Rao can trong doi moi quan ^ tai chinh theo huong tuchu ddi voi cac truong dai hoc dia phuong
N g u y ^ l l i u l ^ Thiong Dgi hoc Hung Vuong
Tdm tdt: Trong nhflng ndm gAn dAy, vdi sy piidt frifin cfla hfi tiidng gido dye dgi hpc thi vific ddi mdi ca chfi qudn ly frong cAc trudng dgi hpe eflng Id vAn dfi Iudn dupc Nhd nudc vd xd hdi quan tdm. Vific ddl mdi ca chfi qudn ij dgi hpc dfiu hudng dfin Uiyc iiifin ca chfi ty chfl d cdc trudng - ddy Id mOt chfl fruong hodn todn dflng dAn. Tuy nhifin vific ttiyc hifin eo ehfi h; chfl vfi mgt tdi ctiinh cdn gAp nhifiu khd khdn, ddc bifit Id ddi vdi cAc trudng dgi hpc dja phuong.
Tirkhda: QuAn IJ tAi chfnh, cdc tnrdng dgi hpe dja phuang, ttr chfl, ddi mdi.
1. Dat van do
BAt cfl mdt dan vj ndo Uii hogt dOng tdi ciu'nh cflng Id mOt hogt dOng then ehdt gAn lifin vdi sy tdn tgi, phdt Uifin efla don vj dd. Vi Uifi co ehfi qudn IJ tdi chfnh frong cdc Uudng dgi hpc Id mOt ngudn lye rdt quan frpng dfi thflc dAy sy phAt trifin cfla mdi trudmg dgi hpe khi md gido dye dgi hpc Iudn ddi hdi piidi cd ngudn lye tdi ehfnh rdt ldn. Trong khodng 10 ndm gAn dAy, thyc hifin chfl truang ddi mdi gido dye dgi hpc theo hudng frao quyfin U^ chfl cho cAc frudng tfil vAn dfi ddi mdi eo chfi quAn IJ tdi chfnh theo hirdng ty chfl Iudn dupe cdc don vj quan tdm.
Thyc iiifin ddl mdi vd piidt huy dupe ca chfi ty chfl tdt chfnh sfi mang Igi cho cdc trudng dgi hpc nhifiu ca hOi phdt trifin, tuy nhifin dfi lam dupc difiu ndy phy thuOc vdo rAt niiifiu yfiu td*, cdn rAt niiifiu rdo cdn md ede frudng gdp piidi dgc bifit Id cdc tnidng dgi hpc dja phuong. Ddy Id mOt bO phdn frong hfi thdng gido dye dgi hpc cfla Vifit Nam - md chfl yfiu ciif mdi dupe Uidnh lAp tixing vdng 15 ndm trd lgi ddy. Cdc trudng dgi hpe ndy phAn ldn tryc thuOe sy quAn IJ cua cAe Unh, mOt sd ft fryc thuOe cdc bO- Tfl khi dupc thanh Idp dfin nay, chfl yfi'u cAc frudng vAn dang trong giai dogn hodn thifin co sd vgt chAt, phAt trifin cde ngdnh nghfi ddo tgo, t>di dudng dOi ngfl gidng vifin... Vi vdy, dfi tifip cAn vA thyc tiifin vAn dfi ddi mdi eo chfi qudn Iy tdi ehinh ttieo hudng ty chu sfi ggp phdi niiifiu khd khdn.
