QUAN TRj-QUAN LY
VAN DUNG SANG TAO CHU NGHIA MAC - LENIN
VA TlT TlJdNG HO CHI MINH TRONG VIEC XAY D U N G V A P H A T TRIEN CON NGl/Cfl:
MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VA THlJC TIEN
• TRl/dNGVANDONG
TOM TAT:
Xay difng va phat trien con ngu:di ben vffng la mot muc tieu, nhidm vu chie'n Iffdc xuyen sud't trong chii trffdng, du'dng ldi. chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nudc ta, Mac dii cdn nhffng tdn tai, han che nha't dinh, nhffng nhffng thanh tffu ve kinh te. chinh tri, van hda xa hdi dat dffdc trong hdn 30 nam ddi mdi da khang dinh sff van dung dung Mn ciia Dang ta. Bai vie't nghien cffu sff van dung dung dan, sang tao chu nghia Mac - Le nin, iff tffdng Ho Chi Minh cua Dang ta ve phat trien con ngifdi,
Ttf khda: Xay dffng, phat trien con ngifdi. Dang, tff tffdng Ho Chi Mmh, chu nghia Mac - Le nin, van dung sang tao.
1. Quan did'm cua Chu nghTa Mac - Ldnin, tff chii nghTa tff ban, C.Mac va Ph.Angghen da phat tffdng Ho Chi Minb va Dang ta ve xay dffng va hien ra tinh trang con ngu'di dang bi tha hda va phat trien con ngfft^i trong giai doan hidn nay de ra con dffdng giai phdng hp khoi sff tha hda, ap Chu nghTa Mac - Lenin da khang dinh con bffc, bdc Idt dd b2ng nhffng cudc each mang xa ngu'di la mpl thffc the tff nhien, ddng thdi la mdt hdi do Dang Cdng san cua giai cap cdng nhan thifc the xa hdi mang ban cha't xa hoi. Do vay, lanh dao. Theo V,I, Lenin, chinh tff trong cudc con ngffdi chiu sif chi phd'i bdi cac quy luat tff da'u tranh de lat do che' dd tff ban chu nghTa va nhien, ddng thdi, vdi tff each la mdt thffc the' xa xay dffng che' do xa hdi xa hdi chii nghTa, nhffng hdi, con ngffdi chiu sff tac ddng ciia quy luat xa con ngffdi mdi se xua't hien va tru'dng thanh, ho la hpi. Bdi vay, theo C Mac, xa hdi tao ra con ngffdi san pham cua lich sff, ddng thdi cung la ehii the d mffc dp nao thi con ngffdi cung tao ra xa hoi d gdp phan sang tao lich sff. Ke' thffa nhu'ng ihanh mffc dp dd, Cung chinh iff ihffc tien phat trien cua iffu ly luan ciia chu nghTa Mac - Lenin ve con
TAP CHi CONG THlTdNG
ngffdi va xay dffng con ngffdi, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da khang dinh: "Vi ldi ich mffdi nam thi phai trdng cay, vl ldi ich tram nam thi phai trdng ngffdi"' va "Mud'n xay difng chu nghTa xa hdi, trffdc he't can cd nhffng con ngffdi xa hdi chii nghla"-. Quan diem dung dan dd tie'p tuc difdc the hien trong ban Di chiic lich sff trffdc khi Bac di ve cdi vTnh hang, dd la "Boi du'dng the he each mang cho ddi sau la mdt viec ra't quan trpng, rat can thie't" Nhff vay, cd the tha'y, nhffng quan diem ciia chu nghTa Mac - Lenin va tff tffdng Hd Chi Minh ve eon ngu'di va xay dffng con ngffdi ludn ludn dffdc Dang ta van dung sang tao trong qua trinh xay dffng va phat trien da't nffdc Khi tie'n hanh cdng cudc ddi mdi, tai Dai hdi VI, Dang ta da kh5ng dinh: "Sff quan tam de'n con ngffdi va thai do tdn trong ISn nhau phai trd thanh mdt tieu chuan dao dffc trong mpi hoai ddng kinh le'. van hda, xa hdi, nha't la trong cac dich vu phuc vu nhan dan"l NghTa la, viec xay dffng con ngifdi dffdc