Tuye'n tdp bao cao khoa hgc Hgi nghi Khoa hoc ky thuat Do ludng toan qudc Ian thfl IV Hd Ngi, 11-2005
NGHIEN Cljru VA ONG DUNG HE THONG DO uadNG VA DIEU KHIEN TRONG DIEU CHi^SUPE LAN
Biii Ddng Thdnh, Hodng Sy Hdng
BM. Ky thudt do vd Tin hgc Cdng nghiip - DHBK Hd Ndi
Tom tdt:
Su phdt triin cua cdc hi thd'ng do ludng vd diiu khiin hiin dgi dd vd dang tgo nin budc ngogt tich cue trong cdc ddy chuyin sdn xudt cdng nghiep. Cdc dng dung vi diiu khiin cue bd ngdy cdng trd nin ldi thdi vd Igc hdu bdi su hgn chi'vi chdt lugng dHu khien, chi phi nhdn cdng...
Gidi phdp vi do ludng vd diiu khiin tap trung dang thay thi ddn cdc ung dung diing diiu khiin cue bp, chdng tgo ra hieu qud trong cdc Hcng dung vda vd nhd bdi gid thdnh thdp, chd't lugng diiu khiin vd dd tin cdy dugc ndng cao...Vdi dgc thd ciia cdng nghiip diiu chiSupe Idn viic img dung hi thd'ng do ludng vd diiu khiin tap trung dd vd dang dgt duoc nhiing ki't qua tich cue.
Abstract:
The development of modern instrumentation and control systems makes changing active steps for industry-chain. The applications of local control become more and more outdated because they have to limited about control quality, to spend much on production...
Solution of center instrumentation and control to take the place of local control, they are active with small and medium applications becourse low coast, hight control quality, hight reliability... Application in phosphate preparer industrial have optain actived results
Keyword: HIS. EWS...
I. DAT VAN DE
Phdn Idn cdc hfi thdng diiu khiln h-ong nha mdy san xudt Supe Idn diu rdt lac hdu.
Rdt nhilu cdc ddy ehuyin do Lifin xd xdy dtmg vao nhung ndm 1960, do flng dung diiu khiln cue bd (Local Control) ma sd lugng edng nhdn vdn hdnh khd ddng mat khdc v^ cdc biln ddng bd't thudng d cac cdng doan khdc nhau trong ddy ehuyin se Id mdt thach thflc khdng nhd khi phai didng tin dfi'n cdc cdng doan lifin quan. Do dd mOt yfiu cdu cdp thilt dl ddt ra Id phai xdy dung mdt hfi didng do ludng diiu khiln vd gidm sat tfl trung tdm ddp flng dugc cdc yfiu edu sau:
- Ddp flng duge cdc yfiu cdu vl ehdt lugng diiu ehinh, hfi thdng thilt kfi'phai cd tfnh ndng md
- Thilt kl hfi thdng mdi nhung vdn phai tdn dung tdi da cdc thilt bi do ludng vd eo cdu chd'p hanh trong hfi thdng cu
- Tdi uu boa gia dianh nhung vdn dam bao cac chi tifiu ky thudt
II. PHAN TICH HE THONG DIEU CHE SUPE LAN CU Mfl ta bai toan cflng nghe
Thuc tfi de tao ra Supe Ian ngufli ta phai phfii lifiu gitta axit Sunfuric 6 8 % vfli bfit Apatit theo mgt ti 14 thi'ch hgp (thfing thuflng la apatit/axit = 2/1) tdt nhifin ti le ndy phu thuflc nhifiu vao dfl dm c i a apatit. Viec phfii lifiu Apatit va Axit dugc tifi'n hdnh lifin tuc, vd quy dfii ra nang sudt (tdn/h).
