khdn, Ddng da lanh dao nhan dan vira ra sire khdi phue kinh tg vira tien hanh hai cupc chign tranh chong xdm luoc bien
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A NlTtSC - SO 288 (1/2020)
%udti &anjk Q4^ - 2020
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Bang Cong s^^Mn 'tmfril^dn! Si dam in ngcn th01uac Nuac Viet Nar^j^^van Tei! Hoa thim t/a igdt cm Nguai'
^ Nguyin Vdn Long (Dd Ndng)
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gidi phia Bac va Tay Nam, bao ve dpe lap chu quyen, todn ven lanh thd qudc gia; ddng thdi, tap trung lanh dao xdy dung eo sd vdt chdt eua CNXH, tirng bude hinh thanh co edu kinh te mdi trong ea nude, cai thien ddi sdng viit chdt, tinh than ciia nhan ddn Iao ddng. Tuy nhien, viee duy tri Idu dai md hinh, co ehe kinh tg tap trung bao cap khdng cdn phu hgp va dd hoc 16 nhiing ban chg, nhugc digm; viec hoach dinh va thuc hien dudng loi cdch mang xd hdi chii nghia, ed luc, cd noi dd mde sai 1dm khuygt digm chu quan, duy y chi. Dd eung la mdt trong nhiing nguygn nhan dan dgn su tri tre, khiing hoang kinh tg - xa hdi trong nhimg nam ddu ea nude di len CNXH.
Trudc nhtrng thdeh thiic ciia thdi ky mdi.
Dang ta da tdng kgt thue tien, tim tdi, hoaeh dinh dudng Idi ddi mdi, ban hanh Nghi quygt sd 21-NQ/TW ngay 20/9/1979 ciia Hdi nghi Trung uong 6 [khda IV) vg "Phuong hudng nhiem vu phdt trign edng nghiep hang tigu dung vd cdng nghiep dia phuong"; Chi thi sd 100-CT/TWngay 13/01/1981 eua Ban Bi thu vg "Cdi tien cdng tde khoan, md rpng khodn sdn phdm den nhdm Iao ddng va ngudi Iao ddng ttong hpp tae xa ndng nghiep"; Quygt dinh sd 25/QD-CP ngay 21/01/1981 cua Chinh phii vg ddi mdi quan ly kinh tg qudc doanh; Nghi quygt Hdi nghi Trung uong 8, khda V (thang 6/1985) thiia nhan san xudt hdng hda va nhiing quy luat ciia sdn xuat hang hda; Kdt luan eua Bd Chinh tri (thdng 8/1986) ve ba quan digm kinh tg trong tinh hinh mdi...
Tren co sd ddnh gid tinh hinh dat nude vd qua qua ttinh tim tdi, khao nghiem, Dai hdi VI eua Dang (thang 12/1986) da dua ra dudng loi ddi mdi todn dien dat nude, mora budc ngoat quan trgng trong su nghiep xdy dung CNXH d nude ta.
Trudc bdi canh md hinh CNXH d Lign Xo vd Ddng Au sup dd, he thdng xa hdi chii nghia thg gidi tam thdi lam vdo thodi trao, Dai hgi VII cua Dang (thang 6/1991) khang dinh tigp tue ddi mdi ddng bd, triet de trgn eac linh vuc vdi nhtrng bude di, edeh lam phii hpp vd giu viing dinh hudng xa hdi ehu nghia. Dai hdi da thdng qua Cuong linh xdy dung ddt nude trong thdi ky qua dp len CNXH, xde dinh nhdng quan digm vd phuong hudng phat trien dat nude, khang dinh chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh la nen tdng tu tudng va kim chi nam eho hanh ddng eiia Dang.
Cac nghi quygt cua Dang tii Dai hpi VUI dgn nay tiep tue khang dinh su kign dinh, Iden tri thue hien dudng Idi ddi mdi ddt nude va hdi nhdp qudc td. He thong quan didm ly luan vg edng cupc ddi mdi, vg chu nghia Mae - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, ve xay dung va ehinh ddn Dang trong tinh hinh mdi khdng ngimg dupe bd sung va phat trign.
Dang Cdng san Viet Nam timg budc hoan thien va cu thg hda todn dien cac dinh hudng ddi mdi, phat trien, xde dinh rd trpng tam trong timg giai doan. Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang cac khda da ban hdnh nhieu nghj quygt vg nhiing van de quan trgng; lanh dao dg Qudc hdi khdng ngimg bd sung, hoan
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A Nl/CIC - Sd 288 (1/2020)
