Qljag.ibtnig.fihap.bwl S6 4(289)-2016^
»' rf «' r «f . _r A A
VAN BE U Y Y KIEN DONG eOP CUA NIUN DAN THEO QUY DMH CDALUATDKT DAI NJlM 2013
I PGS.TS. NGUYiN QUANG TUY^N *
1. Thirc trang quy dinh cua LuSt Dat dai nam 2013 v^ ISy y ki^n ddng gdp cua nhan dSn 1.1. Trong lap quy hoach, ki hoqch sir dung
m
1.1.1. Noi dung quy dinh
Viec idy y kidn ddng gdp cua nhan dan trong lap quy ho^cb, ke hoach sii dung dat dirge de cap tai Di^u 43 Luat Ddt dai nam 2013, theo do, viec liy y ki6n nay dupc thirc hien nhir sau:
Thu nhdt, quy hoach, k8 hoach su dung dat la mpt trong nhiJng phuang thiic quan ly dat dai cua Nha nudc (mot trong nhiing can cii giao dat, cho thue dat, chuyen muc dich sii dyng dat va thu hdi dat la kS hoach sii dung dat hang nam cua cap huyen da duac ca quan nha nudc cd tham quyen xet duyet'), anh hudng true tiep den viec su dung dat cua nhan dan ndi chung va ngucfi sir dung dat ndi rieng. Do vay, viSe lay y kien ddng gdp cua nh3n dan dugc thuc hien trong qua trinh td chiic lap quy hoach, ke ho^ch sir dung dat d tit ca he thdng quy hoach, ke hoach sii dung dat, bao gdm:
Quy ho^eh, ke ho^ch sit dung dat cap qudc gia;
quy hoach, ke hoach sii dung dat cap tinh; quy hoEich, ke hoaeh su dung dat cap huyen va quy hoach, ke hoach su dung dat quoe phdng - an ninh.
Thir hai, vi^c to chiic lay y kien ddng gdp ciia nhan dan ve quy hoach, ke hoach sir dung dat
thupe trdeh nhiem cua ea quan nha nude co th3m quySn td chiic lap quy hoaeh, ke ho^eh sir dyng dlt^. Di6u nay cd nghia la, trong qua trinh td chiic lap quy hoach, k l hoach sii dung dat, co quan nha nudc cd thim quy8n bat bude phai lay y kiSn ddng gdp cua nhan dan, neu khdng thuc hien thi se vi pham phap luat dat dai.
Thu ba, hinh thiic, npi dung va thoi gian lay y ki6n ddng gdp eua nhan dan ve quy hoach, ke hoach su dung dat duac thuc hien eu the nhu sau:
- Vi?c lay y kien dong gdp eua nhan dSn v6 quy hoach, kk ho?eh sit dung dat cap qudc gia, cap tinh duac thyc hien thdng qua hinh thire cdng khai thdng tin ve npi dung cua quy hoach, ke ho?ch sii dung dat tren trang thong tin dien tu eua Bp Tai nguyen va Moi trucmg, Uy ban nhan dan (UBND) cap tinh.
Trong khi dd, viee lly y kidn ddng gdp cua nhan dan ve quy hoach, ke hoaeh su dyng dat cap huyen dupc thuc hien thdng qua hinh thite td chiic hpi nghi, lay y kidn true ti8p va cdng khai thdng tin ve npi dung cua quy hoach, ke ho^ch su dyng dat tren trang thong tin dien tic cua UBND eip tinh va UBND eip huyen. So dT cd su khae nhau nay la do cd sy sua ddi trong Luat Dat dai nam 2013, dd la dan vi hanh chinh cap xa khdng l^p quy hoaeh, ke hoaeh sii dyng dit eua dia phuang ma
I Ddn chCi & Phdp lu^t
* Dai hQC Lugt Ha Ngi(^dg difng, phap. UtM 86 4 (289)-2016
npi dung su dyng dat ciia cip xS duac the hien trong ke hoaeh sir dyng dit hang nam cua cap huy?n. Dieu nay cd nghia la, viec lap ke hoach su dyng dat hang nam ciia cap huyen eo anh huong trye tiep dfin viec quan ly dat dai cua cap xa va vi?c sit dung dat ciia nhan dan, nen nd nhan duac su quan tam dae biet eua nhan dan. Vi vay, ben canh vide lay y kien gop y qua trang thdng tin dien tu, thi UBND cap huyen phai to chiic hpi nghi lay y kien true tiep. Thdng qua hpi nghi nay, co quan cd tham quyen lap quy hoach, ke hoach su dung dat ciia cap huyen trye tiep tiep xiie, lang nghe y kien gdp y eua can bp cap xa, ngudi dan va trao ddi, giai trinh, tra ldi nhiing ban khoan, thae mac;
ddng thoi tiep thu nhung y kien ddng gdp hap ly, tam huydt, eo co so khoa hpe, nham khdng chi hoan ehinh, nang cao chat luang dy thao quy hoaeh, ke hoach su dyng dat ma eon tao su ddng thuin tit phia ngudi dan, eo nhu vay thi quy hoach, ke hoaeh sii dung dat cua cap huyen duge cap ed thim quygn xet duy^t mdi nhanh chdng di vao cudc song va phat huy tae dyng tich cue.
