Tieu bun Dig ly. Dig chdl vd Dia veil ly Bien
DAC DIEM PHAN BO VA S l / B I E N TIIIEN HAM LI/ONG KIM LOAI NANG TRONG NU'OC BIEN VINH HA LONG
Pham Thi Nga, Le Van Dire, Nguyen Duy Duyen Trung tdm Dia chat va Khodng san bien 125 - Trung Kinh. Trung Hod, Cau Gidy, Ha Ngi
Email: [email protected]
Vimg ven ba vinh Hg Long cd nhieu he thong sdng sudi, phdn ldn cdc sdng sudi chdy qua cdc khu cdng nghiep va thdnh phd Chdt lugng mdi truang nuac bien ludn bi de doa bai cdc chdt guy d nhiem mang ra tie ddt lien hai cdc song sudi, he thdng thodt nuac vd vimg ddn cu ven bien. Ben canh do, vimg cdn la nai chiu dnh hudng mgnh cua cdc houl dgng tau thuyen, cdng bien, du ljch, nudi trdng thiiy sdn. khai thdc khodng san. Trong bdi bdo ndy chting tdi trinh biiy mot sd ngi dung chinh suu:
- Dug vao he sd talasofil cc'ic nguyen td kim logi trong mdi trirdng nuac bien vinh Lla Long duac chia ra cdc nhdm nhu sau: Nhdm cdc nguyen td tap trung thdp Mg. nhdm cc'ic nguyen id tup trung trung binh. Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, As; nhdm cdc nguyen to lap trung manh. Pb, Mn, Hg
- Bung phirang phdp xdc dinh mirc do nguy ca 6 nhiem vitng nghien ciru dirge chia ra ba mirc dg nguy ca d nhiem bdi kim loai ngng trong nude bien la vitng CO nguy ca 6 nhiem bai kim logt ndng cao; vitng cd nguy ca 6 nhiem trung binh; viing co nguy ca 6 nhiem thdp.
- Tir cdc ket qua nhieu ndm (1997, 2007,2008) dd xdc dinh dugc cdc xu the bien thien hdm luang kim logi ngng theo thai gian: nhdm cdc nguyen to kim logi cd xu the cdng ngdy cdng tdng (As, Cd, Sb. Hg, Mn); nhdm cdc nguyen to cd xu the gidm (Mg, Zn, Cu, Pb)
DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND CHANGES INTHE CONTAIN OF HEAVY METALS IN SEA WATER OF HA LONG BAY
Pham Thi Ngn, Le Van Due, Nguyen Duy Duyen Abstract;
Ha Long Bay coastal zone has system of many rivers, most rivers flow'ing ihrough industrial areas and cities. Quality of the sea water environment is always threatened by pollutants carried from land by rivers, streams, drainage systems and the coastal population .. Besides, the area is a place influenced bv the uLiiviiics of vessels, ports, tourism, uquacullure, mining.
Ildl nghi Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe bien todn quoc ldn Ihu I
Ba.sed on talasofil coefficients, the metallic elements in sea water environment of Ha Long Bay are classified into the following groups: Group of low concentrated elements including Mg; Group of medium concentrated elements including Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, As; Group of high concentrated elements including Pb, Mn, Hg.
By the method of determining risks levels of contamination, research has identified three area of various risk levels of contamination by heavy metals in the sea water including:: High risk of pollution by heavy metals in the sea water area: in the West. Southwest Boi Chay Bridge; Medium risk of pollution by heavy metals in the sea water area: South of Ben Chay bridge. Eastern of The Vung Islands; Low risk of pollution by heavy metals in the sea water area' The most part of study area.
I. M O DAU
Viing bi6n vinh Ha Long la mdt phan cua Vjnh Bae Bd Id mgt trong nliung vinh ldn o vimg Ddng Nam A, Trong viing nghien eiru ed hang chuc hdn dao ldn nhd. Day la vung bien cd vi tri ehien luge vd cimg quan trgng ddi vdi an ninh qudc phdng va phat trien kinh te xa hgi eiia khu vue vjnh Bae Bd-cira ngd giao luu ldn cua Vict Nam ra The gidi.