Dang ta xem xet tff nhieu khia canh khac nhau (toan dien), trong dd khia canh kinh te' la quan trpng cd tinh chat hang dau. Thffc tien cung da chffng minh. de xay dffng va phat trien kinh te'ben vffng thi can phai cd dii cac ye'u to'la: vd'n, khoa hpc va cdng nghe con ngffdi, the che' va vai trd quan ly nha nffdc. trong dd con ngu'di la ye'u td' quye't dinh. Do dd, Nghi quye't Dai hdi Dai bieu loan qud'c lan ihff VII (1993) cua Dang da khang dinh: "Muc tieu cua chinh sach xa hdi thd'ng nhal vdi muc lieu phat trien kinh te', deu nham phat huy sffc manh ciia nhan td' con ngffdi va vl con ngifdi, Dong thdi, cung trong giai doan nay, Ban Chap hanh Trung ffdng khda VII da ban hanh mdt so' Nghi quye't quan trong nham xay dffng va phat trien con ngffdi phuc vu sif nghiep ddi mdi, Dd la Nghi quye't ve "Mdt sd' nhiem vu van hda van nghe nhffng nam trffdc mat"; Nghi quye't ve "Nhffng van de cap bach ciia sif nghiep cham sdc va bao ve sffc khde nhan dan"; Nghi quye't ve "Chinh sach dan sd'va ke'hoachhdagia dinh"; Nghi quye't ve "Sff nghiep giao due va dao tao"; Nghi quye't ve "Cdng tac thanh nien Irong thdi ky mdi".. Nhff vay, va'n de eon ngffdi d day dffdc dat trong bd'i canh mdi, vdi nhffng yeu cau
va nhiem vu mdi ma Dang ta dat ra, Trong do, dang chii trpng la Nghi quye't vl "Chinh sach dan sd'va ke'hoach hda gia dinh" nham lam td't cdng tac ke' hoach hda gia dinh. tie'n tdi dn dmh quy md ddn so. gdp phan nang cao cha't Iffdng dan so, cha't Iffdng phat trien con ngffdi. Day 1^ mdt van de he't sffc quan trpng, do do, de'n Dai hdi Dai bieu loan qud'c ciia Dang lan thff VIII (1996), van de xay dffng va phat trien con ngffdi tie'p tuc dffdc Dang ta khang dinh: "Lay viec phat huy ngudn Iffc con ngffdi lam ye'u to cdban cho sff phat trien nhanh va ben vffng; nang cao dan tri, bdi dffdng va phat huy ngudn Iffc to Idn cua con ngffdi Viet Nam la nhan to quye't dinh thang ldi ciia clch mang Viet Nam"
Chinh Vl vay, trong ca qua trinh doi mdi, phat trien kinh te' thi trffdng, day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, va'n de xay dffng va phal inin eon ngifdi cang dffdc Dang va Nha nffdc ta quan tam hdn bao gid he't. Do dd, van dd xay dffng va phat trien con ngffdi dffdc Dang ta dat trdn binh dien rdng Idn hdn, gan lien vdi trach nhiem eiia tffng ITnh vffe khac nhau cua ddi sd'ng xa hpi, tff ITnh VUC phat trien kinh te', lao nen tang vSt chat de xay dffng con ngffdi tdi phal trien ve the Iffc, tri life, ky nang lao ddng, bdi dffdng tff tffdng chinh tri, dao dffc, Id'i sd'ng, cham sdc sffc khoe cho con ngffdi gSn lidn vdi trach nhiem xa hoi ciia cac nganh y te, giao due, van hda, thdng tin dai chung, Tie'p de'n, Nghi quye't cua Dai hdi Dai bieu Dang loan qud'c Un thff IX (2001) mdt l^n nffa khang dinh " . Phai gan tang trffdng kinh te vdi phat trien loan dien con ngifdi, thtfc hien dan chii. tie'n bd va cdng bang xa hdi, tao nhidu viec lam, cai thien ddi sd'ng, khuye'n khich lam giau hdp phap di ddi vdi xda ddi, giam ngheo", Muc tieu xay dffng va phat trien con ngffdi ciia Dang la ludn gan lidn vdi hieu qua va sff phal trien ben vffng.