2. Tliirc trang dot mdl tu ctiii tal ctiinti tai cac tnnrag dai tioc dja ptiuimg
2.1. \i thyc trgng tdi san cdng hifin cd MOt trong nhflng difiu kifin Ufin quyfit dfi cde frudng dgi hpc cdng igp cd ttifi ttiyc iiifin dupc khd ndng ttr chfl Id tdi sdn cdng hifin cd. Tdi sdn cdng hifin
cd t}ao gdm: difin Uch ddt eua frudng, difin Uch san xdy dyng fryc Ufip phye vy ddo tgo (ey thfi: Difin Uch phdng hpc cdc logi, difin Uch thu vifin, difin ttch phdng tiif ngtiifim, difin Uch nhd xudng thyc hdnh), difin tieh sdn xdy dyng kJ tUe xd efla trudng. Hfi thdng gido trinh, bdi gidng, cdng Uinh nghifin cflu khoa hpc (NCKH), bdn quyfin tdc gid,...Tuy nhifin, chf difin Uch cdc phdng hpc, difin tieh thu vifin, difin Uch kJ tflc xA cd tuong quan ciigt chfi vdi h; chfl tAi ciifnh. Ntiin ehung, CO sd vAl chAt phye vy ddo tgo d cAc frudng dgi hpc dja phuong dupe dAu tu mdi khd niiifiu nfin hfi thdng CO sd vgt ehdt khd tdt nhung ehua ttiyc sy dAy dfl, chua ddm bdo cho cAc frudng ddp flng nhu cAu hpc tAp vd ngiiifin eflu. Bdi vi cdc frudng hAu nhu dfiu dang frong giai dogn Ufip Ujc xdy dyng hodn thifin. Vfi chuang Uinh ddo tgo thi edn lgc hAu vd khdiig hOi nhgp dupc iinh vyc ddo tgo qudc tfi. Thye tfi cho thAy, ngudn dAu tu cfla Nhd nudc eho cdc chuong trinh dgi hpc vfi Unh vyc ndy thdng qua cde chuang Uinh myc Ufiu cdn rAt hgn hep. Nhflng ndm gAn ddy, tJ Ifi dAu Ur cho cdc chuong trinh myc Ufiu chifim khodng 5,5-5,8%
tdng chi ngdn sdch NhA nudc (NSNN) vd khodng 2%- 3% tdng chi todn xd hOi eho cde Uudng dgi hpe. Vdi ty Ifi dAu Ur dd, cAc frudng dgi hpe khd cd khd ndng nghifin cflu dfi xdy dyng vd hodn thifin hfi Uidng ehuong tiinh, gido trinh, cd dupc hfi thdng hpc lifiu iiifin dgi, cAp nhgt tinh iiinh frong nudc vd qude tfi.
2.2. Vfi thuc trgng dOi ngfl gidng vifin Thdng qua dOi ngfl gidng vifin cd Uifi ddnh gid dupc ChAt lupng ddo tgo frong tifin tiinh xdy dyng ttiuong iiifiu cua mdi frudng vd qua dd ttiu hflt dupc lupng ngudi hpc vdo cAc frudng ndy. Difiu ndy Anh hudng rAt ldn dfin vifie xdy dyng elitnh sdch ede khodn ttiu ngodi ngdn sdch. Ddy cflng Id vAn dfi khd kiidn ldn cfla cdc trudng dgi hpe dja phuang, bdi Ifi chu yfiu cdc trudng
-1 Tt C H A U A - THAI BlNH D
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NGHliN CUU
dfiu mdi ttidnh lAp nfin vific ddo tgo dupc dOi ngu gidng vifin cd Uinh dO cao cAn cd ttidi gian mdi hodn ttiifin dupc. Cdn ddi vdi vAn dfi ttiu hflt nhAn Iyc cd trinh dO eao vfi cdng tAc tgi cAc frudng dgi hpc dja phuoi^ cfli^
rAt khd khi md ngudn gidng vifin ed trinh dO cao (GS, PGS, TS) chfl yfiu tgp frung d cdc Uidnh phd ldn (Hd NOi, TP. Hd Chf Minh...). Chua kfi dfin mflc ttifl lao phdi chi trd cho dOi ngfl ndy Id tuong ddi Idn.
2.3. Vfi thuong tiifiu cfla tnidng dai hpc cdng ldp ir dia phirong
Vdi ttiye frgng cua Vifit Nam hifin nay, Uiudc do ddnh gid thuang hifiu efla cAc tiudng dgi hpc cdng lAp rAt hgn chfi, ttidng thudng cd Uifi dya vao mdt sd tifiu chi sau: difim tiii tuyfin sinh dAu vdo, sd Iupng sinh vifin cfla cAc trudng sau kiii tdt ngiiifip ra frudng Um dupc vific dflng ngdnh nghfi ddo tgo, trudng dgi hpc Ufin hdnh ddo tgo tiieo chuang trinh Ufin tifin, chuang Uinh chAt Iupng cao hay ehua?. Vdi Iupng sinh vifin cdn rdt khifim tdn so vdi cAc trudng dgi hpc cdng ldp d ede thdnh phd Idn, difim trflng tuyfin dAu vdo UiAp,... ti^ vific xAy dyng thuang tiifiu efla eAc trudng dgi hpe edng ldp d dja phuang rAt khd kiidn.