Trong vimg ed tuyen giao thdng hang hdi quan trgng vdi cum cang Hai Phong, Cai Lan, Cam Phd di Trung Qudc va eac nude Ddng Bac A khae, gdp phan vao phat trien kinh lc .\a hdi khu vuc Ddng Bac Bg, ddng bang Bac Bg. Khdng nhimg the viing bien vinh Ha Long cdn la mdt ngu trudng quan trgng. Viing nay cung cd nhieu trien vgng khoang san ddy bien nhu: sa khoang, vat lieu xay dung, than bun... Mgt so dao cd bai bien dep, phat trien nhieu ran san hd, cd kha nang xay dung nhiing khu bao tdn thien nhien, edng vien sinh thai phuc vu phat trien du lich, nghi dudng. Cd dieu kien xdy dung cac cdng trinli qudc phdng, kinh te lam can cu hau can phat trien tdng hgp kinh te bien, dao.
Bdi bao la su tdng hgp cac ket qua cac nghien cuu trudc day do trung tam Dia ehdi va Khoang san bien thue hien trong vung bien vinh Ha Long dac biet quan tam den su bicn ddi hdm lugng kim loai nang trong nude bien ven bd.
II. DAC DIEM PHAN BO M O T SO KIM LOAI NANG TRONG N U 6 C BIEN Dc danh gia dae diem tap trung hay phdn bd eiia cac nguyen to hda hgc trong nude bicn chiing tdi dira vao he sd talasofil (Ta). He so ndy duac xdc dinh bai ly so yira hdm luemg ciia mdt nguyen to trong nuac bien vung nghien ciru so vai hcim hrang trung binh ciiu nguyen td do irong nuac bien the giai Dudi day Id dae di6m phan bd cac nguyen id kini loai nang trong nude bien da dugc Trung tam Dia chdt va Khoang sdn bi^n thuc hien trong nam 2008.
Tii-u bun Dig I], Dia chdl vd Dig vdi ly Bten
Bang I. Iidm lirang irung binh vd he sd talu.sofil ciiu cdc nguyen to Irong nude vimg bien vinh Lla Long
Nguj Cn to Mg Mn Cu Pb Zn Cti Sb .\s Hg
Don vi mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
HLTB trong nuffc bicn vinh Ha Long nam 2008
864.42 0.0043 0.0038 0.00053 0.015 0.00017 0.00057 0.0037 0.00006
HLTB trong nuoc bicn the gioi
1350 0.002 0.003 0.00003
0.01 0.0001 0.0005 0,003 0.00003
Ta 0.64 2.15 1,27 17.67
1.50 1.70 1 14 1.23 2.00 Til he sd Ta. Dua vdo mirc dd tap trung chung ta cd the chia cac nguyen td kim Ioai Irong mdi Irudng nude bicn vjnh Ha Long ra cdc nhdm nhu sau:
- Nhdm cdc nguyen td tap trung thap (Ta < 1): Mg
- Nhdm cae nguyen id tap trung trung binh (1 < T a < 2): Cu, Zn. Cd, Sb, As - Nhdm cae nguyen td tap trung manh (Ta > 2): Pb, Mn. Hg
* Nhom cac nguyen to co mirc dp tap irung thdp:
+ Nguyen to magie (Mg)
Ham lugng Mg trong nude bien vjnh Ha Long dao dgng trong khoang 552-1109nig/l, dal gia Iri trung binh 864,42nig/l thap hgn so vdi ham Iugng trung binh trong nude bicn ihi gidi (1350mg/l). He sd talasofil (Ta) cua Mg trong nude bien toan vung la 0,64. Mg hinh thanh 1 di thudng cd mire hdm lugng (1027-1109mg/l) phan bd d d khu vuc phia Dong hang Ddu Go (dd sau 3-5ni nude). Ngoai ra, cdn hinli thanh 8 di thudng phdn bd Nam thdnh phd Ha Long, khu vuc Bai Chdy va khu vyc dao Tuan Chau.