Nhff vay, iff nhffng va'n de neu tren, chiing ta thay, quan diem ve xay difng va phat trien con ngffdi ciia Dang ta la nhat quan. xuyen sud't nhffng cung day tinh sang tao. phii hdp vdi tiing giai doan phat tnen cua da't nffdc. Nhimg dieu dac biet trong quan diem, tu tffdng cua Dang ta dd la.
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"con ngffdi" ludn datvao vi tri trung tam ciia qua trinh phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi,
2. Mdt s6' thanh trfu da dgt difrfc trong x3y di^ng va phat tridn con ngffdi
Thffc tien hdn 30 nam ddi mdi vffa qua da khang dinh difdng Id'i, quan diem ciia Dang ta ve phat trien con ngffdi la hoan toan dung dan, dap ffng nhu cau ddi hdi cS'p thie't ciia xa hdi. Chinh nhd ed dffdng ldi va quan diem chi dao diing dan dd, trong thdi gian qua, Viet Nam da dat dffdc nhffng tie'n bd dang ke, gdp phan cung cac ITnh vffe khac lam nen nhffng thanh lu'u to Idn. cd y nghTa lich sff ciia dan tdc. Cac "Chi sd' phat trie'n con ngifdi khdng ngffng dffdc tang len, cu the la:
"tff 0,539 (1995) len 0.694 (2018), dffng tff thff 120/174 nudc (1995) len thff 116/189 nffdc (2018)"", Thu nhap bmh quan dau ngffdi (GDP) cung khdng ngffng tang, cu the la: "tff 1.010 USD (1995) len 2.587 USD (2018)^ De'n nay, Vidt Nam da can ban hoan thanh cac Muc tidu Thien nien ky, Cdng tac xda ddi giam ngheo d ntfdc ta da dat dffdc nhffng thanh tffu to Idn, du'dc cdng dong qud'c te'danh gia cao De'n nay, "ti Id hd ngheo giam Iff 14,2% nam 2010 xud'ng cdn 4,5% nam 2015; ti Id that nghiep ciia lao ddng trong dp tudi (tudi lao ddng) nam 2015 la 2,3%; tuoi tho trung binh dat 73,3 tudi 2015"*, Theo Bao cao phat trien con ngffdi ciia Chu'dng tnnh Phat trien Lien Hiep qudc (UNDP), ti le ngheo da chieu d khu vffe dd thi la 2,1%, trong khi ti le d khu vifc ndng thdn ta 6,45%'. Ve cdng tac xda ddi giam ngheo, "cho tdi thang 3/2018, tren 570.000 hp ngheo khu vffe ndng thdn dffdc hd trd ve nha d; tren 14,000 hd ngheo khu vffe mien Trung dffdc hd trd xay dffng nha d phdng chd'ng bao, lut, 982 dff an vdi quy md 190,841 hd thudc chffdng trinh xay dffng cum tuye'n dan eff va nha d vung ngap lu ddng bang sdng Cffu Long du'dc hoan thanh; 100 dff an nha d cdng nhan vdi tong quy md 41.000 can hd dffdc hoan thanh va dang tie'p tuc trien khai 72 dff an vdi quy md khoang 88,000 can hd; cd 89/95 dff an nha d cho sinh vien hoan thanh dffa vao sff dung, bd tri khoang 220.000 sinh vien, 6 dif an cdn lai dang trong giai doan hoan thien; da hoan thanh 84 dff an cho ngffdi thu nhap tha'p tai khu vffe dd thu
quy md khoang 33.700 can hd, dang tie'p tuc tnen khai 134 dff an, quy md gan 81.000 can hd. Theo Chie'n lu'dc phat tridn nha d qud'c gia de'n nam 2020 va tam nhin de'n nam 2030. de'n nam 2020, Viet Nam pha^n da'u xay dffng td'i thieu 12.5 trieu m- nha d xa hdi cho cac dd'i tu'dng chinh sach khd khan ve nha d"^,
Ve cham sdc sffc khoe cho ngffdi dan, De'n nay. "ca nifdc hien cd 1.451 benh vien cdng lap, trong dd cd 39 benh vien tuye'n trung ffdng, 492 benh vien tuye'n tinh. 645 benh vien huyen va 72 benh vien nganh ciing khoang 11.100 trung tam tram y te'. O khu vffe tff nhan, ca nffdc hidn cd 219 benh vien tff nhan. 31.594 phdng kham tff nhan"''.