Apatit AxitHjS04 68%
I h u n g
SBF
Hinh 1. Phdi lifiu Apatit va Axit trong thung trpn
Trong thiing trdn cd sdn cae motor khudy boat ddng lifin tuc va lifin ddng vdi nhau, san phdm sau thung trdn dugc dua din thflng boa thdnh, trong thung hod thdnh cd mdt motor dao cdt va tdt nhifin san phdm ra cua thung hod thdnh chfnh la Supe, nhung ngudi ta ehi ggi dd Id Supe tuoi. De tao thdnh Supe thanh phdm ngudi ta phai dua Supe tuoi qua m6t bdng tai vd dfi'n motor ddnh tung. San phdm sau khi di qua Motor ddnh tung dugc u vdi thdi gian thfch hgp va dd chfnh Id Supe thanh phdm.
Axit 68% nhdn dugc tfl dng trdn khi diiu chinh cac van axit va van nude. Viec md cdc van nay bao nhifiu cdn tuy thudc vao ndng sudt axit ddt trong ti Ifi phd'i lieu. Mdt phuong phdp xdc dinh ndng dd axit hifiu qua chfnh la do dd ddn vd nhifit dd axit, rdi th6ng qua tra bang se xde dinh dugc ndng dd. Rd rang vific diiu khiln ndng sudt axit dugc thuc hifin thdng qua do luu lugng, dd ddn va nhifit dd cua axit.
Ddi vdi bdt Apatit, cdn thilt phai dua qua bang edn dinh lugng vd diiu khiln tdc dd cua bang cdn sao cho dat ty Ifi phdi lieu phu hgp. Va td't nhifin lugng Apatit dugc xdc dinh bdng bilu thfle tfch phdn theo thdi gian cua gid tri khdi lugng tflc thcri vdi vdn tdc ciia bdng cdn.
Thflc trang cua ede hfi do ludng diiu khiln cu ttong dieu c h i Supe Idn
Phdn Idn cae hfi thdng dieu e h l Supe Idn eu diu flng dung diiu khiln cue bg (Local Control) vdi nhilu vdng diiu khiln d6c Idp nhau. Sd lugng c6ng nhdn vdn hanh Idn, vdi cdc bifi'n ddng bd't thudng d cac cdng doan khde nhau trong ddy ehuyin se la mdt thach thflc khdng nhd khi phai thdng tin din cac cdng doan lifin quan. Mat khac vific quan ly cac dii lifiu 6 cdc dilm do quan trgng dung cdc bd tu ghi gdy khd khan trong luu trfl va tim kilm du lifiu khi cdn. Do dd hfi thdng do ludng diiu khien bifin tai nay khdng t h i ddp flng dugc cae yfiu cdu v l chd't lugng san phdm cung nhu kha nang lam vific lifin tuc vd Idu dai cua hfi thdng. Mdt yfiu cdu cd'p Uiiet ddt ra la phai cai tao tfl hfi thdng cu thanh he thdng do ludng va diiu khiln trung tdm mdi vdi cdc tinh ndng hifin dai nhung gia thanh phai hgp ly.
III. THIET KM H E T H 6 N G DO LUbNG VA DIEU KHIEN M61 CHO DIEU CHE SUPE LAN
Vdi cac phdn tich nfiu trfin, cac tac gia da dua ra giai phdp xdy dimg hfi diiu khiln tdp trung sfl dung bd diiu khien kha trinh kfi't hgp vdi may tfnh diiu khiln va giam sdt. Cdu hinh cfla bfi Uidng dugc md ta nhu hinh sau:
Cdp diiu khiln, giam sdt va thu thdp sd lifiu
PC- Personal Computer PLC- Programmable
Logic Controller S- Sensor
A- Acmator
Hinh 2. So do cau true ciia he do lu&ng va dieu khien trong dieu chfi' Supe Idn
Cd'p hiin trudng: hfi thdng ndy cd khoang 100 dilm do va dieu khiln.
- Cde tin hifiu tfl Sensor dflgc dfla qua bd biln truyen (Transmitter) dl dua tdi edp diiu khiln (ddi vdi tfn hifiu Wong tu) va ed dfim cdch Ii dd'i vdi cdc tfn hifiu logic (chdng ban trang thdi boat ddng cua mdt ddng co ndo do trong hfi thdng).