* Nhdm cdc nguyen td co mirc dp tap trung trung binh:
+ Nguyen to Asen (As)
Trong nidi trudng nude bicn vjnh fla Long, ham lugng As dao dgng trong khodng 0,0004-a.0042nig/l Dat ham luong trung binh 0,a037mg/l, he sd tap trung Ta = 1,23. As hinh thanh 1 di Ihudng dia phuong vdi mire ham lugng (0,0042mg/l) Tay Nam Bai Chay (do sau l-3ni nude). Ngodi ra, edn hinh thanh mdt sd diem di Ihudng phan bd phia Bae, Tay Bde. Tay Nam ddo Tuan Chau va phia Tdy Bdc ddo Bd Hdn.
lldi I ghl Khou hoc vd Cong nghe hien lodn qudc tdn lim I'
+ Nguyen to kem (Zn)
Ham Iugng Zn irong vimg bi£n vinh Ha Long dao ddng trong khodng 0,01 l-0,0!9iiig/l, irung binh 0.015iTig/l. Nhu vay hdm Iugng ciia Zn da cao hon hdm lugng trung binh cua chinh nd trong nude h\hn Th6 gidi (0,01 mg/l). he so tap trung Ta-1,50. Trong \iing Zn binh thdnh 4 di Ihudng vdi mirc hdm lugng (0.016-0,pl9iTig/l), phdn bd d eac khu \'\i'e:
Bde Bai Chdy {do sau 0,5-1 in nude), Tay Nam dao Tudn Chdu (do sdu 3-5m nude). Ddng hang Ddu Go (do sau 5-lOni nude) vd Ddng cang Hdi Quan (5-lOni nude). Ngodi ra. cdn ed ede di6m dj thudng phan bd khu vuc pha Bai Chdy, Tay Nam Bai Chay vd Ddng Nam ddo Tudn Chdu.
+ Nguyen td cadimi (Cd)
I-idni krong Cd dao ddng trong khodng 0.00013-0,00022ing/l, dal hdm lugng trung binli 0.00017mg/l, cao hon ham lugng trung binh ciia Cd trong nude bien the gidi (0,0001ing/I, Ta-1.70). Cd hinh thanh 2 dj thudng vdi mire ham lugng (0,00019-0,00022nig/l). Di ihudng eua Cd phan bd d khu vyc phia Tay Nam Bai Chay (do sau l-3iii nude), Bac Bai Chay (do sau 0.5-Im nude), Ngodi ra, cdn cd cac diem di ihudng phan bd phia fd\' Bdc.
'1 dy Nam dao Tudn Chdu va Bac hang Bd Ndu.
+ Nguyen to dong (Cu)
Hdm luong Cu dao ddng trong khodng lir 0,003-0,0046mg/l, dal ham lugng trung binh 0.0038ing/l. mgt sd mdu cd ham luong trung binh ldn ban ham lugng trung binh trong nirde bien the gidi (0,003mg/l) vdi he sd Ta=l,27. Cu hinh Ihanh 2 dj thudng mue ham Iugng 0,0040-0,0046nig/l. phan bd d khu vue Tdy Nam Bai Chay (do sau l-3m nude), Bdc hang Ddu Gd (dd sdu 3-5iii nude). Ngoai ra, cdn cd cae diem di thudng phan bd phia Td\
Bac, Bac hang Bd Ndu; Bac. Tdy Bae, Tdy Nam Bai Chay; Tay Bac, Tdy Nam ddo Tuan Chdu.
+ Nguyen to antimoan (Sb)
Anliinoan ed ham Iugng dao dgng trong khoang 0,00051-0,00064nig/I, dat ham Iugng trung binh Id 0,00057nig/l, cao ban ham lugng Irung binh cua chinh nd trong nude bicn lh£ gidi (0,00057mg/l). Sb chi hinh thanh I dj thudng vdi muc ham lugng (0,00059- 0,00064iiig/l) phdn bd d khu vuc Bac Bai Chay (do sau 0,5-lm nude). Ngodi ra, cdn eo ede dicni di thudng phan bd phia Ddng Nam, Tay Bac dao Tuan Chau; Bdc, Tay Bac hang Ddu Gd.