"Ty le dan sd' tham gia bao hiem y te' tie'p tuc lang Iff 77% (nam 2015) len 86,4% (nam 2017), tffdng dffdng vdi 78,2 tridu ngifdi. Sd' Iffdng dd'i tffdng hffdng trd cap xa hdi hang thang va cap thd bao hiem y te" khdng ngffng tang tff 2,506,705 ngffdi (2013) len 2.839,568 (2017), trong dd cd 42.434 tre em cd hoan canh dac biet khd khan, 1.617.367 ngu'di cao tudi, 1.006.923 ngffdi khuyd't tat va 172.844 dd'i tifdng khac, trong do cd ngffdi nhidm HlV/AlDS thudc hd ngheo, ngffdi ddn than nudi eon thudc hp gia dinh ngheo""'. Nam 2015, Viet Nam da dat Muc tieu Phat trie'n Thien men ky ve iff vong me. giam 3/4 so vdi ti le 1990, "Ti sua't tff vong Ire difdi 1 tudi da giam xud'ng 14,7%
va tff vong tre difdi 5 tudi da giam xud'ng 22,1%
vao nam 2015. Ti le suy dinh dffdng the nhe can d tre dffdi 5 tudi da giam nhanh va ben vffng xud'ng cdn 13,8% vao nam 2016. Ty le suy dinh dffdng chieu cao theo tudi d tre difdi 5 tudi tie'p tuc giam, vao nam 2015 la 24,4%, de'n nam 2016 giam cdn 24,1%. Ty le ca nhiem mdi bdnh lao da giam tff 375/100.000 dan (nam 2000) xudng cdn cdn 187/100.000 dan"" (nam 2015), "Ty le hd cd ngudn nifdc hdp ve sinh d ca nu'dc la 93,4%"'^.
Ve va'n de giao due. lao ddng. viec lam, Nha nffdc van uu tien duy tri mffc 20% tong chi ngan sach nha nffdc cho giao due. Cho de'n nay, "ca nffdc ed 235 trffdng dai hoc va 1.974 cd sd giao due nghe nghiep, gdm 388 trffdng cao dang, 551 irffdng trung ca'p va 1.035 trung tam giao due thffdng xuyen. Rieng trong nam 2017, da tuyen
TAP CHi CUNG THUdNG
sinh dffdc 2,2 trieu ngffdi; trong do tuyen sinh cao dSng va trung cap la 540.000 ngffdi, sd cap va dao lao dffdi 3 thang khoang 1.660,000, hd trd dao tao nghe cho 20.000 ngffdi khuyet tat, 600.000 lao ddng ndng thdn"'-', Trinh dp dan tri ndi chung va ddi ngu lao ddng da qua dao tao tay nghe dffdc nang len. Chat Iffdng ve the' lu'c, sffc khde, hpc van. tay nghe. ky nang lao ddng va pham cha't dao dffc nghe nghiep cd bffdc phat trien rd ret. Tinh de'n cudi nam 2017, hdn 5.000 thii tuc hanh chinh da dffdc cat giam va ddn gian hda. tao dieu kien cho ngffdi dan va doanh nghiep phal trien san xua't, kinh doanh. Den ngay 31/12/2018, ca nifdc cd 714,755 doanh nghiep dang hoat ddng, tong sd lao ddng dang lam viec trong cac doanh nghiep dang hoat ddng cd kel qua san xua't. kinh doanh la 14,51 trieu ngffdi'", Ngoai ra, cac chinh sach hd trd tao viec lam va Quy qud'c gia ve viec lam (Chi tinh rieng nam 2017, Quy Qud'c gia gdpph£n giai quyet viec lam cho khoang 110.000 lao ddng. 6 thang dau nam 2018, hd trd tao viec lam cho tren 84.000 lao ddng, de'n nay ty le lao ddng tat nghiep difdc duy tn a mffc 2,1-2.3%.