- Noi dung lly y kien nhan dan ve quy hoach, k6 hoaeh sit dyng dat gdm cae ehi tieu quy hoach, k6 hoaeh su dyng dit, eae dy an cdng trinh thyc hien trong ky quy hoach, ke hoach sii dyng dat.
- Thdi gian lay y kien gdp y ciia nhan dan ve quy hoaeh, kd hoach sit dyng dat la 30 ngay ke tir ngay ca quan nha nude cd tham quyen quyet dinh td ehdre Idy y kien.
- Ca quan ed trach nhiem lay y kien ve quy ho^ch, k6 hoach sii dyng dat eo trach nhiem xay dyng bao cao tdng hop, tidp thu, giai trinh y kien cua nhan dan va hoan thien phuang an quy hoach, ke hoaeh sit dung dat trudc khi trinh Hpi ddng thim dinh quy ho^eh, kd hoach sit dung dat. Dieu nay cho thiy, viec lly y kien ddng gdp eua nhan
dan ve quy hoaeh, ke hoach su dung dat khong phai mang tinh hinh thirc, lam "qua loa, chieu le"
ma la viec lam thuc ehat. 6 day, trach nhiem eua CO quan nha nuoe eo tham quyen trong viec tdng hap, tiep thu, giai trinh y kien ddng gdp cua nhan dan duge de cao se gdp phan nang cao bieu qua quan tri dat dai dya tren tieu chi dan chu, cdng khai va minh baeh.
- Ddi voi quy hoaeh, ke hoach sii dyng dat qudc phdng, an ninh, Bp Quoe phdng, Bp Cdng an cd traeh nhiem lay y kien UBND cap tinh trong qua trinh td chiie lap quy ho?ch, ke hoaeh su dung dat, nhu vay se viia bao dam bi mSt ve qudc phdng, an ninh, vua dam bao tinh dan chu trong qua trinh xay dyng quy hoach, ke ho^ch su dung dat qudc phong, an ninh.
1.1.2. Mot so binh luan
Tim hieu ndi dung lay y kien dong gdp eiia nhan ddn vd lap quy ho^ch, ke hoach sir dung dat trong Luat Bit dai nam 2013 cho thay van cdn mdt sd van de ma Luat nay chua quy dinh mdt each cy the:
Mot la, trong tnrong hprp co quan nha nude cd tham quyen td chiic lap quy hoach, ke hoach sir dung dit khdng thyc hien viec lay y kien ddng gdp ciia nhan dan vao quy hoaeh, ke hoaeh su dung dat hoac viec td chite lay y kien ddng gdp ciia nhan dan vao quy hoach, ke hoach su dyng dat thyc hien khdng diing quy dinh ve thdi gian lay y kien la 30 ngay ke tir ngay ca quan nha nudc co tham quyen quyet dinh td chiic lay y kien thi se xit ly nhu the nao? Cae co quan nay phai chiu traeh nhiem phap ly gi? Dieu nay khdng tim duge cau tra ldi trong Luat Dat dai nam 2013.