* Nhdm cdc nguyen td cd mirc dp tap trung manh:
+ cXguyen td thuy ngdn (Hg)
Ham lugng Hg dao ddng trong khodng 0,00004-0,00007nig/l, dat ham lugng Irung binh 0,00006mg/I. I lg binh tbanh 2 dj Ihudng vdi miic ham Iugng 0,00007mg/l. Di thudng ciia 1 Ig phdn b d d c d e khu vue: Bdc Bai Chdy (dd sdu 0,5-lm nude) va Ddng Nam Ddo Cdt Bd (11- 21ni nude).
'DeubunDja ly. Dig chcil vd Dia ^ iil li Bien
+ Nguyen to mangan (Mn)
I rong nude bien viing nghien cuu, mangan ed hdm lugng dao ddng irong khoang 0.0021-0.0068nig/l. irung binh 0,0043mg/l. cao hon bam lugng Irung binh cua nd trong nude bien the gidi (0,002mg/l). Mn hinli thdnh 2 di thudng vdi mirc hdm lugng 0,0055- 0.0068nig/l, phdn bd d khu vuc: Tay Nam Bai Chdy (do sau l-3iii nude) va Ddng Nam dao Cat Bd (do sdu 7-lOin nude). Ngoai ra, cdn ed cac diem dj thudng phan bd phia Bde, Tdy Bae hang Bd Nau; Tay Nam, Tay Bdc dao Tudn Chdu, Tdy Bai Chay.
Diem di ihudng Mn tai khu vyc phia Tay Bdc hdn Bd Nau cd ham lugng 0,006]nig/l ldn hon 3 lan ham lugng trung binh cua nd trong nude bicn the gidi, do vdy tai day cd nguy CO d nhiem nude bicn bdi Mn. Cung tai khu vuc phia Bdc Bai Chay hinh thdnh diCni nguy eo d nhiem nude bien bdi Mn voi mire ham lugng 0,0068mg/I (ldn hon gdp 3 ldn hdm lugng trung binh ciia Mn trong nude bicn the gidi).
+ Nguyen td chi (Pb)
Trong vimg bien nghien cuu, chi la nguyen td ldp trung manh (Ta-17,67). Ham luong Pb dao dgng irong khodng 0.0002-0,00096nig/l, dat ham lugng trung binh Id 0,00053nig/l, cao hon 17,67 ian ham lugng irung binh ciia nd Irong nude biin thi gidi (0,00003nig/l).
Nhu vdy, Pb cd su tap trung cao va gay nguy co d nhiem cao trong mdi trudng nude bicn.
Pb hinh thanh 2 di thudng cd muc ham lugng (0,00077-0,00096nig/l) phdn bd d khu vue Tdy Nam Bai Chay (do sdu l-3m nude) va Ddng dao The Vang (5-1 Cm nude). Ngodi ra, cdn cd mdt sd diem di ihudng phan bd phia Bae Bai Chay, Bae hang Bd Nau.
Nhirng di thudng cua Pb phdn bd d cac khu vue tren eao gdp 25,6-32 ldn ham lugng irung binh ciia nd Irong nude bien the gidi. Do vay, nd da cd nguy ea gay d nhiem trong mdi trudng nude bien trong viing.
Nhu vay: irong mdi irudng nude viing bicn vinh Ha Long, cdc nguyen to kim Ioai nang ehi hinh thdnh nhiJ'ng di thudng dia phuang (di ihudng ham lugng nhd hon ham lugng trung binb eua nguyen td trong nude bicn the gidi) Rieng Pb, Mn cd hdm lugng trung binh cao Irong nude bicn vimg nghien cii'u vd cd nguy co gdy d nhiem tai mdt sd khu vue nhu tren.