Nhif vay, tren ca phffdng dien ly luan va thifc lidn, muc tieu xay dffng va phat tnen con ngffdi ciia Dang ta la ra't rd rang va khdng ngffng dffdc bd sung, hoan thien. Tff dd. cd the khing dinh, va'n de xay dffng va phal tnen con ngffdi ciia Dang va Nha nffdc ta difdc the hien mdt each kha loan dien, tff tu'tffdng, quan diem cho de'n chinh sach va phap luat. tao thanh sffc manh tdng hdp dd phat tridn eon ngu'di mdt each loan dien, dap ffng yeu cau cua sff nghiep ddi mdi va hdi nhap qud'c te' trong bdi canh each mang cdng nghe 4,0 dang phat trien manh me.
3. Nhiing khd khan, tdn tai, han cbe' va nhifng vS'n de dat ra trong xay dffng va pbat trien con ngffdi hien nay
3.1. Nhffng khd khdn, ton tai vd han che Mac dti chiing ta da dat dffdc nhffng thanh tffu ra't kha quan ve xay difng va phat trien con ngffdi trong hdn 30 qua, luy nhien, vSn cdn tdn tai mdt sd' va'n dd dang quan ngai. dd la: tinh trang suy thoai ve dao di'fc. nhan each cung dang cd chieu hu'dng
gia tang, Mdt bd phan thanh nien cd xu hffdng chay iheo ldi sd'ng khdng lanh manh. it quan tam sinh boat chinh tri, coi thffdng truyen thd'ng each mang, dao ddng, thieu niem tin vao sff lanh dao ciia Dang va Nha nffdc, coi thffdng gia tri cudc sd'ng, ky cffdng phap luat. Tinh trang tdi pham va te nan xa hdi trong thanh nien gia tang va ngay cang didn bie'n phffc tap, hien tffdng tham d, tham nhung vIn cdn, Hdi nghi Ban Chap hanh Trung ffdng lin thff mffdi, khda IX da thang than neu ro:
"Sff suy thoa i ve pham chat, dao dffc, Id'i sd'ng tiep tuc didn bie'n phffc tap, cd mdt sd' mat nghi6ra trong hdn, tdn hai khdng nho ddn uy tin cua Dang va Nha nffdc, niem tin cua nhan dan".
Cung vdi dd, la van de phat tnen con ngffdi cdn hoc Id nhidu ye'u kem, the hien tren cac mat:
Giao due, lao ddng viec lam, xda ddi giam ngheo, cham sdc sffc khde.,. Cu thd la: Viec giao due dao dffc, giao due cdng dan cho ngffdi hoc gan nhif bi bd quen hoac hi xem la thff yeu. Chal Iffdng giao due va dao tao chffa dap ffng yeu cau phat trien, xu hu'dng thffdng mai hda trong giao due nay cang Id ro, chffa giai quye't dffdc van 6k day chff, day nghe va day ngffdi, din ddn dff thffa hang tram ngan lao ddng cd tnnh do dai hgc va tren dai hoc hang nam, Hien lifdng suy thoai vi dao dffc cd chieu hffdng nghiem trong dien ra tif trong san xua't, kinh doanh, trong gia dinh den xa hdi. Thd hien d chd hang nhai, hang gia, sff dung hda cha't trong san xua't, Iffa dao, chem gid't nhau trong gia dinh, nha trffdng. xa hdi van cdn hi6n hffu, Khdng it vu an, ke sat nhan xud'ng tay vdi nan nhan qua de dang, ddn gian chi vl mgl nguyen nhan nhd nhoi, gie't mot luc 4 ngffdi, cd ca tre em, hay chau gid't ba ndi, con gidt cha me, lam dung tinh due tre em. gay lai nan che't ngffdi rdi bd mac (sd' ngu'di che't do tai nan giao thdng hang nam khoang 15.386 ngffdi)'^.. Ket qua x6a ddi giam ngheo chffa that sff vffng chac, nguy cd lai ngheo cdn cao, khoang each chenh lech ve thu nhap, mffc sd'ng giffa cac tang Idp nhan dan, giffa cac viing cd xu hffdng gia lang.