Hai la, trong trudng hop lay y kien dong gdp eua nhan dan vao dy thao quy hoaeh, ke hoach su dung dit ma da sd y kien nhan dan phan ddi thi co
Ddn ch£i & Phdp lu$t I
djdg dung phdp, lugl 86 4 (289) - 2016
quan td chiic lap quy hoach, kk hoach sir dung dat ed di6u chinh, sira ddi quy ho^ch, kd ho^ch su dyng dit khdng? Vdi ty le bao nhieu % y kiln ddng gdp ciia nhan dan phan ddi thi npi dung quy hoach, kd hoach sir dyng dit dugc siia ddi toan bp, vdi ty le bao nhieu % y kien ddng gop cua nhan dan phan ddi thi quy hoach, ke hoach sit dyng dat dugc sua ddi va it nhat bao nhieu % y kien ddng gdp cua nhan dan dong imh thi duge xac dinh la ddng thuan vdi quy hoach, ke hoach su dyng dat...
Nhihig vin de nay ehua dugc quy djnh ro trong Lu$t s i t dai nam 2013.
Ba la, Luat Dit dai nam 2013 chua quy dinh ro viec giai trinh eua ca quan lap quy hoach, ke hoach sii dyng dat trong trudng hgp y kien ddng gdp eua nhan dan chua ddng tinh vdi quy hoach, kl hoach sii dung dit thi dugc thyc hi?n theo hinh thiic nao (giai trinh true tiep vdi ngudi dan hay giai trinh bang van ban gui eho ngudi dan...) va trinh ty, thu tyc giai trinh dugc thyc hien nhu the nao?
B6n la, Luat Dit dai nam 2013 mdi ehi quy dinh, ddi vdi quy hoaeh, ke hoach sir dung dat qude phong, an ninh, thi Bd Qudc phdng, Bd Cdng an ed trach nhiem lay y kien UBND cap tinh trong qud trinh td chiic ldp quy hoach, kd hoaeh sii dyng dat, tuy nhien, viee td chiie lay y kien nay thuc hien theo hinh thiie nao (true tiep hay lly bang vSn ban) va thue hien theo trinh ty, thii tyc cu the ra sao thi cung ehua dugc quy djnh r6 rang.
1.2. Thifc trang quy Mnh cua Luat Bdt dai nam 2013 ve lay y kien dong gop cua nhan ddn trong Idpphmmg dn bdi thir&ng, hStrcf, tdi dinh CU' khi Nha nu&c thu hdi ddt
1.2.1. Noi dung quy dinh
Tdng ket 10 nam thi hanh Luat Dit dai nam 2003 cho thay, bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu khi
Nha nudc thu hdi dat (sau day ggi chung la bfii thudng khi Nha nudc thu hoi dat) la mdt trong nhimg van de khd khan, phue tap va ludn gjip phai trd ngai trong qua trinh thue thi do ngudi bj thu hdi dit khdng ddng thuan vdi phuang an b6i thudng. Dd khie phye tmh trang nay thi cac nguyen tic dan chu, cong khai, minh b^ch, cdng bing va tuan thu phap lu?t dugc tdn trpng, thijc thi. Thue t l cho thay, dia phuang nao chu trpng tuan thu cac nguyen tic nay, thi vi?c bdi thudng khi Nha nudc thu hdi dat dugc thyc hien nhanli chdng, it g?tp phai su phan ddi, khieu kien ciia ngudi dan. Do dd, viec lay y kien ddng gdp ciia ngudi dan ngay tu qua trinh l$p phuong an b6i thudng khi Nha nudc thu hdi dat cd y nghia d3c bidt quan trpng. Van de nay dugc de cap tai khoan 2 Didu 69 Lu^t Dat dai nam 2013, theo do, vi?c lay y kien ddng gdp eiia ngudi dan trong lap, th§m dinh phucmg an bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu duge thue hidn nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, td chiic lam nhi$m vy bdi thudng, giai phdng m^t bang cd trach nhi?m lap phuong k bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu va phdi hpp vdi UBND cIp xa noi cd dit thu hdi td ehiie lay y kien vl phuang an bdi thudng, hd trg, tdi dinh cu theo hinh thire td ehire hpp true tiep vdi ngudi Ak trong khu vuc ed dSt thu hdi, dong thdi niem yet edng khai phuang dn bdi thudng, hd trg, tai djnli eu tai UTJ sd UBND cap xa, dia diem sinh ho?t ehung eiia khu dan cu noi cd dat thu hdi.
Viee td ehiic lly y kiln phdi dugc lap thanh bien ban cd xae nhan cua dai didn UBND cap x3, dai dien Uy ban Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam cap xa, dai dien nhung ngudi cd dit thu hdi.