HI. VLi^G NGUY CO 6 NHIEM MOI TRUONG BOI MOT SO KIM LOAI NANG TRONG NUOC BIEN VINH HA LONG
Nhu lien da trinh bay nude bicn vjnh Ha Long chua ed d nhiem kim loai nang theo QCVN 10: 2008/BTNMT. Tuy nhicn tren ihyc lc, mdi di thudng cua mdt kim loai nang deu cd mdt ldc ddng nhat dinh den mdi trudng. Neu chi xet den kini loai nang ed bi d nhiem khdng theo QCVN thi sc khdng danh gia dugc muc do anh hudng ciia nhicu nguyi^n id. Mat khac. mirc dnh hudng cua cua cae dj thudng kim loai nang den mdi trudng cung dugc eudng hda hoac giam thieu bdi cac hoat ddng kinh le xa hdi ciia tirng khu vyc.
De giai bai lodn tren, dya vao dae diem phan bd cac di thudng ham lugng cae kim loai nang eung nhu mirc dd anh hudng ciia eae kim loai nang ddi vdi mdi trudng nude bicn
\'ung nghien eiru chung tdi eho diem ddi vdi timg di Ihudng kim loai nang tren thang diem 10 nhu sau.
Ildl rghi Khoa hoc vd Cdng nghe bicn lodn qudc ldn ihir 1
Di thuong Asen (As) Cadimi (Cd)
Chi(l'b) DSng(Cu) Kem (Zn)
Diem Bac 1
5 5 6 5 5
Bac 2 6 6 7 6 6
Bac 3 7 7 8 7 7
Di thuong Mangan (Mn) rhuy ngan (Hg)
Magie(Mg) Thiec (Sb)
Bae 1 6 6 4 5
Diem Bac 2 7 7 5 6
Bac 1
8 6 7
. ^
Tir bdn dd co sd viing nghien euu ehiing ldi chia ban dd ra ihanh cac d mang co sd (mdi d khodng 4km2). Tren mdi d mang co sd duge chdm diem dua vao sir cd mat ciia cde di ihudng va bac dj thudng.
Dya vdo phieu thu thdp dicu kien ty nhien - kinh tc xa hdi viing nghien ciru. vdi mdi o mang eo sd duge nhan vdi mdt be sd dnh hudng. Cdc he sd dnh hudng dugc xdc dinh ll'ien bdng sau:
Yeu to Hoat dgng l<hai Ibac khoang san
Cang bicn Ben Ihuyen (cang ca)
Tram xang dau Nuoi trong thtiy san
He so 1.5 1.4 1,2
1.2 1.3
Yeu to Khu cong nghiep
Khu do Ihi Khu nghi mat du lich Riing ngap man, tham eo
bien Khu bao ton thien nhien
HcsS 1.5
2 1,2
0,5 0.6 Tren CO sd dd da xae dinh dugc viing nghien cuu cd ba mue do nguy co d nhiem bdi kim Ioai nang Irong nude bien nhu sau:
Vimg cd nguy eo d nhiem bdi kim loai nang eao: phan bd d khu varc phia Tay, Td\
Nam eau Bai Chay (do sdu 1 - 3m nude) noi tap trung cao cac di thudng ciia cac nguyen lu As, Cu, Pb, Mn. Cd, Zn, Mg, Sb. Khu vyc nay cung la noi tap trung dan cu va ede hoiil ddng dan sinh dicn ra manh me, cd cac khu edng nghiep ven bidn, cang biin va dac biel trong vimg cdn cd hoat ddng khai thac khoang sdn.
^ Viing ed nguy co d nhiem bdi kim loai nang trung binh: phan bd d khu vyc phia N:rr' cdu Bili Chay d dd sau I - 10m nude, phia Ddng dao The Vang (do sdu 1 - 5in mrdc) ngU)
Tieu han Dig ly. Dig chdt vd Bia vgt ly Biin
CO d nhiem bdi Pb, phan bd d khu vue phia Ddng niii Den do sau 1 - 5ni nude, phan bd d khu vyc phia Ddng Nam dao Ddu Be d do sau 5 -20m nude.
Vung CO nguy co d nhiem bdi kim loai yeu: chiem mdt dicn tich ldn cua viing nghien eim. phan bd d cac khu vue ven dao, khu vue ngoai do sau ldn hon 10m nude.