Dffng trffdc thifc lien do, yeu cau dat ra la van de xay dffng va phat tridn con ngffdi nhff thd nao trong nen trffdng kinh te' thi trffdng loan cau hoa
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va hdi nhap qud'c te'. Day la va'n dd Idn, tham chi rat Idn dd'i vdi Dang, Nha nifdc trong van de xay dffng va phat trien con ngffdi hien nay. Chinh vi vay, hdn luc nao he't, luc nay Nha nffdc ta can phai dau tif cho con ngffdi, Va phai nhan thffc dffdc rang, dau tff cho con ngifdi la dau tff cho phat tridn bdn vffng da't nffdc - day la con dffdng cd ban nha't va cung la ngan nhat dd dat du'dc muc tieu phiit tridn dS't mfdc phdn vinh va thinh vffdng.
3.2. Nhffng vd'n de dat ra (gidi phdp) trong xdy difng vd phdt trien con ngffdi hien nay
- Ve gido due dao tao: Giao due, dao tao phai theo yeu cau phat trien kmh te' - xa hdi ciia da't nffdc, can phai dinh hffdng nghe nghiep cho the he tre khi cdn d trong trffdng phd thdng. khdng dao lao tran lan, chay theo trao Iffu xu hffdng dam ddng. dan de'n lang phi ngudn nhan Iffc sau khi dao tao. Can phai chuan hda cha't Iffdng giao due, dao tao; giao due dao tao kidn thffc, ky nang, chuyen mdn nghe nghiep phai gan vdi giao due dao dffc, Id'i sd'ng, nang Iffc sang tao, ky nang thffc hanh cho ngffdi hpc, dac biet dd'i vdi bac hoc cao dang, dai hpc va dao tao nghe dap ffng nhu cau phiit tridn cua dat nffdc.
- Ve nguon luc- Can phai sff dung cd hieu qua cac ngudn Iffc, trong dd ddi ngu tri thffc la tru cdt de xay dffng va phat trien kinh le' - xa hdi, sff dung cac ngudn Iffc vSl cha't cd hieu qua dd phat trien kinh te'tao them nhieu cdng an viec lam cho ngu'di dan, giai quydt nan iha't nghiep dang nhffc nhd'i trong xa hpi hien nay, bdi tinh trang hang van thanh men sinh vien td't nghiep, cd hpc thffc ma khdng ed vide lam; Can to chffc bd'lri lai Iffc Iffdng lao ddng mot cdch hdp ly tren pham vi ca nu'dc theo hifdng ddi mdi cdng nghe, chuyen dich cdca'u kinh te, tao nhffng nganh nghe mui nhon, han che' de'n mffc tha'p nha't hien tifdng chuyen dich lao ddng lam rd'i loan thi trffdng lao ddng;
Thffc hanh triel de tie't kiem, chd'ng lang phi va day llii tham nhung de cham lo cudc sdng cho ngffdi dan, nang cao chS'l lifdng cudc sd'ng va tnnh dd cua dan, tff cham lo dan sinh, nang cao dan tri, bao dam dan quyen de di tdi dan chii,
- Ve vai trd lanh dao- Can phai tidp luc, khdng ngffng nang cao nang Iffc, hieu qua lanh dao, chi
dao, ddi mdi cdng tac quan ly ciia cac cd quan nha nffdc, tinh gian bo may ciia ta't ca cac nganh, cac ca'p, ciia ca xa hdi trong vide thffc hien chid'n Iffde xay dffng va phat tnen con ngtfdi; Can phai xay dffng cd che'phd'i hdp va chia se trach nhiem giffa cae ITnh vffe chinh tri, kinh te' va van hda de nang cao chat Iffdng va hieu qua cua viec xay difng va phat tridn con ngffdi, tie'p tuc day nhanh, manh cai each hanh chinh. day manh san xua't, kinh doanh va dich vu xa hdi.