Td chire lam nhi^m vu bdi thudng, giai phdng mat bing cd traeh nhiem tdng hgp y kiln ddng g6p bang van ban, ghi ro sd lugng y kiln ddng % so
D l Ddn chCi 8i Phdp lu$t
Obag dung phap. lugl 86 4 (289)-2016
lugng y kien khdng ddng y, sd lugng y kiln khdc ddi vdi phuang an bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh eu;
phdi hgp vdi UBND d p xa noi ed dit thu hdi td chuc doi thoai doi vdi trudng hgp cdn cd y kiln khong ddng y v l phuang an bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu; hoan chinh phuang an trinh ea quan cd tham quyen.
Thu hai, co quan ed tham quyln thim dinh phuang an bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu trudc khi trinh UBND eip cd tham quyln quylt dinh thu hdi dit.
1.2.2. Mot so binh lugn
Vdi quy dinh tren day, tae gia cho ring, ed mpt sd vin d l quan trpng ma Luat Dit dai nam 2013 chua de cap ro rang, cy the trong viee lly y kiln ddng gdp ciia ngudi dan ve phuang an bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu:
Mot la, ve nguyen tac ddng thuan ddi vdi phuang an bdi thudng, hd trg, tdi dinh cu, Luat Dat dai nam 2013 khdng the hien rd quan dilm lua chpn nguyen tac ddng thuan nao trong lay y kien ddng gdp eiia ngudi dan ve phuong an bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu: "Phuang dn ddng thuan tuyet ddi"^ hay "phuang an dong thuan tuong ddi"^.
Dieu nay cd nghia la, Luat Dat dai nam 2013 mdi ehi diing lai d quy dinh, td chiic lam nhiem vu bdi thudng, giai phdng mat bang cd trach nhiem lap phuang an bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu va phdi hgp vdi UBND d p xa nai cd dat thu hoi td chlic lay y kien vd phuang an bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu theo hinh thiic td ehiie hpp true tiep vdi ngudi dan trong khu vuc cd dat thu hdi, ddng thdi niem yet cdng khai phuang an bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu tai try sd UBND cap xa, dia diem sinh boat chung eiia khu dan cu ncri ed dat thu hdi; td chlic lam nhiem vy bdi thudng, gidi phdng mat
bang cd trach nhiem tdng hgp y kien ddng gdp bang vdn ban, ghi ro sd lugng y kien ddng y, sd lugng y kiln khdng dong y, sd lugng y kiln khdc ddi vdi phuang an bdi thudng, ho trg, tai dinh cu;
phdi hgp vdi UBND d p xa noi cd dit thu hdi td chiie ddi thoai ddi vdi trudng hgp cdn ed y kien khdng ddng y ve phuang an bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu; hoan chinh phuong dn trinh eo quan ed tham quyen. Luat Dit dai nam 2013 khdng quy dinh rd ty le bao nhieu % y kiln ngudi bi thu hdi dat ddng y vdi phuang an bdi thudng thi dugc coi la ddng tinh (75% hay 100%), bao nhidu % y kiln ngudi bi thu hdi dat khdng ddng y vdi phuong dn bdi thudng thi dugc coi la khdng ddng tinh va trong trudng hgp da sd y kiln ngudi bi thu hdi dat khdng ddng tinh vdi phuang dn bdi thudng thi phuang an nay cd dugc dieu chinh, siia ddi, bd sung khdng? Trudng hgp nao thi dilu chinh toan bd, trudng hgp nao dieu chinh mot phin phuang an bdi thudng...?
Hai la, Luat Dat dai nam 2013 khdng quy dinh rd trdeh nhiem gidi trinh cua co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen trong trudng hgp khdng thay ddi phucmg dn bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh eu khi dai da sd y kien ddng gdp cua ngudi bj thu hdi dat khdng ddng tinh vdi phuang dn nay.
Chinh su khdng ro rang va thieu cu the trong viec quy djnh lay y kien ddng gdp ciia ngudi dan ve bdi thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu khi Nha nude thu hdi dat dl lam cho ehiing ta cd cam nhan van de nay mang nang tinh hinh thire ma khdng thuc chat.