Vimg cd nguy eg 6 nhiem bdi kim loai yeu
Vung cd nguy co d nhiem Viing ed Nguy ca d nhiem bdi kim loai trung binh bdi kim loai nang cao Hinh 1: Sa do phdn viing nguy ca d nhiem bin cdc kim logi ndng trong nuac bien vitng bien ven ba vinh Hg Long.
IV. SU BIEN THIEN HAM LUONG KIM LOAI NANG TRONG VUNG BIEN VINH HA LONG THEO THC>I G I A N
Nhiing nghien cu-u trude day cua cac nhd khoa hgc da chi ra rang, nude bicn ven bd vinh Ha Long cd nguy eo d nhiem bdi dau, thudc bao ve thuc vat gdc clo, chat ran lo Iimg, kim Ioai nang va nhieu chi tieu khac [1], [2], [3]. Tuy nhien, trong khudn khd bai bao nay, chiing tdi tap trung vao viec nghien ciiu su bien thien ham lugng cdc kim loai nang trong viing bien ven bd vinh Ha Long theo thdi gian.
Ildl nghi Khou hoc vd Cdng nghC- bien lodn cpidc ldn Ihd I
Being I. Hdm luemg irung binh kim loui ndng trong mrdc bien vinh Hg Long quu cdc ndn' (Don vi ham lugng. nig'1 NsiuNcn Itl
Nam 1997 2007 2008
Mg
1043 8 1092.8 864 4
Mn
00013 0 0025 0 0043
Cu
0.0055 0.0034 0.0038
Pb
0,00407 0 00022 0-00053
Zn
0.034 0-014 0-015
Cd
0.00006 0.00014 0.00017
Sb
0 00034 0 00055 0,00057
As
0.0013 0.0034 0.0037
lis
0.001)026 0 000114 1 0 000060 Tir cdc kcl qua lay va phan tieh mdu cac nam 1997. 2007,2008 chung tdi lien hanh lap dd thj so sdnh bam lugng cua chiing theo thdi gian va da xdc dinh dugc hai nhdm cdc nguyen td sau:
- Nhdm nguyen td kim loai nang cd xu hudng tang ddn theo thdi gian Id As, Cd. Sb, Hg, Mn:
- 0 00006 Nam - | 0 000(1
Hinh 2; Do thi hieu dien .su hien thien hdm Hinh 3. Dd thi biiu diin .sir biin thien luang As hdm hrang Cd
0 0 0 0 4 •
0 0001 ooooo
0 OlXI.1-1
Nam 1997 Nan 2007
Hinh 4 Do thi hieu dien su hiin ihiiin hum HinhS: Dd thi biiu diin su biin ihien hdm lirang Hg ' i^angSb
f^^" bun Dia ly. Dia chuf vd Dig veil ly Bidn
0 0 0 1 3
Nam 1997 warn 2007 Nam 200K
Hinh 6. Dd ihi bieu dien su hien thien hdm lugng Mn .
- Nhdm ngu\CMi td kim loai nang cd xu budng gidm ddn ihco thdi gian la Mg. Zn, Cu, Pb:
Hinh "^ Dd thi bieu dien sir bien ihien hum
hrang .\ Ig ITmh H' Dd tin bieu dien su bien thien hiim hrang Zn
1 OOOJ ntxi55
1 •""
^ om
Hinh 9 Dd ihi bieu dien su bien thien hum Hmh 10. Bo ihi bieu dien sir bien thien hum luerng Cu luemg Pb
Nhu vdy So sanh vdi lai lieu cac nam trude chiing tdi dua ra nhan dinh ddi vdi timg nguyen id kim loai nang trong viing bicn ven bd vinh Ha Long.
- Cac kim loai nang As, Cd. Hg, Sb, Mn trong vimg bicn ven bd Ha Long deu cd xu hudng cang ngdy cang ldng vdi cac mirc do tang cho tirng nguyen td khae nhau. Cdc kim loai nay tang ed the do sy gia tang ham lugng kim loai nang trong nude thai sinh boat, nude thdi dd ihj. cdc boat ddng nudi trdng thiiy hai san va eac hoat dgng san xual ndng nghiep ven bicn.