2.4. Vfi tinh ctiAt ktnh doanh ndng dOng cfla ngudi dflng ddu cac tnidng dgi hpc irdng ldp
l ^ ngudi dflng dAu mOt td chflc IA rAl quan frpng, nhung kiii dung dAu mOt uudng dgi hpc cdng lAp dang trong 10 Uinh Ufin dfin ty chfl till edng quan trpng han rdt nhifiu. Tfnh chdt kinh doanh ndng dOng cfla hp cflng cd nhflng difim gidng nhu mOt doanh ngiufip Id hp phdi tgo ra ngudn thu dfi frang trdi cho cAc khoAn ehi vd cd tiigng du, nhung Igi khdng thfi thuang mgi hda nfin gido dye, nfiu vi Ipi nhugn md chflng ta bAt ehdp tAt cA thi khdng cd mdt chdt Iupng ddo tgo theo dflng nghia efla nd. Tfnh chAt kinh doanh d cdc frudng dgi hpc cdng igp dupc dfi cAp dfin Id ngudi dflng dAu cdc tnjdng dgi hpc nAm liAt vd hifiu dupc quan hfi vdi Uij trudng, quan hfi vdi cdc dan vj kiidc, nAm bAt dupc nhu cAu xd hOi vd efla ngudi sfl dyng lao dOng. Tinh chdt kinh doanh cfla cdc trudng dgi hpc cdng ldp chu yfiu ttifi hifin qua cdc hogt dOng djeh vy, ddo tgo lifin kfit, ddo tgo theo nhu cAu...
2.5. Vfi thyc trgng ktiA ndng ta chfl ngudn thu vd ty chfl cdc khodn chi cua cdc tnidng dai hgc cdng tdp Dfi thyc tufin ddl mdi co chfi qudn IJ tdi ciu'nh cdc CO quan nhA nudc dd ban hdnh cde vdn bdn hudng ddn. Tuy nhifin, cdc quy djnh Nhd nudc dua ra, thi vifie ty ehu tdi ctiinh vdn nAm frong gidi hgn h?p. Bdi, ty chfl cdc khodn thu nhung ehi dupe quyfin thu frong khodng hogc frong dogn gidi hgn nhdt djnh. Vific vay vdn chi gidi hgn ddi vdi cdc cde don vj sAn xuAt djeh vy, nhflng frudng hpp khAc ttii b| hgn chfi. Hogc ty ehu vi cde khodn eiii, Nhd nudc vAn dua ra dinh mflc ehi khdng phfl hpp hogc khdng sdt vdi ttiye tfi cua nfin kinh tfi ttij frudng vd cde vdn bdn quy djnh vfi hi chfl khdng ttidng nhdt vdi nhau.
3. Nhimg lian ctie trong qua trinli HIUG tilen fil met quan tf tal ctiinh theo huong tu chu tal zi mrdng dat hoc dja phuong
Thfl nhAt, vific lAp kfi hogch phAn bd NSNN ch gido dye dgi hpc ttiifiu ca sd ttiyc Ufin, khdch quan, c ttifi Id l$p kfi hogch phdn ttd chfl yfiu dya trfin Unh Ijc sfl, ciiinh fri dya frfin sd Iupng sinh vifin dAu vdo m khdng phAi IA dAu ra. Vi ttifi cdc tnidng chfl yfiu tdn ngudn Uiu bAng cdch tAng quy md ddo tgo dAn dfi khd ed ttifi tAp frung vdo ndng cao chAt Iupng ddo tgc Kill dAu vdo dgi hpc hifin nay bj khdng chfi, tJ Ifi slii vifin bd hpc frong quA Uinh dAo tgo cdn nhifiu, khun hpc piu bj gidi hgn nfin thu khdng dfl bfl chi. Cdn ci xAc djnh mflc thu hpc phf khfing phfl hpp vdi th\f Ufin.
Thfl hai, phAn bd NSNN cho cAc frudng Uiei phuong phdp binh qudn, cdo bAng. Vifie phdn b(
NSNN iiifin nay dd dya frfin nhflng edn cfl ttiye tfi cdi ede trudmg. CAch Uiflc phAn bd tdi chfnh dya Ufin djnl mfle nhAt djnh (sd Iupng sinh vifin vd ehi phf frfin <ii\
sinh vifin). Cdch Uiflc cAp phAt ngAn sdch ndy dya frfii mdi lifin hfi vdi dAu VAP nhu sd lupng sinh vifin/ gidni vifin vd ede mfle ehi cd Unh ciiAt quy chuAn (nhu c&t djnh mfle vfi ciii con ngufiri/ ciii thudng xuyfin vd djnl mflc chi phf Uiudng xuyfin tdi thifiu). Tuy nhifin, vd edch thflc phdn bd binh qudn nhu iiifin nay, Nhd nudx sfi khdng phdn bifit dupe trudng dgi hpe cdng ldp nctc sfl dyng ngudn tdi chfnh iiifiu quA.