- Cde Actuator cung nhdn cdc tm hifiu diiu khiln tfl cdp diiu khiln dl diiu khiln ddi tugng (eh^ng ban nlu tfn hifiu diiu khiln dua ra dl diiu khiln dg md cua van la: 4 - 20mA se tuong ihig v6i gdc md eua van tfl: 0 -100%)
Cd'p diiu khiin: La bd diiu khiln PLC cd chfle ndng xfl If, tinh todn tfl cac gid trj ddu vdo (nhdn dflgc tfl Sensor) dl dua ra cde quylt dinh diiu khiln, canh bao... ddng thdi cdp ndy cflng thudng xuyfin gi!ri gfli ede thdng tin frang thdi eiia eae thifi't bi d cdp trudng vd cua chinh nd lfin cdp trfin thdng qua cdng truyin thdng RS485
Cdp diiu khien, gidm sdt vd thu thdp sd lieu: Ld may tfnh PC vdl cac chfle ndng eo bdn sau;
- Diiu khiln qud trinh: Ngudi vdn hanh cd thi thay ddi cdc che dd diiu khiln, thay ddi cdc gid tri ddt ttudc, cd the can diifip tdi tflng dilm (Tag) trong hfi thdng. Ddc bifit cd thi dua ra yfiu cdu cho qud trinh nhu: nang sudt cua hfi thdng phai dat '70T/h vdi gid tri ddt dd cdp diiu khiln se phai tfnh toan de diiu khien cdc nguyfin lifiu ddu vao thi'ch hgp theo gid tri dat trudc dd
- Gidm sat qud trinh: Ngudi vdn hanh cd thi giam sdt tinh trang boat ddng cua td't ca cdc thilt bi trong hfi thdng...
- Chudn dodn qud trinh: Cdp nay ed \hi dua ra cac canh bdo ve qud trinh(chlng han nhu su thifi'u hut cua mdt sd nguyen lifiu ddu vao ...)
- Thu thdp sd lifiu: Cdp nay se thu thdp, luu trfl lugng tifiu tdn cua nguyfin lifiu ddu vdo cung nhu san lugng ddu ra...
IV. THIET KE XAY D U N G PHAN MEM Phdn mem tren PLC
Phdn mim trfin PLC dung ngdn ngu Step?- do Siemens cung cdp, tfl ngdn ngfl ndy xdy dung nin phdn mim hfi thdng de thu thdp, xu ly, ... cac tin hifiu do va tfn hifiu diiu khiln ddng thdi thuc hifin vific tmyen di6ng vdi PC thdng qua giao thflc ngfldi diing."
Phdn mim tren PC
Phdn mim trfin PC dugc thilt kl tfl Visual Basic va Visual C++. Vdi su lua chon ndy tdc gia da ldm giam nhilu gid thanh cua bfi thdng.