Ildl nghi Khoa Iwc vu Cdng nghe biin lodn qutJc ldn Ihu I
- Cdc kim loai Zn, Mn. Pb, Cu cd xu hudng gidm tir nam 2007 so vdi hdm Iugng ciia IKI trong nam 1997. Tuy nhien so vdi nam 2008 thi ham Iugng trung binh cua chiing lai co ddu hicu tang trd lai. Cac nguyen td tren ehu yeu hen quan den boat ddng khai thac khodng sdn, chdl thai cdng ngbicp. cac boat ddng cang bicn, hoat dgng giao thdng dudng thiiy. CM yen td dnh hirdng den nguyen td tren tir nam 1997 den nam 2007 dugc kiem sodt khd id' tuy nhien tir nam 2007 den nam 2008 dang cd ddu hicu lang trd lai.
- Mam Iugng irung binh ciia Mg ciia nam 2008 ed xu hudng gidm hon so vdi hdm lugn;' trung binh ciia nd trong giai doan iCr nam 1997 den nam 2007.
KET LU.\N
Tir cdc kcl qud nghien ciru dac diem phdn bd ede kim loai nang trong mdi trudng nude bicn ven bd vinh I la Long ehiing tdi rut ra mdt sd kel luan sau :
- Trong nidi trudng nude bicn ven bd vinh Ha Long ehua cd nguyen td ndo dal miie o nhiem (QCVN 10.2008/B'i NMT) nhung da ed ngu\' eo d nhiem bdi kim loai nang cu ihc laPb, Mn
- Dya vao ede trgng sd (bdc dj thudng ham lugng eac kim loai nang va be sd dnh huong cda he thdng kinh te xa hdi) chiing toi xac djnh viing ed nguy eo d nhiem mdi trudng nude bicn bdi kim loai nang eao phdn bd d khu \'ue phia Tay. Tdy Nam cdu Bai Chd\ (dd sdu i - 3ni nude). Dc nghi cd nhung bicn phap eu the nham gidm thieu nhirng \eu to anh hudng den mdi Irudng nude khu vue nay
_ - Tir cdc kcl qua lay va phdn tich mau cdc nam 1997, 2007,2008 ehiing ldi ti£n hanh lap dd thj so sanh hdm lugng ciia chimg theo thdi gian va da xac djnh dugc hai nhdm cdc nguyen td sau:
+ Nhdm nguyen id kim loai nang cd xu hudng lang ddn theo thdi gian la As, Cd. Sh.
Hg, Mn.
+ Nhdm nguyen Id kim loai nang cd xu hudng giam ddn theo thdi gian Id Mg. Zn, Cu, Pb
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 TSKH Nguyen Bicu vd nnk, nam 1997 "Dieu tra dia chdt, lim kiCni khoang sdn ran bien ven bd (0-30ni nude) ViCl Nam tl le 1/500.000". Luu trtr tai Trung ldm Dia cli.il va Khodng sdn bien.
2. GS.TS Mai Trgng Nhudn va nnk, nam 2007 "Dieu tradacdicmi dia chdt, dia ddng luc, dm ehat khodng san. dia chat mdi trudng va du bao tai bien dja chat viing bien llai Phdng - Quang Ninh tir 0-30m nude ti le I/IOO.OOO va vimg trgng trgng di^ni Bach Long VT li le 1:50.000 '\ Luu tru tai Trung tam Dja chdt va Khoang san bien.
3 TSKI1 Ddo Manh Ticn va nnk, nam 2008 "Nghien ciru, danh gia kha nang tich luy cdc chdt gdy d nhiem trong mdi Irudng tram tieh ven bd bi£n Vict Nam". Luu trfr uii Trung lam Dia chat \d Khoang san biin.
4. Mai Trong Nhuan. "Dia hda nidi trudng" nha xudl ban dai hoe qudc gia lla ndi. n.un '2001.
5. Dang Mai, "Cac phuang phap Dja hda lim ki^m Klioang san" nha xudt ban khoa hge k\
thual.