Thfl ba, ngudn thu tfl hpc ptif cfla cde frudng dg hpc cdng IAP dja phuang mdi ciif ddm bdo mOt phSr nhd ciii phf ttiudng xuyfin cfla frudng frong khi dd NJ cAp ciii Uiudng xuyfin cho cAc frudng gidm dAn fron(
quA Uinh Ufin dfin ty chfl hoAn todn ehi Uiudng xuyfin Thfl tu, ngudn thu hpc piii cfla cdc frudng ehiK dupc sfl dyng Ilnh hogt vd hifiu qud, gidm ngudn thi cfla frudng: Quy djnh efla Chfnh phfl, ngudn ttiu tfl hpc piif ede tiudng phdi gfli vdo kho bgc Nhd nude, khOnj dupe mang di dAu ttr tgo ra khoAn ttiu mdi.
Thfl ndm, ehi cho NCKH vd ciii xdy dyng eo bdi chifim ty lfi nhd. Chi cho NCKH vd dAu ttrxAy dyng « bdn hAu nhu chua dupc dAm bAo do thifiu ngudn vdn Ngudn tdi chinh eho hogt dOng khoa hpe vd cdn(
nghfi cfla cde frudng dgi hpc cdng IAp dja phuong tU]
dd tdng hdng ndm nhung vAn chua ddp flng dupe nhi cAu nghifin eflu khoa hpc. Vi chua dupc dAu ttr dUnj mfle nfin kfit qud tfl hogt dOng NCKH vd ehuyfin giat cdng nghfi hifin nay ehua mang Igi ngudn thu cho cd(
trudng, mgc du ddy Id xu hudng phdt Uifin tAng ngufii ttiu cfla cdc frudng dgi hpc frfin Uifi gidi.
Thfl sdu, hgn ehfi efla cdc trudng fror^ xdy dyng v<
trifin khai quy chfi ciii Ufiu nOi i^O- Nhifiu don vj cdn ti Iflng hing frong khi Uifin kiiai xdy dyng quy chfi ch Ufiu nOi bO, khdng cd khd ndng cdn ddi ttiu chi (ngufii ttiu ttii hgn chfi md nhu cAu chi quA idn).
Xu thfi cAc quy ehfi ciii Ufiu nOi bO lAy vific ndn]
cao din sOng cho cAn t>0 cdng chuc, gido vifin Id ciiinii, sau dd mdi tfnh dfin cAc niiifim vu phye vy gidng dgy, hpc tAp vd ndng cao ca sd vgt ciiAL MOt t>0 quy chfi chi Ufiu dupc xdy dyng nhu vdy sfi khdng phfl hpp kill chuyfin sang co chfi ty chu tdi ciiinh, ktiA ndng cAn ddi gifla vifie cAi Uiifin ddri sdng vdi vifie dAu tu ca sd v^t ciiAt sfi gdp niiifiu khd kiidn. Ngudn thu sfi khd dupe sfl dyng mOt edch iiifiu qud.
4. Gtai phap de nang cao hteu qua hoat dong dot mui ca che quan ty tal chinli ttieo huuiig hr chii
Thfl niiAt, hodn tiiifin ctiinh sdch hpc plii, chfnh sdch h6 trp tdi ciu'nh eho sinh vifin. Ciiinh phfl nfin phdn bifit rd ctu'nh sdch hpc piu vdi ctiinh sdch hd trp sinh vifin. Nfin cho phfip cdc tnidng ty chfl vfi mfle thu, gia tdng sy kiiAc bifit vfi mflc thu hpe piif gifla cAc tnrdng dgi hpc cdng igp dfi cAe frudng dgi hpe cdng lgp cd ca hOi cd ngudn dAu tu nhifiu hon cho ndng cao chAt lupng ddo tgo. Ddng thdi Nhd nudc vAn thyc tiifin cde ciifnh sdch xd hdi dfi ddm tido cdng t)Aiig frong xd hOi.
Thfl iiai, cde trudng dupc U; chfl hon nfla vfi qudn IJ vA sfl dyng tdi sdn niidm ndng cao tiifiu qud sfl dyng tdi sdn, vi dy dupc phfip cho thufi tdi sdn frong tnidng hpp tdi sdn chua sfl dyng hogc sfl dyng nhung ehua hfit cdng suAt.