Luu dd thudt toan ciaa chuong trinh phdn mim hfi thdng dugc trinh bay trfin so dd
( S t a r t )
Khdi tao cdc thong s6 cua he thdng
Khcri d6ng cdc Motor tit M l - M 1 6 6che'dOlien dfing nfiu chiing chua kh&i
ddng
Nhan cac gia tri dat true tiep til PC de' thuc hien difiu khi^n A6i tucmg
Gin gia tri cSc difim do \k trang thai hoat d6ng ciia cac thifit bi trong hfi thfing
v i P C
Ti'nh toan tCf cac gia tri dat d^ thifc hifin cac thuat todn difiu khifin PID v(S Motor c i p bdt Apatit, van axit
va van nude
Dung Dua ra canh bdo vi PC va den bdo hien
Giri gid tri cac difim do v l trang thai hoat ddng cua cdc thifit bj trong hfi
thdng vfi PC
Diing
Dung
V. UNG DUNG
Vfli cdc nghien cttu nay cdc tac gia da ttng dung trong xi nghifip san xudt Supe Idn 3 - Cfing ty Supe phflt phdt vd Hod chd't Lam thao. Va da dat dttgc nhttng kfit qua tich cue. He thfing cho phep ngufli van hanh dieu khifin vd gidm sdt toan bfi ddy chuyfin thfing qua may tinh difiu khifin va giam sat. Giao dien chinh c i a hfi thfi'ng dugc Uinh bay Ufin hinh sau:
Hinh 3. Giao dien chinh ciia he do Iflimg dieu khien trong dieu chfi Supe lan Vd'n d l cai dat thdng sd qud trinh dugc thuc hifin thdng qua mdt cfla s6 cai ddt Irinh bay trfin hinh 4. Ngudi vdn hdnh cd Ihl cai ddt ndng sud't Supe, va ti le phd'i lifiu axit, bdt hodc theo axit/ bdt chuong trinh se tu ddng tfnh todn ra lugng nhifin lifiu ddu vao tuong flng. Vdi cde thdng sd phdn tfch cua nguyfin lifiu ddu vao he thdng se tinh ra dugc ti 16 phdi lifiu hgp If, ti 16 nay quyfi't dinh din chdt lugng cua san phdm ddu ra. Td't nhifin ti le phdi lieu se lifin tuc thay ddi theo su biln ddng cua cdc ylu td ddu vao.
ca
>.
ThOng s6 nguyfin llSu ddu v i o
'HimlL/<7ngP20E * ' ' " . . ..'NodO % oxit thung CVe^.r-.
HU PZ05 trong Supe tyoi _ P205 Irong th^Jih ph&n
LKC4i dftl thflng 36 cha h# tfjdng-
,N6ng de axif | 58 j-'H ^22 <?- tdn o>;i,t, •^5 85 iSn b?' iNftng.suatSupB I ?0 ' ^TT/h ""
r'Tl 1§ phrfi lieu thao oxit '^ "^-^B 3-1 5 TTia ph^T fl#u theo bet * ^ 6 ^ 5
?ST1 t9 ph6r tigu theo oxit vA bOtH 0 345
-DcLttI dr giQn ghi &fl I $U
Hinh 4. Cua sfi cai dat cac thflng so
VI. KET LUAN
Hifin nay d Vifit Nam cd kha nhilu cdc ddy chuyen diiu ehl Supe Idn ndi chung va cdc ddy chuyin san xudt trong eae nganh cong nghifip che biln ndi chung dang sfl dung diiu khiln cue bd. Chung cdn thifi't phai dugc cai tao, ndng cd'p thanh cac hfi thd'ng do ludng va diiu khiln trung tam bdi cdc hfi thdng mdi se lam giam ehi phi nhdn cdng, ndng eao chdt lugng san phdm. do tin cdy ...
Vdi vific flng dung hfi thdng do ludng vd diiu khiln trong diiu che' Supe Idn se lam cho vific quan If cdc nguyfin lifiu ddu vao cung nhu san pham ddu ra dfi dang, bdi cdp quan If (phdng kl hoach, phdng kl todn ...) cd the dugc ndi mang true tifi'p vdi may tinh diiu khiln giam sat, cd the ldy cac thdng tin true myln thdng qua mang LAN trong nhd may.
Tdi lieu tham khdo:
[1 Randy Chow, Theodore Johnson: Distributed Operating System & Algorithms, University of Florida, Addison Wesley, 1997.
[2] A.G.Butkovskiy: Distributed Control Systems, New York, American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc, 1969.
[31 George Coulouris, Jean Dollimore, Time Kindberg: Distributed Systems Concepts and Design, University, Addison Wesley, 1994.
[4] Bid Ddng Thdnh, Bdi gidng 'Thiit ke ky thudt tren he do ludng vd diiu khiin phdn tdn Centum CS3000 ". 2003.