- Ve cdc chinh sdch xd hoi: Tie'p tuc day manh cdng tac xda ddi, giam ngheo ca ve kinh te, van hda, giao due, y te', nha't la ciic viing sau, viing xa, vung dan tdc thieu so'. Tang cffdng dIu tifcac thie't che' van hda - xa hpi d nhffng khu cdng nghiep, khu che xua't tap trung ddng cdng nhan lao ddng, dat ldi ieh cua ngffdi lao ddng len tren bet. Bao dam an sinh xa hdi cho ngffdi lao ddng la cai gd'c ciia d'n dinh va phat trien, la tidn de cho phat tridn ben vffng con ngffdi. Chu y giam sff phan hda giau ngheo, nang cao chS't lifdng dan sd'. khai thac va bao ve td't ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, cham lo bao ve mdi trffdng sinh thai. Ben canh do, can phai chu trong viec xay difng gia dinh a'm no, tie'n bd, hanh phuc, thffc hien td't binh dang gidi, sff tien bd cua phu nff; cham sdc, giao due, bao ve quyen tre em,
- Ve chdm sdc sdc khoe: Can dat ra nhffng muc lidu cu the nham khdng ngffng nang cao the Iffc va cham sdc sffc khde nhan dan trong tinh hlnh mdi, sffc khoe la vd'n quy nha't ciia mdi eon ngffdi va loan xa hdi, la nhan to'quan trong trong sff nghiep xay dtfng va bao ve Td qudc. VI vay, chung ta pha'n da'u de mpi ngffdi dffdc quan tSm cham sdc sffc khde, bao dam con ngffdi phat trien td't ca ve the cha't va tinh than.
- Ve giif gin, bdo dam sif ton ngliiem cua pitdp ludt: Cling vdi giao due phai sie't chalky luat, ky cffdng, tinh tdn nghiem luat phap, ap dung dung cac che' tai de xff ly mpi hanh vi vi pham phap luat, nhffng viec gay hai tdi dSn, Kien quydt da'u tranh loai irff cac tieu cffc xa hdi va cac te nan xa hdi trong cac Itnh vffe giao due, y td, van hda.
the thao, Bai trff te nan, me tin. dj doan. ma tiiy.
mai dam va cac loai tdi pham khac, Khac phuc
TAP CHi CONG THIftfNG
tinh trang tai nan giao thdng tram trong hien nay, Giff vffng an ninh, trat tff an toan xa hpi, dap lan am mffu "dien bie'n hda binh" ciia cac thd' life phan ddng irong nffdc va qud'c te',
- Trong linh vUc ddi ngoai. Tidp tuc duy tri va md rpng cac quan he qud'c te' song phUdng va da phffdng, hdp tac phat trien ciing ed ldi, dac biet chiing ta can phai van dung td't cac md'i quan he qudc td san cd. hpc lap kinh nghiem, nghien cffu khoa hpc ve dau tff va phat trien con ngffdi. sff dung ngudn nhan life cua nffdc ngoai. chang han kinh nghiem ciia Nhat Ban, Han Qud'c. Singapore, Trung Qud'c, My... ve dao tao, phat huy tri tud va thu hiit ngudn Iffc cua con ngffdi vao sff nghidp phat tridn da't nifdc,
4. Ke't luan
Chie'n lifdc xay dffng va phat trien con ngffdi ben vffng la mdt muc lieu, ddng life quan trpng
ciia sff nghidp ddi mdi, ddng thdi the hien ban chat ffu viet ciia che' dd xa hdi chii nghla khi Viet Nam bffdc vao phat tridn kinhte thi trifdng va hpi nhap kinh td qud'c te'. Difdng Id'i xay dffng va ph4t trien con ngffdi ben vffng la hoan toan diing dan ciia Dang ta trong thdi ky ddi mdi vffa qua da gdp phan quan trpng vao viec ciing cd' he thd'ng chinh tri, phat tridn kinh te', dap ffng nhu cau hpi nhSp qud'c td trong bd'i canh each mang khoa hpc cdng nghe 4.0, gdp phan vao sff phat trien ben vffng eiia da't nffdc. Dffdng Id'i nay chinh la ket qua cua sff van dung sang lao chii nghla Mac-Lenin, lif tifdng Ho Chi Minh vao hoan canh lich sff cu the ciia da't nffdc ta. Nhffng ddng gdp sang tao ciia Dang vd ly luan xay dffng va phat tnen con ngffdi, phat trien van hda la mdt bd phan quan trpng hdp thanh ly luan doi mdi cua Dang va Nha nffdc ta hien nay •
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN:
'•- Ho Chi Minh. Toan lap, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, HdNoi, 1996, tap 9.