Thfl tja, t>fin egnh vifie giao quyfin ty chfl, ty cti|u frdch niiifim tdi ciu'nh cho cde tiudng dgi hpc can hfit sflc quan tdm dfin cdng tdc qudn IJ Nhd nudc, nhdt Id cdng tdc kifim tra, gidm sdt, yfiu cAu tinh cdng kiiai, minh bgch, frdch nhifim gidi trinh cfla cdc tiudng dgi hpc nhAm dAm t)Ao cAc trudng dgi hpc hogt dOng Uieo dflng ludt phAp.
Thfl tu, ddi mdi phuong phdp phdn bd kinh phf ngdn sdch nhd nudc cho cdc ca sd ^ d o dye dgi hpc theo kfit qud dAu ra; giao ngdn sAch gAn vdi niiifim vy vd sAn piiAm cudi cflng. Nhd nudc giao ngdn sdch gAn vdi cdc hfi thdng djnh mflc kinh tfi ky thudt frong ddo tgo, djnh mfle piiAn b6 ciii piif ddo tgo, cd sy phdn bifit gifla CO sd hogt dOng cd chdt lupng iiifiu quA vdi co sd kfim chAt lupng, khfing tiifiu qud.
Thfl ndm, t>6n cgnh ty ehu vfi ldi eiiinh cfla cdc ea sd gido dye dgi hpc cdng igp cAn thyc hifin ddng bO vdi ty chfl trfin cdc Hnh vyc khde, vf dy nhu hf chfl frong tuyfin sinh vd tuyfin dyng; ty chfl xdy dyng chuang trinh ddo tgo;... Vf dy nhu vifie gidi hgn chf Ufiu tuyfin sinh ddi^ ngliia vdi irific hgn ehfi ngudn thu cua cde trudi^ ndy. Do dd, di kfim vdi ty chfl tdi ciiinh thi cAc trudng piiAi dupc quyfit dinh sd lupi^ tuyfin sinh. Bo GiAo dye vd Ddo tgo gidm sdt ciiAt lupng, dua ra thudc do chuAn chAt lupng tfl dd ed cdn cfl dfi kifim tra sd lupng truyfin sinh. Tuy nhifin, cAn phdi cd ca chfi gidm sdl hthi tufiu dfi hgn chfi vific tuyfin ngudi khdng vi nhifim vy md do quan hfi cfla Thu frudng.
Thfl sdu, cde trudng dgi hpc dja phuang cflng phdi
chfl dOng fim kifim ngudn dAu tu cho hogt dOng cung cAp dich vy dAo tgo, NCKH. Thuc hifin tim kifim cAc des tAc thyc hifin hogt dOng lifin kfit; ddo tgo ttieo dan ddt hang; dAy mgnh djch vy ngtiifin cuu khoa hpc gAn vdi hogt ddng chuyfin giao cdng nghfi.
Tdm lgi, vAn dfi ddi mdi qudn ly tdi chinh frong cAc trudng dgi hpc edng IAp theo hudng ty chfl Id mOt hudng di dflng dAn frong 10 Uinh phdt frifin gido dye dgi hpc, ttjy ntiifin nd Iai la mOt vAn dfi phfle tgp, nhgy cAm vd tac dOng den niiifiu ttidnh phAn trong xd hOi- Vd nd Igi cang frdr nfin khd khdn ban vdi ede trudng dgi hpc cdng lap dja phuong vdi nhifiu rdo can gAp piiAi.
Cdc tiudng can nd lyc gidi quyfit cdc vdn dfi cfla mlnh dfi xAc dinh dupc difiu kifin hi chfl vA xAy dyng mOt 10 trinh cy thfi phfl hpp vdi difiu kifin thyc tfiy.
Tai tieu ttiam tchao:
1. Nghj quyfit sO 29-NQAW ngdy 4/11/2013 efla Ban ChAp hdnh Tmng uong Ddng khda XI vfi ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn difin gido dye vd ddo tgo....
2. Nghj quyfit sd 35/2009/QH12 ngdy 19/6/2009 cfla Qude hOi khda XII vfi chfl frucmg, djnh hudng ddi mdi mOt sd CO chfi tdi ctifnh frong gido dye vd ddo tgo tfl ndm 2010-2011 dfin ndm hpc 2014-2015.
3. Phgm Thj Vdn Anh (2016), "Di phdt huy ca chfi ty chfl tdi ciu'nh tgi cdc frudng dgi hpc cdng IAp"; Tgp chi Tdi chinh kJ I UiAng 3/2016.
4. Hodng TrAn Hgu (2012), "Ty chfl dgi hpc qua nghifin eflu tinh hudng Hpc vifin"; website:
httpy/www.hvtc.edu.vn/.
T £ C H A U A - T H A I I ouoNO {THANO Z / 2ai-7i