2. Giai phap gop phan hoan thi^n quy dinh cua LuSt Dat dai nam 2013 ve lay y kien ddng gop ciia nhSn dSn
2.1. Gidi phdp hodn thien quy Mnh Idyy kien dong gdp cua nhdn ddn vi lap quy hoach, ke hogch sir dung ddt
Ddn chCi & Phdp iu^t I D
%&g dung phdp lugl 86 4 (289) - 2016
D I gdp phin hoan thien Luat Dat dai nam 2013 ndi ehung va quy dinh lly y kiln ddng gdp cua nhan dan vl lap quy hoach, kl hoach sir dyng dit ndi rieng, Nha nudc can ban hanh van ban hudng dan ey the, theo dd:
- Bd sung quy dinh ve ehe tai xvi ly ddi vdi trudng hgp eo quan nha nude cd tham quySn td chlic l^p quy hoach, kl hoaeh sir dyng dat khdng thyc hidn viee lly y kien ddng gdp eiia nhan dan vao quy hoach, kl hoaeh sii dyng dat hoac viec td ehitc lly y kiln ddng gdp eiia nhan dan vao quy hoaeh, kl hoaeh su dung dit thyc hien khdng diing quy dinh vl thdi gian lly y kien la 30 ngay ke tir ngay ca quan nha nudc cd tham quyen quyet dinh td chlic lay y kien.
- Bd sung quy dinh ve ty I? % tdi thieu y kien ddng gdp cua nhan dan ddng y ddi vdi quy hoach, kl hoach sir dyng dat; quy dinh ey the ty le % y kien ddng gdp cua nhan dan phdn ddi thi quy ho^ch, kl hoaeh sir dung dat dugc sita ddi toan bd, vdi ty Id bao nhieu % y kien ddng gdp cua nhan ddn phan ddi thi quy hoach, ke hoaeh sir dung dat duge sira ddi, dieu ehinh.
- Bd sung quy dinh ve hinh thirc, trinh ty, thii tyc giai trinh cua co quan lap quy hoach, ke hoach sii dung dat ddi vdi trudng hgp y kien ddng gdp eua nhan dan khdng ddng tinh vdi quy hoach, ke ho^eh sir dung dit.
- Bd sung quy dinh vd hinh thiic va trinh tu, thu tyc cu the ve viec lay y kien UBND d p tinh ddi
vdi quy hoach, k l hoaeh sii dyng dat quoe phong, an ninh.
2,2. Gidi phdp hodn thi^n quy dinh Idyyki^n ddng gop cua ngudi ddn ve lap phircmg dn bdi thir&ng, hd tra, tdi ^nh cir khi Nhd nw&c thu hei ddt
D I gdp phan hoan thi$n quy dinh lay y ki^n ddng gdp eiia ngudi dan ve lap phuang an b6i thudng, hd trg, tai dinh cu khi Nha nudc thu hoi dat ciia Luat dat dai nam 2013, Nha nude cdn tli\rc hi$n mot sd viec sau day:
- Ban hanh quy dinh cu the hda ve viec lay y kien ddng gdp ciia ngudi bi thu hdi dat ve phuong dn bdi thudng, trong do dd edp ro ty le % y kien ngudi hi thu hdi dat ddng y vdi phuang an boi thudng thi dugc coi la ddng tinh, ty le % y kieo ngudi bi tiiu hdi dat khdng ddng y vdi phucmg an bdi thudng thi dugc coi la khong ddng tinh va ty le % y kien ngudi bi thu hdi dat khdng dong tinh vdi phuang an bdi thudng thi phuang dn nay dupc dieu chinh; ty Id % y kien khdng ddng tinh thl phuang an bdi thudng dugc didu chinh toan bp, ty le % y kien khdng ddng tinh thi phuang an boi thudng dugc dieu chinh mgt phan.
- Ban hanh quy dinh trach nhiem giai trinh ciu CO quan nha nudc cd tham quyen trong trudng h^p khdng dilu chinh phuang dn bdi thudng khi d^ida sd ngudi bj thu hdi dit khdng ddng y vdi phucmg an bdi thudng va ehl tai xir 1;^ khi khdng thyc hien trdeh nhiem nay G
7. Khoan I Dieu 52 va khoan 2 Diiu 63 Ludi Dal dai ndm 2013.
2. Dieu 42 Ludt Dat dai ndm 2013.
3. D6ng thugn tuyet ddi khi co 100% y kiin nguai ddn iupc hoi ddng tinh vai phucmg dn bdi thuang, ho tr?, I&
dinh cu.
4. Ddng thudn tuong ddi khi cd it nhdt tu 75% tra len y kiin ngu&i ddn duac hdi ddng tinh vdi phuang dn bcn thudng, hd tra, tdi dinh cu.