^Ddng Cong sdn Viel Nam, Vdn kien Dgi hoi dai bieu loan qudc Idn ihU VI, Nxb Su that, Hd Noi. 1987, tr 89 ''^ Sence 2018, the Human Development Report (HDR) introduced several new measures of human development.
Which it has since continued lo estimate and report on annully. See. UNDP. Human Development Report. HDR 2010-2018.
''Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam, Vdn kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan qudc lan ihdXlI. tr. 238-239.
~Cdc chi sd phdt trien con ngudi cua UNDP 2018.
"Bd Ngoai giao: Bdo cdo Qudc gia ve bdo ve vd thuc day quyen con ngiidi d Viet Nam theo ca che rd sodt dinh ky' phd qudt (UPR) Chu ky- 3 (2018). Tr21.
''Tong cue Thdng ke.
10II 12.13 gg i^goai giao: Bdo cdo Qud'c gia ve bdo ve vd thiic day quyen con ngifdi d Viel Nam theo cO cherd sodt dinh ky phd qudt (UPR) Chu ky 3 (2018).
'•'Tong cue Thdng ke. 2018 '^Theo Thdng ke cHa Bo Yte
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
2 Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam. Vdn kien Dai hfVi dgi hieu toan qudc lan thd VII, NxbCTQG, HN. 1992.
3. Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam. Vdn kien Hoi nghi lan tlu'f ndm. BCH Trung UOng khda VIll. Nxb CTQG. HN. 1998.
124 So 19-Thang 10/2019
QUAN TR!-QUAN LY
4. Dang Cong sdn Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi bieu todn qudc lan thdIX, Nxb CTQG. HN. 2011
5. Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam. Ket luan Hoi nghi Idn thU inudi, Ban Chap hdnh Trung Ucfng Ddng (Khoa IX) Ve Tiep tuc thUc hien Nghj quyet Trung uong 5 (Khda VUI) ve "Xdy dung vd phdt trien nen vdn hda Viet Nam tien tien, ddm dd ban sdc ddn tdc trong nhUng ndm sdp tdi".
6. Phgm Minh Hgc - Nguyen Khoa Diem (Chu bien). Ve phdt trien vdn hda vd xdy dung con ngifdi trong thdi ky cdng nghiep hoa, hien dgi hda, Nxb CTQG, HN.2003.
7. C.Mdc - Ph Angghen Tuyen tap, 11. NXB Su thai, Hd Noi. 1980;
8. V.I.Lenin. Todn tap, T.38. NXB Tien ho. MdtxcOva, 1977:
9. C.Mdc vd PhAngghen. Todn tap. t.20. Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 1994,
Ngay nh^n bai: 14/9/2019
Ngay phan bien danh gia va suTa chvta: 24/9/2019 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 4/10/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
TS. T R U O N G V A N DUNG Vien Nghien cu'u Con ngffdi, Vien Han ISni Kboa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam
CREATIVE APPLICATION OF
MARXISM-LENINISM AND HO CHI MINH'S THOUGHT ON OUR COUNTRY'S HUMAN DEVELOPMENT:
SOME THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES
• Ph. D TRUONG VAN DUNG Institute ot Human Studies - Vietnam A c a d e m y of Social Sciences
ABSTRACT:
Human development is a strategic goal and task throughout guidelines and policies of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Government of Vietnam. Despite certain shortcomings and limitations, economic, political, cultural and social achievements which have been achieved over the past 30 years of renovadon have affirmed the correct application of Ho Chi Minh's thought. This paper studies the correct and creative application of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thought on our country's human development.
Keywords: Building, human development, the Communist Party of Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh's thought. Marxism-Leninism, implementing creatively.
